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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

1

Deniaud, Christophe, and JJ Roger Cheng. "Review of shear design methods for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with fibre reinforced polymer sheets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-113.

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This paper reviews the different shear design methods found in the literature for reinforced concrete beams strengthened externally with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and compares the adequacy of each method by using the test results from the University of Alberta. The FRP shear design methods presented include the effective FRP strain and the bond mechanism criteria, the strut-and-tie model, the modified compression field theory, and a mechanical model based on the strip method with shear friction approach. Sixteen full-scale T-beam test results were used in the evaluation. Two web heights of 250 and 450 mm and two ready mix concrete batches of 29 and 44 MPa were used in the test specimens. Closed stirrups were used with three spacings: 200 mm, 400 mm, and no stirrups. Three types of FRP were used to strengthen externally the web of the T-beams: (i) uniaxial glass fibre, (ii) triaxial (0/60/60) glass fibre, and (iii) uniaxial carbon fibre. The results showed that the mechanical model using the strip method with shear friction approach evaluates better the FRP shear contribution. The predicted capacities from this mechanical model are also found conservative and in excellent agreement with the test results.Key words: beams, carbon fibres, composite materials, fibre reinforced polymers, glass fibres, rehabilitation, reinforced concrete, shear strength, sheets, tests.

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Bakhtiyari, Saeed, Leila Taghi Akbari, and Masoud Jamali Ashtiani. "An investigation on fire hazard and smoke toxicity of epoxy FRP composites." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 8, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2016-0030.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is assessment of fire and smoke hazards of some fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). The use of FRP strengthening strips has been found rapid growth in construction industry of Iran and many other countries. However, the fire and smoke hazards of these materials in both construction and use phases need to be determined and the appropriated measures against fire should be taken. Design/methodology/approachThe fire hazards of two types of fibre-reinforced epoxy composites (graphite fibre-reinforced polymer and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer) were investigated in bench-scale using cone calorimeter test method. Time to ignition, heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release and carbon monoxide production were measured and analysed. Time to flashover of an assumed room lined with the tested FRP was analysed with Conetools software. Smoke production and toxicity of the considered composites were also analysed and discussed, using the fractional effective dose parameter. FindingsThe results showed that the tested FRP products had a high fire hazard and a potential high contribution to fire growth. The tests also proved that the used epoxy resin had a low glass transition temperature, around 50°C; therefore, the mechanical strength of the product could be drastically reduced at first stages of a probable fire incident. This also showed that a regular thermal barrier, typically used for protection of plastic foams against fire, could not be sufficient for the protection of strengthening FRP composites. Originality/valueThis research was carried out for the first time for the materials used in construction industry of Iran. The results and achievements were very useful for safe use and development of proper details of application of the system.

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Shehata, Emile, Ryan Morphy, and Sami Rizkalla. "Fibre reinforced polymer shear reinforcement for concrete members: behaviour and design guidelines." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-004.

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This paper describes an experimental program conducted to examine the structural performance of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) stirrups as shear reinforcement for concrete structures. A total of ten large-scale reinforced concrete beams were tested to investigate the contribution of the FRP stirrups in a beam mechanism. The ten beams included four beams reinforced with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) stirrups, four beams reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) stirrups, one beam reinforced with steel stirrups, and one control beam without shear reinforcement. The variables were the material type of stirrups, the material type of the flexural reinforcement, and the stirrup spacing. Due to the unidirectional characteristics of FRP, significant reduction in the strength of the stirrup relative to the tensile strength parallel to the fibres is introduced by bending FRP bars into a stirrup configuration and by the kinking action due to inclination of the diagonal shear crack with respect to the direction of the stirrups. A total of 52 specially designed panel specimens were tested to investigate the bend and kinking effect on the capacity of FRP stirrups, along with two control specimens reinforced with steel stirrups. The variables considered in the panel specimens are the material type of the stirrups, the bar diameter, the bend radius, the configuration of the stirrup anchorage, the tail length beyond the bend portion, and the angle of the stirrups. Based on the findings of this investigation, shear design equations for concrete beams reinforced with FRP, appropriate for the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) code, are proposed. The reliability of the proposed equations is evaluated using test results of 118 beams tested by others.Key words: shear, fibre-reinforced polymers, CFRP, cracks, GFRP, kink, stirrups, bend capacity.

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Šlaitas, Justas. "Flexural Reinforced Concrete Elements, Strengthened with Fibre Reinforced Polymer, Bearing Capacity Evaluation According to Limit Crack Depth." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1079.

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The research was made on condition assessment of flexed reinforced concrete structures, strengthened with fibre reinforced polymers, in fracture stage. Universal bearing capacity calculation method based on limit normal section crack depth was proposed. This paper confirms the hypothesis of triangular concrete’s compressive zone chart usage for flexural strength calculation, without tensile concrete above crack evaluation. There is established connection between crack depth and FRP stressstrain, which allows to decide about structures bearing capacity reserve. The calculation results are confirmed with experimental studies of 73 reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets, plates, strips and rods, taken from different researches. Furthermore, recommended limits of strengthening with FRP were proposed.

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Bisby, L. A., V. KR Kodur, and M. F. Green. "Numerical parametric studies on the fire endurance of fibre-reinforced-polymer-confined concrete columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-071.

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Confinement of reinforced concrete columns by circumferential fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps is a promising application of FRP materials for structural strengthening and seismic upgrading of deteriorated or under-strength members. However, if this technique is to be used in buildings, parking garages, and industrial structures, then the ability of FRP materials and FRP-wrapped columns to withstand the effects of fire must be demonstrated and evaluated. This paper presents the results of parametric studies conducted using a previously presented and partially validated numerical fire simulation model to investigate the effects of a number of parameters on the fire behaviour of FRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns. It is demonstrated that appropriately designed and adequately protected FRP-wrapped reinforced concrete columns are capable of achieving fire endurances equivalent to conventionally reinforced concrete columns. Furthermore, this study also suggests that a holistic approach to the fire design of FRP-wrapped members is required, rather than an approach based on the specific performance of the FRP materials. Design recommendations for the fire-safe design of FRP-wrapped concrete columns are presented and discussed.Key words: reinforced concrete, rehabilitation, strengthening, fibre reinforced polymer, fire endurance, fire insulation, numerical modelling.

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Ostrowski, Krzysztof Adam, Carlos Chastre, Kazimierz Furtak, and Seweryn Malazdrewicz. "Consideration of Critical Parameters for Improving the Efficiency of Concrete Structures Reinforced with FRP." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082774.

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Fibre-reinforced polymer materials (FRP) are increasingly used to reinforce structural elements. Due to this, it is possible to increase the load-bearing capacity of polymer, wooden, concrete, and metal structures. In this article, the authors collected all the crucial aspects that influence the behaviour of concrete elements reinforced with FRP. The main types of FRP, their characterization, and their impact on the load-carrying capacity of a composite structure are discussed. The most significant aspects, such as type, number of FRP layers including fibre orientation, type of matrix, reinforcement of concrete columns, preparation of a concrete surface, fire-resistance aspects, recommended conditions for the lamination process, FRP laying methods, and design aspects were considered. Attention and special emphasis were focused on the description of the current research results related to various types of concrete reinforced with FRP composites. To understand which aspects should be taken into account when designing concrete reinforcement with composite materials, the main guidelines are presented in tabular form.

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Qureshi, Jawed. "A Review of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Structures." Fibers 10, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10030027.

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This paper reviews Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites in Civil Engineering applications. Three FRP types are used in Structural Engineering: FRP profiles for new construction, FRP rebars and FRP strengthening systems. Basic materials (fibres and resins), manufacturing processes and material properties are discussed. The focus of the paper is on all-FRP new-build structures and their joints. All-FRP structures use pultruded FRP profiles. Their connections and joints use bolting, bonding or a combination of both. For plate-to-pate connections, effects of geometry, fibre direction, type and rate of loading, bolt torque and bolt hole clearance, and washers on failure modes and strength are reviewed. FRP beam-columns joints are also reviewed. The joints are divided into five categories: web cleated, web and flange cleated, high strength, plate bolted and box profile joints. The effect of both static and cyclic loading on joints is studied. The joints’ failure modes are also discussed.

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Wang, Wenjie, Zonglai Mo, Yunpeng Zhang, and Nawawi Chouw. "Dynamic Splitting Tensile Behaviour of Concrete Confined by Natural Flax and Glass FRP." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 4424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204424.

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Flax fibre has been used to reinforce concrete composite, but its dynamic properties have not been thoroughly studied. This study investigates the dynamic splitting tensile properties of plain concrete (PC) confined by flax-fibre-reinforced polymer (FFRP) and glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP). The dynamic splitting tensile tests were carried out on PC, FFRP-PC, and GFRP-PC cylinder specimens by the high-speed servo-hydraulic machine, with the impact-induced strain rates ranging from 0.1 to 58 s⁻1. The effect of the FRP confinement, FRP thickness and strain rate on the dynamic splitting tensile behaviour were assessed. The results indicated that similar confinement effectiveness of FFRP and GFRP is observed. The dynamic tensile strength of 1- and 2-layer FFRP-PC increased by 29% and 67%, and the one- and two-layer GFRP-PC increased by 32% and 84%, respectively. FFRP-PC and GFRP-PC cylinders showed less sensitivity to the strain rate compared with PC. The empirical relationship between the tensile DIF and strain rate for PC, FFRP-PC and GFRP-PC was proposed based on experimental data. The proposed model was developed to predict the dynamic splitting tensile strength. The results suggested the potential of FFRP composites applied into concrete structures under extreme dynamic loadings.

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Koenig, Ch R., D. H. Mueller, J. Mueller, and Mircea Calomfirescu. "Fibre-Reinforced Polymers under Impact Load." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1563.

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Structural failure of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) caused by impact is an important factor in product development for the aircraft industry. Therefore it is necessary to obtain knowledge of the mechanisms and of the material loading during and shortly after an impact load. On account of this a Finite-Element-Model was developed with the goal to deduce design rules for impact tolerant composite materials. To verify and validate the Finite-Element-Model it is essential to have information of the state of stress on the surface of the FRP shortly after the impact. An impact test device was developed at the University of Bremen. The time variable, stress and strain conditions in composite plates are measured using photoelastic technique, strain gauges and holographic interferometry.

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Lathamaheswari, R., R. BalaKeerthana, K. Nandhini, B. Parkavi, and A. Nivedha. "Study on GFRP Reinforced Beams under Flexure." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.205.

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Acute shortage of raw materials and deterioration of reinforced concrete structural elements lead to implementation of new substitute materials and innovative technologies. Reinforced Cement Concrete structures are usually reinforced with steel bars which are subjected to corrosion at critical temperature and atmospheric conditions. The structures can also be reinforced with other materials like Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP). In this line Fibre Reinforced Polymer based reinforcement replacing conventional steel rod for a precast element of a prefabricated structure is considered. The precast member cast out of M25 grade concrete reinforced exclusively with locally produced Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars including GFRP stirrups is designed, cast. Flexural behaviour of rectangular concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars and stirrups is examined with two specimens one with conventional sand as fine aggregate and another with quarry dust as fine aggregate. The load at cracking and ultimate, type of failure and crack patterns are observed and compared with those of conventional cement concrete.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

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Homam, Sayed Mukhtar. "Durability of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) used in concrete structures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0023/MQ50345.pdf.

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Huang, Da. "Structural behaviour of two-way fibre reinforced composite slabs." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001450/.

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Innovative new flooring systems utilising lightweight fibre reinforced polymer composite materials may have the significant potential to offer both economic and performance benefits for infrastructure asset owners compared to conventional concrete and steel systems. Over recent years, a range of prototype floor systems using fibre reinforced polymer composites have been developed by researchers at the University of Southern Queensland. However before such structural systems can be widely adopted by industries, fundamental understanding of their behaviour must be improved. Such work will allow for the development of new design and analysis procedures which will enable engineers to efficiently and accurately design and analyse such structures. This dissertation presents an investigation into a new two-way fibre reinforced composite floor slab system. The proposed new two-way slab system is, in essence, a sandwich structure with an innovative hollow core made from a castable particulate filled resin system. The key focus of this dissertation is the development of a new analysis tool to analyse the two-way fibre reinforced composite slab and facilitate subsequent parametric studies into slab configurations for concept refinement. The detailed 3D finite element analyses and experimental investigations are performed to verify the new analysis tool, and provide more detailed insight into the structural behaviour of this new two-way fibre reinforced composite slab. Comparisons with detailed 3D FEA and experiments illustrate that the simplified analysis tool is capable of providing sufficient accuracy for the preliminary analysis of a slab structure. Moreover, the 3D finite element analyses agree well with the experiments, and it is concluded that the behavioural responses of the proposed new slab structure can be reliably predicted. The experimental results show that this new slab concept exhibits quite a robust static behaviour and is likely to have a robust fatigue performance.

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Talukdar, Sudip. "Strengthening of timber beams using externally-bonded sprayed fibre reinforced polymers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/920.

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The use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) has grown in popularity in the construction industry. FRP has proven useful in the retrofit of various types of structural elements. It may be used for the strengthening of beams, the seismic upgrade of walls panels, as well as the jacketing of columns to provide confinement. There exist several methods of FRP application for the case of structural retrofits. These include the application of pre-prepared FRP mats, or application of FRP via the wet lay-up process. However, a new technique developed at the University of British Columbia allows for the application of FRP in the form of a spray. Externally bonded Sprayed FRP (SFRP) is known to increase strength and energy absorption capacity of a retrofitted member as well as, or better than, FRP sheets. However, tests have primarily been carried out on concrete members only. An area of interest, into which not much research has been conducted, is the application of SFRP to timber. Timber bridges are extensively used in many parts of the world. Often due to remoteness and practical constraints, it is impossible to apply FRP sheets to retrofit these bridges. SFRP would be a much easier method of FRP application. This study looked at the application of SFRP to Douglas Fir (D.Fir) Beam specimens subjected to 3-Point Flexural Loading only. The specimens were treated with either a water based (Borocol) or oil borne (Creosote) antifungal preservative prior to being sprayed with FRP. Different combinations of adhesives/bonding agents including Hydroxymethylated Resorcinol and Polymeric Isocyanates were used to try to develop a strong bond. When considering using only chemical adhesives to obtain a proper bond between the two constituents of the composite, use of HMR is recommended for timber which is untreated or has been treated with a water borne preservative such as Borocol, while a pMDI adhesive such as AtPrime 2 is recommended for timber treated with an oil borne preservative such as Creosote. For Non Creosoted beams, adhesives did not generate as significant of a strength gain. For Creosoted beams, adhesives may be sufficient to generate significant strength gain when SFRP is applied to a beam. Considering that most structures in use would probably have been treated with a preservative similar to Creosote, in practice, AtPrime 2 or some other some sort of pMDI would probably be the adhesive of choice. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to say that the application of SFRP to retrofit/rehabilitate timber structures shows considerable promise. If a decent bond is achieved between the composite constituents, it is possible to substantially increase the ultimate flexural strength of the member, as well as drastically increase its ductility and energy absorption capacity. It is recommended that further tests be carried out using different types of loading schemes, geometrical configurations of SFRP, other types of anchorage, and development of a proper analytical model before the method is adopted for widespread use.

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Tao, Yi. "Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened masonry arch structures." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7743.

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Masonry arch bridges have played a significant role in the road and rail transportation network in the world for centuries. They are exposed to damage due to overloading and deterioration caused by environmental actions. In order to reestablish their performance and to prevent their collapse in various hazardous conditions, many of them require strengthening. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) systems are increasingly used for repair and strengthening of structures, with particularly widespread application to concrete structures. However, the application of FRP composites to masonry structures is less well established due to the complexity of masonry caused by the material discontinuity. FRP strengthening masonry arch bridges has been even less studied due to the additional complexity arising from the co-existence of the normal interfacial stress and the shear interfacial stress at the curved FRP-to-masonry bondline. This thesis presents an extensive study investigating the behaviour of FRP strengthened masonry bridges. The study started with a laboratory test of a two span masonry arch bridge with sand backfill. A single ring arch bridge was first tested to near failure, and then repaired by bonding FRP into their intrados and tested to failure. It was found that the FRP strengthening not only improved the loading capacity and stiffness of bridge, but also significantly restrained the opening of cracks in the masonry. Shear and peeling debonding of FRP was observed. There have been two common strategies in finite element (FE) modelling of FRP strengthened structures in meso-scale: direct model and interface model. The former is necessary when investigating the detailed bond behaviour but challenges remain due to the difficulties in concrete modelling. A new concrete damage model based on the plastic degradation theory has been developed in this study to study the bond behaviour of FRP strengthened concrete structure. This robust model can successfully capture this bond behaviour and simulate the entire debonding process. A numerical study of masonry arch bridges including the backfill was conducted to study the behaviour of masonry arch bridge. A total of four modelling strategies were examined and compared. Although they all can successfully predict the behaviour of arch, a detailed solid model newly developed in this study is more suitable for modelling both plain masonry and FRP strengthened structures. Finally, a numerical study of bond behaviour and structural response of FRP strengthened masonry arch structures with sand backfill was conducted. In addition to the masonry and backfill, the mixed mode interfacial behaviour was modelled by the aforementioned interface model strategy and investigated in detail to achieve a deeper understanding of the behaviour of FRP strengthened masonry arch structures. The results are in close agreement with test results, and highlight the influence of the key parameters in the structural response to failure and revealed the mechanisms on how the load is transmitted through this complex multi-component structural system.

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Hall, Tara Stephanie. "Deflections of concrete members reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer, FRP, bars." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ49676.pdf.

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Li, Shiqing. "FRP rupture strains in FRP wrapped columns." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6246.

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Applying lateral confinement to concrete columns using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is a very promising technique. FRP rupture is the typical failure mode of FRP wrapped columns under axial compression. numerous experiments have shown that the FRP rupture strain in an FRP wrapped circular column is significantly lower than the FRP ultimate rupture strain determined from flat coupon test of FRP. Despite a large number of studies on the application of FRP confined columns, the mechanisms and level of lower-than-apparent FRP rupture strain still remain unclear. This thesis presents theoretical, Numerical and experimental studies aiming at developing a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of this phenomenon. A comprehensive literature review was presented providing the background on FRP confined columns, material properties of FRP composites as well as some factors which may lead to premature FRP rupture. A FE analysis was conducted to investigate the FRP hoop strains in the split-disk test, explaining for the first time that the fundamental mechanism of the lower FRP rupture strain in the split-disk test than in the flat coupon test is because strain localisation due to geometric discontinuities at the ends of the FRP and bending of the FRP ring at the gap due to change of curvature caused by the relative moment of the two half disks, as the FRP (as a brittle material) ruptures once the maximum strain at one of these locations reaches the FRP rupture strain. A list of contributory factors affecting the apparent FRP rupture strain in FRP wrapped columns were next identified and classified. An analytical solution was developed to investigate the influence of the triaxial stress state on the FRP strain efficiency, this factor has been shown to have a potentially significant effect on the failure of the FRP wrap but considerable discrepancies exist between predictions using different failure criteria so further research has been identified in this area. FE models were developed to examine the effect of the geometrical discontinuities on the strain efficiency of FRP jackets in FRP wrapped concrete-filled circular steel tubes and FRP wrapped concrete columns. It is demonstrated that severe FRP hoop strain concentrations occur in very small zones near the ends of the FRP wrap in both types of FRP wrapped columns, leading to premature FRP rupture and thus lower strain efficiency. The combined effects of end constraint and FRP overlap on the behaviour of FRP wrapped concrete columns was investigated using a three dimensional FE model considering one half of the length of an FRP-wrapped concrete cylinder. The results have shown that the frication between both ends of a column and the loading platens provides constraints to the ends of the column, but this constraint has little effect on the strain concentration caused by the geometrical discontinuities of the FRP overlap, though the ultimate axial strain of the FRP wrapped columns can be significantly overestimated if the end constraints are not considered.

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Ahmed, Ehab Abdul-Mageed. "Shear behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) stirrups." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1903.

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Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures especially those exposed to harsh environmental conditions such as bridges, concrete pavements, and parking garages. The climatic conditions may have a hand in accelerating the corrosion process when large amounts of salts are used for ice removal during winter season. These conditions normally accelerate the need of costly repairs and may lead, ultimately, to catastrophic failure. Therefore, using the non-corrodible fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials as an alternative reinforcement in prestressed and reinforced concrete structures is becoming a more accepted practice in structural members subjected to severe environmental exposure. This, in turn, eliminates the potential of corrosion and the associated deterioration. Stirrups for shear reinforcement normally enclose the longitudinal reinforcement and are thus the closest reinforcement to the outer concrete surface. Consequently, they are more susceptible to severe environmental conditions and may be subjected to related deterioration, which reduces the service life of the structure. Thus, replacing the conventional stirrups with the non-corrodible FRP ones is a promising aspect to provide more protection for structural members subjected to severe environmental exposure. However, from the design point of view, the direct replacement of steel with FRP bars is not possible due to various differences in the mechanical and physical properties of the FRP materials compared to steel. These differences include higher tensile strength, lower modulus of elasticity, different bond characteristics, and absence of a yielding plateau in the stress-strain relationships of FRP materials. Moreover, the use of FRP as shear reinforcement (stirrups) for concrete members has not been sufficiently explored to provide a rational model and satisfactory guidelines to predict the shear strength of concrete members reinforced with such type of stirrups. An experimental program to investigate the structural performance of FRP stirrups as shear reinforcement for concrete beams was conducted. The experimental program included seven large-scale T-beams reinforced with FRP and steel stirrups. Three beams were reinforced with CFRP stirrups, three beams reinforced with GFRP stirrups, and one beam reinforced with steel stirrups. The geometry of the T-beam was selected to simulate the New England Bulb Tee Beam (NEBT) that is being used by the Ministry of Transportation of Québec (MTQ), Canada. The beams were 7.0 m long with a T-shaped cross section measuring a total height of 700 mm, web width of 180 mm, flange width of 750 mm, and flange thickness of 85 mm. The large-scale T-beams were constructed using normal-strength concrete and tested in four-point bending over a clear span of 6.0 m till failure to investigate the modes of failure and the ultimate capacity of the FRP stirrups in beam action. The test variables considered in this investigation were the material of the stirrups, shear reinforcement ratio, and stirrup spacing. The specimens were designed to fail in shear to utilize the full capacity of the FRP stirrups. Six beams failed in shear due to FRP (carbon and glass) stirrup rupture or steel stirrup yielding. The seventh beam, reinforced with CFRP stirrups spaced at d /4, failed in flexure due to yielding of the longitudinal reinforcement followed by crushing of concrete. The effects of the different test parameters on the shear behaviour of the concrete beams reinforced with FRP stirrups were presented and discussed. The test results contributed to amending the shear provisions incorporated in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA-S6) and the updated provisions were approved in the CSA-S6-Addendum (CSA 2009). An analytical investigation was conducted to evaluate the validity and accuracy of available FRP codes and guidelines in Japan, Europe, and North America. The predictions of the codes and the guidelines were verified against the results of the tested beams as well as 24 other beams reinforced with FRP stirrups from the literature. The tested beams were also analysed using various shear theories including the modified compression field theory (MCFT), the shear friction model (SFM), and the unified shear strength model (USSM). A simple equation for predicting the shear crack width in concrete beams reinforced with FRP stirrups is proposed and verified against the experimentally measured values.

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Youssef, Tarik A. "Time-dependent behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars and FRP reinforced concrete beams under sustained load." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1941.

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An extensive experimental/research program has taken place at the University of Sherbrooke FRP Durability Facility. The program, consisting of four phases, studies the creep performance of FRP bars as well as the overall long-term behaviour of FRP reinforced concrete beams. Phase 1 deals with the creep performance of two types of GFRP bars subjected to different levels of sustained axial load; causing creep rupture at higher levels. In Phase 2, six different types of GFRP bars are tested under two levels of allowable service load, according to the currently available North American standards. The test duration, for the two phases, exceeded 10000 hours (417 days) wherein regular monitoring' of creep strain evolution took place and. the creep coefficient of GFRP bars was calculated. Residual tensile tests and microstructural analysis followed the long-term testing period. It was found that 45 % of the GFRP bars' tensile strength, fu,ave , is a safe limit for GFRP exhibiting sustained load, in standard laboratory conditions. Microstructural analysis shows that the increase in creep strain, after the 10000 hour period, is negligible for GFRP bars under allowable service load. Phase 3 consists of twenty reinforced concrete beams (ten pairs) comprising GFRP, CFRP, and steel reinforcing bars. The dimensions of which are 100 mm x 150 mm x 1800 mm, installed under third-point sustained load, for a period exceeding one year. Exhibiting a maximum applied moment of 25 % of their nominal moment capacity, Mn , all beams were regularly monitored in terms of (i) time-dependent deflection, (ii) strain increase in concrete and reinforcement and (iii) crack widths. Theoretical predictions for immediate deflection were calculated, using three methods (ACI 440.1R-06, CAN/CSA S806-02 and the ISIS Canda Design Manual (2007)), and compared to the obtained experimental results. Results showed that the calculations, regarding immediate deflection, under estimate by 67 %; underestimate by 10 %; overestimate by 11 %, for the aforementioned methods, respectively. The long-term to immediate deflection ratio, .l, was calculated for all beams and compared to ACI 440.1R-06 and CAN/CSA S806-02 predictions. Results showed that the North American standards are conservative as regards long-term deflection prediction. Immediate crack width results were compared to the prediction equations adopted by ACI 440.1R-06 and CAN/CSA S6-06, on the one hand, and by the ISIS Canada Design Manual (2007) on the other hand. Satisfactory results were found when the k b bond-coefficient factor is taken as 1.2 and 1.0, respectively. From the obtained data, the time-dependent kt multiplier, accounting for crack width increase after one year, was deduced as 1.7 and 1.5 for both models, respectively. Phase 4 deals with four full-scale GFRP reinforced concrete beams, of dimensions (215 mm x 400 mm x 4282 mm), subjected to uniform distributed load for a period of six months. Sizeable concrete blocks (of dimensions 610 mm x 762 mm x 1219 mm and weight = 13334 kN) were arranged on top of the beams to simulate sustained uniform distributed load. The main study parameters, of this phase, are (i) bottom reinforcement ratio and (ii) type of upper/compression reinforcement (GFRP and/or steel). The applied moment ranges from 15 to 21 % of the nominal moment capacity for the beams. Numerical modelling took place using a computer program (Fortran-2003) based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method, to predict the long-term deflection of the beams. The creep and shrinkage coefficients were calculated based on the ACI Committee 209 recommendations (1992) and CEB-FIP Model Code (1990). The theoretical curves were in very good agreement with the measured values. Furthermore, the empirical models available in ACI 440.1R-06 and CAN/CSA S806-02 were used for long-term deflection prediction. These predictions showed that both models can serve as upper bound and lower bound limits for the measured long-term deflection curves, respectively. As regards crack width prediction, the equations adopted by ACI 440.1R-06 (same as that of CAN/CSA S6-06) and by the ISIS Canada Design Manual (2007) yield satisfactory results when the kb bond-coefficient factor is 1.2 and 1.0 respectively (similar to phase 3). For both equations the time-dependent kt multiplier is deduced as 1.4, after six months.--Résumé abrégé par UMI.

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Shehata, Emile F. G. "Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) for shear reinforcement in concrete structures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/NQ41626.pdf.

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Quayyum, Shahriar. "Bond behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars in concrete." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26242.

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Recently, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars have been extensively used in construction instead of steel rebars due to their non-corrosive nature and high tensile strength. Bond between FRP rebars and concrete is a critical design parameter that controls the performance of reinforced concrete members at serviceability and ultimate limit states. In order to prevent a bond failure, an adequate anchorage length should be provided. The anchorage length is derived using a bond stress-slip ( ) constitutive law. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different parameters such as the type of fibre, the rebar surface and the confinement provided by the transverse reinforcement on the bond behaviour of FRP rebars in concrete. Based on the analysis, a generalized bond stress-slip relationship will be developed and a new design equation for the required anchorage length of FRP rebar in concrete will be derived. A database was created on the bond stress-slip behaviour of FRP rebars in concrete from the available literature up to 2009. The data was statistically analyzed to investigate the effect of the different parameters on the bond performance of FRP rebars. It was observed that an increase in the confinement provided by the transverse reinforcement increased the bond strength of FRP rebars in concrete. This signifies that the presence of transverse reinforcement affects the bond behaviour of FRP rebars in concrete and hence, it should be taken into consideration while developing design equations for FRP rebars. Type of fibre and rebar surface does not affect the bond stress, but the latter affects the slip corresponding to the peak bond stress. Based on the results, a nonlinear regression analysis was performed to develop the bond stress-slip model for splitting mode of failure and a design equation for determining the development length of the FRP rebars in concrete was derived. The proposed development length equation can save about 10%-15% of the development length than that required by different code equations. This can save a considerable amount of FRP materials, which will eventually reduce the overall cost of construction and thereby, encourage the use of FRP reinforcing bars in the construction of concrete structures.

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Books on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

1

Homam, Sayed Mukhtar. Durability of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) used in concrete structures. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Wong, Rita Sheung Ying. Towards modelling of reinforced concrete members with externally-bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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International, Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (7th 2005 Kansas City Mo ). 7th international symposium, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures. Farmington Hills, Mich: American Concrete Institute, 2005.

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Kiang-Hwee, Tan, ed. Fibre-reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete structures: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-6), Singapore 8-10 July, 2003. Singapore: World Scientific, 2003.

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Belarbi, Abdeldjelil. Design of FRP systems for strengthening concrete girders in shear. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2011.

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International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (7th 2005 Kansas City, Missouri). Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures: [proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium of the Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-7), Kansas City, Missouri, November 6-9, 2005. Edited by Shield Carol K. Farmington Hills, Mich: American Concrete Institute, 2005.

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Jain, Ravi, and Luke Lee, eds. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Infrastructure Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2357-3.

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Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013.

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International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering., ed. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich: IABSE, 2003.

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Conroy, Amanda. Recycling fibre reinforced polymers in the construction industry. Watford: CRC, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

1

Correia, João Ramôa. "Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites." In Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering, 501–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08236-3_11.

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Kumar, B. Bala Murali, Yun Chung Hsueh, Zhuoyang Xin, and Dan Luo. "Process and Evaluation of Automated Robotic Fabrication System for In-Situ Structure Confinement." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 368–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_34.

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AbstractThe additive manufacturing process is gaining momentum in the construction industry with the rapid progression of large-scale 3D printed technologies. An established method of increasing the structural performance of concrete is by wrapping it with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This paper proposes a novel additive process to fabricate a FRP formwork by dynamic layer winding of the FRP fabric with epoxy resin paired with an industrial scale robotic arm. A range of prototypes were fabricated to explore and study the fabrication parameters. Based on the systemic exploration, the limitations, the scope, and the feasibility of the proposed additive manufacturing method is studied for large scale customisable structural formworks.

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Käseberg, Stefan, and Klaus Holschemacher. "Smart CFRP Systems— Fiber Bragg Gratings for Fiber Reinforced Polymers." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 252–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_53.

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Savardekar, S. K., R. Jamaji, and K. R. Raikar. "Structural Remediation of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Walls of Heritage Palace Building with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 456–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_98.

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Benmokrane, B., and H. Mohamed. "Use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars for building durable concrete infrastructure." In Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 1518–23. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315641645-249.

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Nagasree, Puppala Siva, Koona Ramji, Killi Krushna Murthy, Mantri Kannam Naidu, and Tammareddy Haritha. "Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Nanocomposites for Radar Absorption Application in the X-Band." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 409–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1124-0_35.

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Qureshi, Jawed. "Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) in Civil Engineering." In Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107926.

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Construction produces a third of global carbon emissions. These emissions cause global warming and contribute to climate emergency. There is a need to encourage use of sustainable and eco-friendly materials to effectively deal with climate emergency. Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an eco-friendly material with low-carbon footprint. FRP composites in civil engineering are mainly used in three applications: (1) FRP profiles in new-build; (2) FRP-reinforcing bar in concrete members and (3) FRP in repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. This chapter presents basic properties of constituent materials (fibres and polymer resins), mechanical properties of FRP bars, strengthening systems and profiles, manufacturing processes and civil engineering applications of FRP composites. Durability, sustainability and recycling of FRP composites are also discussed.

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"Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 400. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_4786.

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"Nondestructive Mechanical Properties of FRP." In Durability of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers, 33–38. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527811984.ch4.

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"Static and Fatigue Strengths of FRP." In Durability of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers, 39–53. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527811984.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

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Ghoshal, Abhishek, Adnan Khan, Moosa Zahid, Salman Pervaiz, and Sathish Kannan. "Reviewing Machinability of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)/Metallic Stacks Using MQL." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10961.

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Abstract Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted techniques are gaining popularity because of their lower environmental impact and cost effectiveness. Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) are mainly utilized in the aerospace and automotive sectors, because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high corrosion resistance, high modulus to weight ratio and improved tensile strength. Besides that, they are extremely light weight and suitable for structural applications. For fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites, all of these properties in combination provide superior functional performance. In a wide range of applications dissimilar material stack-ups of composites and aluminum and/or titanium are used for wing or tail plane structures. Mostly these fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites are drilled to provide options for their assembly with other components. However, machining of these fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites is very hectic task. It is due to their high abrasive nature and high heat resistance. In this paper, the machinability of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites was explored and reviewed when machined using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The study was conducted by systematic selection of experimental and numerical studies from the latest published literature in state of the art. The study reviewed the effects of different parameters on the tool wear, thrust force, work-piece hole diameter, burr height and chip formation. The study provides critical insights about the potential and understanding of machining fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted methods.

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George, Jerin Mathew, Mehrdad Kimiaei, and Mohamed Elchalakani. "Experimental Study on Structural Rehabilitation of Severely Damaged I-Beams Using Fibre Reinforced Polymers." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-60938.

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Abstract Fixed and Floating Offshore structures commonly utilize I-beams as structural components withstanding distributed loads on their decks or inside hulls. These structural members get damaged due to the corrosive marine environment leading to a condition in which they need replacement or rehabilitation. Such situations are not desirable as it will incur monetary losses directly with replacement or repair costs and indirectly through operational losses due to shut down for hot repair works. A safe and economical alternative for structural rehabilitation of damaged I-beams is using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. An experimental investigation on the feasibility of repair of a heavily damaged I-beam using two different types of FRPs is presented. The severe damage in the I-beam was artificially introduced by removing both flanges and the web for 300 mm in the mid-span of 1800 mm long I-beam. Four-point bending tests under static loads were performed until failure of the beam. The first repair was done using carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and the second one utilized glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP). The CFRP repaired specimen showed 277% improvement from the damaged state whereas the GFRP repair improved 248% in terms of the ultimate strength. A comparison of the behaviour between CFRP and GFRP repair is also highlighted in the study. Various parameters like stiffness, ductility, load-displacement behaviour and failure modes of these FRP repairs for damaged I-beams are discussed in detail. Overall, the results from the study portray the adequacy of an FRP rehabilitation to reinstate the strength from such structural damages in I-beams.

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Veltkamp, Martijn, and Arnoud Haffmans. "New concepts in movable lightweight bridges in fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.1283.

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Yaqub, Muhammad Arslan, Stijn Matthys, and Christoph Czaderski. "Advancements in shear strengthening of prestressed concrete I-girders using fiber reinforced polymers." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1746.

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<p>A number of attempts were made by different researchers in the last couple of decades to strengthen prestressed concrete (PC) I-girders in shear using externally bonded FRP (fibre reinforced polymer) reinforcement. The unanimous observation reported in the literature is the early debonding of FRP shear reinforcement around the internal angles of the I-section. Because of this undesirable phenomenon, the strength of the FRP is utilized inefficiently. This paper gives an overview of the techniques utilized in the past and their relative performance in order to develop a rational solution to the debonding problem, particularly for I-sections. The anchoring techniques used in the past includes different types of FRP anchors as well as mechanical anchors to protect FRP shear reinforcement from debonding on the I-section. It can be concluded that the definite solution to the debonding problem on I-sections has not been obtained yet. This is because of the complex failure modes of FRP shear reinforcement and PC I-girders.</p>

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Yaqub, Muhammad Arslan, Stijn Matthys, and Christoph Czaderski. "Advancements in shear strengthening of prestressed concrete I-girders using fiber reinforced polymers." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1746.

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<p>A number of attempts were made by different researchers in the last couple of decades to strengthen prestressed concrete (PC) I-girders in shear using externally bonded FRP (fibre reinforced polymer) reinforcement. The unanimous observation reported in the literature is the early debonding of FRP shear reinforcement around the internal angles of the I-section. Because of this undesirable phenomenon, the strength of the FRP is utilized inefficiently. This paper gives an overview of the techniques utilized in the past and their relative performance in order to develop a rational solution to the debonding problem, particularly for I-sections. The anchoring techniques used in the past includes different types of FRP anchors as well as mechanical anchors to protect FRP shear reinforcement from debonding on the I-section. It can be concluded that the definite solution to the debonding problem on I-sections has not been obtained yet. This is because of the complex failure modes of FRP shear reinforcement and PC I-girders.</p>

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STAAL, JEROEN, BARIS CAGLAR, and VÉRONIQUE MICHAUD. "RADICAL INDUCED CATIONIC FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION FOR RAPID OUT-OF-AUTOCLAVE PROCESSING OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36384.

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Radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) is considered as a promising method for processing of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). Optimization of the local heat flow is required to pave the way for its adaptation to an industrial processing method. In this work we present an overview on the role of the mold design on the frontal polymerization characteristics and resulting chemical properties. Mold properties were found of significant influence on the front characteristics. Highly insulating molds allowed for the highest front temperatures and velocities while consequent delayed cooling is suggested beneficial for the monomer conversion in neat polymer and FRP systems. An optimized mold configuration was subsequently used for FRP production, allowing for self-sustaining RICFP in FRPs with fiber volume fractions (Vfs) up to 45.8%. A processing window was moreover defined relating the Vf and required heat generation to the potential formation of a self-sustaining or supported front.

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7

Lušo, Robert, and Tomislav Kišiček. "Anchoring textile reinforced mortars (TRM) and fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) during strengthening of reinforced concrete and masonry structures." In 4th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2018.19.

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SHAHEEN, H., T. RAKIB, Y. HASHEM, I. SHAABAN, and A. ABDELRAHMAN. "BEHAVIOUR OF RC COLUMNS RETROFITTED BY FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS UNDER CYCLIC LOADS." In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS–6). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704863_0062.

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Mongare, Alfred, and Donghyeon Ryu. "Delamination Detection in Fiber-Reinforced Polymers Using Mechanoluminescence-Optoelectronic Strain Sensor." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68397.

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Abstract Structural health monitoring (SHM) uses a network of sensors to be instrumented at critical locations in aerospace structures for timely damage detection. Some advanced technologies have been suggested for delamination detection of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, these advanced sensors still suffer from dependency on an external power source. In particular, for cases where a large network of sensors is instrumented, power consumption by the sensor network may overwhelm the entire aerospace structural systems. To overcome the issue due to energy dependency of the state-of-the-art sensor technologies, self-powered sensors are needed for delamination detection in FRP of aerospace structures. In this study, a direct current (DC)-based strain sensor is suggested using multifunctional mechanoluminescent-optoelectronic (MLO) composites to be used for detection of delamination in FRP. First, an MLO-based strain sensor is fabricated using two functional materials: mechano-luminescent (ML) copper-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu)-based elastomeric composites and mechano-optoelectronic (MO) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based thin films. Second, the sensor is then subjected to uniaxial sinusoidal cyclic loadings in a load frame and tested by varying strains and a constant loading rate to validate its DC-based strain sensing capability. DC responses are recorded during the cyclic loadings. Last, delamination detection in FRP is validated using the MLO sensor that is placed on an FRP test coupon, where pre-crack is formed to initiate delamination. The MLO-FRP specimen is subjected to cyclic loadings using 3-point bending test setup with varying maximum strains. The DC generated from MLO sensor is measured and compared to parameters calculated for assessing severity of delamination.

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Nissle, Sebastian, Moritz Hübler, Martin Gurka, Sebastian Schmeer, and Nikolai Voll. "Integration of Shape Memory Alloy Wires in Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Endless Crash Absorber Structures." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7467.

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Today in most cases crash absorber elements are made of metals. Those materials absorb the energy during a crash event by ductile plastification, as e.g. by buckling. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) offer due to their heterogenic structure several failure mechanisms for energy absorption under compressive load, such as fiber-break, matrix-break, delamination, fiber pull-out, fiber-matrix-interphase failure and friction processes. This in combination with the low density leads to significantly better specific energy absorption of FRP absorbers (50 J/g to 200 J/g FRP, 20 J/g steel, 40 J/g aluminum). But in case of tensile load fiber reinforced polymers break brittle and the energy absorption level is low. Today as a consequence of rising energy costs FRP with their good specific mechanic properties are used more and more also for crash relevant structures as in automobiles and aircrafts. For this applications a good crash behavior in both cases, compressive and tensile loading, is important. The integration of metal elements in FRP-structures offers the possibility to improve the tensile crash behavior of fiber reinforced polymers as the metal elements can prevent a catastrophic failure of the structure in case of FRP-break and distributes the load during tensile deformation on a larger FRP volume. The integration of shape memory alloys (SMA) with their pseudoplastic martensitic detwinning plateau allows for manufacturing of an “endless” crash absorber in case of tensile load. Required is a well dimensioned structure of shape memory alloys, e.g. a wire mesh, the FRP component and their interface. Doing so, it is possible to get huge number of breaks in the SMA reinforced FRP. The pseudoplastic detwinning plateau and the huge strain hardening of the SMA material ensure that after a FRP-break and the drop of the force level associated therewith the force level in the whole structure raises again so that another FRP-break is initiated. Also the reinforcement prevents a complete failure of the structure. In this contribution we present a theoretical extrapolation of the behavior of these new hybrid structures under tensile loading, give an estimation of their potential and demonstrate a first experimental validation of this new concept.

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Reports on the topic "Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP)"

1

Dissanayake, N. Assessment of Data Quality in Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. National Physical Laboratory, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mat106.

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Bell, Matthew, Rob Ament, Damon Fick, and Marcel Huijser. Improving Connectivity: Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Structures for Wildlife, Bicyclists, and/or Pedestrians. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.09.

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Engineers and ecologists continue to explore new methods and adapt existing techniques to improve highway mitigation measures that increase motorist safety and conserve wildlife species. Crossing structures, overpasses and underpasses, combined with fences, are some of the most highly effective mitigation measures employed around the world to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals, increase motorist safety, and maintain habitat connectivity across transportation networks for many other types and sizes of wildlife. Published research on structural designs and materials for wildlife crossings is limited and suggests relatively little innovation has occurred. Wildlife crossing structures for large mammals are crucial for many highway mitigation strategies, so there is a need for new, resourceful, and innovative techniques to construct these structures. This report explored the promising application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to a wildlife crossing using an overpass. The use of FRP composites has increased due to their high strength and light weight characteristics, long service life, and low maintenance costs. They are highly customizable in shape and geometry and the materials used (e.g., resins and fibers) in their manufacture. This project explored what is known about FRP bridge structures and what commercial materials are available in North America that can be adapted for use in a wildlife crossing using an overpass structure. A 12-mile section of US Highway 97 (US-97) in Siskiyou County, California was selected as the design location. Working with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), a site was selected for the FRP overpass design where it would help reduce WVCs and provide habitat connectivity. The benefits of a variety of FRP materials have been incorporated into the US-97 crossing design, including in the superstructure, concrete reinforcement, fencing, and light/sound barriers on the overpass. Working with Caltrans helped identify the challenges and limitations of using FRP materials for bridge construction in California. The design was used to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCCs) of using FRP materials for wildlife infrastructure compared to traditional materials (e.g., concrete, steel, and wood). The preliminary design of an FRP wildlife overpass at the US-97 site provides an example of a feasible, efficient, and constructible alternative to the use of conventional steel and concrete materials. The LCC analysis indicated the preliminary design using FRP materials could be more cost effective over a 100-year service life than ones using traditional materials.

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Duthinh, Dat. Connections of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) structural members:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6532.

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Poole, M., and M. Gower. Mechanical Characterisation of 3D Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Composites. National Physical Laboratory, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mgpg151.

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Hastak, Makarand, Daniel Halpin, and TaeHoon Hong. Constructability, Maintainability, and Operability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bridge Deck Panels. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313163.

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Pevey, Jon M., William B. Rich, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 1–Review of Current FRP Repair Systems and Application Methodologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317309.

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Abstract:

For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to extend the service lives of bridges efficiently and safely. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (1) summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (2) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (3) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with a focus on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.

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Rich, William B., Robert R. Jacobs, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 2–FRP Flexural Strengthening and End Region Repair Experimental Programs. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317310.

Full text

Abstract:

For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to efficiently and safely extend the service lives of bridges. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommendations for the use of FRP in the state for the repair and strengthening of bridges. The details of the research are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 provides the details of a study conducted to (i) summarize the state-of-the-art for the application of FRP to concrete bridges, (ii) identify successful examples of FRP implementation for concrete bridges in the literature and examine past applications of FRP in Indiana through case studies, and (iii) better understand FRP usage and installation procedures in the Midwest and Indiana through industry surveys. Volume 2 presents two experimental programs that were conducted to develop and evaluate various repair and strengthening methodologies used to restore the performance of deteriorated concrete bridge beams. The first program investigated FRP flexural strengthening methods, with focus placed on adjacent box beam bridges. The second experimental program examined potential techniques for repairing deteriorated end regions of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Externally bonded FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP were considered in both programs.

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Spetsieris, N., and D. Edser. Framework for dynamic uncertainty budget evolution for mode I fracture toughness measurements of fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites: a user’s guide to uncertainty budget calculation tool. National Physical Laboratory, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mat104.

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STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STAINLESS STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALL STRENGTHENED BY CORRUGATED FRP. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.305.

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Abstract:

In this paper, the mechanical properties of stainless steel plate shear walls reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) of corrugated sections were studied. Two scaled FRP-stainless steel plate shear wall specimens were designed and subjected to the monotonic horizontal load. FRPs in the form of corrugated and flat sections were respectively used to reinforce the embedded steel plates of the steel plate shear wall. The test results show that the failure mode of flat FRP reinforced steel plate shear wall is mainly the peeling of the FRP, while the failure mode of corrugated FRP reinforced steel plate shear wall is mainly the tensile fracture of the FRP. The out-of-plane deformation of steel plate reinforced with corrugated FRP can be effectively restrained. The maximum bearing capacity of the two specimens is 97.96 kN and 106.32 kN respectively. The yield load of the specimen with corrugated FRP is increased by 16.5%, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased by 9.3% and the stiffness is increased by 68%.

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