Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fibre à réseau de Bragg'
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Tsyier, Sergei. "Caractérisation des profils d'indice de réseaux de Bragg innovants en module et phase." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0022/document.
Full textN the last decade new techniques were developed for fabrication of sophisticated Fiber Bragg Gratings (FGBs). This has been motivated by the emergence of many applications such as dispersion compensation for long-haul communication systems, DFB fiber lasers, optical add/drop multiplexers, and optical sensors. Post-fabrication diagnostics should provide relevant information to enhance the FBG fabrication process. It is well known that the FBG spectral properties are related to the index profile Δn. Direct measurement techniques, such as the side diffraction method reported by P. Krug, allow determining the index modulation amplitude along the FBG. Nevertheless, these techniques provide no information about phase fluctuations. An alternative method of indirect characterization, based on the Layer-Peeling (LP) algorithm, consists in Bragg grating profile reconstruction from its complex reflectivity. However, the LP method is unstable when applied to characterize long FBGs (>1mm) due to the error propagation effect. In this thesis we have shown the principle of a novel technique for the direct measurement of amplitude and phase variations of the index modulation along an FBG based on the blue luminescence (BL). Our experimental results are in a good agreement with the according Krug characterization. The proposed method of FBG characterization in amplitude and phase using the UV induced BL can be applied to long gratings (up to tens of centimeters) having complex index modulation profiles. It allows retrieving simultaneously the index profile modulation Δnac(z) and the chirp function, localizing phase shifts, and also detecting the mean index change Δndc(z)
Duval, Simon. "Lasers à fibre femtoseconde utilisant une paire de réseaux de Bragg à pas variable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25831.
Full textIn this master’s thesis, we present a new type of femtosecond fiber ring laser that uses a pair of chirped fiber Bragg gratings with opposite dispersion. The presence of such elements in a ring cavity reveals a new mode locking regime where a femtosecond pulse evolving in one section of the cavity is locally transformed into a highly chirped picosecond pulse that propagates in the remaining part of the cavity. The section in which the highly chirped pulse propagates acts essentially as an all-fiber linear dispersive delay line. This portion can thus be modified in order to change the net cavity dispersion or the repetition rate of the laser without significantly increasing the nonlinear effects in the cavity. This erbium-doped fiber laser that generates sub-100 fs pulses in any dispersion regime can potentially produce highenergy ultrashort pulses (> 20 nJ; < 50 fs). This source appears to be a practical all-fiber alternative to femtosecond solid-state lasers.
Guyard, Romain. "Capteur à fibre optique pour la mesure de déformation au sein des matériaux." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6e451d89-fed7-4980-a018-fbdae1b0090c.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the design of a new fiber optic sensor for the strain measurement inside materials. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are usually glued on the surface of the monitored structure. Their use like embedded strain sensor may be unadapted. Indeed, in these circumstances, a mechanical coupling between the sensor and the host material changes the transverse strain of the fiber. The transverse strain becomes unknown. Consequently, the only measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift is not enough to estimate both axial and transverse strains. In order to decorrelate these strains, we propose a sensor architecture based on the juxtaposition of a Bragg grating (FBG) and of a long period grating (LPG). The thesis work consist in finding the optimal architecture so that the sensor response to strain is linear and the measurement resolution is identical to the resolution of usual fiber optic sensors. During the sensor design, some usual results on LPG have been studied again. Some original optical properties of cladding modes have been revealed. It has been shown that the shape of these modes changes significantly with the cladding radius of the fiber and that there are critical cladding radii for which some modes have the same transverse intensity distribution. A statistical study has been carried out on the strain sensitivities of LPG. General behaviors of LPG strain sensors have been highlighted. Especially, the crosssensitivities can be neglected and the sensitivities are mainly influenced by the period of grating and the cladding radius of the fiber. When the sensor is embedded inside the material, it may be bent. The bending effects on the gratings responses have been studied using the finite element as well as the semi analytical methods. It has been shown that the bending sensitivity of FBG depends on a balance mechanism between the effective refractive index change and the coupling coefficient change of the coupled modes and that the average index variation of the grating plays a key role in the amplitude and the sign of this sensitivity. A similar mechanism has been highlighted for LPG
Bernier, Martin. "Inscription de réseaux de bragg à fibre optique à l'aide d'impulsions brèves et applications aux lasers à fibre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27475/27475.pdf.
Full textSimard, Alexandre D. "Étude de sauts de phase distribués sur un réseau de Bragg à pas linéairement variable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21112.
Full textCarrier, Julien. "Écriture de réseaux de Bragg par laser femtoseconde à 400 NM." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29736/29736.pdf.
Full textMaran, Jean-Noël. "Lasers multi-longueurs d'onde à fibre dopée à l'erbium utilisant un décaleur de fréquence dans la boucle de contre-réaction." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012177.
Full textBlanchet, Thomas. "Influence des radiations (X, gamma, protons et électrons) sur les mesures par réseaux de Bragg à fibres optiques en environnement haute température." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES045.
Full textOptical fiber temperature sensors have numerous advantages such as their small sizes, low weights and their immunity to a large band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fiber Bragg gratings technology has the same advantages than the other optical sensors and is also characterized with an ultra-fast time response with a temperature accuracy better than 0.5°C. For nuclear environments such as near-Earth space or a nuclear reactor core the radiation – and the temperature – influence the performances of Bragg gratings. In this manuscript, we studied the behaviors of three gratings types: type I gratings are photo-inscribed with continuum or pulsed laser. They cannot resist to temperature higher than 400°C. Type R – Regenerated – gratings are done as type I with a further high-temperature treatment (> 600°C) to create a new grating resistant to temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Type II gratings are inscribed with femtosecond laser and are well-known to have a thermal stability as good as type R gratings. Regarding their responses to radiation and thermal constraints, type I gratings are unstable under radiations even with pre-thermal annealing (300°C). In addition, larger is the dose-rate or the accumulated dose larger the grating degradation is. Type R gratings are unstable under radiations at room temperature. However for the irradiation temperature above 150°C these gratings present an equivalent temperature error due to radiations of less than 1°C. After a thermal treatment at a temperature above 450°C, type II gratings are stable under radiations at room temperature (less than 1°C of radiation induced error)
Mirshafiei, Mehrdad. "UWB Pulse Shaping Using Fiber Bragg Gratings." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26074/26074.pdf.
Full textGuillaumond, Didier. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'une source à fibre optique dopée erbium pour un gyromètre à fibre optique hautes performances." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4009.
Full textBaskiotis, Catherine. "Modélisations, réalisations et évaluations de fibres de Bragg à grande aire effective." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10192/document.
Full textForty years after their first theoretical proposal, Bragg fibers are still in their infancy. Indeed, Bragg fibers are based on more complex theoretical concepts than conventional optical fibers and are more difficult to realize. Their potential due to their particular guiding mechanism (known as photonic bandgap) remains still largely unexplored. This study analyzes the performances of Bragg fibers for high-power delivery. For this application, the target is to design a fiber that reaches the largest possible Effective Area for the fundamental core-mode, while ensuring a single-moded output beam. The study was performed theoretically, analytically, numerically as well as experimentally. An analytical model for predicting the properties of Bragg fibers with large Effective Area and low-index contrast when they are no subjected to any perturbations has been first developed. Then, the case of the application of macro-bendings on the Bragg fiber has been studied numerically. Finally, the behavior of Bragg fiber in the presence of micro-bending has been experimentally investigated. Bragg fibers are compared to the simplest fiber profile that may exist: step index profile. The numerical results show better performances in the case of Bragg fibers when they are free from any perturbations or subjected to macro-bending. First results indicate that the sensitivities to micro-bending of the two types of fiber are comparable
Ginestar, Stéphane. "Réalisation et caractérisation d’un laser DFB bi-mode pour applications radio sur fibre." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10092/document.
Full textGeneration of microwave, millimetre-wave even THz signals by optical means is currently a favoured technique for a lot of system applications such as: high bit-rate wireless telecommunications, local oscillator or radar signal distribution within satellites, video signal distribution, automotive communications, THz security systems, etc… We report here the fabrication and the characterization of an ultra-compact optical source made of semiconductor material. It allows generating two optical modes that are separated by the frequency that is requested at the photodetector level. This source is composed of two DFB lasers constituting a dual-mode laser emitting in the 1.55µm wavelength range. The device has been fabricated at Alcatel-Thales III-VLab using a proprietary DFB technology and the work has been supported under the "IPHOBAC" European project. Several targets were fixed for this device: tunability of intermodal spacing up to 300GHz, optical linewidth close to the MHz as well as horizontal and vertical divergences around 10°. The first goal has been achieved by using two DFB structures with a 0.3nm difference in the grating pitch and tuning the drive current of each section. The second goal has been globally achieved by using a quantum well based active layer. A new version including quantum dot based active layer should answer positively to this target. Last objective was partially obtained by the design and the integration of a spot size converter. The divergence has been measured as 10°x17° (HxV). Concerning the vertical divergence, the target of 10° was not obtained mainly linked to the device structure and the limitations we fixed on the overall length of the device
Maguis, Séverine. "Biocapteurs à fibres optiques fondés sur les réseaux de Bragg en angle fonctionnalisés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0031.
Full textThe purpose of this research work is to investigate the possibility of using tilted fiber Bragg grating technology to provide an alternative solution for molecular detection in aqueous solutions, suitable for in situ measurements and simpler to use than conventional monitoring instruments. As a tilted ber Bragg grating is sensitive to any change in the refractive index of the medium surrounding the cladding, this refractometer can be used as a transducer for biosensing applications if the silica ber surface is biofunctionalized. One of the great challenges to be met in the preparation of biosensors is the strategy for immobilization of the biospeci c molecule onto the transducer. The binding of the target molecule to the immobilized probe results in changes in the thickness and/or the refractive index of the biofilm, which modulates the spectral response of the grating. The sensitive area of the refractometer combines two complementary functions: on the one hand, the biospeci c biofilm enables one to detect the target molecule by converting binding events into physical changes of the sensitive layer; on the other hand, the tilted ber Bragg grating translates this thickness / refractive index modi cation into a spectral modulation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA are used to assess the performances of the tilted- ber-Bragg- grating-based biosensors. The implementation of a fast measurement technique has contributed to improve the performances of the detection process for low concentrations of target molecules in solution (10 -5 voire 10 -6 g/L). Therefore, the early results seem promising and could provide a conceptual basis for future research: it hbeen demonstrated that a label-free biosensor based on a tilted ber Bragg grating is able to follow, in real 2. Time, biological interactions taking place at the surface of the sensitive bio lm. Therefore, this study provides a base for future work regarding, for instance, water pollution monitoring
Mulle, Matthieu. "Eprouvettes technologiques instrumentées à cœur par réseau de Bragg pour l'analyse du matériau composite dans la structure." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30242.
Full textMorana, Adriana. "Gamma-rays and neutrons effects on optical fibers and Bragg gratings for temperature sensors." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064993.
Full textBrilland, Laurent. "Étude et réalisation de réseaux de Bragg inscrits dans une fibre optique monomode pour une fonction d'égalisation du gain des amplificateurs à fibre dopée." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-504.pdf.
Full textUn effort de modélisation nous a conduit à réaliser des fibres à structures d'indice particulières dans lesquelles nous avons inscrit des réseaux à pas longs mieux adaptés à la fonction d'égalisation. Les deux techniques d'inscription (photoinscription et déformation locale) sont analysées. Nous présentons un travail théorique et expérimental sur les caractéristiques spectrales des réseaux à traits inclinés photoinscrits dans une fibre à gaine photosensible. La stabilisation thermique de ces composants par un dispositif passif a été également effectuée. Une courbe de gain d'amplificateur à fibre dopée à l'erbium rendu uniforme par des réseaux à traits inclinés est présentée
Kéfélian, Fabien. "Corrélation du bruit de phase de lasers à réseau de Bragg par injection optique : Application à la génération et au transport sur fibre de signaux radiofréquence." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011613.
Full textTang, Mincheng. "Etude du comportement dynamique des sources laser ultrarapides à base de fibres actives fortement dispersives." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR117/document.
Full textUltrafast fiber lasers represent today a ubiquitous technology in various industrial and research applications thanks to their inherent advantages such as compactness, stability and high power. The best performances to date, mostly relying on large mode area fibers and chirped pulse amplification, however require complex experimental developments and are limited by the use of bulk components for pulse stretching and compression. The experimental and numerical work presented in this PhD thesis aimed at exploring original dynamical regimes based on specific active fibers combining large mode area and high dispersions for the generation of high-energy ultra-short pulses. The numerical studies then showed that pulsed regimes with high normal dispersions could be reached by exploiting resonance and mode-coupling phenomena in Bragg or W-type fibers. Studying the influence of the cavity parameters on mode-locking mechanisms allowed to target attractive configurations for energy scaling. The experimental implementation of this concept allowed the development of a dissipative soliton source delivering record high-energy chirped pulses (38 nJ, 700 fs after compression) at 1560 nm. The realization of ultrafast sources based on specific active fibers combined to mode-coupling phenomena then brought the possibility to identify the potentiality and limitations of these particular architectures with high dispersions for energy scaling
Brochu, Guillaume. "Lasers à fibre Fabry-Perot distribués multilongueurs d'onde : modélisation, fabrication et caractérisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27585/27585.pdf.
Full textAbboud, Rita. "Méthode de mesure sans contact de la température intégrée au rotor d’une machine électrique tournante au moyen d’une fibre optique à réseaux de Bragg." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2645.
Full textIn the transportation system domain, heating problems appear with the temperature increase in different types of electrical machines. In the classical design of electrical machines, thermal analysis should be considered in the initial design, control and monitoring of electrical machines. The measurement of local temperature especially in the rotor is important for several reasons such as extending the lifetime of the electrical machine components, and localizing the hot spots inside the machine which allows the development of appropriate cooling systems and protects the machine. Numerous approaches for temperature measurement can be used such as thermocouples, thermistors, infrared sensors or infra-red cameras. This thesis presents a non-contact technique that measures the temperature of the rotor of a small machine using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensor. Monitoring local temperature especially inside the rotor is important in order to detect early thermal aging of the machine. Hot spot in the rotating parts can be localized by using this technique. The main originality of the proposed work is measuring high temperatures (70°C) with high speed of rotation (860 RPM) of rotating machines and most importantly integrating the FBG sensor into a geometrically small scale electrical rotor of vehicles. The FBG sensor response has been simulated using Transfer matrix method (TMM). After that, the FBG has been calibrated from 20 °C to 70 °C using a heating furnace fabricated at our laboratory. A small rotating machine with embedded FBG has then been designed and fabricated. The temperature of the rotor has been changed while rotating the machine and wavelength shifts due to temperature variations have been experimentally measured up to 860 RPM. A temperature sensitivity of 4.7 pm/°C have been experimentally reached. The ability of this sensor to monitor real time temperature variations of the rotor has been experimentally validated
Gouin, Samuel. "Cavités laser de haute puissance sans épissure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31752.
Full textIn a rapidly growing market, high power fiber laser development is key in making this technology available to a large number of industries. Laser manufacturers must constantly develop new methods to upgrade lasers performances and reliability if they want to keep a significant market share. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) inscription in a continuous doped fiber segment allows the possibility for a splice less laser cavity, such a laser cavity being more reliable, fasterto build and granting higher laser efficiencies.The experiments demonstrated the feasibility of FBG inscription in an ytterbium doped fiber with a sufficient reflectivity and low enough heating losses to withstand an emission power of 538 W with 77% laser efficiency, the maximum power being currently limited by the available pump power. By extrapolating the data, it is found that the gratings have a low enough heating slope to support a laser emission of 1030 W. The different laser cavities assembled showed that it is very difficult to make a splice less single mode laser cavity in a high brightness fiber, because the injection mode filtering technique cannot be used. However, it has been shown that by using a large mode area fiber (LMA), a splice less single mode laser cavity can be made and that counter-pumping yields the best efficiency. Numerical simulations allowed us to understand that the power distribution inside of the laser creates an uneven heating between the FBG, making extra considerations mandatory to avoid spectral shift between the gratings. The project has shown that it is conceivable to commercialise a splice less laser emitting 1 kW in a near future and that the current available technology would allow such a realisation.
Ali, Alvarez Shamyr Sadat. "Capteurs de corrosion à fibre optique pour la surveillance répartie d’ouvrages en béton armé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI042.
Full textCorrosion of reinforced bars (rebars) in concrete structures remains a major issue in civil engineering works, being its detection and evolution a challenge for the applied research. Usual non-destructive corrosion detection methods involve impedance, potential or ultra-sonic indirect measurements of complex interpretation. Besides, they are restricted to near-surface examinations and the maintenance cost is still high (scheduled maintenance). Many efforts remain to be done to survey the onset and progression of corrosion processes in a reliable way. In this work, we present a new methodology to detect the onset of corrosion and to monitor its evolution, based on the direct observation of rebar–concrete interface changes by the use of an Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS). The corrosion attack over rebar surface depends on several physical, chemical and electrochemical parameters (temperature, pH, presence of chlorides/CO2, biological contamination, etc.). Two types of mechanical behavior and described. In the first case (carbonation), metal oxidation products stay at the interface and increase internal pressure, potentially leading to a crack of the external concrete layer. In the second case (pitting), metal ions are evacuated out of the structure, leading to a reduction of the rebar section (structural weakness). An innovative sensor design is proposed with the purpose of localizing and quantifying the amount of both corrosion types. The basic principle consists in measuring the impact of corrosion over the state of strain of a prestressed optical fiber. Two metrological techniques are used: Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). Accelerated corrosion tests were performed in electrolytic solutions for both kinds of corrosion types (pitting and carbonation) and provide a proof-of-concept for the technique. A low-cost, simplified manufacturing procedure is proposed with the aim to provide distributed and in situ Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), suitable for future Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) of civil engineering concrete structures
Mechin, David. "Etude et réalisation de multiplexeurs insertion-extraction à réseaux de Bragg." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287814.
Full textFernandez, Fernandez Alberto. "Photonics for nuclear environments from radiation effects to applications in sensing and data-communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210843.
Full textCongar, Antoine. "Affinement spectral et bruit d'intensité de sources cohérentes de lumière à base de diodes laser en nitrure de gallium émettant dans le bleu." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S054.
Full textStudying relative intensity noise (RIN) of gallium nitride edge emitting laser diodes, the strong correlation between noise dynamics and spectral behavior impacted by mode clustering is highlighted. An analytical model is used to explain experimental results. Then we study single-longitudinal-mode laser diode (LD) emitting around 420 nm. Spectral filtering is achieved using high order aperiodic Bragg grating. A novel approach, involving standard lithography technique with a resolution close to the micron, is proposed unlike most of works of the domain using high resolution e-beam lithography. Release of the resolution constraint paves the way for mass production of low-cost single-mode diode laser devices. Aperiodic grating, mostly used in the telecom range, is designed to 420 nm diode laser using numerical modelling. First single-mode structures are fabricated at EPFL. Measurements of optically pumped devices prove the feasibility of the technique. In the third work we study spectral narrowing of InGaN LD by means of external cavity. Feedback is provided by a specially designed 400 nm Bragg grating optically written on a single-mode fiber. Using that setup, we obtain single-frequency emission with more than 40 dB side-mode suppression ratio, about 50 mW optical power and less than 2.4 MHz linewidth
Nezih, Belhadj. "Modélisation vectorielle de la biréfringence photoinduite observée dans les réseaux photoinscrits." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20271.
Full textBulot, Patrick. "Étude et réalisation sur tour de fibrage de capteurs à fibre optique pour environnements extrêmes." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R018.
Full textThe Ph.D. work focuses on the realisation of optical fibre sensors protected by a high-temperature resistant coating. The aim application temperature is above 350 °C. One part of the work is done on a fibre draw tower to improve the mechanical reliability of these compact sensors.The first part of the presented work focuses on the microstructural study of point-by-point fibre Bragg gratings. These gratings are inscribed in the optical fibre core with a femtosecond laser. The analysis by transmission electronic microscopy shows germanium chemical gradient near the periodic modifications. This gradient could partially explain the spectral evolutions of these sensors at 1000 °C.The second study shows the performances of zirconia nanoparticle-doped optical fibres for distributed sensing at 800 °C by Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry. These fibres have a better stability of temperature measurement than conventional fibres for optical telecommunication.The third study is related to the mechanical protection of optical fibres by a high-temperature resistant coating. For the first time, a silicone coating with fillers is studied like a coating for optical fibre. The coating is applied on fibre Bragg gratings by dip-coating to study the behaviour of the coating on the fibre up to 470 °C. Then the coating is applied on an optical fibre by using a fibre draw tower. A 100 meter-length fibre is protected with a thickness of around 13 µm
Demirel, Mustafa. "Contribution à l'optimisation des mesures de température et de déformations par capteur à fibre optique à réseau de Bragg : application au procédé de fabrication des composites par infusion de résine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440938.
Full textDupont, Fabien. "Caractérisation d'impulsions courtes par filtrage spectral à l'aide de réseaux de BRAGG superposés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23621/23621.pdf.
Full textLagrost, Alexandra. "Génération de peignes de longueurs d'ondes à haut débit pour les télécommunications optiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656651.
Full textLin, Chih-Lang. "Applications des propriétés opto-mécaniques de matériaux microstructurés : 1) Capteurs à réseaux de Bragg sur fibre 2) Microcapteurs manipulés par laser." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10143.
Full textThis work involves two topics which are fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and laser driven microsensors. Ln the first part, a framework for the interpretation of reflected FBG spectra under a non-uniform strain field is proposed and experimental results for a crack tip strain field are presented. The effect of FBG gauge lengths on the measurements is examined and interpreted. The results are analyzed to see whal information can be derived and how accurate the interpreted strain results are. Ln the second part, the fabrication of laser driven polymer microsensors for viscosimetry, velocimetry and micropump applications is considered. These sensors are readily made with a low-cost polymerization technique based on two-photon absorption. A linearly polarized optical tweezers is used to trap one sensor, freely floating in the liquid to be characterized, at the laser focal point and to generate the optical torque needed for local hydrodynamic measurements. Viscosity and velocity microsensors have slab shapes that align in the polarization direction. The local viscosity is deduced from the maximum rotation frequency generated by the rotating linear polarization, while the fluid velocity is obtained by measuring the maximum angle that equilibrates the optical and drag torques. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. Micropumps are micron-size Archimedes screws that rotate around their long axis when trapped at the focal point. The rotation is due to the optical torque that is transferred by the laser scattering on the screw
Magné, Julien. "Traitement optique du signal émis par un laser à fibre mode-locked passif : application à la multiplication et à la sculpture d'impulsions." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19285.
Full textStephane, Ginestar. "Realisation et caractérisation d'un laser DFB bi-mode pour application radio sur fibre." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464156.
Full textChuzeville, Vincent Pierre. "Amorçage en détonation des explosifs hétérogènes de type coulé fondu : Etablissement de corrélations entre microstructure et réactivité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY014/document.
Full textThis study deals with the detonation initiation by shock of condensed melt-cast high explosives. Solid explosives are heterogeneous materials, made of energetic material grains in a binder, which can be energetic itself. If the existence of hot-spots, preferred initiation sites for chemical reaction at the local scale, is widely recognized, the reaction growth topology, and the microstructure influence, are poorly known for melt-cast explosives. We study here two melt-cast explosive families: hexolites, a mix of hexogen (RDX) grains and trinitrotoluene (TNT) binder, and ontalites made of nitrotriazolone (NTO) and TNT. This study has been focused on the triptyque: characterization - experimentations - modeling.An important work of compilation and re-exploitation of literature data, combined with pure explosives’ equation of state modeling, allowed us to define laws to calculate the explosives’ comportment under a shock solicitation. These ones have been validated, thanks to a mixing method, on different melt-cast and cast-curd plastic bonded explosives. At the same time, the compositions’ microstructure has been also characterized via granulometry measurements and microtomographies, never published for this type of explosive.Plate impact tests have been performed in order to establish the reactive shock trajectory of these compositions, allowing us to determine the relation between the run-distance of detonation and the input pressure. It brought the microstructure influence on hexolite shock sensitivity to light, and gave us some first results for ontalites. The use of continuous and innovative measurements, as microwave interferometry and chirped fiber Bragg gratings, allowed us to study the shock to detonation transition (SDT) with a resolution never seen before. Finally, non-sustained plate impact test have been performed for a validation purpose.A SDT model is proposed. Based on a germination-growth approach of deflagration fronts at the local scale, it takes into account the explosive’s microstructure. This work seems to show the grain fragmentation under shock influence, point we will have to study in the future. Finally, a completion step of reactions, associated with chemical kinetics calculations, has been studied
Andrusyak, Oleksiy G. "Dense spectral beam combining with volume Bragg gratings in photo-thermo-refractive glass." Thesis, Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002662.
Full textBuckley, Colman. "Conception et réalisation d’un endomicroscope polarimétrique de Mueller à fibre en vue d’une application à l’aide au diagnostic médical in vivo." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0063.
Full textThe structure of biological tissues on submicron scale can be efficiently caracterized by optical Mueller polarimetry, which gives this technique a great interest for an aid to early medical diagnosis of diverse pathologies affecting the extracellular matrix, such as some cancers. In order to extend the application field to the caracterization of internal organs, Mueller polarimetry can be developed through an optical fiber as an endoscope, thanks to a two wavelengths differential measurement method (called“bichromatic method”) developed at the Xlim institute. The work carried out in this thesis aims to design and realize a fiber based Mueller polarimetric endomicroscope, based on the bichromatic method, meeting the requirements of in vivo endoscopic imaging. In the first place, we develop an accelerated data acquisition procedure allowing to reduce from several hours to a few seconds the realization time of a Mueller image. Thereafter, we develop a microprobe located at the distal tip of the endoscopic fiber, with dimensions sufficiently small to be used in endoscopy (length : 30 mm, diameter : 3 mm), including a fast scanning system (microscanner) done by the mechanical resonance of the fiber tip. The miniaturized dichroic filter required to implement the bichromatic method is a fiber Bragg grating photowritten into the fiber core. The design, the fabrication, the spectral and polarimetric characterizations of this key component are the subject of an in-depth study. Finally, after the detailed description of the microprobe, we present and comment on the Mueller polarimetric images of a known waveplate and a biological sample (type I collagen) realized with the endomicroscope equiped with this microprobe (1 image/2s, 250 x 250pixels, field of view : 400μm, resolution : 4μm). These images confirm the validity of the realized instrument. At last, we propose and experiment a solution to determine spatial depolarization through the endoscopic fiber, based on the decomposition of the sum of Mueller matrices of neighbouring pixels
Pruneau, Godmaire Xavier. "Micro-usinage de fibres optiques avec un laser CO₂." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23028.
Full textMorvan, Pierre-Antoine. "Mesures de déformations par capteurs à fibres optiques au cœur de matériaux composites." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ad04d174-7b51-4ba6-ac5d-495f007179ba.
Full textThe use of optical fibers for strain measurements tends to generalize because of its numerous advantages over other sensor technologies. Today strain gauges based on the use of optical fiber are easy and commercially available. However, this can become complex when the fiber is embedded into a material displaying very different mechanical properties from the properties of the silica. The main purpose of this work is to further question the use of fiber optic strain sensors to obtain quantifiable and/or relevant measures inside composite materials. Firstly we present a state of the art of different types of fiber optic sensors by focusing our attention on their use in composite materials. The second part of this work is devoted to optical fibers included in different homogeneous materials. Analytical and numerical models are compared to experimental studies in order to quantify measurement errors eventually made when the sensor is embedded into a material. Then a method is proposed in order to obtain both the longitudinal and the radial strain with only one optical fiber sensor. Finally, the concepts presented in the second part are validated through the study of a specimen made of two materials crossing the sensor’s location. Furthermore we evaluate the use of this sensor in a laminated composite structure under a different configuration than that proposed in the literature : the sensor is inserted across the thickness of the laminate
Sabra, Mostafa. "Développement de lasers à fibres thulium bi-fréquences à impulsions synchrones pour la réalisation de sources Térahertz." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0118.
Full textAs part of a collaborative project between the XLIM laboratory (UMR 7252 of the CNRS and the University of Limoges) and the IPHT research laboratory located in Jena, Germany, my thesis project consists in the development of a widely tunable dual-wavelength synchronous pulsed thulium doped fiber laser for the realization of an efficient and tunable terahertz source. Based on the use of two volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) and a double-clad, polarization-maintaining thulium doped fiber (core diameter = 20 μm) manufactured by the REPUSIL method, a widely tunable single-wavelength laser and dual-wavelength laser has been realized and studied in continuous regime. A tunability of 1 nm to 144 nm was obtained with a power more than 4.5 W and a good signal-to-noise contrast (~ 45 dB) and a spectral linewidth less than 0.1 nm. In pulse regime, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) was used in free space in the laser cavity to generate the pulses. The double-clad fiber has been replaced by a large-core thulium doped fiber (40 μm) called FA-LPF to to fend off the threshold of non-linear effects and work with a short fiber to decrease the pulse duration and increase the peak power of the obtained pulses. A widely tunable (from 3.8 nm to 120 nm) Q-switched dual-wavelength synchronous-pulsed thulium-doped fiber laser was developed with a peak power more than 8 kW and a pulse duration around 26 ns obtained independently of the value of Δλ at 1 kHz of repetition rate. A contrast higher than 20 dB was obtained limited by the FWM peaks generated for Δλ values below 45 nm. The spectral linewidth of the laser measured at 3 dB of the maximum was less than 0.3 nm
Triollet, Sébastien. "Développement d’un capteur à fibre optique à base de réseaux de Bragg superposés de courtes et de longues périodes : application à la mesure discriminée de température et de déformation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4018/document.
Full text[Optical Fibre Sensors present some interesting qualities when considering its size and weight relatively light, which lead to a low intrusivity of the sensor in a material (a composite structure). These sensors are insensitive to electromagnetic phenomenon, stable and long lasting with time, but sensitive to several solicitations such as temperature, strain and pressure hence a real need of discrimination. Among these sensors, we may discern the Bragg gratings: the Long Period Grating one (LPG) and the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) one. This thesis work reports the development of an optical fibre sensor based on two superimposed Bragg gratings: LPG and FBG for measuring and discriminating temperature and strain. Several studies are reported in literature without getting a real condition use. That's why we propose a parameter E, which stand for the discrimination efficiency leading to a possible comparison of the existing techniques and highlight the quite good potential of superimposed Bragg gratings. The settings of such a structure are given in this thesis report and consist in writing LPG first, then FBG over the entire length of the LPG, which also gives multiplexing possibilities. Strain and temperature calibration steps give sensitivities errors of 2% for temperature and 3% for strain, which lead to estimated errors on measured strain and temperature of 0.3°C and 3 microstrain respectively. In an application point of view, the sensor has been used for the instrumentation of a metallic structure subjected to a variation of temperature and strain applied simultaneously. The results exhibit a maximum error of 0.4°C and 3me for temperature and strain respectively, which is a good validation of the sensor for structural control and monitoring purpose. The second studied application is about instrumentation of glass/epoxy composite specimen for monitoring manufacturing processes: VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding) and LRI (Liquid Resin Infusion), for which temperature and strain have been monitored with the superimposed Bragg gratings based sensor. Dielectric analyses have also been performed during those processes in order to compare and validate our results]
Chetrite, Bruno. "Analyse de la mesure simultanée de la déformation et de la température par Capteurs à Fibres Optiques intrinsèques- Etude d'une configuration associant un polarimètre et un réseau de Bragg." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30019.
Full textSouici, Mohamed Tahar. "Etude et conception d'un capteur d'ondes acoustiques en milieu sous-marin à base de laser à fibre dopée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20091/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the feasibility of an acoustic wave sensor based on fiber laser. This hydrophone should allow the detection of low hydrostatic pressure fluctuations encountered in deep marine. Under the influence of an acoustic disturbance is stretched the laser; thereby changing the pitch of the Bragg grating and thus its transmission frequency. The information is coded in the frequency of the emitted light. The intrinsic frequency noise of the laser must be as low as possible so it is important to be able to measure in the frequency band of $[DC-20KHz]$. Thus we conduct a thorough study of the physical properties of the laser emission in terms of temporal coherence.The sensitivity of a fiber laser acoustic pressure is insufficient. It is essential to design a mechanical amplifier for to increase the signal to noise ratio of the sensor
Triollet, Sébastien. "Développement d'un capteur à fibre optique à base de réseaux de Bragg superposés de courtes et de longues périodes : application à la mesure discriminée de température et de déformation." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688229.
Full textDruet, Tom. "Tomographie passive par ondes guidées pour des applications de contrôle santé intégré." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0032/document.
Full textThis manuscript presents a baseline-free quantitative method for the imaging of corrosion flaws present in thin plates. This method only requires an embedded guided waves sensors network in a fully passive way. The field ofapplications are Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of critical structures with heavy constrains on both sensors intrusiveness and diagnostic reliability. A promising solution allowing to increase the number of measurement points without increasing the intrusiveness of the system is provided by the Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). However, unlike piezoelectric transducers generally used in SHM, the FBGs cannot emit elastic waves. The idea consists in using passive methods in order to retrieve the Green function from elastic diffuse fields - naturally present in structures - measured simultaneously between two sensors. In this manuscript, two passive methods are studied: the ambient noise correlation and the passive inverse filter. It is shown that the latter gives better results when coupled with tomography. Several tomography algorithms are assessed with numerical simulations and then applied to active and passive datasets measured by a PZT network. In order to make passive tomography robust, a time of flight identification method is proposed, based on a time-frequency representation. Finally, a novel experimental demonstration of passive measurements with FBGs only is presented, suggesting high potential for FBGs passive tomography
Costes, Sylvain. "Extension de l'approche par la courbe maitresse de la prédiction des durées de vie de réseaux d'indice complexes inscrits par UV dans les fibres." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917592.
Full textLepinay, Sandrine. "Développement de couches polymères nanométriques pour l'immobilisation de récepteurs naturels et le design de récepteurs synthétiques sur des transducteurs optiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1099.
Full textTo answer to an always increasing request in sensors, optical measurement systems allowing the detection of natural or synthetic receptors on inorganic substrates were elaborated. By Plasmon Surface Resonance (SPR), we showed that thin films constituted with copolymers of N-(acryloxysuccinimide) and poly (ethylene glycol) acrylates derivatives or that a thin film of polyglycidol presented a strong resistance in non-specific protein adsorption and that they allowed a covalent grafting of biomolecules through their respective reagent groupings. A new sensor, a tilted fiber Bragg gratings was then developed and characterized by using multilayers films presenting selective and reversible properties of recognition by forming inclusion complexes between polymers of cyclodextrine and adamantine derivatives. From this optical fiber, it was also possible to follow in real time interfacial conformation transition, according to the pH, of poly(acrylic acid) chains immobilized covalently on the substrate. For both approaches, biosensors for the detection of bovin serum albumin (BSA) were realized. Furthermore, the inclusion properties of cyclodextrine compounds allowed also the complexation of small hydrophobic molecules such as toluene, which forming chemical sensors. Finally, to avoid the use of a biological material, molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) were also developed. Their selectivity, specificity and sensibility toward gallic acid, the target molecule, were estimated by cyclic voltammetry. The results confirm that these polymers can be considered as artificial receptors
Palavicini, Cham Carlos Alberto. "Analyse de composants photoniques par réflectométrie à faible cohérence sensible à la phase." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000751.
Full textBarnier, Fabien. "Fibre Bragg grating techniques." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322570.
Full textHoang, Huu Tinh. "Contrôle santé intégré passif par ondes élastiques guidées de tuyauteries pour applications nucléaires et pétrolières." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0023.
Full textStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors into a structure in order to monitor its health inreal time throughout its lifetime. The research works carried out in this thesis aimed at developing a new approachof SHM for the detection of corrosion/erosion in pipes. This manuscript presents a new quantitative imaging method,called passive elastic guided wave tomography, based on the use of an embedded network of piezoelectric sensors(PZT) listening and analyzing only the ambient elastic noise which is naturally generated by the fluid circulation inpipes. This passive method offers many advantages for a SHM system, such as reduction of energy consumption,simplified electronics and ability to perform an inspection while the structure is in operation. In addition, thispassive method makes SHM systems possible to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) which have several advantagesover traditional PZT sensors (low intrusivity, resistance to harsh environments, etc.) but which are not able to emitwaves. A first demonstration of the feasibility of corrosion/erosion imaging by FBG is illustrated experimentallythanks to a result obtained by hybrid tomography in which wave emission is performed by PZT and reception byFBG. All these works offer promising perspectives for the application of passive tomography on industrial structuresusing a pure FBG system. Among the various results presented in this thesis, we also show that corrosion/erosiondefects can be characterized by tomography on a straight pipe without the need for a baseline measurement in apristine state. It is feasible by using a new method of auto-calibration of the data used for tomography. The absenceof baseline measurement makes the method very reliable and avoid false alarms of the system. Finally, preliminarystudies on tomography for more complex structures such as a bended pipe have been realized and validated throughsimulations
Gauden, Damien. "Etude et réalisation de composants passifs accordables pour les systèmes de télécommunication hauts débits." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1E001.
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