Journal articles: 'Fibre reinforced plastics testing'

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Reynolds, W. N. "Nondestructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics composites." NDT International 21, no. 1 (February 1988): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(88)90399-9.

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Jüptner, Werner. "Non-destructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics." Measurement 12, no. 1 (October 1993): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2241(93)90038-j.

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Marshall, I. H. "Non-destructive Testing of Fibre-reinforced Plastics Composites." Composite Structures 10, no. 3 (January 1988): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(88)90024-4.

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Bhedasgaonkar, Rahul. "Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties Testing of Hybrid Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43877.

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Abstract: A composite material is a materials system made up of two or more micro or macro elements with different forms and chemical compositions that are largely insoluble in one another. It basically comprises of two phases: matrix and fiber. Polymers, ceramics, and metals such as nylon, glass, graphite, Aluminium oxide, boron, and aluminium are examples of fibres. In the present research work epoxy is used as matrix and Bamboo, Sugarcane Bagasse and Coconut fibre are used as fibres for preparing the composites. In the preparation of specimen, the fibre as taken as a continuous fibre. The fibre is treated with NaOH solution. Hybrid natural fibre reinforced composites of bamboo, sugarcane baggase and coconut coir has been prepared using hand lay-up process of composite manufacturing. These hybrid composites were tested for determining their tensile and impact strengths. Results of mechanical testing reveals that the tensile strength of Bamboo- Bagasse hybrid composite is more compared to other composites. Taking into consideration of enhanced tensile and impact strength of bamboo-bagasse hybrid natural fibre polymer composite, we recommend the use of hybrid bamboo-bagasse composite in manufacturing of automotive bodies. Because of their unique characteristics of recyclability, waste utilization, biodegradability, good strength, and a viable alternative to plastics, these composites can be used for a variety of applications

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Reynolds, W. N. "Nondestructive testing of fibre-reinforced plastics composites, volume I." Composites 19, no. 2 (March 1988): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(88)90732-x.

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Maier, G., H. Ott, H. Kreil, and R. Stelter. "Testing of wet fibre-reinforced plastics at elevated temperatures." Composites 20, no. 5 (September 1989): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(89)90216-4.

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Finch, Robert D. "Non‐destructive Testing of Fibre‐reinforced Plastics Composites, Vol. 2." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 3 (September 1992): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403883.

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McEwan, W. "Non-destructive Testing of Fibre Reinforced Plastics Composites. Vol. 2." Composite Structures 18, no. 4 (January 1991): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(91)90006-k.

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Ciecieląg, Krzysztof, Krzysztof Kęcik, Agnieszka Skoczylas, Jakub Matuszak, Izabela Korzec, and Radosław Zaleski. "Non-Destructive Detection of Real Defects in Polymer Composites by Ultrasonic Testing and Recurrence Analysis." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 7335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207335.

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This paper presents results of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs). First, ultrasonic C-scan analysis was used to detect real defects inside the composite materials. Next, the composite materials were subjected to drilling in the area of defect formation, and measured forces were used to analyse the drilling process using recurrence methods. Results have confirmed that recurrence methods can be used to detect defects formed inside a composite material during machining.

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Niranjan, Raja R., S. Junaid Kokan, R. Sathya Narayanan, S. Rajesh, V. M. Manickavasagam, and B. Vijaya Ramnath. "Fabrication and Testing of Abaca Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automotive Applications." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.63.

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The natural fibre composite materials are nowadays playing a vital role in replacing the conventional and synthetic materials for industrial applications. This paper proposes a natural fiber composite made of Abaca fibre as reinforcing agent with Epoxy resin as the matrix, manufactured using Hand Lay-up method. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (woven rovings) are used to improve the surface finish and impart more strength and stiffness to natural fibers. In this work, the fibers are arranged in alternative layers of abaca in horizontal and vertical orientation. The mechanical properties of the composite are determined by testing the samples for tensile and flexural strength. It is observed that the tensile strength of the composite material is dependent on the strength of the natural fiber and also on the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The composite is developed for automobile dashboard/mudguard application. It may also be extended to biomedical, electronics and sports goods manufacturing. It can also be used in marine products due to excellent resistance of abaca to salt water damage since the tensile strength when it is wet.

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Abbasi, A., and P. J. Hogg. "Fire testing of concrete beams with fibre reinforced plastic rebar." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 37, no. 8 (August 2006): 1142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.029.

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Chegdani, Faissal, Sabeur Mezghani, and Mohamed El Mansori. "Correlation between mechanical scales and analysis scales of topographic signals under milling process of natural fibre composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 19 (November 13, 2016): 2743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316676625.

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This article aims to find the relation between the multiscale mechanical structure of natural fibre reinforced plastic composites and the analysis scales in the topographic signals of machined surfaces as induced by profile milling process. Bamboo, sisal and miscanthus fibres reinforced polypropylene composites were considered in this study. The multiscale process signature of natural fibre reinforced plastic machined surfaces based on wavelet decomposition was determined. Then, the impact of wavelet function was inspected by testing different wavelet shapes. Finally, the analysis of variance was carried out to exhibit the contribution rate of fibre stiffness and tool feed on the machined surface roughness at each analysis scale. Results demonstrate that studying the machining of natural fibre reinforced plastic requires the selection of the relevant scales. They show also the insignificance of the wavelet choice. This study proves that the contribution rate of fibre stiffness and tool feed on machined surface roughness is significantly dependent on the analysis scales, which are directly related to the mechanical properties of natural fibres structure inside the composite.

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Barker, A. J., and V. Balasundaram. "Compression testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics exposed to humid environments." Composites 18, no. 3 (July 1987): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(87)90411-3.

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Rashedi, Ahmad, Riadh Marzouki, Ali Raza, Khawar Ali, Niyi Gideon Olaiya, and Mayandi Kalimuthu. "Glass FRP-Reinforced Geopolymer Based Columns Comprising Hybrid Fibres: Testing and FEA Modelling." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020324.

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This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of glass-FRP-reinforced geopolymer concrete columns integrating hybrid fibres (GFGC columns) and steel bar-reinforced geopolymer concrete columns incorporating hybrid fibres (SFGC columns) under eccentric and concentric loadings. Steel fibre (SF) and polypropylene fibres (PF) are two types of fibres that are mixed into hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete (HFRGC). Eighteen circular concrete columns with a cross-section of 300 mm × 1200 mm were cast and examined under axial loading up to failure. Nine columns were cast with glass-FRP rebars, whereas the other nine were cast with steel rebars. Using ABAQUS, a nonlinear finite element model was established for the GFGC and SFGC columns. The HFRGC material was modelled using a simplified concrete damage plasticity model, whereas the glass-FRP material was simulated as a linear elastic material. It was observed that GFGC columns had up to 20% lower axial strength (AST) and up to 24% higher ductility indices than SFGC columns. The failure modes of both GFGC and SFGC columns were analogous. Both GFGC and SFGC columns revealed the same effect of eccentricity in the form of a decline in AST. A novel statistical model was suggested for predicting the AST of GFGC columns. The outcomes of the experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical results show that the models can accurately determine the AST of GFGC columns.

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Jędral, Arnold, and Anna Bona. "Validation of Microscopy Measured Porosity in Carbon Fibbers Composites." Journal of KONES 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0093.

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AbstractOne of the most common defects in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) is porosity. Too much of those defects could be serious problems to mechanical properties, which directly take effect on elements safety, like aircrafts. Therefore, the evaluation of porosity is very important test. Microscopic observations are widely used as a quality instrument in materials and constructions inspections. Cross section image of a material is easy to prepare and analyse. Porosity of a carbon fibre reinforced plastic can be clearly spot in such kind of images. Study shows that in the most cases porosity appear between layers of fibres, rather between fibres. Unfortunately, image from microscope is only 2D picture from a small representative region. Because of that, comparison of 2D image to a real porosity distribution in all volume of a material is very difficult. To verify 2D microscopic observation method is necessary to perform another kind of tests. In this article, authors focused on non-destructive (NDT) and destructive testing methods. 2D porosity images from light microscope were compared with three different testing methods: ultrasonic test (UT), computed tomography (CT) test and constituent content of composite materials standard test method according to ASTM D3171 – 15, procedure B. Porosity results obtained from dissolution of resin from the carbon-epoxy resin sample.

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Horta Muñoz, Sergio, and María del Carmen Serna Moreno. "Advances in Cruciform Biaxial Testing of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040686.

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The heterogeneity and anisotropy of fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites results in a highly complex mechanical response and failure under multiaxial loading states. Among the different biaxial testing techniques, tests with cruciform specimens have been a preferred option, although nowadays, they continue to raise a lack of consensus. It is therefore necessary to review the state of the art of this testing methodology applied to fibre-reinforced polymers. In this context, aspects such as the specific constituents, the geometric design of the specimen or the application of different tensile/compressive load ratios must be analysed in detail before being able to establish a suitable testing procedure. In addition, the most significant results obtained in terms of the analytical, numerical and experimental analyses of the biaxial tests with cruciform specimens are collected. Finally, significant modifications proposed in literature are detailed, which can lead to variants or adaptations of the tests with cruciform specimens, increasing their scope.

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Van den Abeele, F., and M. Di Biagio. "Design of crack arrestors for ultra high grade gas transmission pipelines: material selection, testing and modelling." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2011): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v2i2.20527.

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One of the major challenges in the design of ultra high grade (X100) gas pipelines is the identification of areliable crack propagation strategy. Recent research results have shown that the newly developed highstrength and large diameter gas pipelines, when operated at severe conditions, may not be able to arrest arunning ductile crack through pipe material properties. Hence, the use of crack arrestors is required in thedesign of safe and reliable pipeline systems.A conventional crack arrestor can be a high toughness pipe insert, or a local joint with higher wall thickness.According to experimental results of full-scale burst tests, composite crack arrestors are one of the mostpromising technologies. Such crack arrestors are made of fibre reinforced plastics which provide the pipewith an additional hoop constraint. In this paper, the material selection, testing and modelling for the designof composite crack arrestors is presented.First, an overview of the most commonly used (integral and non-integral) crack arrestors is given, indicatingthat fibre reinforced devices are one the most promising solutions to arrest running fractures. Then, materialcharacterization of unidirectional fibre glass reinforced epoxy is addressed to measure the orthotropicproperties of this composite material. Traditional mechanical characterization is compared with a nondestructive testing method to measure the elastic constants of the composite material. In the end,micromechanics of fibre reinforced plastics is applied to predict the material properties. The theoreticalpredictions are compared with experimental values.In an accompanying paper, numerical tools to simulate crack initiation, propagation and arrest for this typeof crack arrestors are introduced. The combination of numerical simulation and experimental researchallows deriving design guidelines for composite crack arrestors.

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Harper, J. F., N. A. Miller, and S. C. Yap. "Problems associated with the compression testing of fibre reinforced plastic composites." Polymer Testing 12, no. 1 (1993): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9418(93)90023-i.

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Ashir, Moniruddoza, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of shape memory alloy-based adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics by means of open reed weaving technology." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 15-16 (April 21, 2020): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420920941.

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The functionalization of fiber-reinforced plastics has been improved continuously in recent years in order to broaden their application potential. By using shape memory alloys in fiber-reinforced plastics, adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics can be developed, which in turn can change their shape depending on the activation of shape memory alloys. In order to ensure the proper force transmission from shape memory alloys to fiber-reinforced plastic, these shape memory alloys need to be integrated into the reinforcing fabric. Hence, this paper presents the application of open reed weaving technology for the development of functionalized preforms for adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics. For an optimized shape memory effect during their thermal induced activation, the shape memory alloys were coated with release agent and then integrated into the woven fabric by open reed weaving technology. The hinged width of functionalized preforms was varied from 50 mm to 150 mm. These preforms were infused by a thermosetting resin matrix system with a modifier. Subsequently, the electro-mechanical testing of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was executed. Results show that the maximum deformation of adaptive fiber-reinforced plastics was proportional to their hinged width.

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Andoh, Prince Yaw, Charles Kofi Kafui Sekyere, Godwin Kafui Ayetor, and Michael Nii Sackey. "Fabrication and Testing of a Low-Cost Wind Turbine Blade using Bamboo Reinforced Recycled Plastic." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v2i2.212.

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Wind energy, as a sustainable energy option is gaining research attention due to its price competitiveness relative to conventional energy sources. This study presents the fabrication and testing of a low-cost wind turbine blade using bamboo fibre with recycled plastic. Bamboo fibre was extracted from raw bamboo and combined with adequately conditioned Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (RHDPE) to form a composite which is 25% bamboo fibre and 75% RHDPE. The composite materials was then used to fabricate a turbine blade which was tested and the results compared with typical performance indices for a turbine blade made of fibre glass for comparative analysis. The turbine blades were installed at a height of 10 meters at the test site and monitored. Results showed the energy per unit cost (kWh) for the composite material was lower than that of the glass fibre with a life cycle of 107 for glass fibre and 106 cycles for the bamboo plastic. Stress and deformation analysis showed a higher value for glass fiber compared with the composite material. It can be deduced that composite material matrix possesses the desired properties and energy per unit cost ratio for consideration in building wind turbine blades.

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Lin, Jeng-Shyong. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Tensile Strength of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 5 (July 2003): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100503.

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Improvement of the interfacial adhesion by heat treatment of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite was studied. Polypropylene blended with glass fibres was injection-molded. The molded parts were heat treated at various temperatures for various times. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the resulting samples was performed including measurement of the critical fibre length, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the critical fibre length increases while the tensile strength decreases with increasing testing temperature. At 25 and 80°C, heat treatment can improve the tensile strength. At or above 120°C, certain treatment conditions cause the tensile strength to drop significantly.

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Torres, F. G., and C. L. Aragon. "Final product testing of rotational moulded natural fibre-reinforced polyethylene." Polymer Testing 25, no. 4 (June 2006): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.03.010.

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Elbadry, Elsayed A., GA Abdalla, M. Aboraia, and EA Oraby. "Notch sensitivity of short and 2D plain woven glass fibres reinforced with different polymer matrix composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 15 (April 7, 2017): 1092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417702529.

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This research article investigated the notch sensitivity of two different glass fibre architectures, namely short and 2D plain-woven glass fibres reinforced with unsaturated polyester and epoxy matrix composites fabricated by the hand lay-up technique. This was carried out through open hole tension tests at different ratios of the specimen hole diameter to the specimen with three different values (0.1, 0.2, 0.5) compared to the unnotched specimen. The notch sensitivity of these composites was evaluated using the residual tensile strength by the application of Whitney–Nuismer Mathematical Model. The results showed that by using polyester matrix, the notch sensitivity of composites reinforced with plain-woven glass fibre is higher than that of short glass fibre at different D/W ratios. On the other hand, on testing epoxy matrixes, the notch sensitivity of composites reinforced with plain-woven glass fibre is lower than that of short glass fibre at different D/W ratios.

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Zaghloul, Mahmoud Yousry, Moustafa Mahmoud Yousry Zaghloul, and Mai Mahmoud Yousry Zaghloul. "Influence of Stress Level and Fibre Volume Fraction on Fatigue Performance of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composites." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132662.

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Fibre-reinforced polymeric composite materials are becoming substantial and convenient materials in the repair and replacement of traditional metallic materials due to their high stiffness. The composites undergo different types of fatigue loads during their service life. The drive to enhance the design methodologies and predictive models of fibre-reinforced polymeric composite materials subjected to fatigue stresses is reliant on more precise and reliable techniques for assessing their fatigue life. The influences of fibre volume fraction and stress level on the fatigue performance of glass fibre-reinforced polyester (GFRP) composite materials have been studied in the tension–tension fatigue scenario. The fibre volume fractions for this investigation were set to: 20%, 35%, and 50%. The tensile testing of specimens was performed using a universal testing machine and the Young’s modulus was validated with four different prediction models. In order to identify the modes of failure as well as the fatigue life of composites, polyester-based GFRP specimens were evaluated at five stress levels which were 75%, 65%, 50%, 40%, and 25% of the maximum tensile stress until either a fracture occurred or five million fatigue cycles was reached. The experimental results showed that glass fibre-reinforced polyester samples had a pure tension failure at high applied stress levels, while at low stress levels the failure mode was governed by stress levels. Finally, the experimental results of GFRP composite samples with different volume fractions were utilized for model validation and comparison, which showed that the proposed framework yields acceptable correlations of predicted fatigue lives in tension–tension fatigue regimes with experimental ones.

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Szlosarek, Robert, Thomas Karall, Norbert Enzinger, Clemens Hahne, and Nils Meyer. "Mechanical Testing of Flow Drill Screw Joints Between Fibre-Reinforced Plastics and Metals." Materials Testing 55, no. 10 (October 2013): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110495.

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Östman, Erik, and Sture Persson. "Application of X-ray Tomography in non-destructive testing of fibre reinforced plastics." Materials & Design 9, no. 3 (May 1988): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(88)90156-2.

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Boulanghien, M., M. R’Mili, G. Bernhart, F. Berthet, and Y. Soudais. "Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8630232.

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The recent development of technologies for recycling carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) leads to the need to evaluate the mechanical response of recycled carbon fibres. As these fibres are likely to be degraded during the recycling treatment, it is very important to determine their tensile residual properties so as to evaluate their ability as reinforcement for new composite materials. Carbon fibres reclaimed by a steam-thermal treatment applied to degrade the epoxy resin matrix of a CFRP are here analysed. Two conditions were chosen so as to reach two degradation efficiency levels of the steam thermolysis. Several carbon fibre samples were selected for mechanical testing carried out either on single filaments using single fibre tensile tests or on fibre tows using bundle tensile tests. It is shown that the single fibre tensile test leads to a wide variability of statistical parameters derived from the analysis. Bundle tensile tests results were able to indicate that fibre strength of recycled carbon fibre is similar to corresponding as-received carbon fibres thanks to a statistically relevant database. Wide number of tested filaments enabled indeed to obtain low scatters.

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Lin, Jeng-Shyong. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Impact Strength of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene." Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, no. 8 (November 2002): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000804.

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The improvement of the interfacial adhesion of glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites by heat treatment was studied. Polypropylene blended with short glass fibres was injection moulded. The moulded specimens were heat treated at various temperatures and for various times. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the samples was performed, including measurement of the critical fibre length. Impact tests were performed. The fracture surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the impact strength increased with the testing temperature. At 25°C, the impact strength was dominated by the fibre fracture mechanism. At temperatures above 120°C, it was strongly influenced by the PP matrix. At higher temperatures, the impact strength increased significantly because of the formation of extra cracks.

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Gupta, Tushant. "Study Using Different Fibres in Fibre Reinforced Concrete." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38637.

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Abstract: The most widely used man-made materials in the construction industry are concrete. It is a combination of cemeteries, water, compounds and various types of admixtures to a certain extent. New concrete has plastic properties, which means that before casting it it behaves like plastic but over time, it becomes harder as rock. These hardening structures occur due to the chemical reaction between water and cement, it hardens over a long period of time. From the last century onward, the strength of the RCC structures was largely based on the round steel bars, which were readily available in the market. Over time, these items have also changed in appearance, structure, and power. For example, Pozzolana cement is used in place of conventional cement and TMT bars are applied in place of stainless steel. Energy testing methods are based on Indian standards. Test equipment provides complete results after examination of cubes, cylinders and beams, which are inserted and stored in water for treatment for 28 days continuously. Concrete structures, either in the 1970s or later made of high-strength steel-reinforced steel, have replaced concrete structures and structures with various additives in cement and admixtures with their acceleration or deceleration capacity. Now, instead of steel bars, steel fibers, polypropylene, natural polymers etc. are used. The reasons for the demands are many, but as a building engineer, we have to think hard and architecture by using building materials. In anticipation of long-term sustainability, we need to be able to meet needs.

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Hengstermann, Martin, Karl Kopelmann, Andreas Nocke, Anwar Abdkader, and Chokri Cherif. "Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibres for high-performance composites: Part IV: Measurement of recycled carbon fibre length." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502091072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020910729.

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Due to the increasing application of carbon fibre–reinforced plastics, the use of recycled carbon fibres can help reduce the tremendous amount of carbon fibre waste growing worldwide. In this context, the processing of longer recycled carbon fibres (>40 mm mean length) into hybrid yarn constructions offers a promising solution. The characterisation of recycled carbon fibre length is essential for textile processes. However, to suit the atypical fibre characteristics of recycled carbon fibres compared to standard natural or man-made-fibres, the development of an adequate measuring technique is required. Investigations on the state of the art suggest that an adapted fibrograph method might pose an appropriate measuring system. Therefore, new test equipment and an alternative image analysing method based on pixel greyscale values were developed. To enable a calibration process, different samples with cut carbon fibre from carded and drafted slivers were intensively tested and compared. In addition, an adapted reference method was investigated by combining single fibre measurement and image processing techniques. In a final step, recycled carbon fibres samples with unknown fibre length were tested. Results proved that the presented measuring system is adequate for the testing of longer recycled carbon fibres in webs or slivers. All measured values were close to the measured reference length values (deviation ±4%).

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Islam, Faisal, Sébastien Joannès, Steve Bucknell, Yann Leray, Anthony Bunsell, and Lucien Laiarinandrasana. "Investigation of tensile strength and dimensional variation of T700 carbon fibres using an improved experimental setup." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 3-4 (September 24, 2019): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419873712.

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Knowledge of fibre strength is crucial for understanding the failure behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials and structures. Measuring the properties of technical fibres has been known to be very challenging, and the different challenges associated with single fibre characterisation are illustrated in this article. An improved and automated experimental methodology for tensile testing of single fibres is described. This process has been used to generate fibre strength data for T700 carbon fibres at three different gauge lengths of 4, 20 and 30 mm. The variability in strength and modulus of short fibres was found to be much larger than that of longer fibres. Statistical analysis of this large data set has also highlighted the limitations of the standard Weibull distribution for representing fibre strength behaviour. The need for a better statistical representation of the fibre strength data in order to provide a more accurate description of the fibre strength behaviour has been emphasized.

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Galán-Marín, C., C. Rivera-Gómez, and F. Bradley. "Ultrasonic, Molecular and Mechanical Testing Diagnostics in Natural Fibre Reinforced, Polymer-Stabilized Earth Blocks." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/130582.

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The aim of this research study was to evaluate the influence of utilising natural polymers as a form of soil stabilization, in order to assess their potential for use in building applications. Mixtures were stabilized with a natural polymer (alginate) and reinforced with wool fibres in order to improve the overall compressive and flexural strength of a series of composite materials. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and mechanical strength testing techniques were then used to measure the porous properties of the manufactured natural polymer-soil composites, which were formed into earth blocks. Mechanical tests were carried out for three different clays which showed that the polymer increased the mechanical resistance of the samples to varying degrees, depending on the plasticity index of each soil. Variation in soil grain size distributions and Atterberg limits were assessed and chemical compositions were studied and compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques were all used in conjunction with qualitative identification of the aggregates. Ultrasonic wave propagation was found to be a useful technique for assisting in the determination of soil shrinkage characteristics and fibre-soil adherence capacity and UPV results correlated well with the measured mechanical properties.

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Mohd Ghazali, Aruan Efendy, and Kim L. Pickering. "The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 842–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0120.

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Abstract This paper describes work carried out to assess the effect of fibre treatments and coupling agent on the mechanical performance of PLA composites reinforced with 20 wt% fibre. The chemically-treated harakeke and hemp fibres used to produce fibre mats. Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PLA (MA-g-PLA) was used as a coupling agent. Composites with fibre treated with silane and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and composites using MA-g-PLA were characterised by swelling testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the interfacial bonding for composites with fibres treated using silane and peroxide and composites coupled with MA-g-PLA noticeably improved supported by lower swelling indices, higher tensile strengths and lower tan δ compared to those composites with fibres treated using alkali only, with the highest tensile strength of about 11% higher obtained from composites treated with MA-g-PLA followed by silane and then peroxide. However, using silane, peroxide and MA-g-PLA as additional composite treatments increased significantly the composite failure strain by up 11, 19 and 30%, respectively for harakeke composites and by 13, 24 and 30%, respectively for hemp composites.

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Anjana, R., Asha Krishnan, Tresa Sunitha George, and K. E. George. "Polypropylene/High Density Polyethylene/Glass Fibre/Nanokaolinite Clay Composites - A Novel Material for Light Weight Manufacturing Systems." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.96.

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Polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (PE) and are two widely used standard plastics which can be combined to give attractive properties. In this study a selected blend of these plastics is further modified by incorporating nanokaolinite clay and e-glass fibre into the matrix, thereby converting the blend into a fibre-nanomaterial-reinforced-plastic (FNRP). In this manner the PP-PE blend can be upgraded for more critical applications requiring strength and light weight. Melt compounding technique was used to prepare FNRP and samples for testing were prepared by injection molding. Most reports suggest that kaolinite clay, though cheap and abundantly available is difficult to disperse in polymer matrix compared to costly montmorillonite clay. This difficulty is overcome by surface modification of nanokaolinite clay by an organic group and the effect is studied using mechanical properties, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical and rheological behavior. Morphological characterization is done by scanning electron microscopy. This study shows that nanoclay and e-glass fibre synergistically modify PP-PE blend. The resulting composite can be preferentially utilized for manufacturing parts of space crafts, ships, submarines etc.

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Häberle, J. G., and F. L. Matthews. "An improved technique for compression testing of unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastics; development and results." Composites 25, no. 5 (May 1994): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4361(94)80006-5.

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El-Sabbagh, A., I. Taha, and R. Taha. "Prediction of the Modulus of Elasticity of Short Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites by Finite Element Modelling." Polymers and Polymer Composites 19, no. 9 (November 2011): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111101900903.

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Recently, there has been increased interest in fibre-reinforced polymer composites, due to their distinctive specific strength, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, as well as high damping characteristics. In this paper, finite-element models for the prediction of the modulus of elasticity of short-fibre reinforced composites (SFRC) are introduced. The stiffness of a structure is of principal importance in many engineering applications and the modulus of elasticity is often one of the primary properties considered when selecting a material. In the developed models, different factors affecting the overall performance of such composites are considered. These factors include the respective volume fractions of the polymer matrix and fibrous reinforcement, fibre orientation and agglomeration. Three finite-element models with different sophistication levels are proposed. The models are validated by comparing the effective modulus of elasticity predicted by the different models to experimental results obtained by tensile testing SFRC samples consisting of glass fibres in a polypropylene matrix at different volume fractions.

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Tabaka, Weronika, Sebastian Timme, Tobias Lauterbach, Lilian Medina, Lars A. Berglund, Federico Carosio, Sophie Duquesne, and Bernhard Schartel. "Bench-scale fire stability testing – Assessment of protective systems on carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites." Polymer Testing 102 (October 2021): 107340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107340.

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Gailitis, Rihards, Andina Sprince, Tomass Kozlovksis, Leonids Pakrastins, and Viktorija Volkova. "Impact of Polypropylene, Steel, and PVA Fibre Reinforcement on Geopolymer Composite Creep and Shrinkage Deformations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2423/1/012030.

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Abstract For the last 40 years, there has been increased interest in geopolymer composite development and its mechanical properties. In the last decades, there have been cases when geopolymer composites have been used for civil engineering purposes, such as buildings and infrastructure projects. The main benefit of geopolymer binder usage is that it has a smaller impact on the environment than the Portland cement binder. Emissions caused by geopolymer manufacturing are at least two times less than emissions caused by Portland cement manufacturing. As geopolymer polymerization requires elevated temperature, it also has a significant moisture evaporation effect that further increases shrinkage. It can lead to increased cracking and reduced service life of the structures. Due to this concern, for long-term strain reduction, such as plastic and drying shrinkage and creep, fibre reinforcement is added to constrain the development of stresses in the material. This research aims to determine how different fibre reinforcements would impact geopolymer composites creep and shrinkage strains. Specimens for long-term property testing purposes were prepared with 1% of steel fibres, 1% polypropylene fibres (PP), 0.5% steel and 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol fibres, 5% PP fibres, and without fibres (plain geopolymer). The lowest creep strains are 5% PP fibre specimens, followed by 1% PP fibre, plain, 0.5% steel fibre and 0.5% PVA fibre, and 1% steel fibre specimens. The lowest specific creep is to 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens closely followed by 1% PP fibre followed by 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre, plain and 1% steel fibre reinforced composites. Specimens with 0.5% steel and 0.5 PVA fibre showed the highest compressive strength, followed by 1% PP fibre specimens, plain specimens, 1% steel fibre, and 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens. Only specimens with 1% PP fibre and 0.5% steel, and a 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion showed improved mechanical properties. Geopolymer concrete mix with 1% PP fibre inclusion and 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion have a 4.7% and 11.3% higher compressive strength. All the other fibre inclusion into mixes showed significant decreases in mechanical properties.

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Vijayalakshmi, Ramalingam, and Srinivasan Ramanagopal. "Experimental Investigation Into Banana Fibre Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Masonry Prism Sandwiched with GFRP Sheet." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0017.

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AbstractThis paper presents the stress-strain behaviour of Natural Banana microfibre reinforced Lightweight Concrete (LWC) prisms under axial compression. The compressive strength of masonry is obtained by testing stack bonded prisms under compression normal to its bed joint. LWC blocks of cross-sectional dimensions 200 mm x 150 mm were used to construct the prism with an overall height of 630 mm. Three series of specimens were cast; (a) prism without Banana fibre (control), (b) prism with Banana microfibres, (c) prism with Banana microfibres sandwiched with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sheets. Natural Banana fibres were used as structural fibre reinforcement at different volume fractions (VF). The results indicate that the presence of fibres helps to improve the strength, stiffness, and ductility of LWC stack bonded prisms under compression. The test results also indicate that banana fibre reinforcement provides an improved crack bridging mechanism at both micro and macro levels. The GFRP sandwiched prism specimens exhibited excellent ductility and load-carrying capacity resulting from improved plastic deformation tolerance under compression and bonding between the LWC block and GFRP sheet.

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Mohamad Hamdan, Mohammad Hazim, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Sabu Thomas, Maya John Jacob, Jamiluddin Jaafar, and Cionita Tezara. "Mechanical performance of hybrid woven jute–roselle-reinforced polyester composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 7 (May 15, 2019): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119847552.

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Natural fibre acts as a significant replacement for the known synthetic fibre that tends to cause critical environmental issues. Hence, the hybridization of natural fibre reinforcement has been considered as one of the strategies in reducing synthetic fibre applications. The current research was conducted to determine the effect of layering sequence on the mechanical performance of hybrid woven jute–roselle. In addition, eight different types of composite plate that consisted of single and hybrid were fabricated through the implementation of hand lay-up method. In this case, each composite plate had to undergo the tensile, flexural and impact testing in order to acquire the effect of varying layering sequences. The results of the present study showed that the hybridization of jute–roselle provided was significant, especially on the flexural and impact performance. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus were higher on the JRRJ sample and maximum flexural strength also managed to be recorded by the same sample. However, the maximum flexural modulus only managed to be recorded in sample RRJJ. Meanwhile, the impact testing revealed that the composite plate of sample JJRR had the highest impact strength. The void content for all the samples was acceptable because all of them were less than 7%. Finally, scanning electron microscopic image illustrated that the fractured surfaced of composite sample was typically smooth with less formation of void and fibre pull-out.

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Saidane, El Hadi, Gilles Arnold, Pascal Louis, and Marie-José Pac. "3D printed continuous glass fibre-reinforced polyamide composites: Fabrication and mechanical characterisation." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 41, no. 7-8 (October 31, 2021): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07316844211051746.

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Fused Filament Fabrication is a very common additive manufacturing technology and several manufacturers have developed commercial 3D-printers that enable the use of fibre-reinforced filaments in order to improve the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The obtained material is a composite that exhibits complex mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanical behaviour of 3D-printed continuous glass fibre-reinforced polyamide composites. In a first step, we focus on the reinforced filament: the heterogeneity of its microstructure is evidenced as well as its brittle elastic tensile behaviour. In a second step, parts of different fibre orientations and fibre volume contents are manufactured using a Mark Two 3D-printer (MarkForged®), their microstructure is analysed and tensile, flexural and short beam bending tests are performed. As expected, the results show a significant influence of fibre volume content and fibre orientation. Standard homogenization methods are used to compare the predicted mechanical behaviour to the experimental results. Regarding the elastic stiffness, a good correlation is observed when the material is loaded in the direction of the fibres. Regarding the tensile strength, the results show that no benefit is obtained above a fibre volume content of about 11%. These results highlight the importance of choosing an optimised stacking sequence prior to the printing process, in order to obtain composites with the desired mechanical properties. The mechanical results are analysed in the light of Scanning Electron Microscopy observations of specimen cross-sections before and after testing.

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Ajamu, S. O., S. K. Isola, and J. A. Ige. "Investigation on the Application of Plastic Fibres as Reinforcing Materials In Concrete." LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 1, March 2018 (March 1, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/8102/10(0120).

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Reinforcing materials in concrete are employed to enhance the tensile strength because concrete is weak in tension. Existing reinforcing materials have inadequate ductility and inability to reduce concrete cancer (corrosion) which can be addressed by using plastic fibre because of high ductility and inertness. Hence, this research assessed the effect of plastic fibre as reinforcement in concrete. Polyethylene terephthalate materials were obtained from Aradaa Market, Ogbomoso, Nigeria and shredded into fibre size of 65 x 2 mm. The shredded fibre introduced into the concrete mix ratio 1:2:4 using 12 mm aggregate size at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% volume fraction of the total mass of the concrete composite. The workability of the concrete produced was assessed in the laboratory through slump test. Plastic fibre reinforced concrete cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm and beams of size 100 x 100 x 500 mm were produced in line with British Standard 882, Part 1 specification. The compressive and flexural strengths of these reinforced concrete composites were examined with the compressive test machine and Universal Testing Machine after 28 days of curing. The crack examination test on plastic fibre reinforced concrete was also done with the use of crack comparator. The slump values varied from 3 – 60 mm height. Compressive strength of the cubes varied from 18.58 to 18.71, 8.18 to 8.22, and 2.22 to 2.27 N/mm for 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 % volume fraction, respectively. The corresponding flexural strength test values of the beams ranged from 23.95 to 24.01, 12.01 to 12.07 and 4.94 to 5.80 N/mm’, respectively. The crack examination test revealed crack width of 0.05 mm on the plain (0% fibre) concrete cubes while those with fibre reinforcement showed no cracks. Fibres reinforcement at 0.5% volume fraction improved the compressive and flexural strengths and reduced cracks of concrete. Shredded plastic fibres can be successfully used in many construction applications of light weight, non-load bearing and infill panels.

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Murčinková, Zuzana, Przemysław Postawa, and Jerzy Winczek. "Parameters Influence on the Dynamic Properties of Polymer-Matrix Composites Reinforced by Fibres, Particles, and Hybrids." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153060.

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In this paper, we present an extensive experimental study on the dynamic mechanical properties of composites with polymer matrices, as well as a quantification of the parameters that influence these properties. Polymer-composite matrices make it possible to form any reinforcement arrangement of fibres, particles, and layers, which makes it possible to form composite materials with certain dominant mechanical properties according to the internal arrangement for the application. In this study, we focused on the dynamic properties (i.e., damping parameters, such as the loss factor (tan d), logarithmic decrement (λ), storage modulus (E′), and loss modulus (E″)) of composites with polymer matrices, including parameters such as the fibre material, fabric weaving, fibre orientation, temperature, frequency, particle size, volume of short fibres, and epoxy resin type. If other articles focus on one type of composite and 1–2 parameters, then the benefit of this article lies in our analysis of 8 mentioned parameters in the experimental analysis of 27 different types of composites with polymer matrices. The tested fibre materials were glass, aramid, and carbon; the tested woven fabrics were twill, plain, unidirectional, and satin; the temperature range was from −50 to +230 °C; the frequency was 1 Hz and 10 Hz; the particle size was 0.1–16 mm; the volume percentages of the short fibres were 3, 6, and 12 vol.% of the hybrid polymer composites and the type of polymer matrix. We used the free-damped-vibration method with vibration dynamic signal analysis and the forced-damped vibration of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis for testing. We ranked the parameters that influence the dynamic vibration properties according to the effects. Among sets of results provided in the paper, considering the storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor, the best results of the fibre composites were for aramid-fibre-reinforced polymers, regardless of the weave type, with an advantage for unidirectional fabric. The best results of the particle composites were for those with fine filler sizes that incorporated the short fibres.

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Lindner, Marco, Konrad Vanselow, Sandra Gelbrich, and Lothar Kroll. "Fibre-reinforced polymer stirrup for reinforcing concrete structures." Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS) 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21935/tls.v3i1.117.

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Fibre-plastic composites offer an interesting alternative to concrete reinforcement. In order to expandthe application spectrum of reinforcing elements in fibre composite construction, a new steel-free bracingsystem with reduced radii of curvature was developed. An improvement in load carrying capacity couldbe proven in extensive investigations based on international testing methods and verified by practicaltests. With the help of newly reinforced precast concrete elements from the area of waterways and trafficroutes, a high potential for lightweight construction and resource efficiency can be impressivelydemonstrated.

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Khalili, Pooria, Mikael Skrifvars, and Ahmet Semih Ertürk. "Fabrication: Mechanical Testing and Structural Simulation of Regenerated Cellulose Fabric Elium® Thermoplastic Composite System." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172969.

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Regenerated cellulose fibres are an important part of the forest industry, and they can be used in the form of fabrics as reinforcement materials. Similar to the natural fibres (NFs), such as flax, hemp and jute, that are widely used in the automotive industry, these fibres possess good potential to be used for semi-structural applications. In this work, the mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose fabric-reinforced poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) (Elium®) composite were investigated and compared with those of its natural fibre composite counterparts. The developed composite demonstrated higher tensile strength and ductility, as well as comparable flexural properties with those of NF-reinforced epoxy and Elium® composite systems, whereas the Young’s modulus was lower. The glass transition temperature demonstrated a value competitive (107.7 °C) with that of other NF composites. Then, the behavior of the bio-composite under bending and loading was simulated, and a materials model was used to simulate the behavior of a car door panel in a flexural scenario. Modelling can contribute to predicting the structural behavior of the bio-based thermoplastic composite for secondary applications, which is the aim of this work. Finite element simulations were performed to assess the deflection and force transfer mechanism for the car door interior.

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Symons, Digby D., and Graham Davis. "Fatigue testing of impact-damaged T300/914 carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 3 (February 2000): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(99)00138-4.

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Mayr, G., K. H. Gresslehner, and G. Hendorfer. "Non-destructive testing procedure for porosity determination in carbon fibre reinforced plastics using pulsed thermography." Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 14, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2017.1326078.

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Hanuman, Nudurupati S., and Tanmoy Bose. "Numerical investigation of fully acoustic nondestructive testing method of delamination in glass fibre reinforced plastics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147286.

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Stanciu, Mariana D., Horatiu Teodorescu Draghicescu, Florin Tamas, and Ovidiu Mihai Terciu. "Mechanical and Rheological Behaviour of Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibres." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061402.

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The paper deals with the mechanical behaviour of natural fibre composites subjected to tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Three types of natural fibre composites were prepared and tested: wood particle reinforced composites with six different sizes of grains (WPC); hemp mat reinforced composites (HMP) and flax reinforced composite with mixed wood particles (FWPC). The tensile test performed on universal testing machine LS100 Lloyd’s Instrument highlights the elastic properties of the samples, as longitudinal elasticity modulus; tensile rupture; strain at break; and stiffness. The large dispersion of stress–strain curves was noticed in the case of HMP and FWPC by comparison to WPC samples which present high homogeneity of elastic–plastic behaviour. The DMA test emphasized the rheological behaviour of natural fibre composites in terms of energy dissipation of a material under cyclic load. Cole–Cole plots revealed the connection between stored and loss heat energy for studied samples. The mixture of wood particles with a polyester matrix leads to relative homogeneity of composite in comparison with FWPC and HMP samples which is visible from the shape of Cole–Cole curves. The random fibres from the hemp mat structure lead to a heterogeneous nature of composite structure. The elastic and viscous responses of samples depend on the interface between fibres and matrix.

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Gerezgiher, Alula Gebresas, Halefom Aregay Bsrat, Andrea Simon, and Tamás Szabó. "Development and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.43.

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In most of the developing countries, plastic polypropylene is not fully recycled and converted in-to use after it is once used. Sisal fiber is also widely available in different developing countries like Ethiopia. Adding this two materials and developing automotive interior part was taken as a primary motive for it reduces cost and is environmentally friendly. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to develop composite material from natural fibre (sisal fiber) reinforced with recycled plastic waste (polypropylene) for interior automobile accessories specifically for internal door trim panel application. This research examines effect of fiber length, fiber loading and chemical treatment of fiber on the physical and chemical properties of the sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene (SFRPP) composite material. The waste polypropylene and the treated and untreated sisal fiber with variable length and weight ratio (fiber/matrix ratio) were mixed. Flammability of sisal fiber reinforced Polypropylene (SFRPP) composites material was examined by a horizontal burning test according to ASTM D635 and chemical resistance of the sisal fibre reinforced PP composites was studied using ASTM D543 testing method. The result on the flammability test shows that treated fiber has lower burning rate than untreated fiber and decreases with increase in fiber length and fiber loading. The resistance of the composites to water has increased as the fiber length increases and decreased as the fiber loading increase. Generally, SFRPP composite is found to have better resistance to water than NaOH and H2SO4 and treating the fiber has brought considerable improvement on chemical resistance of the composite. Fiber loading and fiber length has positive and negative effect on the flammability of the SFRPP composite respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fibre reinforced plastics testing'

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