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1
Cock, Alexander. "The high temperature erosion of coated thermal barrier tiles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301871.
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Li, Xin. "Mechanical properties and water resistance of cellulosic fiberboards with soybean protein based adhesives." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13539.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Xuzhi Susan Sun
Large amount of fiberboard are used for packaging applications every year, which generate a large amount of solid wastes causing environmental pollution if these packaging materials are not recycled. Also, a large amount of wood are needed for making fiberboard, which is limited resource in the earth. Reducing the weight of fiberboard and recycling the fiberboard materials are two methods to save quantities of wood fiber in fiberboard manufacture, which benefit the environment and economy. Besides, most adhesives used for producing the fiberboard contain environmental hazardous chemicals. It is necessary to develop new technology to produce cellulosic fiberboards with environmental friendly bio-based adhesives. The soybean is an agricultural product, and its resource is abundant. Soybean protein is a bio- material that offers an alternative to the existing synthetic adhesives to reduce petroleum dependence of the U.S. energy strategy. The newly developed soy-based adhesive is also competitive in cost. Material cost based on food-grade soybean protein is around 20 cents/Lb. The cost of commercial PF resin is about 14 ~ 17 cents/Lb. Price of hot-melt adhesive for fiberboard is around $6/Lb. In this study, soybean protein was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an adhesive for two bio-based fiberboards products, medium density fiberboard by dry processing and light weight cardboard by wet processing. The mechanical and water soaking properties of these cellulosic fiberboards were stronger than or as same as commercial solid fiberboard. This research suggests that these cellulosic fiberboards with modified soybean protein based adhesive have great potential as alternative to current commercial fiberboard.
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Theng, Dyna. "Feasibility of incorporating treated lignin and cellulose nanofiber in fiberboards made from corn stalk and rice straw." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461717.
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Agricultural waste is of particularly interest due to abudant, cheap, widely available worldwide and renewable material. It represent a good option for wood sources substitution, containing similar in chemical and physical characteristics. The present Doctoral Thesis studies the possibility of substituting wood sources by crop residues and replacing synthetic binders by natural adhesives in fiberboard production. Corn and rice biomass were selected as raw materials, followed by thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) pretreatment. Fiberboards made of TMP of both crop residues without any binder presented lower mechanical properties than commercial ones (which contained synthetic binder). In term of physical properties, lower water absorption and thickness swelling were found for the fiberboards made of crop residues than for the commercial one. Overall, the present study shows a more sustainable and effective way of producing cellulose-based fiberboards without aid of any synthetic binder, contributing thus to both technical and environmental aspects of fiberboard manufacturingEls residus agrícoles tenen un gran interès per ser un material abundant , barat, àmpliament disponible a tot el món i renovable. Es tracta d'una bona opció per substituir la fusta, i presenta característiques físiques i químiques similars a aquesta. La present tesi doctoral estudia la possibilitat de substituir la fusta i els aglutinants sintètics per residus de cultius i adhesius naturals respectivament en la producció panell de fibres. La biomassa de blat de moro i arròs sotmesa a un tractament termomecànic (TMP)es va seleccionar com a matèria primera. El panell de fibra resultant d'ambdós residus sense cap tipus d'aglutinant presentaven propietats mecàniques més baixes que els panells comercials (que contenien un lligant sintètic). Respecte a les propietats físiques, es va observar un augment de volum i espessor al absorbir aigua menors en el panell de fibres naturals que no pas en els comercials. En general, el present estudi mostra una forma més sostenible i efectiva de produir panells de fibra a base de cel·lulosa sense utilitzar aglutinant sintètic, fet que contribueix a la millora d’aspectes tècnics i ambientals en el procés de fabricació dels panells de fibra
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Mancera, Arias Camilo. "Binderless fiberboard production from Cynara cardunculus and Vitis vinifera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8494.
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Binderless fiberboard production from Cynara cardunculus and Vitis viniferaTwo lignocellulosic materials, Cynara cardunculus and Vitis vinifera, were pretreated and used to produce fiberboards without synthetic adhesives. The lignocellulosic materials were steam exploded through a thermo-mechanical vapor process in a batch reactor. After pretreatment the materials were dried, ground and pressed to produce the boards. The effects of pretreatment factors and pressing conditions on the chemical and physicomechanical properties of the fiberboards were evaluated and the conditions that optimize these properties were found. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design and multiple response optimization were used. The variables studied were: pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, pressing temperature, pressing pressure, and pressing time.
Binderless fiberboards produced from Cynara cardunculus stalks at the optimum conditions found fulfilled the European standards for boards of internal use. Nevertheless, binderless fiberboards produced from Vitis vinifera prunings at the optimum conditions found for this material did not completely met the European standards; modulus of rupture and internal bond values for these boards were lower than required minimums.
Simultaneously, commercial Kraft lignin was reacted in an alkaline medium to enhance its adhesive properties. Chemical changes in reacted Kraft lignins that include ash content, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin and sugars were determined, as well as, structural characteristics of these lignins in terms of phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, methoxyl, carbonyl, Mw, Mn and polydispersity. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on lignin properties were studied using response surface methodology, and optimal reaction conditions were found.
Two different types of Kraft lignin were used, alkali treated Kraft lignin and crude acid-washed Kraft lignin, as additives to enhance the physicomechanical properties of binderless fiberboards produced from Vitis vinifera to reach and overcome the European standards completely. At the end fiberboards produced with 20% of Vitis vinifera fibers replaced by crude acid-washed Kraft lignin were able to meet the European standards completely.
This research work was an effort to reduce our dependency upon petroleum derivates, to diminish deforestation and to increase the use of renewable and biodegradable materials with the intention of preserving the environment and to encourage a sustainable development of our society.
Producción de Tableros de Fibras a partir de Cynara cardunculus y Vitis vinifera
En el presente estudio trozos Cynara cardunculus y Vitis vinifera fueron pretratados, y usados para producir tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos. Estos materiales lignocelulósicos se explotaron con vapor a través de un proceso termomecánico de vapor en un reactor por lotes. Después del pretratamiento el material fue secado, molido y prensado en caliente para producir los tableros. Se evaluaron los efectos de los factores del pretratamiento (temperatura de reacción y tiempo de reacción) y las condiciones de prensado (presión de prensado, temperatura y tiempo) sobre las propiedades químicas y físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras y se establecieron las condiciones que optimizan dichas propiedades. Las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras que fueron estudiadas son: densidad, módulo de elasticidad (MOE), módulo de ruptura (MOR), enlace interno (IB), absorción de agua (WA) y hinchazón en hinchazón (TS) y las propiedades químicas estudiadas de la materia prima y el material pretratado fueron las siguientes: Cenizas, contenido de lignina Klason, contenido de celulosa y contenido de hemicelulosas. Se uso una metodología de superficie de respuesta basada en un diseño de experimentos del tipo central compuesto y una metodología de optimización de respuesta múltiple.
Los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de tallos de Cynara cardunculus a las condiciones óptimas encontradas cumplieron con las normas europeas para los tableros de uso interno. Sin embargo, los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de podas de Vitis vinifera a las condiciones óptimas encontradas para este material no cumplieron totalmente las normas europeas; los valores del módulo de ruptura y del enlace interno para estos tableros fueron inferiores a los mínimos requeridos.
Una lignina Kraft comercial fue sometida a reacción en un medio alcalino para mejorar sus propiedades adhesivas. Se determinaron los cambios químicos en las ligninas Kraft tratadas, las propiedades medidas fueron: contenido en cenizas, lignina Klason, lignina soluble en ácido y azúcares, también se determinaron las características estructurales de estas ligninas en términos de hidroxilos fenólicos, hidroxilos alifáticos, metóxilos, carbonilos, Mw, Mn y polidispersidad. Se estudiaron los efectos de la temperatura de reacción y el tiempo de reacción sobre las propiedades de la lignina con una metodología de superficie de respuesta, y se encontraron la condiciones óptimas de reacción.
Se usaron dos tipos diferentes de lignina Kraft, lignina Kraft tratada en medio alcalino y lignina Kraft cruda lavada con ácido, como aditivos para mejorar las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de Vitis vinifera, para alcanzar y superar las normas europeas completamente. Al final los tableros de fibras producidos con una substitución del 20% de fibras de Vitis vinifera por lignina Kraft cruda lavada con ácido fueron capaces de satisfacer las normas europeas por completo.Este trabajo de investigación fue un esfuerzo para reducir nuestra dependencia de los derivados del petróleo, para disminuir la deforestación y para aumentar el uso de materiales renovables y biodegradables con la intención de preservar el medio ambiente y fomentar un desarrollo sostenible de nuestra sociedad.
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Sauget, Alix. "Développement de matériaux composites fibreux hautes perfomances à matrice bio-sourcée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0085/document.
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La mutation de nos activités industrielles vers le développement durable est l’un des plus gros enjeux humains du 21ème siècle. L’utilisation de la biomasse dans divers domaines tels que l’énergie, la construction et les matériaux est une réponse face à la raréfaction des ressources fossiles et face aux risques écologiques. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de créer de nouveaux matériaux les plus bio-sourcés possibles et d’optimiser les propriétés de ces matériaux en vue d’une éventuelle utilisation industrielle. Les travaux présentés ici traitent de la fabrication de matériaux composites à renforts de fibres naturelles, ayant pour matrice des résines bio-sourcées. Les ressources végétales principalement étudiées ici sont les tannins, utilisés pour la réalisation de : - Composites à matrice tannin – hexamine - Composites à matrice tannin – résorcine – aldéhyde Les tannins végétaux ont également été étudiés pour la conception de bio-plastiques tannin – alcool furfurylique pouvant être appliqués à la fabrication de composites. Les panneaux composites ont été réalisés en laboratoire et analysés mécaniquement en se basant sur des méthodes normatives européennes. Les résines ont également été caractérisées à l’aide de diverses techniques telles que l’analyse thermomécanique (TMA) ou la spectroscopie de masse MALDI-ToF. Au final, ces travaux ont permis de réaliser des matériaux composites hautement bio-sourcés, aux propriétés homogènes et reproductibles satisfaisant en outre les exigences d’emploi de plusieurs normes européennesChanging our industrial activities towards sustainable development is one of the major human concerns of the 21th century. The use of biomass in various areas like energy, construction and materials is an answer to the future scarcity of fossil resources and to the ecological risks. The objectives of this thesis are to create new materials with the highest bio-based content possible and then to optimize these materials properties for a potential industrial use. The work presented here is about the fabrication of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers, using bio-based resins as a matrix. The main vegetable resources studied here are tannins, used to make: - Tannin – hexamine matrix composites - Tannin – resorcinol – aldehyde matrix composites Vegetable tannins were also studied to prepare tannin – furfuryl alcohol bio-plastics that may be used in the composites fabrication. The composites boards were made in laboratory and mechanically analyzed based on European norms methods. Resins were also characterized using various techniques such as thermomechanical analysis (TMA) or MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The end results of this work is the fabrication of highly bio-based composite materials, with homogenous and repeatable properties that furthermore satisfy several European norms requirements
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Van, Rooyen Petrus Mynhardt. "Is it feasable to increase the medium density fibreboard manufacturing capability in South Africa?" Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/255.
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Medium density fibre (MDF) board is used in various applications in the building-, furniture- and casket industry. The market is shared by solid wood and other flat panels, such as particle board and plywood. The market in South Africa forms part of the global market. Therefore it is possible to import MDF. The demand for MDF is driven by the building industry, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the exchange rate. The CPI is an indication of the consumer’s willingness to purchase furniture or to invest in property with subsequent growth in the building industry. The 2002 market in SA is 500 000m3 for particle board and 110 000m3 for MDF. The imported boards during this same period were particle board 10 000m3 and 22 194m3 for MDF. The extrapolated expected imports for 2003 would be 12 362m3 and 35 045m3 for particle board and MDF respectively. According to the empirical study the market increase for particle board and MDF, for 2003, will be 18%. That means that the particle board market will increase to 590 000m3 and the MDF market to 130 000m3. The 2002 production capacity was 648 000m3 (particle board) and 155 000m3 for MDF. The Sonae factory in White River can produce either particle board or MDF and this influences the production capacities. According to various International databases the requirements for SA in 2020 will be 984 000m3 for particle board and 569 000m3 for MDF. Quick calculation show a shortfall of 414 000m3 for MDF in 2020 when compared to 2002 production capacity. First mover advantage will give the mover the major market share in SA. The demand will be there. All the above calculations have been done without taking the 2010 World Football event in SA into consideration. The question is – all the current players are almost on par to make it happen. The company with the burning desire to make it work will find the finance and will have the controlling market share.
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Eugênio, Rafael Augusto Pinholati [UNESP]. "Painéis de medium density fiberboard produzidos com adesivo alternativo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145030.
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O trabalho consistiu na produção de painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) em escala laboratorial utilizando o adesivo PVA (Poliacetato de Vinila), variando suas concentrações e realizando misturas com a resina comumente empregada neste processo, o adesivo a base de uréia-fomaldeído, onde foi avaliado além das características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis produzidos, também teve o intuito de verificar o desprendimento de formaldeído para o ambiente quando aplicado juntamente com a resina uréia-fomaldeído, e a avaliação dos perfis de densidades dos traços. As amostras foram confeccionadas com fibra de eucalipto, onde as dosagens do adesivo PVA seguiram as seguintes proporções: 30%, 50% e 70%, e para efeito de comparação com as amostras produzidas com a mistura de PVA foram fabricadas provas em branco com 100% uréia-formaldeído. No total foram produzidas 16 amostras, quatro painéis de cada traço, e retirados os corpos de prova que posteriormente foram avaliados conforme a NBR 15316-2:2015 para as condições secas. Todos os insumos foram fornecidos pelo fabricante de painéis Duratex SA, e os testes foram realizados nos laboratórios da empresa. O adesivo PVA mostrou-se bastante favorável, apresentando grande compatibilidade com os demais componentes da formulação, apresentando potencial para fabricação de MDF. Diversos traços conseguiram atender os requisitos da norma, com destaque para módulo de ruptura (MOR), módulo de elasticidade (MOE), obtidos atraves do ensaio de flexão estática, e o teor de umidade. Houve também uma discreta redução na emissão de formol em dois traços (T3 e T4), e na avaliação dos perfis de densidade foi constatado que a formulação dos traços não impactou nas densidades médias da espessura dos painéis.
The work consisted in the production of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) in laboratory scale using PVA adhesive (Polyacetate Vinyl Chloride), varying their concentrations and performing mixtures with commonly used resin in this process, the adhesive base of ureafomaldehyde, which was evaluated in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the panels produced, also aimed to check the formaldehyde release to the environment when applied together with resin urea-fomaldehyde, and evaluation of the densities of the features profiles. The samples were made from eucalyptus fibers where PVA adhesive doses followed the following proportions: 30%, 50% and 70%, and for the purpose of comparison with the samples produced with the mixture of PVA blank tests were made with 100 % ureaformaldehyde. In total, we produced 16 samples, four panels of each stroke, and removed the specimens which were then evaluated according to NBR 15316-2: 2015 for dry conditions. All inputs were provided by the panel manufacturer Duratex SA, and the tests were performed in the company's laboratories. PVA adhesive proved to be very favorable, with high compatibility with the other components of the formulation, with potential for the production of MDF. Many features were able to meet the standard requirements, particularly modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), obtained through the bending, and moisture content test. There was also a slight reduction in formaldehyde emissions by two dashes (T3 and T4), and evaluation of density profiles was found that the formulation of the traits did not affect the average thickness of the thickness of the panels.
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Eugênio, Rafael Augusto Pinholati. "Painéis de medium density fiberboard produzidos com adesivo alternativo /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145030.
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Orientador: Ivaldo De Domenico ValarelliBanca: Rosane Aparecida G. Basttistelle
Banca: Alexandre Jorge Duarte Souza
Resumo: O trabalho consistiu na produção de painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) em escala laboratorial utilizando o adesivo PVA (Poliacetato de Vinila), variando suas concentrações e realizando misturas com a resina comumente empregada neste processo, o adesivo a base de uréia-fomaldeído, onde foi avaliado além das características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis produzidos, também teve o intuito de verificar o desprendimento de formaldeído para o ambiente quando aplicado juntamente com a resina uréia-fomaldeído, e a avaliação dos perfis de densidades dos traços. As amostras foram confeccionadas com fibra de eucalipto, onde as dosagens do adesivo PVA seguiram as seguintes proporções: 30%, 50% e 70%, e para efeito de comparação com as amostras produzidas com a mistura de PVA foram fabricadas provas em branco com 100% uréia-formaldeído. No total foram produzidas 16 amostras, quatro painéis de cada traço, e retirados os corpos de prova que posteriormente foram avaliados conforme a NBR 15316-2:2015 para as condições secas. Todos os insumos foram fornecidos pelo fabricante de painéis Duratex SA, e os testes foram realizados nos laboratórios da empresa. O adesivo PVA mostrou-se bastante favorável, apresentando grande compatibilidade com os demais componentes da formulação, apresentando potencial para fabricação de MDF. Diversos traços conseguiram atender os requisitos da norma, com destaque para módulo de ruptura (MOR), módulo de elasticidade (MOE), obtidos atraves do ensaio de flexã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The work consisted in the production of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) in laboratory seade using PVA adhesive (Polyacetate Chloride), varying their concentration and perfomring mixtures with commonly used resin in this process the adhesive base of urea-fomaldehyde, which was evaluated in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the panels produced, also aimed to check the formaldehyde release to the environment when applied together with resin urea-formaldehyde, and evaluation of the desnsities of the features profiles. The samples were made from eucalyptus fibers where PVA adhesive doses followed proportions: 30%, 50% and 70%, and for the purpose of comparison with the samples produced with the samples produced with the mixture of PVA blank tests were made with 100% urea-formaldehyde. In total, we produced 16 samples, four panels of each stroke, and removed the speciments which then evaluated according to NBR 15316-2:2015 for dry conditions. All inputs were provided by the panel manufacturer Duratex SA, and the tests were performed in the company's laboratories. PVA adhesive proved to be very favorable, with high compatibility with the other components of the formulation, with potential for the production of MDF. Many features were able to meet the standard requirements, particularly modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), obtained through the bending, and moisture content test. There was also a slight reduction in formaldehyde emissions by two dashes (T3 and T4), and evaluation of density profiles was found that the formulation of the traits did not affect the average thickness of the thickness of the panels
Mestre
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Cui, Zhiying. "Denim Fiberboard Fabricated from MUF and pMDI Hybrid Resin System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505281/.
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In this study, a series of denim fiberboards are fabricated using two different resins, malamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). Two experimental design factors (1) adhesive content and (2) MUF-pMDI weight ratio, were studied. All the denim fiberboard samples were fabricated following the same resin blending, cold-press and hot-press procedures. The physical and mechanical tests were conducted on the fiberboard following the procedures described in ASTM D1037 to obtain such as modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), thickness swell (TS), and water absorption (WA). The results indicated that the MOE was significantly affected by both factors. IB was affected significantly by weight ratio of different glue types, with 17 wt% more MDI resin portion in the core layer of the denim boards, the IB for total adhesive content 15% fiberboard was enhanced by 306%, while for total adhesive content 25% fiberboard, enhanced by 205%. TS and WA, with higher adhesive content used in denim boards' fabrication, and more pMDI portion in the core layer of the boards, the boards' TS and WA was reduced by up to 64.2% and 78.8%, respectively.
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Ding, Zhiguang. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Iron Oxide Impregnated Kenaf Bast Fiberboard." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699998/.
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The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of kenaf bast fiber based composites with different iron oxide impregnation levels was investigated. The kenaf fibers were retted to remove the lignin and extractives from the pores in fibers, and then magnetized. Using the unsaturated polyester and the magnetized fibers, kenaf fiber based composites were manufactured by compression molding process. The transmission energies of the composites were characterized when the composite samples were exposed under the irradiation of electromagnetic (EM) wave with a changing frequency from 9 GHz to 11 GHz. Using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the iron oxide nanoparticles were observed on the surfaces and inside the micropore structures of single fibers. The SEM images revealed that the composite’s EM shielding effectiveness was increased due to the adhesion of the iron oxide crystals to the kenaf fiber surfaces. As the Fe content increased from 0% to 6.8%, 15.9% and 18.0%, the total surface free energy of kenaf fibers with magnetizing treat increased from 44.77 mJ/m2 to 46.07 mJ/m2, 48.78 mJ/m2 and 53.02 mJ/m2, respectively, while the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reduced from 2,875 MPa to 2,729 MPa, 2,487 MPa and 2,007 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the shielding effectiveness was increased from 30-50% to 60-70%, 65-75% and 70-80%, respectively.
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Taylor, Jack Arnold 1926. "The structural use of particleboard." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7722.
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Dettmer, Jörn. "Properties comparison of North American manufactured particleboard and medium density fiberboard." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45575.
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A survey of Canadian and US particleboard (PB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturers was performed to identify potential candidates for the mechanical and physical properties comparison study. Sixty-three plants across Canada and the United States were contacted and 19 plants participated in the survey. In order to obtain and compare data on mechanical and physical properties of boards from PB and MDF manufacturers, samples were collected from 10 different manufacturing facilities across Canada and the United States (5 PB and 5 MDF). The performed tests included internal bond (IB), bending and elastic moduli (MOR/MOE), thickness swell (TS), linear expansion (LE), vertical density profile (VDP), and face and edge screw withdrawal resistance (SWR). Each manufacturing facility provided 5 full-sized (2440 by 1220 mm) panels that were tested according to North American standards. For particleboard, 4 out of 5 press lines exceeded the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A208.1-2009 recommendation for IB. Only one of the tested particleboard sets reached the recommended ANSI standard for MOR. Results for the edge SWR showed that none of the tested particleboard manufacturers reached the ANSI recommended value. For MDF, all but one press line exceeded the ANSI standard A208.2-2009 recommended minimum value for MOE. The results for the modulus of rupture for MDF showed two manufacturers exceeding the recommended value, and three failing to meet the recommended value.
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Gupta, Arun. "Modelling and Optimisation of MDF Hot Pressing." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4200.
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There are four big medium density fibreboard (MDF) plants in New Zealand with a total production capacity of close to one million cubic meters per year. A significant quantity of boards (nearly 3% or about 30,000 cubic meters per year) is rejected due to defects such as weak core, low modulus of rupture and elasticity, low internal bonding and delamination. The main cause of these defects, is lack of complete understanding of the inter relationship during the hot-pressing stage between the initial inputs such as temperature, moisture content, platen pressure and its impact on the properties of boards. The best solution is to develop a mathematical model to assist in understanding these relationships and to solve the equations in the model by using advanced software. This will reduce the number of expensive experiments and will enable us to see some of the parameters, which are otherwise difficult to visualise. Several earlier researchers have tried to model hot pressing of wood composites, mostly either for particle board or oriented strand board (OSB), and only a few are for MDF. The type of numerical methods used to solve the model equations and various assumptions, changes from one investigator to the other. The non-availability of source code to convert the mathematical equations into programme, is one of the reasons for this model development. To improve the productivity of MDF plants in New Zealand, there was a need to develop a computer programme which can include all the latest findings and can remove the defects which are present in earlier models. This model attempts a more complete integration than in the previous models of all the components such as heat transfer, moisture movement and vertical density profile formation in a one-dimensional model of hot pressing of MDF. One of the important features added in the heat and mass transfer part of the model is that the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equation given for solid wood was modified to be applicable for the MDF fibres. In addition, this EMC equation can cover the complete range of hot pressing temperature from 160ºC to 200ºC. The changes in fibre moisture content due to bound water diffusion, which was were earlier neglected, was considered. The resin curing reactions for phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins are also incorporated into the model, with the energy and water released during the curing reaction being included in the energy and mass balances. The validation of the heat and mass transfer model was done by comparing the values of core temperature and core pressure from the model and the experiments. The experimental value of core pressure and core temperature is obtained by putting a thermocouple and pressure transducer in the middle of the mat. The experimental core temperature results show qualitative agreement with the predicted results. In the beginning, the core temperatures from both experiment and model overlap each other. In the middle of the press cycle, the experimental core temperature is higher by 10ºC and by the end the difference decreases to 5ºC. The vertical density profile (VDP) is a critical determining factor for the strength and quality of MDF panels. The earlier concept of ratio of modulus of elasticity of the layer to the sum of modulus of elasticity of all the layers in the previous time step, given by Suo and Bowyer (1994), is refined with the latest published findings. The equation given by Carvalho et al. (2001) is used to calculate the MOE of different layers of the mat. The differential equation of a Maxwell element given by Zombori (2001) is used to measure stress, nonlinear strain function and relaxation of fibres. The model gives good agreement of peak and core density at lower platen temperature at 160ºC but with the increase of platen temperature to 198ºC, the rise in peak density is comparatively higher. There is a distinct increase in predicted peak density by 150 kg/m³ in comparison to the experimental result, where the increase is only by 10 kg/m³. There is a large decline (50 kg/m³) in core density in the experimental results in comparison to only a slight decline (13 kg/m³) in the predicted results. The use of Matlab provides a very convenient platform for producing graphical results. The time of computation at present is nearly 20 hrs in a personal computer with Pentium four processor and one GB RAM. The model can predict properties of a pressed board for the standard manufacturing conditions and also the new hot pressing technologies such as the use of steam injection or a cooling zone in the continuous press. A comparative study has been done to show the advantages of using new hot pressing technology. The present model will become an important tool in the hands of wood technologist, process engineers and MDF manufacturing personnel, to better understand the internal processes and to improve production and quality of MDF boards. This theoretical model helped in developing better understanding of internal processes. By using it, we can analyse the impact of platen temperature, moisture content on the core temperature, core pressure and density profile. It gives better insight into the relationship between core pressure and delamination of the board. The model is also able to predict the internal changes in the new hot pressing technologies such as the steam injection pressing and the use of a cooling zone in a continuous press. Using the simulation results, the exact time needed for the complete curing of resin can be calculated and then these results can be applied in the commercial plants. If the pressing time is reduced, then the over all production of both batch press and continuous press will increase. The second part of the project is the development of an empirical model to correlate the physical properties from the MDF board to the mean density. The empirical model is simple and straightforward, and thus can be applied in commercial operation for control and optimization. The empirical model can predict peak density, core density, and modulus of rupture, elasticity and internal bonding within the limits in which those relationships are derived. The model gives good results for thickness ranging from 10 to 13.5 mm and density ranging from 485 kg/m³ to 718 kg/m³.
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Zerizer, Abdellatif. "Contribution à l'étude de l'usinabilité du M. D. F. (Medium density fiberboard)." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10335.
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Un dispositif d'usinage permettant la combinaison de plusieurs paramètres d'action (vitesse d'avance, fréquence de rotation et profondeur de passe) a été mis en place à partir d'une toupie expérimentale adaptée à cet effet. Un plan d'expérience qui délimite à partir des gammes choisies, l'influence de l'ensemble des variables de coupe a été mis en place. Les essais d'usinage pour chacune des combinaisons retenues permettent des relevés d'efforts, de puissances et de forme de copeaux. La suite du travail est consacrée à la caractérisation géométrique ou topographique de l'ensemble de ces surfaces usinées au moyen de diverses méthodes (palpage mécanique, tests viso-tactile et vision artificielle). Celles-ci sont suivies d'essais de mouillabilité de surface liées aux problèmes de revêtement par produits de finition et de comportement mécanique des joints collés par un critère GLC : taux de restitution d'énergie. Parmi l'ensemble des données obtenues, nous avons retenu les résultats les plus significatifs qui aboutissent aux paramètres de coupe optimum. On constate tout d'abord que les trois critères liés à l'emploi : collage (glc), finition (o), aspect (ra) sont liés. Dans l'état actuel de nos travaux, le plus représentatif est GLC qui prend en compte l'ensemble de la topographie de la surface. Cette qualité des surfaces obtenues est liée aux conditions de coupe représentée par la variable EM. Epaisseur moyenne du copeau. Par ailleurs, une surface plus rugueuse obtenue suite à des copeaux épais, donne une énergie de collage plus forte. Cette énergie est basée sur le phénomène d'une plus grande mouillabilité (angle de contact plus faible) et donc une meilleure adhésion. Cependant la création de ce type de surface (copeau épais) nécessite avec elle, une puissance de coupe importante qu'il reste à optimiser.
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Paunonen, Sara. "Influence of moisture on the performance of polyethylene coated solid fiberboard and boxes." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemisk prosessteknologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11256.
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Effects of moisture on the mechanical properties of one commercial solid fiberboard grade and on the compression strength of mill-fabricated transport boxes made from this material were studied. The solid fiberboard (1220 g/m2 ) has four middle layers made of old corrugated container (OCC). The middle layers are strongly internally sized with rosin sizing. The outer layers on both sides are made of bleached machine finished kraft paper. The kraft paper has extrusion coated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) doublelayer as moisture barrier. The six paper and paperboard layers are glued together in an industrial lamination process. The boxes have unusual design including double-panel walls and webbed corners, and they are used in wet and humid conditions for transporting fresh round fish. The transportation takes up to eight days at the ambient environment of 4°C and 90-100% RH. These conditions are taken as the framework of the study. Results show that the LDPE coating considerably slows down the transverse moisture penetration. The in-plane diffusivity (5.9·10-10 m2 /s, 27°C, 50/90% RH) was determined with an integrated unsteady state moisture transport model and was found to be nine times higher than the transverse diffusivity through the PE layer. Based on the diffusivity, water vapor can theoretically affect 80 mm from the open unsealed board edge during transport. Experiments show that liquid water penetrates 40-50 mm during eight days. In the middle of the sheet the moisture content increases moderately, approximately 0.3 percentage points during transport. The packaging producer’s main concern is thus to ensure that the open material edges are at least 80 mm away from the load bearing sections of the box. Due to uneven moisture penetration into the boxes, the average moisture of a box is a questionable measure of moisture pick-up. Instead one should consider the moisture content of the load bearing parts. The role of the adhesion layers in bending stiffness of the solid paperboard was modeled with laminate models. Results show that the adhesion layers affect the mechanical properties of the combined board and need to be addressed in the models. Best agreement with the measured bending stiffness values was obtained by a 11-layer model, where the properties of the adhesion layers are taken from the paper-glue-paper sandwich tests. The PE and kraft paper are regarded as one layer in the model. With this model, the calculated bending stiffnesses are close to the measured reference at 50% RH in MD (difference 1%). In 90% RH and in MD the results are 14% lower. Neglecting the adhesion layers gives 5% lower values in 50% RH and 18% in 90% RH compared to the reference measurement in MD. In each of the cases, the difference from reference is larger for the CD material direction. Three thickness measurement techniques (ISO, STFI, and SEM) were used to gather input data for the bending stiffness model. In this application, the ISO technique provided best results compared to the other techniques. It was found that the top-to bottom failure of a box can be expressed as a critical vertical displacement that is independent of moisture content. Similar results have been previously discovered when studying simpler structures like corrugated board panels and regular slotted containers (RSC). This research indicates that the strain dependent failure criterion also applies on more complex box structures. Keywords: paper laminates, solid fiberboard, moisture, mechanical properties, diffusivity, hygroexpansion, bending stiffness, box compression.
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Ding, Wong Ee. "DENSITY PROFILE : ITS FORMATION AND EFFECTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD AND FIBERBOARD." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181910.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7902号
農博第1060号
新制||農||780(附属図書館)
学位論文||H11||N3265(農学部図書室)
UT51-99-G496
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 川井 秀一, 教授 則元 京, 教授 今村 祐嗣
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Park, Byung Dae. "Cure acceleration of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives for three-layer medium density fiberboard (MDF)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ39388.pdf.
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Castro, Eduardo Martins de. "Estudo da usinabilidade de chapas MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) para usinagem de desbaste e acabamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-16092016-110705/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta estudos de usinabilidade de chapas MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), tendo por objetivo principal efetuar uma análise do desempenho de corte em relação à qualidade da superfície usinada e à força específica de corte paralela necessária, a fim de se verificar a influência dos parâmetros estudados para operações de usinagem de acabamento e desbaste, respectivamente. No estudo para operação de acabamento verificou-se a influência da espessura de corte,velocidade de avanço e sentido de corte, em operação de fresamento cilíndrico periférico, sobre a rugosidade superficial da borda das chapas MDF. Uma fresadora vertical foi utilizada para gerar as superfícies, cuja rugosidade superficial foi medida por um perfilômetro de apalpamento. No estudo para operação de desbaste, a força específica de corte paralela foi avaliada em função da variação do ângulo de saída, da espessura de corte e da profundidade de corte, em operação de corte ortogonal. Para tanto, foram empregadas uma plaina limadora e uma célula de carga de extensômetros resistivos, conectada a um programa de aquisição e análise de dados. A partir da análise dos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar a influência de cada parâmetro de corte empregado.This work presents a MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) machinability study aiming to carry out a cutting performance analysis regarding to surface quality and parallel specific cutting force, in order to verify the cutting parameters effect on the finishing and roughing machining operations, respectively. In the finishing study, it was verified the effect of the cutting thickness, cutting speed and direction of cutterhead rotation with relation to feed direction, in peripheral milling, on the MDF edges surface roughness. The surfaces were developed by a moulder, which roughness were measured by a stylus perfilometer. In the roughing study, the parallel specific cutting force was assessed in relation to the variation of the rake angle, cutting thickness and depth of cut, for the orthogonal cut. For this, it was used a planing machine and a resistance dynamometer, coupled in a data acquisition and analysis system. From the analysis of the obtained results, it was possible to identify the influence of each cutting parameter considered.
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Bueno, Marcus Antonio Pereira [UNESP]. "Painéis de Medium Density Fiberboard fabricados com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e madeira de reflorestamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124122.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as potencialidades da utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (SC) aplicado aos painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), juntamente com fibras de madeira de reflorestamento (WR) da espécie eucalipto, na indústria moveleira e de construção civil. Neste estudo, foram produzidos painéis de MDF em quatro traços: 100% WR (T2), 33%SC+67%WR (T3), 67%SC+33%WR (T4) e 100% SC (T5). Também foram analisadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas, segundo a norma brasileira NBR 15316-3 (2009). A densidade alvo dos painéis foi de 700 kg/m, definida como painel de média densidade. Também foi realizado o ensaio por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, (MEV) para se obter e constatar o perfil do topo ou face do painel (parte que fica em contato com os pratos da prensa), e da parte usinada ou parte interna do painel. O adesivo utilizado foi a uréia-formaldeído, na proporção de 10% da massa total do painel. Os resultados analisados indicaram que o traço com 100% SC (T5) apresentou o melhor desempenho entre os trapos, atingidos em alguns casos os valores recomendados pela NBR 15316-2 (2009). Pelos resultados averiguados o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar apresentou bom potencial para a fabricação de painéis MDF, devendo ser estudado com maior aprimoramento
The objective of this study was to analyze the potentialities of using sugarcane bagasse (SC) applied to MDF panels (Medium Density Fiberboard), along with reflorestation wood fibers (WR) of eucalyptus species, in the industry of furniture and construction. In this study, it was produced panels of MDF in four traces: 100% WR (T2), 33% SC+67% WR (T3), 67% SC+33% WR (T4) and 100% SC (T5). Also it was analyzed its physical and mechanical properties, according to the Brazilian standard NBR 15316-3 (2009). The target density of the panels was 700 kg/m, defined as medium density fiberboard. In addition it was carried out surface analysis of the top and the internal part of the panel through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The panels were bonded with urea-formaldehyde, in the proportion of 10% by mass of the panel. The results indicated that the trace with 100% SC (T5) showed the best performance among the traces, reaching, in some cases, the values recommended by NBR 15316-2 (2009). This results shows the possibility of using sugarcane bagasse for the production of MDF panels, however it is recommended more studies to improve its physical and mechanical characteristics
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Bueno, Marcus Antonio Pereira. "Painéis de Medium Density Fiberboard fabricados com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e madeira de reflorestamento /." Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124122.
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Orientador: Ivaldo De Domenico ValarelliBanca: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle
Banca: Maria Fátima do Nascimento
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as potencialidades da utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (SC) aplicado aos painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard), juntamente com fibras de madeira de reflorestamento (WR) da espécie eucalipto, na indústria moveleira e de construção civil. Neste estudo, foram produzidos painéis de MDF em quatro traços: 100% WR (T2), 33%SC+67%WR (T3), 67%SC+33%WR (T4) e 100% SC (T5). Também foram analisadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas, segundo a norma brasileira NBR 15316-3 (2009). A densidade alvo dos painéis foi de 700 kg/m, definida como painel de média densidade. Também foi realizado o ensaio por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, (MEV) para se obter e constatar o perfil do topo ou face do painel (parte que fica em contato com os pratos da prensa), e da parte usinada ou parte interna do painel. O adesivo utilizado foi a uréia-formaldeído, na proporção de 10% da massa total do painel. Os resultados analisados indicaram que o traço com 100% SC (T5) apresentou o melhor desempenho entre os trapos, atingidos em alguns casos os valores recomendados pela NBR 15316-2 (2009). Pelos resultados averiguados o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar apresentou bom potencial para a fabricação de painéis MDF, devendo ser estudado com maior aprimoramento
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the potentialities of using sugarcane bagasse (SC) applied to MDF panels (Medium Density Fiberboard), along with reflorestation wood fibers (WR) of eucalyptus species, in the industry of furniture and construction. In this study, it was produced panels of MDF in four traces: 100% WR (T2), 33% SC+67% WR (T3), 67% SC+33% WR (T4) and 100% SC (T5). Also it was analyzed its physical and mechanical properties, according to the Brazilian standard NBR 15316-3 (2009). The target density of the panels was 700 kg/m, defined as medium density fiberboard. In addition it was carried out surface analysis of the top and the internal part of the panel through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The panels were bonded with urea-formaldehyde, in the proportion of 10% by mass of the panel. The results indicated that the trace with 100% SC (T5) showed the best performance among the traces, reaching, in some cases, the values recommended by NBR 15316-2 (2009). This results shows the possibility of using sugarcane bagasse for the production of MDF panels, however it is recommended more studies to improve its physical and mechanical characteristics
Mestre
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Sitz, Evan Donald. "Processing and Manufacture of Soybean and Wheat Straw Medium Density Fiberboard Utilizing Epoxidized Sucrose Soyate Resin." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27990.
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Soybean straw and wheat straw show promise as annually renewable alternative to traditional wood sources for fiberboard. Epoxidized sucrose soyate has shown high performance as a thermosetting resin and could be adapted for use in fiberboard. This research evaluated the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard using wheat and soy straw while using various binders, including epoxidized sucrose soyate. Additionally, several experiments were conducted to evaluate optimal process conditions for hammer milling of soy and wheat straw to reduce fines and maximize viable fiber content for fiberboard manufacture. Test results indicate that soy straw boards were not able to meet the properties of wheat straw boards on all levels. Epoxidized sucrose soyate was not effective as the sole binder but had similar properties when blended with MDI resin. Optimal conditions were identified to reduce fines and maximize the viable fiber fraction produced for both wheat and soy straw.North Dakota Soybean Council and the North Dakota Industrial Commission
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Kawasaki, Tamami. "Wood-based sandwich panel with low-density fiberboard for use as structural insulated wall and floor." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144349.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11991号
農博第1535号
新制||農||922(附属図書館)
学位論文||H18||N4104(農学部図書室)
23804
UT51-2006-C671
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 川井 秀一, 教授 矢野 浩之, 教授 小松 幸平
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Tran, Thi Ngoc Huyen. "Study of compression behavior of wood-based fiberboard : caractérisation à partir de techniques d'imagerie non destructives." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14666/document.
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La thèse a pour but de caractériser les propriétés mécaniques de matériaux à base de fibres de bois en relation avec les propriétés intrinsèques des fibres et leur arrangement spatial complexe. Ce type de matériau, dont les caractéristiques dépendent de sa configuration, est hétérogène à différentes échelles : à l’échelle microscopique de la fibre, à l’échelle mésoscopique du réseau des fibres et à l’échelle macroscopique du matériau. Pour observer ces hétérogénéités, différents moyens expérimentaux de caractérisation sont utilisés, notamment la microtomographie aux rayons X et la corrélation d’images volumiques. Ces deux techniques permettent à la fois de visualiser et numériser la position spatiale des différentes fibres du matériau à l’échelle microscopique dans le volume, et d’obtenir le champ tridimensionnel de déformation à cœur. Comme résultats, le matériau étudié montre un comportement non-linéaire avec une déformation résiduelle et un effet d’hystérésis en charge/décharge, qui suit le modèle de Van-Wyk. A l’échelle microscopique, le champ de déformation 3D apparait fortement hétérogène et est intimement lié aux porosités localesThis thesis aims at characterizing the mechanical properties of wood-based fibrous material in relation with the intrinsic properties of the fiber as well as the complex architecture of random fibrous assembly. This material, whose characteristics strongly depend on its configuration, is heterogeneous at different scales: microscopic scale of individual fibers, mesoscopic scale of fiber assembly and macroscopic scale of sample. In order to observe these heterogeneities, different experimental characterization methods are employed, especially X-ray microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation. These both techniques allow us to visualize and digitize the spatial position of different phases of material at microscopic scale as well as the full 3D strain field inside the material. The obtained results are following: the material shows a non-linear mechanical behavior with hysteresis and residual deformation during cyclic compression tests, which respects Van Wyk's model. At microscopic scale, the 3D strain field is strongly heterogeneous and deeply related to local porosities
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Mostert, F. "Improving the Deviro panel : technical enhancements of a wood fibre-cement composite from paper mill de-inking sludge." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49988.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the utilisation of de-inking sludge from a tissue mill to produce a wood-fibre inorganic composite called the Deviro panel. The study is based on the SA provisional patent 95/9594 by Ysbrandy and Gerischer' and the further research conducted by Crafford'. The patented Deviro panel contains up to 70% de-inking sludge. Cement and a cement extender serve to fortify the composite. The panel's fibre content of 25-30% is significantly greater than encountered in commercial fibre inorganic composites which contain 8-12% fibre by weight. The physico-mechanical characteristics of the Deviro panel compare favourably with resin bonded wood-fibre composites, but less favourably compared to conventional wood and wood-fibre inorganic composites. These properties are strongly dependent on panel density. For instance flexural strength being directly proportional while dimensional stability and hygroscopicity being inversely proportional to density. After confirming the results from the preceding work by Crafford, further improvements were investigated through chemical and curing enhancements. For instance, an autoclaving treatment during the curing period showed an increase in flexural strength. Addition of water glass could be associated with bulking of the panel, which resulted in increased flexural strength and a slight reduction of density. Panel density could be significantly reduced by the addition of Perlite, while inhibiting the concomitant reduction in strength. In addition a pilot production process was developed to produce 1m2 panels, which exhibited similar curing characteristics as the smaller panel units.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing handeloor die gebruik van ontinkingsslyk van 'n sneespapier meule om die Deviro paneel, 'n houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produk, te produseer. Die studie volg uit die SA voorlopige patent 95/9594 deur Ysbrandy en Gerischer en verdere narvorsing deur Crafford'. Die gepatenteerde Deviro paneel bevat tot 70% ontinkingsslyk. Sement en sement-byvoegmiddels dien om die saamgestelde produk te versterk. Die paneel bevat 25-30% vesel wat aansienlik meer is as ander kommersiële anorganiese saamgestelde produkte wat 'n vesel inhoud van 8-12% het. Die megamese eienskappe van die Deviro paneel is vergelykbaar met houtvesel saamgestelde produkte waar hars as kleefiniddel dien, maar vergelyk minder gunstig teenoor konvensionele hout en houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produkte. Die paneel se eienskappe is afhanklik van sy digtheid Buig sterkte is eweredig terwyl dimensionele stabiliteit en hygroskopisiteit omgekeerd eweredig aan die digtheid van die paneel is. Die voorafgaande werk van Crafford is eers gestaaf voordat veranderinge aan die chemiese samestelling en drogingsmetodes van die paneel nagevors is. Daar is byvoorbeeld bevind dat, deur die paneel te outoklaveer gedurende die set periode, dit lei tot 'n toename in buig sterkte. Die byvoeging van water glas kan swelling laat plaasvind wat 'n afname in buig sterkte en 'n afname in digtheid tot gevolg het. Digtheid kan ook aansienlik verlaag word deur die byvoeging van Perlite terwyl 'n dienooreenkomstige verlaging in buig sterkte tot 'n mate voorkom word. 'n Loods produksie proses is ook ontwikkel om 'n 1m2 paneel te vervaardig wat dieselfde eienskappe toon as die kleiner paneel.
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Toothman, Adam James. "Monotonic and Cyclic Performance of Light-Frame Shear Walls with Various Sheathing Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31016.
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The racking performance of light-frame shear walls subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading is the focus of this thesis. The sheathing materials investigated are oriented strandboard (OSB), hardboard, fiberboard, and gypsum wallboard. The objectives of this study were to (1) obtain and compare performance characteristics of each sheathing material; (2) compare the effects of monotonic loading versus the cyclic loading response; (3) investigate the contribution of gypsum in walls with dissimilar sheathing materials on opposite sides of the wall; and (4) study the effects of using overturning anchors. The monotonic tests, which incorporated the use of hold-downs, were performed according to ASTM E564. Half of the cyclic tests were performed with hold-downs, and half were performed without hold-downs. The cyclic tests were performed according to the recently adopted cyclic testing procedure ASTM E2126.
A total of forty-five walls were tested with various configurations. The size of the walls was 1.2 x 2.4m (4 x 8ft). Two tests were performed with each sheathing material subjected to each type of loading: monotonic, cyclic with hold-downs, and cyclic without hold-downs. Two tests were then performed with OSB, hardboard, or fiberboard on one side of the wall and gypsum on the other side of the wall to study the effects of using dissimilar sheathing materials on the shear walls. The OSB and hardboard exhibited similar performance, and were the strongest of the four sheathing materials. Fiberboard performed better than gypsum, but worse than OSB and hardboard. In general, the performance indicators decreased when the walls were subjected to cyclic loading. The contribution of gypsum to walls with hold-downs was significant, but was not linearly additive. The use of hold-downs had a large effect on the performance of the walls. All shear wall performance indicators decreased when hold-downs were not included, with an average reduction of 66% in the peak load.
Master of Science
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Swankie, William. "Effects of Temperature on the Emission Rate of Formaldehyde from Medium Density Fiberboard in a Controlled Chamber." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6960.
Full textAbstract:
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas that is found naturally in the environment. It is a popular additive in many consumer products including composite wood products. Composite wood products are engineered wood panels produced from pressing pieces, chips, particles, or fibers of wood together at high temperatures held together with a bonding agent. This bonding agent is often formaldehyde-containing resins that are known to release formaldehyde over time. This is concerning because of the carcinogenic classification of formaldehyde, the wide spread application of composite wood products, and the increasing amount of time spent in the indoor environment.
In a controlled 0.53 m3 chamber, a panel of medium density fiberboard (MDF) with a surface area of 4.49 m2 was subjected to multiple temperatures to measure formaldehyde emissions. The panels were allowed to acclimate for 48 hours followed by a 72 hour sample period using passive diffusive monitors at temperatures: 26.1, 29.3, 34.1, and 38.9 °C. The results of the study found a strong relationship (R2 = 0.9954) between the emission rate of formaldehyde from MDF and temperature. The emission rate increased 192% between 26.1 °C and 38.9 °C. The results of the study indicate that as temperature increases, the amount of formaldehyde emitted from a panel of MDF also increases. This results in higher airborne concentrations of formaldehyde in environments where the panels are present.
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Tasooji, Mohammad. "Effects of Thermomechanical Refining on Douglas fir Wood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96218.
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Medium density fiberboard (MDF) production uses thermomechanically refined fiber processed under shear with high pressure steam. The industry evaluates fiber quality with visual and tactile inspection, emphasizing fiber dimensions, morphology, and bulk density. Considering wood reactivity, the hypothesis is that a variety of chemical and physical changes must occur that are not apparent in visual/tactile inspection. An industry/university cooperation, this work studies effects of refining energy (adjusted by refiner-plate gap) on fiber: size, porosity, surface area, surface and bulk chemistry, fiber crystallinity and rheology, and fiber interaction with amino resins. The intention is to reveal novel aspects of fiber quality that might impact MDF properties or process control efficiency, specific to a single industrial facility.
In cooperation with a North American MDF Douglas fir plant, two refining energies were used to produce resin and additive-free fibers. Refining reduced fiber dimensions and increased bulk density, more so at the highest energy. Thermoporosimetry showed increases in sub-micron scale porosity, greatest at the highest energy. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) revealed porosity changes on a higher dimensional scale. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller gas adsorption and MIP showed that refining increased specific surface area, more so at the highest energy. Inverse gas chromatography showed that the lowest refining energy produced surfaces dominated by lignin and/or extractives. The highest energy produced more fiber damage, revealing higher energy active sites. A novel rheological method was devised to study fiber compaction and densification; it did not distinguish fiber types, but valuable aspects of mechano-sorption and densification were observed.
Refining caused substantial polysaccharide degradation, and other degradative effects that sometimes correlated with higher refining energy. Lignin acidolysis was detected using nitrobenzene oxidation, conductometric titration of free phenols, and formaldehyde determination. Formaldehyde was generated via the C2 lignin acidolysis pathway, but C3 cleavage was the dominant lignin reaction. Observations suggested that in-line formaldehyde monitoring might be useful for process control during biomass processing. According to rheological and thermogravimetric analysis, lignin acidolysis was not accompanied by repolymerization and crosslinking. Lignin repolymerization must have been prevented by the reaction of benzyl cations with non-lignin nucleophiles. This raises consideration of additives that compete for lignin benzyl cations, perhaps to promote lignin crosslinking and/or augment the lignin network with structures that impart useful properties.
Fiber/amino resin interactions were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). All fiber types, refined and unrefined, caused only a slight increase in melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin reactivity. Generally, all fiber types decreased the enthalpy of MUF cure, suggesting fiber absorption of small reactive species. But DSC did not reveal any dependency on fiber refining energy. According to XRD, all fiber types reduced crystallinity in cured MUF, more so with refined fiber, but independent of refining energy. The crystallinity in cured urea-formaldehyde resin was studied with one fiber type (highest refining energy); it caused a crystallinity decrease that was cure temperature dependent. This suggests that resin crystallinity could vary through the thickness of an MDF panel.PHD
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Belini, Ugo Leandro. "Caracterização e alterações na estrutura anatômica da madeira do Eucalyptus grandis em três condições de desfibramento e efeito nas propriedades tecnológicas de painéis MDF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-05062007-133218/.
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Constata-se, atualmente, uma grande demanda de crescimento na produção de painéis MDF de madeira de eucalipto em relação à do pinus, comumente utilizada na indústria. Pelo exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os componentes morfológicos da madeira de cavacos de Eucalyptus grandis, “in natura” e submetidas a três condições diferentes de desfibramento (tempo, pressão e energia), sendo denominadas de condição intermediária, de menor e de maior intensidade de refino (A, B e C, respectivamente). As características tecnológicas das chapas MDF obtidas para as três condições de desfibramento foram, da mesma forma, analisadas segundo a norma NBR 15316. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram coletados para as três condições de desfibramento, em toda a cadeia produtiva do painel MDF: cavacos de madeira, material lenhoso desfibrado e painéis MDF final em escala industrial e laboratorial. Os cavacos de madeira foram caracterizados com respeito a sua estrutura microscópica; o material lenhoso desfibrado nas 3 condições foi avaliado através do seu fracionamento em peneiras seguindo-se a classificação morfológica e a caracterização microscópica dos componentes celulares de cada fração. Os resultados mostraram que os cavacos de madeira coletados no silo da unidade fabril apresentaram-se homogêneos nas 3 pré-condições avaliadas e não exerceram qualquer influência nos tratamentos. A condição de desfibramento mais branda induziu a formação de feixes de fibra e manutenção de vasos e parênquima com as fibras apresentando maior comprimento médio. A condição de desfibramento mais drástica induziu o rompimento da parede das fibras, com polpa apresentando fibras de menor comprimento e com baixa freqüência de vasos e de parênquima. As características de coloração foram observadas, sendo que a massa de fibras mais escura foi decorrente da alta pressão, maior tempo e mais energia de refinação aplicada. Os painéis MDF obtidos na condição mais branda apresentaram maior resistência ao arranque de parafuso, ao contrário dos painéis MDF confeccionados com polpa da condição de desfibramento mais drástica mostrando menores propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração perpendicular e superficial e maiores valores de inchamento e de absorção. Os resultados do trabalho evidenciam a importância das variáveis de produção relacionadas com os tratamentos da madeira e do material fibroso nas propriedades tecnológicas dos painéis MDF de eucalipto.Currently is evidenced a great demand of growth in eucalypts MDF panels production in relation with pinus, commonly used in the industry. The present study had the objective to characterize the morphologic components of Eucalyptus grandis wood chips “in natura” submitted in three different refining conditions (time, pressure and energy), named intermediate, smaller and biggest intensity of refining (A, B and C, respectively). The technological characteristics of MDF panels from three refining conditions were analyzed according standard NBR 15316. During this development were collected for three refining conditions, in all the productive chain of the MDF panels: wood chips, wooden dissociated material and panels MDF in industrial and laboratorial scale. The wood chips structure were microscopically characterized; the dissociated wood cells suspended in water of 3 refining conditions were evaluated through its separation in sieves and each fraction of woody material was morphologically classified and microscopically described. The results showed that the wood chips collected in industry storage compartment were homogeneous in the 3 refining preconditions and not influenced the MDF panel's treatments. The softness refining condition induced the shives formation and maintenance of vessels, parenchyma and the longest fibers. The more drastic refining condition induced the fiber cell walls broking, with wood pulp presenting shortest fibers and lower vessels and parenchyma frequency. The coloration characteristics were observed, and the fiber pulp was darker as result of the high pressure, greater time and more refinement energy applied. The MDF panels elaborated by softness refining condition presented greater resistance to screw pull in contrast of panels confectioned with hardness refining condition showing lesser mechanical properties of perpendicular and superficial tensile strength and bigger values of swelling and absorption. The results showed the importance of the variable related production with the wood and pulp wood treatments in technological properties of eucalypts MDF panels.
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Benlatreche, Yacine. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la durée de vie d'outils carbure pour l'usinage du MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) par application de dépôts ternaires (CrAlN, CrVN) et modification de l'arête de coupe." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00604028.
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Dans ce travail, de nouveaux traitements de protection, à base de couches minces dures, de type nitrures des métaux de transition, ont été développés en vue d'améliorer la tenue de service d'outils destinés à l'usinage de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard). En raison des sollicitations sévères auxquelles l'arête est soumise, ces revêtements doivent avoir de bonnes propriétés physicochimiques, mécaniques et tribologiques. Compte tenu des travaux précédents où des résultats prometteurs avaient été obtenus en utilisant des films de CrN, nous avons voulu améliorer les principales caractéristiques de ce système binaire en lui ajoutant des éléments métalliques tels que l'Al et le V. De ce fait, des couches de CrAlN et CrVN ont été réalisées par pulvérisation dual magnétron RF. Nous nous sommes intéressés en particulier à l'effet du pourcentage d'Al et de V respectivement sur les propriétés de CrAlN et CrVN. Dans un deuxième temps, les revêtements optimaux ont été par la suite, réalisés sur des plaquettes en carbure de tungstène utilisées en usinage de trois types de MDF (Standard, Hydrofuge et Ignifugé) et en tenant compte de l'épaisseur et du profil de densité de chaque panneau. Une procédure de pré-rodage des plaquettes carbure a été mise au point et les revêtements ont été effectués à la fois sur des plaquettes pré-rodées ou non. Les résultats indiquent que l'utilisation des films minces pouvait apporter des améliorations significatives en termes de résistance à l'usure et qu'une préparation préalable par pré-rodage était fortement conseillée pour permettre une meilleure adhérence de la couche
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Ribeiro, Victor Cezar Nepomuceno. "Caracterização anatômica da matéria-prima e avaliação das propriedades tecnológicas de painéis MDF de madeira de Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke e de resíduos de espécies da Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-09042015-111620/.
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Estudos sobre a qualidade tecnológica de painéis MDF produzidos a partir de madeiras nativas da Amazônia ainda são escassos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal determinar a qualidade de painéis MDF produzidos com a madeira de Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, em forma de resíduos de lâminas e toras (LAM e TOR, respectivamente), e resíduos de espécies nativas da Amazônia (MIX). A partir destas matérias-primas foram produzidos cavacos, fibras e painéis MDF numa unidade industrial de MDF. Na manufatura dos painéis foram adotados 06 tratamentos. Os tratamentos adotados foram analisados por meio de 03 experimentos independentes: Experimento 1 - verificar o efeito da proporção de matéria-prima (25% TOR -75% MIX; 40% LAM - 75% MIX; 40% LAM - 60% MIX) nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis; Experimento 2 - para verificar o efeito da espessura (12 e 15 mm) nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis; Experimento 3 - também para verificar o efeito da espessura (15 e 18 mm) nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis. Os painéis MDF foram colados com 13% de resina a base de ureia-formaldeído e 0,7% de emulsão de parafina. Posteriormente, corpos-de-prova foram obtidos dos painéis MDF para avaliação da massa específica, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, módulo de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade, resistência da ligação interna, resistência ao arracamento de parafuso na face e no topo, conduzidos conforme a norma NBR 15316 (ABNT, 2009). Adicionalmente, foi realizada a caracterização das fibras de TOR, LAM e MIX antes e após o desfibramento industrial dos cavacos e determinado o perfil de densidade dos painéis por meio da técnica de atenuação de raios-X. Para verificar o efeito das variáveis sobre as propriedades das chapas MDF foi realizada uma análise de variância e, posteriormente, o teste de Tukey, conduzido ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Mediante a análise dos resultados dos ensaios, concluiu-se que: No Experimento 1, os painéis MDF manufaturados com a mistura de fibras das madeiras na proporção B apresentaram melhor desempenho nas propriedades de APT e APF, e os painéis na proporção C desempenho superior no MOR. No Experimento 2, os painéis de 12 mm mostraram melhor desempenho nas propriedades de LI e APF, e os painéis de 15 mm melhor desempenho em AA2h, AA24h e IE24H; No Experimento 3, os painéis MDF de 18 mm exibiram melhor desempenho nas propriedades de IE2h, IE24h, MOR e MOE à flexão estática. Os painéis de 15 mm tiveram melhor desempenho nas propriedades de APT e APF. Com exceção dos valores da propriedade de LI, todos os painéis MDF avaliados no presente estudo atenderam aos valores requeridos pela norma NBR 15316-2 (ABNT, 2009), para fabricação de móveis a serem utilizados em condições secas.Studies about the technological quality of MDF manufactured with wood of native species from Amazon are scare. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of MDF produced with wood Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, waste of veneer and log (LAM and TOR, respectively) and waste of native species from Amazon (MIX). The chips, fibers and MDF, from this material, were produced in an industrial unit MDF. In the manufacture of panels 06 treatments were adopted. The following treatments were analyzed by 03 independent experiments: Experiment 1 - to verify the effect of the proportion of raw material (25% -75% TOR MIX; LAM 40% - 75% MIX; LAM 40% - 60% MIX) on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels; Experiment 2 - to verify the effect of thickness (12 and 15 mm) on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels; Experiment 3 - also, to verify the effect of the thickness (15 and 18 mm) on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. The MDF panels were bonded with 13% of resin based on urea formaldehyde and 0.7% paraffin emulsion. Posteriorly, samples were obtained to conduct the moisture content, bulk density, water absorption and thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, resistance to face screw-holding and edge screw-holding, tests according to NBR 15316 (ABNT, 2009). Additionally, was characterized the TOR, LAM and MIX fibers, performed before and after industrial refining chip and determined the density profile of the MDF using the technique of X-ray attenuation. To check the effect of variables on the properties of MDF an analysis of variance was performed, and subsequently the Tukey test, conducted at the 5% level of error probability. Through the analysis of tests results it was conclude: In Experiment 1, MDF panels manufactured with a mixture of wood fiber in the ratio B showed better performance in the properties of APT and APF, and the panels in C ratio showed superior performance in MOR. In Experiment 2, the panels of 12 mm showed better performance in the properties of LI and APF, and 15 mm panels perform better in AA2h, AA24h and IE24H; In Experiment 3, the panels of 18 mm panels exhibited better performance on the properties of IE2h, IE24h, MOR and MOE in static bending. 15 mm panels outperformed the properties of APT and APF. With the exception of property values LI, all MDF panels evaluated in this study met the required values by NBR 15316-2 (ABNT, 2009), for the manufacture of furniture to be used in dry conditions.
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SOSA-GRIFFIN, MILENA. "Aspects technico-economiques des agglomerats de fibres de bagasse." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066544.
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Belini, Ugo Leandro. "Caracterização tecnológica de painés de fibras da madeira de eucalipto, Eucalyptus grandis, e de partículas do bagaço do colmo de cana-de-açucar, Saccharum sp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-10072012-094054/.
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O aumento do consumo da madeira e de seus produtos, como os painéis de madeira, estimula o desenvolvimento de tecnologia de produtos que utilizam os insumos caracterizados como resíduos. Neste aspecto, o país reúne vantagens competitivas, pela extensa área de plantações de eucalipto de alta produtividade, detém a primeira posição na produção de cana-de-açúcar e possui um parque industrial com avançada tecnologia de produção de painéis de fibras e de partículas. Com este contexto, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo a confecção e a caracterização tecnológica de painéis de fibras de madeira de eucalipto, Eucalyptus grandis e de partículas do bagaço do colmo de cana-de-açúcar, Saccharum sp. Os ensaios laboratoriais compreenderam, inicialmente, a caracterização macroscópica das matérias primas e suas misturas, bem como classificação granulométrica do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Em seguida, foram estabelecidas 2 etapas referentes ao processo de confecção dos painéis, denominadas etapa A (0-100% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, com variações de 25%; 14% de resina UF) e etapa B (0-25% de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, com variações de 5%; 13 e 16% de resina UF). A caracterização tecnológica dos painéis compreendeu a análise da sua morfologia (microscopia MEV, microtomografia de raios X/microCT), densitometria de raios X, propriedades físicas (densidade, inchamento, absorção e umidade), mecânicas (MOR, MOE, resistências à trações perpendicular e superficial, arrancamento de parafuso); análises óticas por deflectometria, química (espectroscopia NIR, teor de formol livre e sílica) e durabilidade natural (bioensaios de fungos xilófagos e cupins). Os resultados da avaliação morfológica indicaram diferenças da estrutura anatômica das matérias primas e de granulometria das partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. A avaliação morfológica dos painéis evidenciou, através da microCT, a homogeneidade da matriz fibrosa, cuja composição anatômica foi diferenciada através do MEV. Na caracterização das propriedades físico-mecânicas, os perfis de densidade aparente dos painéis, típicos de painéis de fibras, indicaram a influência da matéria prima e sua mistura. Ainda, verificou-se uma redução das propriedades mecânicas, notadamente MOR, MOE e resistência á tração perpendicular, dos painéis confeccionados com mais de 50% de partículas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar; quanto à resina, 16% resultou em melhor desempenho tecnológico em relação à 13%. Os valores de MOE dos painéis foram similares aos obtidos pela aplicação da técnica ótica de deflectometria. O aumento percentual de partículas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar nos painéis resultou em redução do teor de formol livre e no aumento do teor de sílica. A aplicação da metodologia NIR permitiu a diferenciação das fibras da madeira de eucalipto e das partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e seus percentuais praticados. Nos bioensaios os painéis (etapa B) não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à resistência ao ataque de fungos e cupins. Os resultados permitem concluir que os painéis de fibras de eucalipto e partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, como matéria prima alternativa e em percentuais entre 5-25%, apresentaram propriedades tecnológicas que atendem às normas, indicando o potencial da utilização desta biomassa para produtos de maior valor agregado.The increased consumption of wood and its products, such as wood panels, stimulates the development of technology for products that use inputs characterized as waste. In this respect, Brazil has competitive advantages regarding the large area of high-yield eucalyptus crops; Brazil is the worlds major sugarcane producer and has an industrial sector with advanced technology for fiberboards and particleboards production. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the manufacture and technological characterization of wood fibers from eucalyptus, Eucalyptus grandis, and stalk particles of sugarcane bagasse, Saccharum sp. Laboratory analyses included, initially, the macroscopic characterization of raw materials and their mixtures as well as sorting granules of crushed sugarcane bagasse. Then, two steps were established for the panel-making process, called phase A (0-100% of sugarcane bagasse, with variations of 25%, 14% UF resin) and phase B (0 - 25% of sugarcane bagasse, with variations of 5%, 13 and 16% UF resin). The technological characterization of the panels comprised the morphology analysis (SEM microscopy, X-ray microtomography / microCT), X-ray densitometry, physical properties (density, swelling in thickness, absorption and moisture content), mechanical (MOR, MOE, internal bond, surface resistance and axial withdrawal of screw); optical analysis by deflectometry, chemical (NIR spectroscopy, free formaldehyde content of sand content) and natural durability (bioassays of fungi and termites). The results indicated morphological differences of anatomical structure of raw materials and particle size of sugarcane bagasse. The morphological evaluation of the panels showed, through the microCT, the homogeneity of the fibrous matrix, whose anatomical composition was different through SEM. In the characterization of physical-mechanical properties, the density profiles of the panels, typical of fiberboards, indicated the influence of raw materials and their mixture. Still, there was a reduction of mechanical properties, notably MOR, MOE and internal bond to the panels made with more than 50% of sugarcane bagasse particles; regarding the resin, 16% resulted in better technological performance compared to 13%. The MOE values of the panels were similar to those obtained by applying the deflectometry technique. The percentage of sugarcane bagasse particles in the panels resulted in reduction of the level of free formaldehyde and increase of the sand content. The use of the NIR methodology allowed the differentiation of eucalyptus wood fibers and particles of sugarcane and their percentage applied. In bioassays, the panels (step B) showed no significant differences in resistance to fungi and termites. The results indicate that the panels of eucalyptus fibers and particles of sugarcane bagasse, as an alternative raw material and at percentages between 5-25% showed technological properties that meet the standards, indicating the potential use of this biomass for products with higher value added.
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Němec, Ondřej. "Energeticky efektivní horská chata." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227148.
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Master´s thesis is based on the design of energy efficient huts in the mountain resort Čenkovice . The specified property is currently located existing building mountain rescue . Land is the bigger size , medium steep , overgrown with trees higher . The existing building is of timber construction and is already inadequate to the needs of mountain rescue . The concept of the new HS object is to achieve the lowest power consumption of utility power to operate the building and to endeavor the least possible burden on the environment during construction. The new building is designed largely from natural materials , mostly of wood that form the supporting structure and it is well insulated. The house is rectangular in shape , with 2 floors and galleries. The first floor serves HS , second floor stay for ski school instructors . The rooms are oriented to the southwest side . The building uses solar energy to power and ventilation is forced.
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Choi, Keum-Ran. "3D thermal mapping of cone calorimeter specimen and development of a heat flux mapping procedure utilizing an infrared camera." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-020205-215634/.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)-- Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: temperature measurement; heat flux maps; Cone Calorimeter; three-dimensional heat conduction; fire growth models; retainer frame; ceramic fiberboard; edge effect; one-dimensional heat conduction; heat flux mapping procedure; infrared camera; specimen preparation; edge frame; one-dimensional heat conduction model; thermal properties. Includes bibliographical references (p.202-204).
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Lu, Chao Yeu, and 盧昭宇. "Products Development of Medium Density Bamboo Fiberboard and Bamboo Composite Fiberboard by Water Based Polymer－Isocyanate Adhesive." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65215171375941485410.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
木材科學與設計系所
102
In this study, medium density bamboo fiberboard and bamboo composite fiberboard were manufactured with water based polymer isocyanate system adhesive. According to CNS9909 medium density fiberboard standard, the mechanical properties of the materials were measured and assessed the feasibility in the protective shell of a smartphone. The test results showed that all bamboo MDFs in this study, are in compliance with the standard of CNS9909 type-5. However, it has shown not only the excellent bending displacement and deformation springback rate, but also display high plasticity. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of bamboo composite fiberboard reach the standard of CNS9909 type-30, this mean adding bamboo weaving and bamboo veneer could improve its physical properties. All the samples which adhesive addition were 13% and SBR:PMDI=100:30, the bending strength 13.33 N/mm2, the bending elastic modulus 1359.2 N/mm2, the internal bond 1.12 N/mm2, and the thickness swelling 19.2 %, it also obtained an excellent deformation springback rate of 57.1 %, which made it suitable in the protective shell of a smartphone. In the aspect of become products, both bamboo fiber protective shell and bamboo fiber composite protective shell could produce 2mm of thickness and had fine deformation springback rate to protect smartphone. On the visual, bamboo fiber composite protective shell had a better appearance than bamboo fiber protective shell, because of its beautiful bamboo weaving. 【Keywords】Bamboo Fiberboard, Latex(SBR), Isocyanates (PMDI) Crosslinker, Bamboo Veneer, Bamboo Weaving
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Ren, Shan. "Thermo-hygro rheological behavior of materials used in the manufacture of wood-based composites /." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9228.
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Ganev, Stefan. "Modeling of the hygromechanical warping of medium density fiberboard /." 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766046521&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ruel-Shyang, Yang, and 楊瑞祥. "The Study on the Manufacture ofFire-Retardant Coconut Fiberboard." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74289557291150058081.
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Lon, Jeln Siing, and 簡信隆. "A Case Study of Six Sigma Management on Corrugated Fiberboard Box Industry." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58018532709675782748.
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碩士大葉大學
工業工程學系碩士班
91
At present, all kinds of businesses , especially the traditional manufacturing businesses, are beginning to face the full impact of global recession. As a result, it is a growing trend for the traditional manufacturing businesses to be introduced a new business process to elevate businesses’ competition. Six Sigma , according to the promotion experience in Taiwan and in Asia, is proved to be able to effectively increase the credits of business management and reengineer the production process. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to try to analyze how Six Sigma is applied on the corrugated fiberboard box industry, one of the traditional manufacturing businesses. The thesis adopts Six Sigma DMAIC Process as a main research method, and the corrugated fiberboard box factories are chosen for the research. The method is used in order to promote better qualities and improve on the rework for the present period and decrease refund cost. Also, in the practice of Six Sigma applied on the factories, not only are some difficulties presented in the thesis , but also it offers the solution and some suggestions.
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Tang, Li-Hua, and 湯莉華. "The Study on the Manufacture of Flame Retardant and Acoustical Coconut fiberboard." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04765547932939282734.
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碩士大同工學院
材料工程研究所
87
This thesis aims at the manufacture of flame retardant and the relation and acoustical coconut fiberboard. The raw material is coconut fiber non-woven, which is manufactured by recycled coconut fiber. The main steps of our experiment for manufacturing coconut fiberboard are 1. putting the recycled coconut fiber non-woven and various of and additives fire retardants together in (a) dipping process (b) full-cell pressure process (0kg/cm2) (c) full-cell pressure process (5kg/cm2), padding, dried in air; 2. dipping in the solution of urea-formaldehyde resin, padded; 3. Finally, letting them be hot pressed to mold the fiberboard. The results of our investigation show that the coconut fiberboards treated in full-cell pressure process (5kg/cm2) gives the best inflammability during the three different processes. Our experiment also indicate that the coconut fiberboard treated with 40 wt% FR possessed the best inflammability in comparison those treated with different concentrations of FR. However, the bending strength of this fiberboard was decreased significantly with respect to the other compositions. Coconut fiberboard, which was treated with 30 wt% FR in full-cell pressure process (5kg/cm2) and dipped in urea-formaldehyde resin with 10 wt% CaCO3 and 10 wt% ATH, has passed the Grade 1 of CNS 8736 and Grade 3 of CNS 6532. And Coconut fiberboard, which was treated with 30wt% FR in full-cell pressure process (5kg/cm2) and dipped in urea-formaldehyde resin with 30 wt% CaCO3 and 30 wt% ATH, has passed the Grade1 of CNS 8736. Both of the coconut fiberboards have high absorption coefficient and could be formed an acoustical materials.
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Chen, Chin-hua, and 陳菁華. "To Evaluate the Shock Absorbing Characteristic of Corrugated Fiberboard by Drop Test." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37988980747962475496.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
92
Knowing the characteristics of cushion materials well is the key to proper packaging. We can use “Dynamic cushion curve” to represent the shock absorbing capability of cushion materials. This curve reflects impact absorbing under different static loading in the combination of specific cushion materials, thickness, and drop height. If the combination is altered, the curve has to be reexamined. As a result, the dynamic cushion curve determines the thickness and area of the cushion materials; while its practical application is limited due to the various design conditions. Moreover, the existing testing methods, equipments and results of dynamic cushion curve are still controversial. Corrugated fiberboard is a traditional packaging material, and gets even more popular since it’s recyclable. Except for few relative researches based on ASTMD 1596 to constitute dynamic cushion curves, there are no testing methods to evaluate its impact absorbing ability so far. However, they can’t be applying because every company uses various materials and equipments. In order to decrease the limitation of dynamic cushion curve applying on packaging design, the essay attempts generate the regression equation for predicting the first drop shock absorbing performance of the corrugated fiberboard through experimental design. Hence, we can estimate the cushion effects under different design conditions. Or we can find out proper design conditions under certain cushion effects. This prevents us from seeking new testing dynamic cushion curve due to different conditions and attempting designing through try-and-error. Drop test is the experimental equipment of this research. Firstly, we carry out a 2 levels screening experiments finding out that it’s the drop height and thickness of the corrugated fiberboard that influence the shock absorbing capability. Secondly, we take corrugated fiberboard A as sample for experiment. We execute multi-levels drop test with In-Package method based on the factors of thickness, drop height and static loading to gather data and get the regression equation. At last, we apply regression equation to the cushion packaging design of PC mainframe. This experiment reveals that the impact intensity readings of all the six designs fall on 95% confidence interval of estimation. This stands for that the regression equation can not only shorten the time on designing, but also reduce the costs. It successfully predicts the design effects and achieves proper packaging.
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Chiang, Chang-Cheng, and 江長誠. "The Investigation of the Thermal Degradation and Degradational Activation Energy of Coconut Fiberboard." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26654825783471843768.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
材料工程研究所
88
The aim of this investigation was to study the thermal degradation and the degradational activiation energy of coconut fiberboard. The for recycled coconut fiber non-woven was treated with various kinds of additives or flame retardant by using full-cell pressure process (5kg/cm2), and then, dipping in the solution of urea-formaldehyde resin. Finally, the fiberboard molded by not press method. FTIR-TG and thermal-gravimetry was used to analysis the continuous evolving gases. The results of our investigation show that the continuous evolving gas consist of CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2 and C2H4. The investigation results also show that the thermal degradational activation energy of coconut fiberboard was changed by adding CaCO3, Al(OH)3 or by treating the (NH4)2HPO4flame retardant. From this investigation, it was found that the oxidation activation energy of coconut fiber is 44.4~59.7 (KJ/mole), and the decompositional temperature ranges was from 250℃ to 460℃. The oxidation activation energy of coconut fiberboard (fiber + resin) is 44.6~65.6 (KJ/mole), and its decompositional temperature ranges was from 235℃ to 586℃. Fiberboard treated with flame retardants possesses an oxidation activation energy from 46.6 to 71.4 (KJ/mole), and its decompositional temperature shifts to 212℃ to 679℃.The oxidation activation energy of Fiberboard added with CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 is 15% higher than that one without adding CaCO3 and Al(OH)3.
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Kuo, Zi-How, and 郭子豪. "The flame-retardant properties of water- based fire-retardant nano-coatings on fiberboard." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h23n8s.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
99
The study explores the effects of the flame-retardant properties of nano-particles on water-based fire-retardant coatings, which include the effects on thermal stability and combustion properties. The coating used by the paper is acrylate resin (VAC), which is added with 3 basic components, including fire-retardant ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine (APP-PER-MEL), to form an itumescent fire retardant (IFR). Then the fire retardent is added with magnesium hydroxide (MgOH, MH) nanograins, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and zinc borate (ZB) nanopowder of different concentrations, to form water-based fire-retardant coatings. By adjusting and controlling the concentration ratios of flame retardant to the 3 kinds of nano-particles with different profiles, the study analyzes the fire-retardant multiplying effect of nanograins on water-based coatings. The nano-coatings mixed in special proportion are coated on plywood. Through thermogeavimetric analyzer (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CCT), the study inspects the thermal stability and combustion properties of water-based fire-retardant nanocoatings. The experimental results show that when the fire-retardant nanocoating composed of MH of concentration 28% and MWNT of concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the amount of residue can be increased by around 80% at combustion temperature 580℃. Besides, when the fire-retardant nanocoating composed of MH of weight concentration 28% and MWNT of weight concentration 2% is compared with the fire-retardant coating added with flame retardant only, the maximum heat release can be decreased by about 15%. The time required for this fire-retardant nanocoating to achieve maximum heat release is delayed by around 70 seconds when compared with other samples. Besides, the carbon-layered structure formed during thermal decomposition of nano-coating is more compact than the carbon-layered structure of water-based coating composed of the flame-retardant APP-PER-MEL components only. Therefore, nano-coatings can effectively decrease the transfer of heat and inflammable volatiles to plywood surface, and can enhance the flame retardant performance of plywood.
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WU, SHENG-HSIN, and 吳聲欣. "The Study of RFID Applications to Warehouse Inventory:the Case of Corrugated Fiberboard Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/msqq94.
Full textAbstract:
碩士育達科技大學
行銷與流通管理所
107
In tradition, the inventory management of kraft paper is practiced by 2D barcode, but whether the paper roll is totally consumed or needs returning to a warehouse still requires manual input. In the long term, it costs enormous manpower to take inventory or check the amount each month. In order to reduce costs, promote inventory accuracy, and understand the developing status of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology in the corrugated cardboard industry, the process of RFID’s on-site production and return to the warehouse during corrugated cardboard production is discussed from the view of warehouse management. The kraft paper inventory management and the kraft paper part number positioning is also under discussion, including how to establish the management mode of RFID application platform in the corrugated cardboard industry. This study takes the domestic famous corrugated cardboard manufacturing factory as the research object; it looks into the cost-benefit analysis of the introduction of RFID for the process improvement and is based on qualitative research, and n-depth interviews are implemented and recorded for the purpose of analysis. Through analysis, the following research conclusion is obtained. In addition to lowering the frequency of operation procedure, the introduction of RFID technology mainly improves time-consuming processes, especially obviously for the warehouse inventory. Not only can it decrease the personnel’s operation time, but also raise the inventory accuracy and operation efficiency. Furthermore, it provides industry-leading person with a reference for introducing RFID.
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Totolin, Vladimir. "Influence of low atmospheric pressure plasma on surface modification of phenolic bonded aspen fiberboard." 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/71509368.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94).
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Dahl, Samuel Alcibiades 1980. "The paint gap." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1283.
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Underlying all my work is a tension between the painter and the builder. I love to paint. I love the lie inherent in paint: that it can make a picture plane masquerade as light, space, or recognizable place with recognizable figuration. I love how paint—particularly oil paint—can rest in gloppy piles, how it can drip, splatter, spread, or how it can squeeze out of paint tubes in long, stringy beads. I love how paint changes how we see an interior space or a three-dimensional form. Yet I also love building things—usually out of wood—measuring and cutting, fastening things together—all to serve a function or solve a problem. In every studio I have had, there has always been an arms race between my fine art supplies and my tools. My work during my three years at the Department of Art and Art History at the University of Texas at Austin has undergone some dramatic changes. In large part this paper will elaborate and evaluate the trajectory of these changes. Yet, in spite of these changes, the competing impulses to paint and to build have remained constant. This report will leave unanswered the question whether these two impulses can or should be reconciled, kept separate, or whether one should be sacrificed in favor of the other. The artist writing this report does not know at this point in time, and cannot hope to answer this question without making more work in a new context. This report instead will reveal how I arrived at the work I am making at the time of writing this report, and why I regard this new body of work as being about the “paint gap.” I define the “paint gap” as the distinction—mild or strong—between paint itself and the object or surface upon which paint is applied.text
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Chen, Chia-hui, and 陳佳蕙. "The strength properties, the use situation and future prospects of medium density fiberboard and particleboard in Taiwan." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55217129571593040766.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
森林學系
85
Summary The main uses of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and Particleboard (PB) are applied in the furniture manufacturing industry. Moreover, their prospects for developing in such industry market have been generally viewed as good. The present study has acquired 15mm and 18mm MDF from 11 firms, and 15mm and 18mm PB from 6 firms, and proceeded to investigate their properties by nondestructive and destructive tests,also to design questionnaire to understand the uses situation of end-user, and finally to discuss their future prospects based on their global market. Taiwan does not produce MDF and therefore imports this product mainly from New Zealand, Australia, and USA. Recent years imports from Malaysia and Chile have been increased. After testing its perporties and characteristics, MDF from Chile and New Zealand, are found to be the best in quality (Average internal bond strength of 7 kgf/cm2 , screwholding of 57 kgf, bending strength of 430 kgf/cm2 ). The differences of the price of this product among the companies have a variation of 30% in the range. PB also heavily rely on imports. The main suppliers are Indonesia and USA. Although Chile supplies fewer quantity only, but she excels in delivering a product of consistent quality (Average internal bond strength of 6 kgf/cm2 , screwholding of 51 kgf, bending strength of 208 kgf/cm2 ). The pricing policies from various firm produce a variance of 10% in the range . From the nondestructive testing, it pointed out PB appeared to have a higher relation between between its analysis of MOEd from nondestructive test and MOE from destructive test. Furniture manufacturers in Taiwan are preferable to select their material based on the cost factor as for primary reason, followed by quality and manufacturing process.General, the furniture manufactures find a great satisfaction in the imported MDF and PB. From the view point of the migration of our industry to outside, it suggesting that the wood-based panel industry as possible to change in secondary-processing and developing higher technology for seeking better prospecting. On the other hand, panels manufacturers are developing new method (or markets) to enhance the uses of MDF and PB in order to achieve higher efficiency and scale of economy. The production and consumption of MDF and PB are expect to grow continuosly, but the ranks for each continent may be changed.The rapid industrial growth of Asia , cheap labor ,easy access to raw material and massive expansion of new production lines will enable her to establish as the biggest zone for wood-based panel processing in the world.
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wei, Chen Kuo, and 陳國維. "Sandwich Composites Manufactured from Medium Density Fiberboard and Recycled Tire Particle Board -- Make a Study of Manufacture." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37983699536516737192.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
林業研究所
91
The main purpose of this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of three manufacturing factors, i.e. glue level(2%, 4% and 6%), sp. gr.(0.8, 1.0 and 1.2), release agent(March-3824+,CPC motor Oil, U-00H silicone release agent), on the physical properties effectiveness of layer structure of M&R composites. Furthermore, the business process reengineering(BPR) of the forest product industry was also studied. The compression molding process was used to manufacture wood material and recycled tire rubber components. SBRL SF-1166 resin was applied as binder. The effects of wood material to tire density and SBRL SF-1166 resin level and type of release agent on mechanical properties of the composites were studied. A three-factor factorial design was employed to construct this experiment and each factor had three levels. Wood material to tire rubber density, based on ovendry weight, were 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2(g/cm3). The SBRL SF-1166 levels, basedon the total ovendry weight of wood material and tire rubber, were 2, 4, and 6 percent. The release agent types, were March-3824+, CPC 9000 SL Motor Oil, and U-00H silicone release agent. The impact strength of the composites was tested using the Izod-type testing method. The bending strength(MOR), bending modulus (MOE), internal bond strength(IB), density(D), moisture content(MC), thickness swelling due to water absorption(TS), wood screw holding strength(R), and tensile strength(T) of sandwich composites of RMR and MRM specimens were tested. Results illustrated that SBRL SF-1166 resin can be used successfully to consolidate the wood material and recycled tire rubber crumbs into composite panels. The impact strengths significantly improved with tire rubber fraction in the composites. In general, MOR, MOE, wood screw holding strength(R), and tensile strength(T) of sandwich composites of RMR and MRM specimens were improved with the increase of wood material to tire rubber density, SBRL SF-1166 level, and release agent.
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Chen, Weiwei. "A reliability case study on estimating extremely small percentiles of strength data for the continuous improvement of medium density fiberboard product quality." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/ChenWeiwei.pdf.
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Chen, Li-Ting, and 陳立庭. "A Study of Appropriateness on Substituting Hands-on Materials in the Living Technology Curriculum – Using Corrugated Board as an Alternative Material of Fiberboard." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m4qv66.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
科技應用與人力資源發展學系
106
The present study aimed to develop the appropriateness on substituting hands-on materials in the living technology curriculum, when using corrugated board as an alternative material of fiberboard. The research purposes include: 1. To explore the effectiveness of using different hands-on materials on students’ achievement of using facilities of machines and tools. 2. To explore the effectiveness of using different hands-on materials on students’ achievement of controlling hands-on materials. 3. To explore the effectiveness of using different hands-on materials on students’ learning interesting. This study adopted non-equivalent control group design of qua-si-experimental method for conducting this teaching experiment. The subjects of this study were six 9th-grade classes of a junior high school in Taipei City. The experimental group using corrugated board included 46 students from three classes, while the control group using medium density fiberboard included 59 students from another three classes. Two groups of students participated in this study for eight weeks, and were taught “Manufacturing Technology” self-designed by the researcher. The study tools designed by the researcher included: students’ work sheets, product assessment rubric, and learning interesting questionnaire. The results of this study indicated: 1. Using different hands-on materials had no impact on students’ achievement of choosing and using facilities of machines and tools. 2. Using different hands-on materials had a little impact on students’ achievement of controlling hands-on materials. Students controlled medium density fiberboard a little better. 3. Using different hands-on materials had no impact on students’ learning interesting. Based on the results, this study offered the following suggestions: 1. Living technology teacher can consider using corrugated board as an alternative material of fiberboard in curriculum of manufacturing technology, by using proper facilities of machines and tools to hands-on materials. 2. Considering extending the time of teaching students to use or manipulate facilities of machines and tools, even a retractable blade. 3. Considering using different hands-on materials for future studies. Such as using plastic corrugated board instead of fiberboard. 4. Considering the background, gender, or numbers of assessment teachers, avoiding Pearson correlation of scorer reliability was not highly correlated.