Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fiberboards

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Fiberboards'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fiberboards"

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Huang, Erzhuo, Yanwei Cao, Xinpeng Duan, Yutao Yan, Zhe Wang, and Chunde Jin. "Cross-Linked Chitosan as an Eco-Friendly Binder for High-Performance Wood-Based Fiberboard." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8671384.

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High-performance wood-based fiberboards with high strength and dimensional stability were fabricated by hot-pressing method using 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran (DHF) cross-linked chitosan (CS) as an eco-friendly binder. The effects of cross-linked chitosan on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood-based fiberboards were investigated. It is evident that cross-linked chitosan addition was effective in improving mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood-based fiberboards. The prepared wood-based fiberboard bonded by DHF cross-linked CS displayed optimum modulus of rupture (MOR) of 42.1 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 3986.0 MPa, internal bonding (IB) strength of 1.4 MPa, and thickness swelling (TS) value of 16.3%. The improvement of physical and mechanical properties of wood-based fiberboards could be attributed to the amide linkages and hydrogen bonds between wood fibers and cross-linked chitosan. The high-performance wood-based fiberboards fabricated in this study may be a promising candidate for eco-friendly wood-based composites.
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Moezzipour, Bita, and Aida Moezzipour. "Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes." Drvna industrija 72, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2019.

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Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.
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Guo, Ming Hui, Yong Wang, and Fang Yan Liu. "Performance Analysis of Ammonium Lignosulfonate/Urea Formaldehyde-Free Fiberboards." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1774.

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The tests on physical and mechanical properties of fiberboards made of wood fiber with ammonium lignosulphonate/urea as filling material are performed according to requirement of EU standards EN 622-2-2004 "Fibreboard-Specifications Part 2: Requirements for hardboard" reveal the reaction mechanism of formaldehyde-free fiberboards with ammonium lignosulfonate /urea as filling material through analysis of characteristics of chemical reactions on ammonium lignosulfonate and urea by FTIR and the chemical reaction analysis of C atom by ESCA. The results show that physical and mechanical properties of fiberboards with ammonium lignosulphonate/urea as filling material have reached the requirement of EU standards EN 622-2-2004, the forming of furan resin, the results of reaction between urea and furfural substances is main reason for the better physical and mechanical properties of lignin-based formaldehyde-free fiberboard.
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Park, Se-Hwi, Min Lee, Pureun-Narae Seo, Eun-Chang Kang, and Chun-Won Kang. "Acoustical properties of wood fiberboards prepared with different densities and resin contents." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 5291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5291-5304.

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The demand for noise control in residential environments is steadily increasing, but the currently available noise-reducing materials used in walls and floors are unsustainable and expensive. As an alternative, wood-fiber could be a good resource to manufacture eco-friendly acoustic materials. In this study, fiberboards were prepared by mixing wood-fibers (Pinus densiflora) with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, obtaining specimens with different final densities and resin contents. The acoustic, physical, and morphological properties of the fiberboards were investigated. The sound absorption was greatly influenced by the density of the fiberboard: lower densities showed higher sound absorption performances. Furthermore, the low-frequency absorption coefficient was higher for lower resin contents. The materials met all the criteria required by the Korean standards for fiberboards. As the density increased, the dimensional stability and the bending strength increased; in contrast, the physical properties were not affected by the resin content. Microscopy observations confirmed that specimens with different densities and resin contents had different porosities; the porosity was assumed to be the main property that governs the noise-reducing ability. Due to their eco-friendliness and inexpensiveness, these fiberboards offer themselves as efficient and effective alternative sound-absorbing materials.
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Ramos, Diego, Nour-Eddine El Mansouri, Francesc Ferrando, and Joan Salvadó. "All-lignocellulosic Fiberboard from Steam Exploded Arundo Donax L." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092088.

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This paper explores the possibility of producing all-lignocellulosic fiberboards from Arundo donax L. as a source of lignocellulosic fibers with no synthetic binders. This raw material was steam exploded with a thermomechanical aqueous vapor process in a batch reactor. The Arundo donax raw material and its obtained pulp were characterized in terms of chemical composition and the results were compared to other lignocellulosic materials. The chemical composition of steam exploded Arundo fibers showed high cellulose and a moderate lignin content suggesting it was a good raw material for fiberboard production. The all-lignocellulosic fiberboards were produced on laboratory scale; using the steam exploded Arundo donax by means of a wet process. The effects of pressing pressure on physical and mechanical properties were evaluated and the conditions that optimize the responses were found. The analyzed properties were density (d); water absorption (WA); thickness swelling (TS); modulus of elasticity (MOE); modulus of rupture (MOR); and internal bond strength (IB). The tested levels of the pressing pressure range from 0.35 to 15 MPa. The optimum IB; MOE; MOR; WA and TS were 1.28 MPa, 7439 MPa, 40.4 MPa, 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The obtained fiberboards were of very good quality and more than satisfy the requirements of the relevant standard specifications.
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Hua, Guang Jun, Wei Min Fei, Ze Shun Liao, and Yong Xie. "Numerical Assessment on Edgewise Compressive Strength of Heavy Sandwich Fiberboard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 724 (January 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.724.74.

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The application status of heavy duty corrugated paperboard and honeycomb fiberboard were reviewed. In order to contrast the edgewise compressive strength of the two typical sandwich fiberboards, the finite element models of honeycomb fiberboard and AAB flute corrugated fiberboard with large sample size were established. By numerical simulation method, the effect of structure on the edgewise compressive strength were decoupled from the factor such as the materials, material consumption, sample size and shape, processing technology and environmental conditions etc. Under the same material, material consumption and sample size, bulking analysis based on numerical method was carried out. The results show that the edgewise compressive strength of both sides of the honeycomb fiberboard is about 50% higher than that of AAB flute corrugated fiberboard, and honeycomb fiberboard is similar to bi-isotropic material. The conclusions obtained are valuable to reasonable choice of the honeycomb fiberboard and heavy duty corrugated fiberboard and correct understanding the mechanical properties of the two sandwich fiberboard.
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Antov, Petar, L’uboš Krišt’ák, Roman Réh, Viktor Savov, and Antonios N. Papadopoulos. "Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels from Recycled Fibers Bonded with Calcium Lignosulfonate." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040639.

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The potential of using residual softwood fibers from the pulp and paper industry for producing eco-friendly, zero-formaldehyde fiberboard panels, bonded with calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) as a lignin-based, formaldehyde free adhesive, was investigated in this work. Fiberboard panels were manufactured in the laboratory by applying CLS addition content ranging from 8% to 14% (on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the developed composites, i.e., water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), as well as the free formaldehyde emission, were evaluated according to the European norms. In general, only the composites, developed with 14% CLS content, exhibited MOE and MOR values, comparable with the standard requirements for medium-density fiberboards (MDF) for use in dry conditions. All laboratory-produced composites demonstrated significantly deteriorated moisture-related properties, i.e., WA (24 h) and TS (24 h), which is a major drawback. Noticeably, the fiberboards produced had a close-to-zero formaldehyde content, reaching the super E0 class (≤1.5 mg/100 g), with values, ranging from 0.8 mg/100 g to 1.1 mg/100 g, i.e., equivalent to formaldehyde emission of natural wood. The amount of CLS adhesive had no significant effect on formaldehyde content.
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Wang, Jiajun, Bo Wang, Junliang Liu, Lin Ni, and Jianzhang Li. "Effect of Hot-Pressing Temperature on Characteristics of Straw-Based Binderless Fiberboards with Pulping Effluent." Materials 12, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060922.

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This study aimed to improve straw-based fiberboard properties without resins by adding pulping effluent as well as to investigate the difference among boards under variable hot-pressing temperatures. The characterization of fiberboards produced from wheat straw under pressing temperatures ranging from 160 to 200 °C was first described. The surface appearance, surface chemistry, thermal transitions, and mechanical performance of the boards were evaluated to investigate the effect of varying hot-pressing temperature. The results indicated that the surface color of boards became darker when the temperature was above 190 °C. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements showed that more low-molecular constituents and hydrogen bonds were produced under higher pressing temperatures. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical property data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). The results demonstrated that straw-based fiberboards with effluent under 190 °C exhibited superior strength and water resistance capacities, and showed great potential in commercial decorating and packaging applications.
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Zhou, Xiaoyan, Lijuan Tan, Weidong Zhang, Chenglong Lv, Fei Zheng, Rong Zhang, Guanben Du, Bijun Tang, and Xueyuan Liu. "Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin derived from corn stover as an intrinsic binder for bio-composites manufacture: Effect of fiber moisture content and pressing temperature on boards’ properties." BioResources 6, no. 1 (December 4, 2010): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.253-264.

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Binderless fiberboards from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) and cotton stalk fibers were prepared under various manufacturing conditions, and their physico-mechanical properties were evaluated. Full factorial experimental design was used to assess the effect of fiber moisture content and pressing temperature on boards’ properties. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtain the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EHL. We found that both fiber moisture content and pressing temperature had significant effects on binderless fiberboards’ properties. High fiber moisture content and pressing temperature are suggested to contribute to the self-bonding improvement among fibers with lignin-rich surface mainly by thermal softening enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. In this experiment, the optimized pressing temperature applied in binderless fiberboard production should be as high as 190°C in accordance with the EHL Tg value of 189.4°C, and the fiber moisture content should be limited to less than 20% with a higher board density of 950 kg/m3 to avoid the delamination of boards during hot pressing.
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Jin, Chun De, Jian Li, and Rui Xian Zheng. "Study on the Interface Character of Drying Binderless Fiberboard." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1518.

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The ways of chemical component analysis, chemical analysis photoelectron energy spectrum (ESCA) analysis and X ray diffraction were used to research and analyze the variation law of material (wood) chemical component, functional groups and cellulose crystallinity in the process of making board. The results showed that：(1) The maximum contents of holocellulose and pentosan were wood, in the next place were fiberboard, and the minimum one were binderless fiberboard. The maximum contents of α-cellulose were woodfiber, in the next place were wood, and the minimum one were binderless fiberboard. The minimum contents of xylogen were wood, in the next place were woodfiber, and the maximum one were binderless fiberboard. (2) The C1and C3 functional groups relative contents of woodfiber and binderless fiberboard were higher than wood. The C2 functional groups relative contents of wood were higher than woodfiber and binderless fiberboard. The C4 functional groups relative contents of woodfiber were zero, and the binderless fiberboards were higher than wood. (3)The maximum cellulose relative crystallinity was binderless fiberboard, in the next place was fiberboard, and the minimum one was wood.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fiberboards"

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Cock, Alexander. "The high temperature erosion of coated thermal barrier tiles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301871.

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Li, Xin. "Mechanical properties and water resistance of cellulosic fiberboards with soybean protein based adhesives." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13539.

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Master of Science
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Xuzhi Susan Sun
Large amount of fiberboard are used for packaging applications every year, which generate a large amount of solid wastes causing environmental pollution if these packaging materials are not recycled. Also, a large amount of wood are needed for making fiberboard, which is limited resource in the earth. Reducing the weight of fiberboard and recycling the fiberboard materials are two methods to save quantities of wood fiber in fiberboard manufacture, which benefit the environment and economy. Besides, most adhesives used for producing the fiberboard contain environmental hazardous chemicals. It is necessary to develop new technology to produce cellulosic fiberboards with environmental friendly bio-based adhesives. The soybean is an agricultural product, and its resource is abundant. Soybean protein is a bio- material that offers an alternative to the existing synthetic adhesives to reduce petroleum dependence of the U.S. energy strategy. The newly developed soy-based adhesive is also competitive in cost. Material cost based on food-grade soybean protein is around 20 cents/Lb. The cost of commercial PF resin is about 14 ~ 17 cents/Lb. Price of hot-melt adhesive for fiberboard is around $6/Lb. In this study, soybean protein was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate as an adhesive for two bio-based fiberboards products, medium density fiberboard by dry processing and light weight cardboard by wet processing. The mechanical and water soaking properties of these cellulosic fiberboards were stronger than or as same as commercial solid fiberboard. This research suggests that these cellulosic fiberboards with modified soybean protein based adhesive have great potential as alternative to current commercial fiberboard.
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Theng, Dyna. "Feasibility of incorporating treated lignin and cellulose nanofiber in fiberboards made from corn stalk and rice straw." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461717.

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Agricultural waste is of particularly interest due to abudant, cheap, widely available worldwide and renewable material. It represent a good option for wood sources substitution, containing similar in chemical and physical characteristics. The present Doctoral Thesis studies the possibility of substituting wood sources by crop residues and replacing synthetic binders by natural adhesives in fiberboard production. Corn and rice biomass were selected as raw materials, followed by thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) pretreatment. Fiberboards made of TMP of both crop residues without any binder presented lower mechanical properties than commercial ones (which contained synthetic binder). In term of physical properties, lower water absorption and thickness swelling were found for the fiberboards made of crop residues than for the commercial one. Overall, the present study shows a more sustainable and effective way of producing cellulose-based fiberboards without aid of any synthetic binder, contributing thus to both technical and environmental aspects of fiberboard manufacturing
Els residus agrícoles tenen un gran interès per ser un material abundant , barat, àmpliament disponible a tot el món i renovable. Es tracta d'una bona opció per substituir la fusta, i presenta característiques físiques i químiques similars a aquesta. La present tesi doctoral estudia la possibilitat de substituir la fusta i els aglutinants sintètics per residus de cultius i adhesius naturals respectivament en la producció panell de fibres. La biomassa de blat de moro i arròs sotmesa a un tractament termomecànic (TMP)es va seleccionar com a matèria primera. El panell de fibra resultant d'ambdós residus sense cap tipus d'aglutinant presentaven propietats mecàniques més baixes que els panells comercials (que contenien un lligant sintètic). Respecte a les propietats físiques, es va observar un augment de volum i espessor al absorbir aigua menors en el panell de fibres naturals que no pas en els comercials. En general, el present estudi mostra una forma més sostenible i efectiva de produir panells de fibra a base de cel·lulosa sense utilitzar aglutinant sintètic, fet que contribueix a la millora d’aspectes tècnics i ambientals en el procés de fabricació dels panells de fibra
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Mancera, Arias Camilo. "Binderless fiberboard production from Cynara cardunculus and Vitis vinifera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8494.

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Binderless fiberboard production from Cynara cardunculus and Vitis vinifera
Two lignocellulosic materials, Cynara cardunculus and Vitis vinifera, were pretreated and used to produce fiberboards without synthetic adhesives. The lignocellulosic materials were steam exploded through a thermo-mechanical vapor process in a batch reactor. After pretreatment the materials were dried, ground and pressed to produce the boards. The effects of pretreatment factors and pressing conditions on the chemical and physicomechanical properties of the fiberboards were evaluated and the conditions that optimize these properties were found. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design and multiple response optimization were used. The variables studied were: pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, pressing temperature, pressing pressure, and pressing time.
Binderless fiberboards produced from Cynara cardunculus stalks at the optimum conditions found fulfilled the European standards for boards of internal use. Nevertheless, binderless fiberboards produced from Vitis vinifera prunings at the optimum conditions found for this material did not completely met the European standards; modulus of rupture and internal bond values for these boards were lower than required minimums.
Simultaneously, commercial Kraft lignin was reacted in an alkaline medium to enhance its adhesive properties. Chemical changes in reacted Kraft lignins that include ash content, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin and sugars were determined, as well as, structural characteristics of these lignins in terms of phenolic hydroxyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, methoxyl, carbonyl, Mw, Mn and polydispersity. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on lignin properties were studied using response surface methodology, and optimal reaction conditions were found.
Two different types of Kraft lignin were used, alkali treated Kraft lignin and crude acid-washed Kraft lignin, as additives to enhance the physicomechanical properties of binderless fiberboards produced from Vitis vinifera to reach and overcome the European standards completely. At the end fiberboards produced with 20% of Vitis vinifera fibers replaced by crude acid-washed Kraft lignin were able to meet the European standards completely.
This research work was an effort to reduce our dependency upon petroleum derivates, to diminish deforestation and to increase the use of renewable and biodegradable materials with the intention of preserving the environment and to encourage a sustainable development of our society.
Producción de Tableros de Fibras a partir de Cynara cardunculus y Vitis vinifera
En el presente estudio trozos Cynara cardunculus y Vitis vinifera fueron pretratados, y usados para producir tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos. Estos materiales lignocelulósicos se explotaron con vapor a través de un proceso termomecánico de vapor en un reactor por lotes. Después del pretratamiento el material fue secado, molido y prensado en caliente para producir los tableros. Se evaluaron los efectos de los factores del pretratamiento (temperatura de reacción y tiempo de reacción) y las condiciones de prensado (presión de prensado, temperatura y tiempo) sobre las propiedades químicas y físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras y se establecieron las condiciones que optimizan dichas propiedades. Las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras que fueron estudiadas son: densidad, módulo de elasticidad (MOE), módulo de ruptura (MOR), enlace interno (IB), absorción de agua (WA) y hinchazón en hinchazón (TS) y las propiedades químicas estudiadas de la materia prima y el material pretratado fueron las siguientes: Cenizas, contenido de lignina Klason, contenido de celulosa y contenido de hemicelulosas. Se uso una metodología de superficie de respuesta basada en un diseño de experimentos del tipo central compuesto y una metodología de optimización de respuesta múltiple.
Los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de tallos de Cynara cardunculus a las condiciones óptimas encontradas cumplieron con las normas europeas para los tableros de uso interno. Sin embargo, los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de podas de Vitis vinifera a las condiciones óptimas encontradas para este material no cumplieron totalmente las normas europeas; los valores del módulo de ruptura y del enlace interno para estos tableros fueron inferiores a los mínimos requeridos.
Una lignina Kraft comercial fue sometida a reacción en un medio alcalino para mejorar sus propiedades adhesivas. Se determinaron los cambios químicos en las ligninas Kraft tratadas, las propiedades medidas fueron: contenido en cenizas, lignina Klason, lignina soluble en ácido y azúcares, también se determinaron las características estructurales de estas ligninas en términos de hidroxilos fenólicos, hidroxilos alifáticos, metóxilos, carbonilos, Mw, Mn y polidispersidad. Se estudiaron los efectos de la temperatura de reacción y el tiempo de reacción sobre las propiedades de la lignina con una metodología de superficie de respuesta, y se encontraron la condiciones óptimas de reacción.
Se usaron dos tipos diferentes de lignina Kraft, lignina Kraft tratada en medio alcalino y lignina Kraft cruda lavada con ácido, como aditivos para mejorar las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de fibras sin adhesivos sintéticos producidos a partir de Vitis vinifera, para alcanzar y superar las normas europeas completamente. Al final los tableros de fibras producidos con una substitución del 20% de fibras de Vitis vinifera por lignina Kraft cruda lavada con ácido fueron capaces de satisfacer las normas europeas por completo.Este trabajo de investigación fue un esfuerzo para reducir nuestra dependencia de los derivados del petróleo, para disminuir la deforestación y para aumentar el uso de materiales renovables y biodegradables con la intención de preservar el medio ambiente y fomentar un desarrollo sostenible de nuestra sociedad.
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Sauget, Alix. "Développement de matériaux composites fibreux hautes perfomances à matrice bio-sourcée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0085/document.

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La mutation de nos activités industrielles vers le développement durable est l’un des plus gros enjeux humains du 21ème siècle. L’utilisation de la biomasse dans divers domaines tels que l’énergie, la construction et les matériaux est une réponse face à la raréfaction des ressources fossiles et face aux risques écologiques. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de créer de nouveaux matériaux les plus bio-sourcés possibles et d’optimiser les propriétés de ces matériaux en vue d’une éventuelle utilisation industrielle. Les travaux présentés ici traitent de la fabrication de matériaux composites à renforts de fibres naturelles, ayant pour matrice des résines bio-sourcées. Les ressources végétales principalement étudiées ici sont les tannins, utilisés pour la réalisation de : - Composites à matrice tannin – hexamine - Composites à matrice tannin – résorcine – aldéhyde Les tannins végétaux ont également été étudiés pour la conception de bio-plastiques tannin – alcool furfurylique pouvant être appliqués à la fabrication de composites. Les panneaux composites ont été réalisés en laboratoire et analysés mécaniquement en se basant sur des méthodes normatives européennes. Les résines ont également été caractérisées à l’aide de diverses techniques telles que l’analyse thermomécanique (TMA) ou la spectroscopie de masse MALDI-ToF. Au final, ces travaux ont permis de réaliser des matériaux composites hautement bio-sourcés, aux propriétés homogènes et reproductibles satisfaisant en outre les exigences d’emploi de plusieurs normes européennes
Changing our industrial activities towards sustainable development is one of the major human concerns of the 21th century. The use of biomass in various areas like energy, construction and materials is an answer to the future scarcity of fossil resources and to the ecological risks. The objectives of this thesis are to create new materials with the highest bio-based content possible and then to optimize these materials properties for a potential industrial use. The work presented here is about the fabrication of composite materials reinforced with natural fibers, using bio-based resins as a matrix. The main vegetable resources studied here are tannins, used to make: - Tannin – hexamine matrix composites - Tannin – resorcinol – aldehyde matrix composites Vegetable tannins were also studied to prepare tannin – furfuryl alcohol bio-plastics that may be used in the composites fabrication. The composites boards were made in laboratory and mechanically analyzed based on European norms methods. Resins were also characterized using various techniques such as thermomechanical analysis (TMA) or MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The end results of this work is the fabrication of highly bio-based composite materials, with homogenous and repeatable properties that furthermore satisfy several European norms requirements
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Van, Rooyen Petrus Mynhardt. "Is it feasable to increase the medium density fibreboard manufacturing capability in South Africa?" Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/255.

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Medium density fibre (MDF) board is used in various applications in the building-, furniture- and casket industry. The market is shared by solid wood and other flat panels, such as particle board and plywood. The market in South Africa forms part of the global market. Therefore it is possible to import MDF. The demand for MDF is driven by the building industry, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the exchange rate. The CPI is an indication of the consumer’s willingness to purchase furniture or to invest in property with subsequent growth in the building industry. The 2002 market in SA is 500 000m3 for particle board and 110 000m3 for MDF. The imported boards during this same period were particle board 10 000m3 and 22 194m3 for MDF. The extrapolated expected imports for 2003 would be 12 362m3 and 35 045m3 for particle board and MDF respectively. According to the empirical study the market increase for particle board and MDF, for 2003, will be 18%. That means that the particle board market will increase to 590 000m3 and the MDF market to 130 000m3. The 2002 production capacity was 648 000m3 (particle board) and 155 000m3 for MDF. The Sonae factory in White River can produce either particle board or MDF and this influences the production capacities. According to various International databases the requirements for SA in 2020 will be 984 000m3 for particle board and 569 000m3 for MDF. Quick calculation show a shortfall of 414 000m3 for MDF in 2020 when compared to 2002 production capacity. First mover advantage will give the mover the major market share in SA. The demand will be there. All the above calculations have been done without taking the 2010 World Football event in SA into consideration. The question is – all the current players are almost on par to make it happen. The company with the burning desire to make it work will find the finance and will have the controlling market share.
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Eugênio, Rafael Augusto Pinholati [UNESP]. "Painéis de medium density fiberboard produzidos com adesivo alternativo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145030.

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O trabalho consistiu na produção de painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) em escala laboratorial utilizando o adesivo PVA (Poliacetato de Vinila), variando suas concentrações e realizando misturas com a resina comumente empregada neste processo, o adesivo a base de uréia-fomaldeído, onde foi avaliado além das características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis produzidos, também teve o intuito de verificar o desprendimento de formaldeído para o ambiente quando aplicado juntamente com a resina uréia-fomaldeído, e a avaliação dos perfis de densidades dos traços. As amostras foram confeccionadas com fibra de eucalipto, onde as dosagens do adesivo PVA seguiram as seguintes proporções: 30%, 50% e 70%, e para efeito de comparação com as amostras produzidas com a mistura de PVA foram fabricadas provas em branco com 100% uréia-formaldeído. No total foram produzidas 16 amostras, quatro painéis de cada traço, e retirados os corpos de prova que posteriormente foram avaliados conforme a NBR 15316-2:2015 para as condições secas. Todos os insumos foram fornecidos pelo fabricante de painéis Duratex SA, e os testes foram realizados nos laboratórios da empresa. O adesivo PVA mostrou-se bastante favorável, apresentando grande compatibilidade com os demais componentes da formulação, apresentando potencial para fabricação de MDF. Diversos traços conseguiram atender os requisitos da norma, com destaque para módulo de ruptura (MOR), módulo de elasticidade (MOE), obtidos atraves do ensaio de flexão estática, e o teor de umidade. Houve também uma discreta redução na emissão de formol em dois traços (T3 e T4), e na avaliação dos perfis de densidade foi constatado que a formulação dos traços não impactou nas densidades médias da espessura dos painéis.
The work consisted in the production of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) in laboratory scale using PVA adhesive (Polyacetate Vinyl Chloride), varying their concentrations and performing mixtures with commonly used resin in this process, the adhesive base of ureafomaldehyde, which was evaluated in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the panels produced, also aimed to check the formaldehyde release to the environment when applied together with resin urea-fomaldehyde, and evaluation of the densities of the features profiles. The samples were made from eucalyptus fibers where PVA adhesive doses followed the following proportions: 30%, 50% and 70%, and for the purpose of comparison with the samples produced with the mixture of PVA blank tests were made with 100 % ureaformaldehyde. In total, we produced 16 samples, four panels of each stroke, and removed the specimens which were then evaluated according to NBR 15316-2: 2015 for dry conditions. All inputs were provided by the panel manufacturer Duratex SA, and the tests were performed in the company's laboratories. PVA adhesive proved to be very favorable, with high compatibility with the other components of the formulation, with potential for the production of MDF. Many features were able to meet the standard requirements, particularly modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), obtained through the bending, and moisture content test. There was also a slight reduction in formaldehyde emissions by two dashes (T3 and T4), and evaluation of density profiles was found that the formulation of the traits did not affect the average thickness of the thickness of the panels.
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Eugênio, Rafael Augusto Pinholati. "Painéis de medium density fiberboard produzidos com adesivo alternativo /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145030.

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Orientador: Ivaldo De Domenico Valarelli
Banca: Rosane Aparecida G. Basttistelle
Banca: Alexandre Jorge Duarte Souza
Resumo: O trabalho consistiu na produção de painéis de MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) em escala laboratorial utilizando o adesivo PVA (Poliacetato de Vinila), variando suas concentrações e realizando misturas com a resina comumente empregada neste processo, o adesivo a base de uréia-fomaldeído, onde foi avaliado além das características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis produzidos, também teve o intuito de verificar o desprendimento de formaldeído para o ambiente quando aplicado juntamente com a resina uréia-fomaldeído, e a avaliação dos perfis de densidades dos traços. As amostras foram confeccionadas com fibra de eucalipto, onde as dosagens do adesivo PVA seguiram as seguintes proporções: 30%, 50% e 70%, e para efeito de comparação com as amostras produzidas com a mistura de PVA foram fabricadas provas em branco com 100% uréia-formaldeído. No total foram produzidas 16 amostras, quatro painéis de cada traço, e retirados os corpos de prova que posteriormente foram avaliados conforme a NBR 15316-2:2015 para as condições secas. Todos os insumos foram fornecidos pelo fabricante de painéis Duratex SA, e os testes foram realizados nos laboratórios da empresa. O adesivo PVA mostrou-se bastante favorável, apresentando grande compatibilidade com os demais componentes da formulação, apresentando potencial para fabricação de MDF. Diversos traços conseguiram atender os requisitos da norma, com destaque para módulo de ruptura (MOR), módulo de elasticidade (MOE), obtidos atraves do ensaio de flexã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The work consisted in the production of MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) in laboratory seade using PVA adhesive (Polyacetate Chloride), varying their concentration and perfomring mixtures with commonly used resin in this process the adhesive base of urea-fomaldehyde, which was evaluated in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the panels produced, also aimed to check the formaldehyde release to the environment when applied together with resin urea-formaldehyde, and evaluation of the desnsities of the features profiles. The samples were made from eucalyptus fibers where PVA adhesive doses followed proportions: 30%, 50% and 70%, and for the purpose of comparison with the samples produced with the samples produced with the mixture of PVA blank tests were made with 100% urea-formaldehyde. In total, we produced 16 samples, four panels of each stroke, and removed the speciments which then evaluated according to NBR 15316-2:2015 for dry conditions. All inputs were provided by the panel manufacturer Duratex SA, and the tests were performed in the company's laboratories. PVA adhesive proved to be very favorable, with high compatibility with the other components of the formulation, with potential for the production of MDF. Many features were able to meet the standard requirements, particularly modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), obtained through the bending, and moisture content test. There was also a slight reduction in formaldehyde emissions by two dashes (T3 and T4), and evaluation of density profiles was found that the formulation of the traits did not affect the average thickness of the thickness of the panels
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Cui, Zhiying. "Denim Fiberboard Fabricated from MUF and pMDI Hybrid Resin System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505281/.

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In this study, a series of denim fiberboards are fabricated using two different resins, malamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI). Two experimental design factors (1) adhesive content and (2) MUF-pMDI weight ratio, were studied. All the denim fiberboard samples were fabricated following the same resin blending, cold-press and hot-press procedures. The physical and mechanical tests were conducted on the fiberboard following the procedures described in ASTM D1037 to obtain such as modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), thickness swell (TS), and water absorption (WA). The results indicated that the MOE was significantly affected by both factors. IB was affected significantly by weight ratio of different glue types, with 17 wt% more MDI resin portion in the core layer of the denim boards, the IB for total adhesive content 15% fiberboard was enhanced by 306%, while for total adhesive content 25% fiberboard, enhanced by 205%. TS and WA, with higher adhesive content used in denim boards' fabrication, and more pMDI portion in the core layer of the boards, the boards' TS and WA was reduced by up to 64.2% and 78.8%, respectively.
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Ding, Zhiguang. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Iron Oxide Impregnated Kenaf Bast Fiberboard." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699998/.

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The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of kenaf bast fiber based composites with different iron oxide impregnation levels was investigated. The kenaf fibers were retted to remove the lignin and extractives from the pores in fibers, and then magnetized. Using the unsaturated polyester and the magnetized fibers, kenaf fiber based composites were manufactured by compression molding process. The transmission energies of the composites were characterized when the composite samples were exposed under the irradiation of electromagnetic (EM) wave with a changing frequency from 9 GHz to 11 GHz. Using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the iron oxide nanoparticles were observed on the surfaces and inside the micropore structures of single fibers. The SEM images revealed that the composite’s EM shielding effectiveness was increased due to the adhesion of the iron oxide crystals to the kenaf fiber surfaces. As the Fe content increased from 0% to 6.8%, 15.9% and 18.0%, the total surface free energy of kenaf fibers with magnetizing treat increased from 44.77 mJ/m2 to 46.07 mJ/m2, 48.78 mJ/m2 and 53.02 mJ/m2, respectively, while the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reduced from 2,875 MPa to 2,729 MPa, 2,487 MPa and 2,007 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the shielding effectiveness was increased from 30-50% to 60-70%, 65-75% and 70-80%, respectively.
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Books on the topic "Fiberboards"

1

Myers, Gary C. Characterization of fiberboard pulp. [Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, 1987.

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Modern particleboard & dry-process fiberboard manufacturing. San Francisco: Miller Freeman, 1993.

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Hust, J. G. Glass fiberboard SRM for thermal resistance. Gaithersburg, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Hust, J. G. Glass fiberboard SRM for thermal resistance. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Hurst, Jerome G. Glass fiberboard SRM for thermal resistance. Washington: National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Suchsland, Otto. Fiberboard manufacturing practices in the United States. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1987.

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Myers, Gary C. Fiberboard and hardboard research at the Forest Products Laboratory: A 50-year summary. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Suchsland, Otto. Fiberboard manufacturing practices in the United States. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1987.

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Sachs, I. B. Microscopic observations during longitudinal compression loading of single pulp fibers. Madison, Wis: USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1986.

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Sachs, I. B. Microscopic observations during longitudinal compression loading of single pulp fibers. Madison, Wis: USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fiberboards"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Fiberboard." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 300. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4857.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Enzyme Application in Fiberboard." In Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing, 273–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_13.

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Vazquez-Loureiro, P., F. Salgado, A. Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós, and R. Sendón. "Medium Density Fiberboard as Food Contact Material." In Food Packaging, 347–68. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322129-13.

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Nasir, Mohammed, Mohammad Asim, and Kaushal Singh. "Fiberboard Manufacturing from Laccase Activated Lignin Based Bioadhesive." In Eco-Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites, 51–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4749-6_3.

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Razali, Nur Amalina, Nur Atiqah Nabilah Johari, Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Jamaludin Kasim, and Suffian Misran. "Fibre Morphology of Leucaena leucocephala Wood: Effects on Fiberboard." In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016), 817–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0074-5_79.

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Yin, Xing, Zhiqiang Chen, Shuangshuang Liu, and Xiaoxiu Hao. "Research on Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcing Board and Corrugated Fiberboard." In Advances in Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging Technology and Materials, 458–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0503-1_67.

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Ng, Boon-Chai, Craig Bradfield, Roy Pritish, and Marlene Murray. "Potential Fiberboard Material from Cow Manure and Disposable Water Bottle." In Supplemental Proceedings, 119–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118356074.ch16.

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Guan, Shuyue, Dawei Qi, and Yu Han. "Automatic Fiberboard Density Testing Based on Application of Computed Tomography." In Information and Business Intelligence, 614–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29084-8_95.

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Jancík, Juraj, Paulína Magdolenová, and Frank Markert. "Comparison of Cone Calorimetry and FDS Model of Low-Density Fiberboard Pyrolysis." In Wood & Fire Safety, 144–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_22.

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Babu, Libin K., Kunal Mishra, and Raman P. Singh. "Influence of Crumb Rubber Reinforcement on the Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard." In Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 5, 257–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95510-0_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fiberboards"

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"Medium Density Fiberboards from Date Palm Residues a Strategic Industry in the Arab World." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-6.

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Nechepurenko, E. V. "The physical-mechanical process of obtaining a wood-fiber semi-finished product in the production of fiberboards in wet mode." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-05-2018-91.

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Jackson, Daniel, Tom Bartindale, and Patrick Olivier. "FiberBoard." In the ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1731903.1731908.

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Jackson, Daniel, Tom Bartindale, and Patrick Olivier. "FiberBoard." In the ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1731903.1731954.

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Daugherty, W. L., K. A. Dunn, J. L. Murphy, and E. R. Hackney. "Effects of Moisture in the 9975 Shipping Package Fiberboard Assembly." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25087.

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The fiberboard assembly used in 9975 shipping packages as an impact-absorption and insulation component has the capacity to absorb moisture, with an accompanying change to its properties. While package fabrication requirements generally maintain the fiberboard moisture content within manufacturing range, there is the potential during use or storage for atypical handling or storage practices which result in the absorption of additional moisture. In addition to performing a transportation function, the 9975 shipping packages are used as a facility storage system for special nuclear materials at the Savannah River Site. A small number of packages after extended storage have been found to contain elevated moisture levels. Typically, this condition is accompanied by an axial compaction of the bottom fiberboard layers, and the growth of mold. In addition to potential atypical practices, fiberboard can exchange moisture with the surrounding air, depending on the ambient humidity. Laboratory data have been generated to correlate the equilibrium moisture content of cane fiberboard with the humidity of the surrounding air. These data are compared to measurements taken within shipping packages. With a reasonable measurement of the fiberboard moisture content, an estimate of the fiberboard properties can be made. Over time, elevated moisture levels will negatively impact performance properties, and promote fiberboard mold growth and resultant degradation.
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Smith, Allen C., Philip R. Vormelker, Glenn K. Chapman, Greg D. Creech, Jamil Khan, Mir Zahedul Huq Khandkar, and Kenneth W. Miller. "Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Crush Strength of Cellulose Fiberboard Assemblies." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1612.

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Cane fiberboard is widely used as the impact absorption and thermal insulation material in overpacks for radioactive materials shipping packages. The study described here investigated the properties of cane fiberboard assemblies under environmental conditions important to radioactive materials packaging applications. Tests were performed for loading perpendicular and parallel to the planes of the fiberboard sheets for both slow and impact strain rates, at high and low temperature and at high and low humidity. Under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the stress/strain response of the assemblies was close to the response at ambient conditions. However, for low temperature and impact strain rate conditions for specimens loaded parallel to the planes of the fiberboard sheets, an initial stress spike was found. The cause of this transient, high, initial stress was determined to be the stiffening effect of the glue layers used to bond the fiberboard sheets together.
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Tamburello, David, Matthew Kesterson, and Steven Hensel. "Thermal Analysis of the 9975 Package Used for Long Term Nuclear Material Storage." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93058.

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Abstract The 9975 is a double containment shipping package used to transport plutonium bearing materials for the US Department of Energy. The 9975 is also used for long term storage of plutonium bearing materials at the Savannah River Site. The package utilizes a fiberboard overpack to protect against fire and impact events. The 9975 has been shown to maintain containment during a hypothetical facility accident fire even though the facility fire is hotter and longer than the regulatory transportation fire. Fiberboard aging and degradation has been investigated using both laboratory and field surveillance data. This information is used to evaluate an aged 9975 used for nuclear material storage. Variations in fiberboard thermal properties due to aging were shown to have modest effects on the maximum component temperatures, while the package geometry variations due to aging and degradation have a larger effect on the maximum component temperatures. Specifically, the air gap between the upper fiberboard assembly and the drum lid increases during storage due to the deterioration of the lower fiberboard assembly and slumping of the package containment vessel. A limiting air gap distance has been determined via thermal fire analysis, which may be used to estimate a storage life.
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Daugherty, W. L. "Properties of Fiberboard Overpack Material in the 9975 Shipping Package Following Thermal Aging." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26114.

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Many radioactive material shipping packages incorporate cane fiberboard overpacks for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties have been measured on cane fiberboard following thermal aging in several temperature/humidity environments. Several of the measured properties change significantly over time in the more severe environments, while other properties are relatively constant. These properties continue to be tracked, with the goal of developing a model for predicting a service life under long-term storage conditions.
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Vormelker, P. R., and W. L. Daugherty. "Thermal Properties of Fiberboard Overpack Materials in the 9975 Shipping Package." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71569.

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The 9975 shipping package incorporates a cane fiberboard overpack for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Thermal properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity) have been measured on cane fiberboard and a similar wood fiber-based product at several temperatures representing potential storage conditions. While the two products exhibit similar behavior, the measured specific heat capacity varies significantly from prior data. The current data are being developed as the basis to verify that this material remains acceptable over the extended storage time period.
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Daugherty, W. L., and P. R. Vormelker. "Mechanical Properties of Fiberboard Overpack Materials in the 9975 Shipping Package." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71568.

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Many radioactive material (RAM) shipping packages incorporate cane fiberboard overpacks for thermal insulation and impact resistance. Mechanical strength (tensile and compressive) has been measured on cane fiberboard and a similar wood-based product following short-term conditioning in several temperature/humidity environments. Both products show similar trends and vary in behavior with fiber orientation, temperature and humidity. A memory effect also exists where original strength values are only partially recovered following exposure to a degrading environment and return to ambient conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Fiberboards"

1

Leader, D. R. Thermal conductivity of cane fiberboard. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/402292.

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Norton, Carol. Performance Testing of Fiberboard Shipping Containers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373787.

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Daugherty, W. L. Fiberboard humidity data for 9975 shipping packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209029.

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Daugherty, W. Fiberboard Humidity Data for 9975 Shipping Packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209051.

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Daugherty, W. L. Fiberboard humidity data for 9975 shipping packages. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209034.

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Ratto, Jo Ann, Richard Farrell, Nandika D'Souza, Koffi Dagnon, Susan Sun, Jason Niedzwiecki, and Jeanne Lucciarini. Lightweight and Compostable Fiberboard for the Military. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564025.

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Daugherty, W. EXAMINATION OF FIBERBOARD FROM SHIPPING PACKAGE 9975-01819. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/951555.

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Daugherty, W. L. Humidity data for 9975 shipping packages with cane fiberboard. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1252422.

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Daugherty, W. L. Humidity Data for 9975 Shipping Packages with Softwood Fiberboard. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1340199.

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Silberstein, Samuel. Predicting formaldehyde concentrations in manufactured housing resulting from medium-density fiberboard. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3761.

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