Journal articles: 'Fibre drawing'

1

FOREST, M. GREGORY, and HONG ZHOU. "Unsteady analyses of thermal glass fibre drawing processes." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 12, no. 4 (August 2001): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792501004557.

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Fibre drawing is an important industrial process for synthetic polymers and optical communications. In the manufacture of optical fibres, precise diameter control is critical to waveguide performance, with tolerances in the submicron range that are met through feedback controls on processing conditions. Fluctuations arise from material non-uniformity plague synthetic polymers but not optical silicate fibres which are drawn from a pristine source. The steady drawing process for glass fibres is well-understood (e.g. [11, 12, 20]). The linearized stability of steady solutions, which characterize limits on draw speed versus processing and material properties, is well-understood (e.g. [9, 10, 11]). Feedback is inherently transient, whereby one adjusts processing conditions in real time based on observations of diameter variations. Our goal in this paper is to delineate the degree of sensitivity to transient fluctuations in processing boundary conditions, for thermal glass fibre steady states that are linearly stable. This is the relevant information for identifying potential sources of observed diameter fluctuation, and for designing the boundary controls necessary to alter existing diameter variations. To evaluate the time-dependent final diameter response to boundary fluctuations, we numerically solve the model nonlinear partial differential equations of thermal glass fibre processing. Our model simulations indicate a relative insensitivity to mechanical effects (such as take-up rates, feed-in rates), but strong sensitivity to thermal fluctuations, which typically form a basis for feedback control.

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CHAKRAVARTHY, SRINATH S., and WILSON K. S. CHIU. "Boundary integral method for the evolution of slender viscous fibres containing holes in the cross-section." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 621 (February 12, 2009): 155–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004783.

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We consider the evolution of slender viscous fibres with cross-section containing holes with application to fabrication of microstructured optical fibres. The fibre evolution is driven by either prescribing velocity or a force at the ends of the fibre, and the free surfaces evolve under the influence of surface tension, internal pressurization, inertia and gravity. We use the fact that ratio of the typical fibre radius to the typical fibre length is small to perform an asymptotic analysis of the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations similar to earlier work on non-axisymmetric (but simply connected) fibres. A numerical solution to the multiply connected steady-state drawing problem is formulated based on the solution the Sherman–Lauricella equation. The effects of different drawing and material parameters like surface tension, gravity, inertia and internal pressurization on the drawing are examined, and extension of the method to non-isothermal evolution is presented.

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Ginzburg, V. V. "Kinetic model of fibre drawing." Polymer 34, no. 24 (December 1993): 5123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90257-b.

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Chen, Michael J., Yvonne M. Stokes, Peter Buchak, Darren G. Crowdy, and Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem. "Microstructured optical fibre drawing with active channel pressurisation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 783 (October 13, 2015): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.570.

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The use of channel pressurisation in drawing microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) potentially allows for fine control of the internal structure of the fibre. By applying extra pressure inside the channels it is possible to counteract the effect of surface tension which would otherwise act to close the channels in the fibre as it is drawn. This paper extends the modelling approach of Stokes et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 755, 2014, pp. 176–203) to include channel pressurisation. This approach treats the problem as two submodels for the flow, one in the axial direction along the fibre and another in the plane perpendicular to that direction. In the absence of channel pressurisation these models decoupled and were solved independently; we show that they become fully coupled when the internal channels are pressurised. The fundamental case of a fibre with an annular cross-section (containing one central channel) will be examined in detail. In doing this we consider both a forward problem to determine the shape of fibre from a known preform and an inverse problem to design a preform such that when drawn it will give a desired fibre geometry. Criteria on the pressure corresponding to fibre explosion and closure of the channel will be given that represent an improvement over similar criteria in the literature. A comparison between our model and a recent experiment is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the modelling approach. We make use of some recent work by Buchak et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 778, 2015, pp. 5–38) to examine more complicated fibre geometries, where the cross-sectional shape of the internal channels is assumed to be elliptical and multiple channels are present. The examples presented here demonstrate the versatility of our modelling approach, where the subtleties of the interaction between surface tension and pressurisation can be revealed even for complex patterns of cross-sectional channels.

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Lin, Z.-C., C.-B. Yang, and K.-P. Lee. "Theoretical model for the hot-melt-drawn fabrication of optical fibre probes and analysis of fabrication parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 6 (May 25, 2011): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041298310392850.

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Optical fibre probes made by manually operated hot-melt-drawn methods may have unreliable production quality. This can result in unreliable results during use of the probes. This article presents a theoretical model for the construction of optical fibre probes by a hot-melt-drawn method, intending to simulate the optical fibre melt-drawing process using the P-2000 Sutter melt-drawing installation, and investigates changes in length, radius, and geometric profile of the optical fibre. Using preset processing parameters, the study simulates the profile, size, and shape of an optical fibre probe, and the geometric shape and diameter of the probe tip. Additionally, the article presents an analysis of fabrication parameters to determine which of the three processing parameters, probe diameter, melt-drawing rate, and hard-drawn value, is most significant in determining the length and profile of a simulation model probe.

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Strnadová, Kateřina, Lukáš Stanislav, Ilona Krabicová, Filip Sabol, Jan Lukášek, Michal Řezanka, David Lukáš, and Věra Jenčová. "Drawn aligned polymer microfibres for tissue engineering." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718825318.

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Oriented fibres and materials based on orientated fibres have great potential for use in tissue engineering for tissues, where the arrangement of extracellular matrix is fundamental. The drawing method is based on mechanical pulling of a polymer solution out of its base droplet, resulting in a solidified fibre of determined geometrical characteristics. A new machine designed for lab scale drawing was invented enabling a repeatable quality of drawing conditions. The results demonstrate that it is possible to influence and define the fibre diameter and its distribution. From the in vitro experiments, it is evident that the aligned fibres guide the cell growth in the direction of the fibres. Moreover, the prepared fibres were functionalised with polypyrrole as an example of their versatility. These features make drawing an easy and suitable tool for the fabrication of scaffolds with a precise structure for tissues, e.g. nerve tissue.

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Bogatyrjov, V. A., M. M. Bubnov, S. L. Semenov, and A. A. Sysoliatin. "Length-varying computer-controlled fibre drawing." Measurement Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/5/11/009.

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Lyytik�inen, K., S. T. Huntington, A. L. G. Carter, P. McNamara, S. Fleming, J. Abramczyk, I. Kaplin, and G. Sch�tz. "Dopant diffusion during optical fibre drawing." Optics Express 12, no. 6 (2004): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.12.000972.

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Sakaguchi, S., Y. Terunuma, Y. Ohishi, and T. Kanamori. "Fluoride fibre drawing with improved tensile strength." Journal of Materials Science Letters 6, no. 9 (September 1987): 1063–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01729133.

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Hucker, Martyn, Ian Bond, Andrew Foreman, and Jennifer Hudd. "Optimisation of Hollow Glass Fibres and their Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 8, no. 4 (July 1999): 096369359900800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359900800406.

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Hollow glass fibre reinforced plastics have a structural performance niche in a class of their own. They offer increased flexural rigidity compared to solid glass fibre reinforced plastics, they offset the need for thin sandwich construction which is both difficult and expensive, and they provide an opportunity to develop laminates with improved or tailored characteristics. An experimental hollow glass fibre manufacturing facility is in operation at the University of Bristol. The facility is capable of drawing precision hollow glass fibres of various diameters with varying degrees of hollowness under precise parameter control. Hollow borosilicate glass fibres have been manufactured from tubular preforms with a variety of internal and external diameters, which correspond to a range of hollowness values. In all cases, the resulting hollowness was reduced from that present in the preform state, regardless of drawing rate or furnace temperature. In fact, temperature has been demonstrated to be of paramount importance in controlling fibre hollowness due to the interaction between glass viscosity and surface tension effects. These results suggest that for a given temperature and draw rate there is a single condition where fibre hollowness is maximised and external diameter minimised.

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Dorosz, D., J. Dorosz, A. Zając, J. Żmojda, and M. Kochanowicz. "Active optical fibres for application in laser and broadband ASE sources." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0078-6.

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Abstract The article brings into focus the present state of technology employing active fibres doped with rare earth (RE) ions for applications requiring power supply of several dozen watts and broadband ASE sources. Current trends in development of glasses and in construction of active fibres used in fibre sources of radiation within VIS-NIR range are presented. Technological constraints in the doping of fibre core glasses are discussed, with particular consideration of optimal RE concentration for technical applications. Characteristics of glasses are offered, and the glasses are used for manufacturing optical fibres with luminescence within the visible as well as near- and mid-infrared ranges. Also, requirements and luminescence properties concerning glasses co-doped with e.g. Nd3+/Yb3+,Tm3+/Ho3+ and Yb3+/Tb3+ are discussed. Results of research on the impact of technological parameters of glass matrices on luminescence properties of core glasses and optical fibres are quoted. For the doped glasses of which luminescence in a wide spectral range is desired, conditions for their processing into optical fibre systems are mentioned. Additionally, the impact of phonon energy in the glass on producing emission in a specified spectral range is analyzed. Furthermore, the article presents directions of technological studies to solve problems persisting in the phase of glass matrix design, as well as in determining the influence of fibre drawing process on the luminescence properties of core glasses and optical fibres, confirming the differences in luminescence stemming from the drawing process. Finally, some original designs of core glasses and active multicore fibre systems devised for construction of fibre radiation sources are presented.

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12

Popov, S. M., O. V. Butov, A. O. Kolosovskii, V. V. Voloshin, I. L. Vorob’ev, V. A. Isaev, D. V. Ryakhovskii, et al. "Optical fibres with an inscribed fibre Bragg grating array for sensor systems and random lasers." Quantum Electronics 51, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 1101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel17659.

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Abstract We report the latest results on inscribing extended fibre Bragg grating (FBG) arrays upon fibre drawing, obtained at the Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS. The properties of these structures are considered, and examples of their application in sensor systems of microwave dense wavelength multiplexing and as a basis for designing single-frequency fibre lasers are considered. The optical and laser characteristics of FBG arrays, inscribed (using 248-nm UV laser radiation) both in standard single-mode telecommunication fibres of the SMF-28 type and in erbium-doped active fibres, are investigated.

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Luo, Longbo, Yazhe Wang, Jieyang Huang, Dawei Hong, Xu Wang, and Xiangyang Liu. "Pre-drawing induced evolution of phase, microstructure and property in para-aramid fibres containing benzimidazole moiety." RSC Advances 6, no. 67 (2016): 62695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10184d.

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Chen, Michael J., Yvonne M. Stokes, Peter Buchak, Darren G. Crowdy, Herbert T. C. Foo, Alastair Dowler, and Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem. "Investigation of oversized channels in tubular fibre drawing." Optical Materials Express 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.419607.

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15

Kober, Axel, and H. Többen. "A Low Cost Furnace for HMFG-Fibre Drawing." Materials Science Forum 32-33 (January 1991): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.32-33.55.

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16

Dong, L., J. L. Archambault, L. Reekie, P. St J. Russell, and D. N. Payne. "Single pulse Bragg gratings written during fibre drawing." Electronics Letters 29, no. 17 (1993): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931051.

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Hankeln, Frederik, and Rolf Mahnken. "Simulation of Deep Drawing of Carbon Fibre Prepregs." PAMM 11, no. 1 (December 2011): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201110181.

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18

Krmelová, V., M. Gavendová, J. Krmela, P. Skalková, and E. Loksik. "Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Drawn Polypropylene Fibres." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1199, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1199/1/012029.

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Abstract The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of different cellulose (CEL) content and the draw ratio on the thermal and mechanical properties of drawn polypropylene (PP) fibres. The modification of PP fibres during their production can helps to prepare PP fibres with improved properties, guarantees new opportunities for the expansion of an assortment of PP fibres in the clothing and domestic textile industries. The modified PP/CEL fibres were prepared from PP pellets and PP/cellulose masterbatch via the melt spinning technique at 260 °C followed by drawing for various draw ratios in the company Chemosvit, Fibrochem a. s. (Svit, Slovakia). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the thermal properties of PP fibres. The mechanical properties (tenacity and elongation at break and modulus of elasticity) and low cycle loading of modified PP fibres were also studied. The obtained experimental results of drawn PP/CEL fibres were compared with neat PP fibre prepared under the same technological conditions. Cellulose had a minimal effect on the melting temperatures of fibres and increased of the PP crystallization temperatures in comparison with the neat drawn PP fibre. The limited decrease of mechanical properties of prepared fibres were observed, but the decreases do not influence on the fibres commercial use.

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Luzi, Giovanni, Seunghyeon Lee, Bernhard Gatternig, and Antonio Delgado. "An Asymptotic Energy Equation for Modelling Thermo Fluid Dynamics in the Optical Fibre Drawing Process." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 7922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217922.

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Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) are fibres that contain an array of air holes that runs through the whole fibre length. The hole pattern of these fibres can be customized to manufacture optical devices for different applications ranging from high-power energy transmission equipment to telecommunications and optical sensors. During the drawing process, the size of the preform is greatly scaled down and the original hole pattern result might be modified, potentially leading to unwanted optical effects. Because only a few parameters can be controlled during the fabrication process, mathematical models that can accurately describe the fibre drawing process are highly desirable, being powerful predictive tools that are significantly cheaper than costly experiments. In this manuscript, we derive a new asymptotic energy equation for the drawing process of a single annular capillary and couple it with existing asymptotic mass, momentum, and evolution equations. The whole asymptotic model only exploits the small aspect ratio of a capillary and relies on neither a fitting procedure nor on any empirical adjustable parameters. The numerical results of the simplified model are in good accordance with experimental data available in the literature both without inner pressurization and when internal pressure is applied. Although valid only for annular capillaries, the present model can provide important insights towards understanding the MOF manufacturing process and improving less detailed approaches for more complicated geometries.

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Komatsu, Tamikuni, Sachio Enoki, and Atsushi Aoshima. "The effects of pressure on drawing polyoxymethylene: 2. Drawn fibre properties and structure." Polymer 32, no. 11 (January 1991): 1988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(91)90163-d.

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Stokes, Yvonne M., Peter Buchak, Darren G. Crowdy, and Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem. "Drawing of micro-structured fibres: circular and non-circular tubes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 755 (August 14, 2014): 176–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.408.

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AbstractA general mathematical framework is presented for modelling the pulling of optical glass fibres in a draw tower. The only modelling assumption is that the fibres are slender; cross-sections along the fibre can have general shape, including the possibility of multiple holes or channels. A key result is to demonstrate how a so-called reduced time variable $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\tau $ serves as a natural parameter in describing how an axial-stretching problem interacts with the evolution of a general surface-tension-driven transverse flow via a single important function of $\tau $, herein denoted by $H(\tau )$, derived from the total rescaled cross-plane perimeter. For any given preform geometry, this function $H(\tau )$ may be used to calculate the tension required to produce a given fibre geometry, assuming only that the surface tension is known. Of principal practical interest in applications is the ‘inverse problem’ of determining the initial cross-sectional geometry, and experimental draw parameters, necessary to draw a desired final cross-section. Two case studies involving annular tubes are presented in detail: one involves a cross-section comprising an annular concatenation of sintering near-circular discs, the cross-section of the other is a concentric annulus. These two examples allow us to exemplify and explore two features of the general inverse problem. One is the question of the uniqueness of solutions for a given set of experimental parameters, the other concerns the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Based on these examples we also give an experimental validation of the general model and discuss some experimental matters, such as buckling and stability. The ramifications for modelling the drawing of fibres with more complicated geometries, and multiple channels, are discussed.

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Tandon, Surinder. "Inter-fibre Cohesion Behaviour of New Zealand Wools." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-19-03-2015-b003.

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Inter-fibre cohesion is regarded as an important property of assemblies, such as slivers, made of wool or any other fibres, with respect to the processing in carding, drawing (gilling) and spinning. In this paper, the results of the multiple regression analyses, and their validation, are presented to show that a strong relationship exists between the sliver cohesion (measured as sliver tenacity and sliver specific energy-to-break in a long-gauge tensile test) and a combination of the standard wool properties, such as bulk, mean fibre length (Barbe), mean fibre diameter and medullation content, used for the objective blend specification of New Zealand wools for marketing and processing.

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Lüking, Alexander, Robert Brüll, Thomas Köhler, Davide Pico, Gunnar Seide, and Thomas Gries. "One Step Production of Bicomponent Yarns with Glass Fibre Core and Thermoplastic Sheath for Composite Applications." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.506.

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The film stacking method is the industrial standard for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites (FRTCs). An alternative to this is commingling thermoplastic fibres with reinforcement fibres, e. g. glass fibres, into hybrid yarns. However, the composites produced by the use of film-stacking or hybrid yarns cannot achieve an optimal impregnation of reinforcement fibres with the matrix polymer. This stens from the high melt viscosity of thermoplastics, which prevents a uniform wetting of the reinforcement fibres. Leaving some fibers is unconnected to the matrix. This leads to composite lower strength than theoretically possible. The aim of the research is the coating of a single glass filament in the glass fibre nozzle drawing process to achive a homogenous distribution of glass fibres and matrix in the final composite. The approach uses particles with a diameter from 5 to 25 μm of polyamide 12 (PA 12) which are electrostatically charged and blown at an Eglass filament in the nozzle drawing process as seen in. The particles adhering to the filament are melted by infrared heating and winded afterwards. This development will allow the homogenous distribution of fibres and the matrix in a thermoplastic composite allowing a higher fibre volume content leading to improved mechanical properties. Even though the glass filaments could be coated with PA 12, a homogenous sheath could not be achieved in this investigation. Therefore, further research will focus on an improved homogeneity by reducing the agglomeration of PA 12, using dried PA12 and enhancing the coating setup.

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Skrifvars, Mikael, and Azadeh Soroudi. "Melt Spinning of Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene for Electrically Conducting Nanocomposite Fibres." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.43.

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Blends of polypropylene with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been prepared and melt spun to fibre filaments. The resulted filaments have been characterised regarding conductivity, thermal properties, and morphology. DSC suggests that carbon nanotubes act as nucleating sites in polypropylene and the TGA shows a high increase in thermal stability. Conductivity around 0.001 S/cm are achieved for both as-spun fibre and drawn fibre. A higher load of CNT up to 15 wt % increases the conductivity to 2.8 S/cm in as-spun fibre, but due to a high fibre diameter variation during spinning resulting in fibre breakage, melt spinning is very difficult. This is due to a non-uniform stress distribution during the drawing steps which can be a result of a non-homogeneous PP-CNT blend and the spinning machine process limitations. Differences in conductivities for extruded rods, as-spun fibre and drawn fibre which are made from the same blends, suggests that the crystallinity can affect the conductivity of the PP/CNT fibre.

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Shuai, Ci Jun, Ji An Duan, and Jue Zhong. "Study on the Mechanism about the Effect of Technological Parameters on Performance of Fiber Coupler." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.209.

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To find out the effect mechanism of technological parameters on the performance of fiber coupler, the relationship between the technological parameters and the optical performance is investigated by using a six-axes optical fiber coupler machine as experimental setup. It is discovered that the technological parameters such as drawing speed and fused temperature have a great effect on optical performance of fibre coupler. The fused region and taper region of fiber coupler are tested with scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is discovered that there are crystalline grains in the fused region. And the crystalline grains decrease while drawing speed increase. In the taper region, there are micro cracks. And the cracks are more obvious while drawing speed increases. When the fused temperature is above some point (here is 1350), the micro cracks in the taper region disappear and the optical performance of fiber coupler is the highest at this time.

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Schuman, C., C. Esling, M. J. Philippe, M. Hergesheimer, M. Jallon, and A. Lefort. "Texture Evolution During the Drawing of Low Carbon Steel." Textures and Microstructures 22, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.22.261.

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This study deals with the texture evolution during drawing of interstitial-free low carbon steels under different conditions to study the possible influence of the drawing direction, deformation rate and metal/die friction coefficient. The drawing has been carried out without intermediary annealing, with constant die angle and deformation rate per pass. In all cases, a 〈110〉 fibre texture has been observed at the early stage of deformation (a few percents). The drawing direction, whether alternate or unidirectional, has little effect on texture. Slight differences only in the intensity of peaks on pole figures (PFs) are noted. Alternate drawing leads to higher drawing limits. The grain size affects both the texture and the mechanical properties, which are improved by fine grains. For industrial drawing, i.e. at a high deformation rate, no texture gradient has been clearly observed. Nevertheless, slight differences have been noted in the PF intensities, with generally a slightly sharper texture in the core, compared to the surface. The microhardness tests show no hardness gradient. In slow drawing (low deformation rate), there is a weak texture gradient which disappears at larger deformation. In order to visualize the influence of the metal/die friction, we used a material covered with copper. Results show that at a given reduction rate, the material covered with copper shows peak intensities on the (110) PF which are half these of a material drawn under conventional conditions. The drawing textures of BCC materials always present a 〈110〉 fibre texture. A modeling of the texture evolution during drawing has also been carried out using the Taylor model.

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McNamara, P., and D. R. MacFarlane. "Surface Defects on Fluoride Glasses Induced During Fibre Drawing." Materials Science Forum 32-33 (January 1991): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.32-33.219.

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Abramov, A. A., M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, L. A. Kol'Chenko, S. L. Semjonov, A. G. Shchebunjaev, A. N. Gurjanov, and V. F. Khopin. "Influence of fluorine doping on drawing-induced fibre losses." Electronics Letters 29, no. 22 (1993): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931316.

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Atkins, G. R., M. G. Sceats, S. B. Poole, and H. W. Simmons. "Profiling of drawing induced defects in optical fibre preforms." Electronics Letters 28, no. 8 (1992): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920485.

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Hirose, T., K. Saito, S. Kojima, B. Yao, K. Ohsono, S. Sato, K. Takada, and A. J. Ikushima. "Fabrication of long-period fibre grating by CO2 laser-annealing in fibre-drawing process." Electronics Letters 43, no. 8 (2007): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20073771.

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Cordin, Michael, and Thomas Bechtold. "Physical properties of lyocell-reinforced polypropylene composites from intermingled fibre with varying fibre volume fractions." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 8 (October 19, 2017): 1029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717734594.

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Polypropylene (PP)-cellulose fibre blends exhibit substantial potential for the production of high-performance textile fibre–reinforced composites. The production of reinforced parts from PP-cellulose composites through thermal shaping of intermingled fibre blends is a strategy to form parts which exhibit superior mechanical properties. In this study, the use of intermingled fibre slivers with different ratios of lyocell fibres (CLY) and PP fibres as raw materials for thermally formed composites was investigated. Such a concept will maximize the interface between the reinforcement fibres and polymer matrix. The cellulose fibres remain oriented along the direction in which the drawing process was performed, which forms the basis for tailored fibre placement in technical production. Because of good surface contact between the cellulose fibre surface and PP matrix, no special coupling agents were required to improve the interfacial adhesion between the two different polymers. The share of CLY and PP fibres in the composite varied from 50% w/w CLY content, up to 70% w/w CLY. Besides analysis of the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and E-modulus, attention was directed towards moisture sorption of the composites. The rate of sorption and amount of water bound in the composite were found to be dependent on the cellulose fibre content. Composites with a higher CLY content exhibited a more rapid and higher moisture uptake. In water saturated state, the ultimate tensile strength of composites reduced from 160 MPa to 90 MPa, which is an indicator for a reduced adhesion between the CLY surface and PP matrix. The results indicate the potential of the intermingled fibre concept blend for the efficient manufacturing of composite parts.

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Pilarczyk, Jan W., Zygmunt Nitkiewicz, Barbara Kucharska, and T. Małecki. "Analysis of Textures of Wires Drawn in Pressure and Roller Dies with ODF." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.865.

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In the work orientation distribution functions (ODF) were determined for wires drawn in pressure and roller dies from a high carbon steel wire rod with a diameter 5.5 mm to wires with a diameter 3.8 mm and 3.0 mm. For a comparison ODFs for wires drawn conventionally were also determined. The texture was measured on the cross sections of investigated wires prepared in a form of squares to eliminate the effect of the surface layer. In the first stage of a drawing with a total reduction of 54.3% it has been found that in wires drawn conventionally (KI), in pressure dies (HI) and in roller dies (RI) a strong <110> fibre-texture exist with a value of the ODF equal to about 3.2 for all tested wires. At an increase of the total reduction from 54.3% to 71.5% values of ODF were different for different methods of drawing. For wires with a diameter 3.0 mm drawn conventionally (KF) it was equal 4.25 and for wires drawn in pressure dies (HF) the ODF value was the highest and equal to 4.4. For wires drawn in roller dies the ODF value was the lowest and equal only to 2.6. It means that in spite of the increase of the total reduction roller die drawing results in a decrease of the sharpness of the fibre texture <110>. In conventional drawing and in pressure dies drawing an increase of the <110> texture has been noticed with the increase of the total reduction. In addition to a strong <110> texture component, specimens K and H also featured weak <311> and <310> components. In R specimens there were more of such additional components after the first stage of drawing i.e. <311>, <310>, <210>, <211> and after the second stage of drawing (total area reduction 71.5%) - <311>, <310>.

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Günaydin, Gizem Karakan, Ali Serkan Soydan, and Sema Palamutçu. "Evaluation of Cotton Fibre Properties in Compact Yarn Spinning Processes and Investigation of Fibre and Yarn Properties." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 3(129) (June 30, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7299.

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Fibre properties are influential factors for yarn properties. Cotton, whose physical properties vary depending on the cultivation region, is still a very common fibre used in the textile industry. Properties such as fibre length, fineness, strength and maturity affect yarn tensility, evenness, imperfections and hairiness. Four different 100% cotton blends were used as raw material (American cotton, Aegean cotton, Urfa cotton, Greek cotton) to be converted into 20 tex compact yarns separately. HVI parameters of each blend type starting from the bale until the 2nd drawing passage machine revealed that yarn processing stages and machinery are influential factors for fibre the properties of fibres that are produced on a spinning line. Additionally ANOVA tests supported the idea that the evenness, tensility, yarn imperfections, and hairiness parameter of yarns produced from various cotton blends were statistically different. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and the Correlation Matrix were also applied in order to analyse the relationship between fibre properties and compact yarn properties of different blends.

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34

Richely, Emmanuelle, Sylvie Durand, Alessia Melelli, Alexander Kao, Anthony Magueresse, Hom Dhakal, Tatyana Gorshkova, et al. "Novel Insight into the Intricate Shape of Flax Fibre Lumen." Fibers 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9040024.

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Plant fibres and especially flax can be distinguished from most synthetic fibres by their intricate shape and intrinsic porosity called lumen, which is usually assumed to be tubular. However, the real shape appears more complex and thus might induce stress concentrations influencing the fibre performance. This study proposes a novel representation of flax fibre lumen and its variations along the fibre, an interpretation of its origin and effect on flax fibre tensile properties. This investigation was conducted at the crossroads of complementary characterization techniques: optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution X-ray microtomography (µCT) and mechanical tests at the cell-wall and fibre scale by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Peak-Force Quantitative Nano-Mechanical property mapping (PF-QNM) mode and micromechanical tensile testing. Converging results highlight the difficulty of drawing a single geometric reference for the lumen. AFM and optical microscopy depict central cavities of different sizes and shapes. Porosity contents, varying from 0.4 to 7.2%, are estimated by high-resolution µCT. Furthermore, variations of lumen size are reported along the fibres. This intricate lumen shape might originate from the cell wall thickening and cell death but particular attention should also be paid to the effects of post mortem processes such as drying, retting and mechanical extraction of the fibre as well as sample preparation. Finally, SEM observation following tensile testing demonstrates the combined effect of geometrical inhomogeneities such as defects and intricate lumen porosity to drive the failure of the fibre.

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35

Latko-Durałek, Paulina, Kamil Dydek, Emila Golonko, and Anna Boczkowska. "Mechanical Properties of PETG Fibres and Their Usage in Carbon Fibres/Epoxy Composite Laminates." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 2(128) (April 30, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5740.

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This paper reports on a melt-spinning process of glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) PETG and regranulate of PETG. The effect of the processing temperature and winding reel velocity on the diameters of fibres was examined. It was observed with a scanning electron microscope that the surface of fibres produced from recycled PETG are thicker but smoother than fibres made of fresh PETG. Applying a higher drawing velocity helped to decrease the diameters, which were between 75-150 μm. Under static deformation, fibres showed different behaviour, with higher flexibility and lower strength observed for fibres made of PETG regranulate. Both types of fibre were chopped and added to carbon fibre reinforced polymers as interlayers to investigate their effect on mechanical properties. It was found that the flexural strength decreased in the presence of PETG fibres, while interlaminar shear strength improved, but only in the case of fresh PETG fibres.

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36

Côrte-Real, Eduardo. "Arachne’s Loom: A public art drawing for Porto Design Biennale 2019." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00028_1.

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The essay claims that a substantial part of contemporary drawing research has worked on the conceptual boundaries of what drawing is or when it takes place. It reports on a piece of public art on the limits of drawing that illustrates contemporary research issues based on drawings as elements or substantial parts of installations, public art, urban interventions, performances, unconventional media and materials. The piece ‐ Arachne’s Loom ‐ was an installation of 1500 m of black fibre-optic cable displayed across an artificial lake connecting a public library building to five computer heads. It was paired with a wind turbine blade placed in a public square ‐ The Children of Eos ‐ and the two together were presented under the title Hard Design. Curating this intervention was an opportunity to explore in a practical way issues that interweave the materiality/immateriality of graphic elements and that have been an important part of the author’s previous work. The wind turbine blade and cables installed in public spaces set up a number of polarities, two of which are relevant for drawing research: monuments vs. festivals and shapes vs. shapeless. Within the first polarity, a symbolic foundation for public art rooted in ancient myths is discussed. Particular attention is given to the power of Arachne’s myth as a cautionary narrative connected to the origins of both figurative and abstract drawing. Within the second polarity, in opposition to the wind blade’s distinct, ‘pure’ form, the rhizomatic structure of a web-like network of fibre-optic cables is explored in the context of drawing research. The text links philosophical rhizomes, real rhizomes, representations of rhizomes and visual allusions to rhizomes with public art, drawing, drawing as process, the World Wide Web and its extensions. The epilogue frames the piece within Nelson Goodman’s aesthetics, suggesting that further research into the work of this philosopher may open interesting paths for drawing theory.

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Chen, Y., and T. A. Birks. "Predicting hole sizes after fibre drawing without knowing the viscosity." Optical Materials Express 3, no. 3 (February 4, 2013): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.3.000346.

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38

Onofri, Fabrice, Anne Lenoble, Stefan Radev, and Paul-Henri Guering. "High resolution monitoring of an unsteady glass fibre drawing process." Experiments in Fluids 42, no. 4 (February 17, 2007): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-007-0268-4.

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39

Muñoz-Senovilla, Laura, Francisco Muñoz, Gregory Tricot, Ifty Ahmed, and Andrew J. Parsons. "Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses." Journal of Materials Science 52, no. 15 (January 17, 2017): 9166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0773-7.

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40

Juhász, Ákos György. "Az elektromos szálhúzás technikájának bemutatása." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 23 (2021): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.23.236-247.

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The history of the electrospinning technique started a couple of centuries ago. The technique has evolved continuously and found more and more applications. As science has progressed, the physical phenomena involved in the formation of fibres have been more and more precisely defined, thus creating equipment to meet different needs. Nowadays, not only microfibres but also nanofibres can be created while using this method, making it possible to create materials suitable also for biomedical applications. The growing interest is reflected in the increasing number of publications too. This brief review concerns the main milestones of the history of electrical fibre drawing and the various fibre formation methods used today.

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Shuai, Ci Jun, Shu Ping Peng, Hu An Qi, and Qing Jun Qiu. "Optimum Approach and Modeling for Fabrication of Fused Fiber Coupler." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.837.

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The consistence of performance such as excess loss, coupling ratio and drawing length of fused fiber couplers is poor, even if they are fabricated at the same technical parameters; And the fused temperature provided by gas fluctuates by 5-30°C, while the drawing speed is rather stable. To find out the reason of poor performance consistence, the rheological numerical analysis is carried out under the non-isothermal condition. The effect of technology parameters such as drawing speed and fused temperature on the fabrication process is studied. A conclusion can be reached that it is the fluctuation of fused temperature that induces poor consistence. An electrical resistance microheater is designed and fabricated, and its fluctuation of temperature is by 1.5°C. The performance consistence of fibre coupler is improved greatly with the novel heater.

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42

Nebbar, Mohamed Chaouki, Mosbah Zidani, Toufik Djimaoui, T. Abid, Hichem Farh, Toufik Ziar, A. L. Helbert, Francois Brisset, and Thierry Baudin. "Microstructural Evolutions and Mechanical Properties of Drawn Medium Carbon Steel Wire." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 41 (February 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.41.1.

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This study focuses on the evolution in the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of medium carbon steel wires obtained by wire drawing at Tréfissoud Company for the manufacturing of the spring mattress. Wire drawing induces elongation of grains in the direction of drawing with the development of the <110> fibre texture parallel to the wire axis. Kinking and bending of cementite lamellae were observed during the drawing process. The work was carried out respectively on three states, wire rod and drawn states for two different amounts (ε %=43,6 and 60 %), using the optical and SEM microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis for examination of the microstructure and texture evolution, the hardness Vickers and tensile test to follow the curing of the studied wires.

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43

Shuai, Ci Jun, Ji An Duan, and Jue Zhong. "Modelling of Fused Biconical Taper Process for Fibre Coupler." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.829.

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Fused-taper fiber coupler is usually fabricated by using a microburner. The coupler’s excess loss and performance repeatability are unstable. To simulate the fabrication process and to find solution to the performance questions, A viscoelastic rheological model of fused biconical taper process is presented by using generalized Maxwell model to simulate the viscoelastic characteristic of fused fiberglass, and the rheological numerical analysis under the non-isothermal condition is carried out with ANSYS software. The effect of technical parameters such as drawing speed and fused temperature on the fabrication process is studied. Drawing speed is in direct proportion to the maximum stress, and fused temperature affect extremely the fabrication process. The fluctuation of fused temperature by 5 can lead to the change of maximum stress by 30%. It is found by experiments that the flame temperature fluctuates in the range of 5-30, while the drawing speed is rather stable. It can be reached a conclusion that it is the fluctuation of fused temperature that induces the poor performance repeatability and unstable excess loss.

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44

Horiguchi, M., and H. Itoh. "Continuous measurement of optical fibre transmission loss characteristics during drawing process." Electronics Letters 22, no. 19 (1986): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860663.

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45

Döhler, Franziska, Daniel Groh, Shotaro Chiba, Jörg Bierlich, Jens Kobelke, and Delia S. Brauer. "Bioactive glasses with improved processing. Part 2. Viscosity and fibre drawing." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 432 (January 2016): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.03.009.

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46

Serkov, A. T., and V. V. Skorobogatykh. "Deformation resonance in orientational drawing of high-modulus viscose fibre twist." Fibre Chemistry 27, no. 6 (1996): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00556172.

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47

Taroni, M., C. J. W. Breward, L. J. Cummings, and I. M. Griffiths. "Asymptotic solutions of glass temperature profiles during steady optical fibre drawing." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 80, no. 1 (March 12, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-013-9623-z.

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48

Maddalena, Riccardo, John Sweeney, Jack Winkles, Cristina Tuinea-Bobe, Brunella Balzano, Glen Thompson, Noemi Arena, and Tony Jefferson. "Applications and Life Cycle Assessment of Shape Memory Polyethylene Terephthalate in Concrete for Crack Closure." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050933.

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Shape memory polymer (SMP) products have been developed for application as crack closure devices in concrete. They have been made from PET in the form of both fibres and hollow tubes. Here, manufacturing methods using die-drawing and mandrel-drawing to induce shape memory are reported. The fibre-based devices are incorporated into concrete and, upon triggering, exert shrinkage restraint forces that close cracks in the concrete. The evolution of shrinkage restraint force in the fibres as manufactured was measured as a function of temperature, showing stresses in excess of 35 MPa. Tendons consisting of fibre bundles are incorporated into concreate beams subjected to controlled cracking. When activated, the tendons reduce the crack widths by 80%. The same fibres are used to produce another class of device known as knotted fibres, which have knotted ends that act as anchor points when they incorporated directly into concrete. Upon activation within the cracked concrete, these devices are shown to completely close cracks. The tubes are used to enclose and restrain prestressed Kevlar fibres. When the tubes are triggered, they shrink and release the prestress force in the Kevlar, which is transferred to the surrounding concrete in the form of a compressive force, thereby closing cracks. The Kevlar fibres also provide substantial reinforcement after activation. The devices are shown to be able to partially and fully close cracks that have been opened to 0.3 mm and achieve post-activation flexural strengths comparable to those of conventional reinforced and prestressed structural elements. Finally, a preliminary life cycle assessment study was used to assess the carbon footprint a nominal unit of concrete made with SMPs fibres compared to conventional concrete.

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Sharmin, Nusrat, Andrew J. Parsons, Chris D. Rudd, and Ifty Ahmed. "Effect of boron oxide addition on fibre drawing, mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of phosphate-based glass fibres with fixed 40, 45 and 50 mol% P2O5." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 29, no. 5 (June 17, 2014): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328214539824.

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Previous studies investigating manufacture of phosphate-based glass fibres from glasses fixed with P2O5 content less than 50 mol% showed that continuous manufacture without breakage was very difficult. In this study, nine phosphate-based glass formulations from the system P2O5-CaO-Na2O-MgO-B2O3 were prepared with P2O5 contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%, where Na2O was replaced by 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 and MgO and CaO were fixed to 24 and 16 mol%, respectively. The effect of B2O3 addition on the fibre drawing, fibre mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour was investigated. It was found that addition of 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 enabled successful drawing of continuous fibres from glasses with phosphate (P2O5) contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%. The mechanical properties of the fibres were found to significantly increase with increasing B2O3 content. The highest tensile strength (1200 ± 130 MPa) was recorded for 45P2O5-16CaO-5Na2O-24MgO-10B2O3 glass fibres. The fibres were annealed, and a comparison of the mechanical properties and mode of degradation of annealed and non-annealed fibres were investigated. A decrease in tensile strength and an increase in tensile modulus were observed for the annealed fibres. An assessment of the change in mechanical properties of both the annealed and non-annealed fibres was performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37℃ for 28 and 60 days, respectively. Initial loss of mechanical properties due to annealing was found to be recovered with degradation. The B2O3-containing glass fibres were found to degrade at a much slower rate as compared to the non-B2O3-containing fibres. Both annealed and non-annealed fibres exhibited a peeling effect of the fibre's outer layer during degradation.

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Shuai, Ci Jun, Shu Ping Peng, Hu An Qi, and Qing Jun Qiu. "The Microstructure Evolution in Fused Region and Taper Region of Fibre Coupler." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.841.

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The fused region and the taper region of the optical fibre coupler were tested by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results indicated that the surface roughness increased after fused biconical taper (FBT), that is, the fused region possessed the highest toughness (about 70nm), the taper region is in a second position (about 40nm), and the bare fibre was relatively the lowest (about 10nm). Micro crystals were observed at the fused region and the amount of the micro crystals decreased with increasing the drawing speed. Micro cracks were observed at the taper region and the micro cracks became wide and deep with increasing the drawing speed. All these changes affected not only the optical performance such as excess loss and consistence, but also the reliability and stability. Therefore a fibre device with high quality required small drawbacks.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fibre drawing'

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