Academic literature on the topic 'Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing"
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Mukhtar, Faisal M., and Olaniyi Arowojolu. "Recent developments in experimental and computational studies of hygrothermal effects on the bond between FRP and concrete." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 11-12 (March 22, 2020): 422–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420912332.
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The performance of fiber reinforced polymer externally bonded to concrete is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions to which it is exposed during service. Temperature and humidity are the two common environmental factors that alter the bond behavior of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer. This paper reviews the experimental and computational approaches used to evaluate the hygrothermal effects—that is, the effect of temperature and humidity—on the durability of the fiber reinforced polymer–concrete bond, as well as on the bond’s performance under loading conditions. Some experimental testing conducted in the laboratory and in situ are critically reviewed and presented. Implemented approaches for improving bond performance under hygrothermal conditions and their modeling techniques are also presented. The paper concludes by discussing the review’s salient issues. The ongoing wide application of externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer creates opportunities for new research on improving and predicting the bond strength of fiber reinforced polymer concrete under hygrothermal conditions.
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Ismail, Nur Farhani, Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan, Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, and Che Hassan Che Haron. "The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Polymer Epoxy Composites." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122005.
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The use of kenaf fiber as a reinforcement material for polymer composites is gaining popularity, especially in the production of automotive components. The main objective of this current work is to relate the effect of alkali treatment on the single fiber itself and the composite material simultaneously. The effect of temperature condition during mechanical testing is also investigated. Composite materials with discontinuous natural kenaf fibers and epoxy resin were fabricated using a compression moulding process. The epoxy composites were reinforced with 50 wt% untreated and treated kenaf fibers. The kenaf fiber was treated with NaOH solution (6% by weight) for 24 h at room temperature. Kenaf fiber treated with NaOH treatment had a clean surface and no impurities. For the first time we can see that alkali treatment had a damaging effect on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibers itself and the treated kenaf/epoxy composites. The composite reinforced with untreated kenaf fiber and treated kenaf fiber showed increased tensile strength (72.85% and 12.97%, respectively) compared to the neat epoxy. Reinforcement of the composite with treated kenaf fiber decreased the tensile strength due to the fiber pull out and the formation of voids which weakens the adhesion between the fibers and matrix. The temperature conditions also play an important role in composites with a significant impact on the deterioration of composite materials. Treated kenaf fiber has thermal stability and is not sensitive to temperature and as a result reinforcement with treated kenaf gives a lower loss value of 76%.
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Anis, Arfat, Shan Faiz, and Saeed M. Al-Zahrani. "Effects of extrusion parameters on tensile strength of polybenzimidazole fiber-reinforced high density polyethylene composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0006.
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Abstract The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of fiber content and extrusion parameters on polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber-reinforced polyethylene composites and to determine the optimum values for the tensile strength. The PBI fiber was physically mixed with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and then extruded through a twin screw extruder. The extrusion parameters were studied at different levels, barrel temperatures at 240°C, 250°C and 260°C and screw speeds at 12 rpm, 15 rpm and 18 rpm. The tensile strength was measured using a universal testing machine. A response surface experimental design using Design-Expert was applied to investigate the effect of fiber loading and extrusion parameters (barrel temperature, screw speed) on tensile properties of the resulting composite and consequently analyzing the optimized value for these parameters to yield maximum tensile strength. The analysis predicted a linear model which suggests that in order to achieve maximum tensile strength the screw speed should be 18 rpm, the barrel temperature at 240°C and at a fiber loading of 2%.
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Xiao, Kai Tao, Jia Zheng Li, and Hua Quan Yang. "Study of Crack Resistance Property of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.178.
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The strength, ultimate tensile value, compressive elastic modulus and drying shrinkage of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced concrete were studied by tests, and its crack resistance property was also studied by plate method and temperature stress testing machine. The test results showed that PVA fiber could improve the tensile strength and ultimate tensile value of concrete, lower its compressive elastic modulus and drying shrinkage, restrain its early plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage cracks, reduce its cracking temperature and improve the crack resistance property of concrete, moreover, the effect of long PVA fiber was better.
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Valle, Vladimir, Alex Aguilar, Jeronimo Kreiker, Belén Raggiotti, and Francisco Cadena. "Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fiber-Reinforced Acrylic Thermoplastic Composites: Effect of Salt Fog Aging on Tensile, Spectrophotometric, and Thermogravimetric Properties." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6372264.
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The prioritization of agroindustry fiber wastes as raw materials in development of composites has become a challenge to obtain higher value-added products with targeted applications. In this study, natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites were elaborated using two fiber sizes (605 μm and 633 μm) of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and acrylic thermoplastic resin. In doing so, resin and fibers were mixed at room temperature by maintaining filler content of 42 wt. % for all formulations. In addition, thermomechanical compression moulding was used as composite manufacturing process at four processing temperatures (80, 100, 120, and 140°C). All formulations were subsequently exposed to salt fog spray aging for 330 hours. The effects of accelerated aging process on mechanical, spectrophotometric, and thermogravimetric characteristics were studied. On the whole, results have shown feasibility to use a facile method to elaborate composites based on waterborne acrylic matrix and OPEFB fibers. After salt spray testing, it was observed detectable levels of Aspergillus spp. of fungi in all samples, as a result of phylogenetic organization of microbial activity. Tensile behavior of composites was significantly influenced by processing temperature and fiber size. In broad terms, their overall mechanical properties were improved by the increase of temperature. Additionally, infrared spectroscopy results showed important bands mainly associated to biodegradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. On the other hand, two degradation stages were mainly identified in thermogravimetric evaluation. Noteworthy, aging had no significant effect on the thermal properties of composites.
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Adeniran, Olusanmi, Norman Osa-uwagboe, Weilong Cong, and Monsuru Ramoni. "Fabrication Temperature-Related Porosity Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured CFRP Composites." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010012.
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The use of additive manufacturing in fabricating composite components has been gaining traction in the past decade. However, some issues with mechanical performance still need to be resolved. The issue of material porosity remains a pertinent one which needs more understanding to be able to come up with more viable solutions. Different researchers have examined the subject; however, more research to quantitatively determine fabrication temperatures effects at the micro-scale are still needed. This study employed micro-CT scan analysis to quantitatively compare fabrication temperatures effect at 230 °C, 250 °C, 270 °C, and 290 °C on the mechanical properties of AM fabricated carbon-fiber-reinforces plastic (CFRP) composites, testing carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (CF-PA) and carbon fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF-ABS) samples. This micro-CT examination followed an SEM evaluation, which was used to determine temperature effects on interlayer and intralayer porosity generation. The porosity volume was related to the mechanical properties, in which it was determined how temperatures influence porosity volumes. It was also determined that fabrication temperature generally affects semicrystalline composites more than amorphous composites. The overall porosity volumes from the interlayer and intralayer voids were determined, with the interlayer voids being more influential in influencing the mechanical properties.
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Miyano, Yasushi, Masayuki Nakada, and Yo Yoshikoshi. "Statistical creep failure time of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic under bending load." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 8 (February 8, 2022): 1153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211072959.
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Our developed accelerated testing methodology (ATM) based on the matrix resin viscoelasticity for the creep and fatigue failure life prediction of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) was applied to the statistical prediction of long-term creep failure life for the longitudinal bending of unidirectional Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates which is an important basic item for the durability design of CFRP structures used for aircraft and others. As results, the statistical creep failure times measured under several constant bending loads at an arbitrary temperature for unidirectional CFRP laminates were agreed with the predicted results obtained by substituting the matrix resin viscoelasticity and the flexural static strengths of CFRP laminates statistically and easily measured at various temperatures into the formulation of ATM. The long-term creep strength under bending load at an arbitrary temperature predicted were compared with that under tension load obtained by our previous paper. It was clear that the creep strength under bending load degreases drastically with increase in time and temperature comparing with that under tension load; therefore, the effect of time and temperature on the creep failure life under bending load is larger than that under tension load.
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Patel, Himanshu V., and Harshit K. Dave. "The effect of stacking sequence and fiber orientation on tensile and flexural strength of fiber reinforced composite fabricated by VARTM process." Engineering Solid Mechanics 11, no. 1 (2023): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.9.001.
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In this study, Carbon, Glass, and Aramid fiber reinforced composite and their hybridized forms were fabricated using five different stacking sequences of the fabrics. Using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) procedure, epoxy resin was injected into these fabrics and allowed to cure at room temperature. From these five stacking sequences, a standard specimen with four different orientations viz. 0/90°, 15/75°, 30/60°, 45/-45° orientations were obtained using the Abrasive Water Jet Machining(AWJM) Process. The influence of stacking order and fiber orientation on tensile and flexural properties of composite was investigated. From the result of tensile testing, the highest and lowest tensile strength values were observed for neat carbon fiber reinforced composite at 0/90° orientation and at 45/-45° orientation respectively. The highest flexural strength was achieved in a hybrid combination of two layers of carbon, glass and aramid fabric for 0/90° whereas the lowest flexural strength was found in glass reinforced composite for the 45/-45° orientation.
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Song, You, Jiangang Deng, Zhuolin Xu, Yu Nie, and Zhenbo Lan. "Effect of Thermal Aging on Mechanical Properties and Color Difference of Glass Fiber/Polyetherimide (GF/PEI) Composites." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010067.
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This research study is aimed at evaluating the mechanical characteristics in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced Polyetherimide (GF/PEI) under different thermal aging. Tensile testing and bending testing were performed on the thermally aged polyetherimide composites. The mechanical properties of the thermally aged samples were also correlated with their color difference. The experimental results showed that both the tensile strength and flexural strength of the GF/PEI composite samples decreased with increasing aging temperature. However, the elastic modulus of the composite samples is nearly independent on the thermal aging. The thermally aged samples exhibited brittle fracture, resulting in low strength and low ductility. The loss in strength after thermal aging could be also linked to the change of their color difference, which can indirectly reflect the change of the strength for the composites after thermal aging.
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Tefera, Getahun, Sarp Adali, and Glen Bright. "Mechanical Behavior of GFRP Laminates Exposed to Thermal and Moist Environmental Conditions: Experimental and Model Assessment." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081523.
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This paper presents an experimental and analytical study about the mechanical response at a different temperature on glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates. The effect of different environmental conditions on compressive, tensile, stiffness, and viscoelastic behavior (storage modulus, loss modulus and damping ratio) of laminates were investigated. Before testing, laminates were preserved in a deep freezer at −80 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, and room temperature (25 °C) for up to 60 days. Results confirmed that temperatures ranging from −80 to 50 °C, which were below the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin, did not significantly affect the compressive, tensile, and stiffness performance of all laminates. When the testing temperature increased to 100 °C, the properties were decreased significantly due to the damaging of the fiber/matrix interface. Additionally, results obtained from dynamic mechanical analyses tests showed a drop-in storage modulus, high peaks in loss modulus and high damping factor at the glass transition region of the epoxy resin. The highest storage modulus, two phases of glassy states and highest damping ratio on the −80/G group of laminates were obtained. The accuracy of experimental results was assessed with empirical models on the storage modulus behavior of laminates. The empirical model developed by Gibson et al. provided accurate estimates of the storage modulus as a function of temperature and frequency. The remaining empirical models were less accurate and non-conservative estimations of laminates stiffness.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing"
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Allard, Austin. "Energy-Saving Non-Metallic Connectors for Precast Sandwich Wall Systems in Cold Regions." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26840.
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Conserving energy in large structural buildings has become very important in today's economy. A number of buildings today are constructed with sandwich wall panels. Steel connections are most commonly used in these panels. The problem with steel is that it has a tendency to reduce the thermal resistance of the insulation. This project considers glass fiber reinforcing polymers (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforcing polymers (CFRP) as an alternate material to steel. An experimental sandwich wall panel was constructed and subjected to freezing temperatures. The results of the experimental program were compared to a theoretical model using the ANSYS computer program. The model was verified using current analytical methods that determine the heat flux of a sandwich wall panel. The methods investigated include the parallel path, zone, parallel flow, and isothermal planes methods. The results suggest that the GFRP connectors perform slightly better than the steel and CFRP connectors.ND EPSCoR
Books on the topic "Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing"
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Menna, Todd J., ed. Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11b.9781627083959.
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Volume 11B serves as a reference and guide to help engineers determine the causes of failure in plastic components and make corrective adjustments through design and manufacturing modifications. It contains seven major divisions, covering polymer science and processing, material selection and design, chemical, thermal, and physical analysis, mechanical behavior and testing, degradation mechanisms, systematic failure analysis, and life assessment and optimization. It examines a wide range of factors that contribute to the properties and behaviors of engineering plastics and the effect of thermal and mechanical stresses, impact loading, fatigue, wear, weathering, moisture and chemical exposure, photochemical aging, microbial degradation, and elevated temperatures. It addresses issues such as flammability, environmental stress cracking, crazing, and stress whitening and describes the unique characteristics of polymer fracture and how to assess and predict service life using fracture mechanics. It also presents and analyzes numerous examples of failure, including design and manufacturing related failures, wear failures of reinforced plastics, and failures due to creep and yielding.
Book chapters on the topic "Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing"
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Broughton, William R., and Antony S. Maxwell. "Accelerated Life Testing and Aging." In Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics, 1–11. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.a0006909.
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Abstract Accelerated life testing and aging methodologies are increasingly being used to generate engineering data for determining material property degradation and service life (or fitness for purpose) of plastic materials for hostile service conditions. This article presents an overview of accelerated life testing and aging of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced plastic materials for assessing long-term material properties and life expectancy in hostile service environments. It considers various environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, weathering, liquid chemicals (i.e., alkalis and acids), ionizing radiation, and biological degradation, along with the combined effects of mechanical stress, temperature, and moisture (including environmental stress corrosion). The article also includes information on the use of accelerated testing for predicting material property degradation and long-term performance.
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Chandra Chakraborty, Bikash. "FRP for Marine Application." In Fiber-Reinforced Plastic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101332.
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Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) are widely used in marine sector owing to their high specific strength and resistance to marine corrosion. For naval application, additional advantages are transparency to radar wave and better vibration damping than metals. The use of various FRPs in off-shore structures and marine vessels needs analysis of desired properties considering the types of matrices and fiber. The common consideration is effect of sea water on the properties of the FRP. This chapter gives a brief on use of different FRPs in various areas such as off-shore pillars, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) enclosers, primary and secondary marine components. A brief discussion is included here on diffusion models and estimation of durability by a time-temperature superposition principle applied to water ingress and corresponding change in mechanical strength of FRPs with examples. The effect of microbial activity on the damage of FRP is not very much reported in literature. It is known that sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are the most damaging microbes for FRP. In conclusion, it is highlighted that vinyl-ester-based FRPs using glass and carbon fibers are best for marine application. To determine the realistic service life in marine environment, Vinyl Ester- FRP (VE-FRP) are to be simultaneously studied for damage due to sea water and the microbes such SRB.
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"Tensile Testing at Low Temperatures." In Tensile Testing, 239–49. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060239.
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Abstract This chapter details low-temperature test procedures and equipment. It discusses the role temperature plays in the properties of typical engineering materials. The effect that lowering the temperature of a solid has on the mechanical properties of a material is summarized for three principal groups of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, and polymers (including fiber-reinforced polymers). The chapter describes the factors that influence the selection of tensile testing procedures for low-temperature evaluation, along with a comparison of tensile and compression tests. It covers the parameters and standards related to low-temperature tensile testing. The chapter discusses the factors involved in controlling test temperature. Finally, the chapter discusses the safety issues concerning the use of cooled methanol, liquid-nitrogen, and liquid helium.
Conference papers on the topic "Fiber-reinforced plastics Effect of temperature on Testing"
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Ning, Fuda, Weilong Cong, Zhenyuan Jia, Fuji Wang, and Meng Zhang. "Additive Manufacturing of CFRP Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: Effects of Process Parameters." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8561.
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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the attractive additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for rapid prototyping with complex structures in a short timeframe. Thermoplastics are currently used as common feedstocks to fabricate prototypes in FDM process. However, FDM-fabricated pure thermoplastic parts cannot be used as load-bearing parts in the actual applications due to their limited tensile strength. Such condition could be improved by developing carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites using FDM for potential industrial end users. It is crucial that proper selections of FDM process parameters during fabricating CFRP composite parts could ensure the part quality and properties. However, the effects of FDM process parameters on the tensile properties of CFRP composites have not been explored. In this paper, CFRP composite specimens with 5 wt% carbon fiber content were fabricated using a FDM machine. Tensile testing was conducted to obtain the tensile properties. The effects of process parameters (including infill speed, nozzle temperature, and layer thickness) on the tensile properties of FDM-fabricated CFRP composite parts were investigated.
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Prakash, Raghu V., and Vishnu Viswanath. "Effect of Moisture Absorption on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69865.
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Abstract The use of Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) in underwater applications has been increasing in recent times, due to its superior durability and chemical stability in corrosive environments compared to metals. However, penetration of moisture in to the polymer matrix can adversely affect the mechanical properties of composite materials. In this study, the effect of exposure to plain water and simulated sea water (3.5% by weight NaCl salt) water on the mechanical properties of GFRP specimens has been analyzed. Tensile and three point bend tests were conducted on composite specimens with different moisture contents to characterize the mechanical degradation due to moisture absorption. Gravimetric tests were conducted on specimens to calculate the moisture absorption parameters. The results indicate that plain water is absorbed at a faster rate compared to salt water. Using these parameters, a transient moisture diffusion model was developed using commercial finite element software ABAQUS®. The results of tensile and three point bend testing indicate that both tensile and flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites degrade with exposure to plain water and salt water. Further, a coupled hygro-mechanical model was developed in ABAQUS® and the simulation results were compared with actual test results. Scanning electron Microscopy was used to examine the fracture surface of failed specimens. The cause for mechanical degradation seems to be the deterioration of fiber-matrix interface due to the penetration of water molecules.
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Bayar, Selen, Feridun Delale, and Benjamin Liaw. "Temperature Effect on Low Velocity Impact of Nanoclay Reinforced Polymers." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88200.
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The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of temperature on nanoclay reinforced polymers subjected to low velocity impact loads. Most of the studies for low velocity drop weight tests are on fiber or fabric reinforced polymers. In recent years nanoadditives such as nanoclay have been used to improve the fire retardation of composites. The low velocity drop weight testing undertaken under this research has the distinct goal of obtaining base line data for impact analysis of nanoclay reinforced polymers. First, polypropylene 3371 (PP) resin specimens with dimensions of 4″×4″×(1/8)″ reinforced with varying weight fractions of nanoclay (0%, 0.2%, 1%, 3%, 6% and 10%) and instrumented with strain gages were subjected to low velocity impact tests. The low velocity impact tests were carried out at an energy level appropriate for nanoadditive reinforced polymers and at various temperatures, from −65°F (−54°C) to 160°F (71°C). The variation of contact force, specimen deflection and energy imparted to the specimen with time and the variation of contact force with displacement were obtained at each temperature. Depending on the drop height, the weight used and the percentage of nanoclay reinforcement, the following was observed: some specimens were penetrated (P), some cracked (F) and some visually remained virtually intact (NP), that is, they were not penetrated. The results of the low velocity impact tests indicate that high temperatures affect polypropylene significantly and practically eliminate the effect of nanoclay reinforcement. As a consequence the specimens show ductile behavior and were not penetrated. However, at room and low temperatures the effect of nanoclay reinforcement is discernable and addition of nanoclay makes the specimens more brittle, resulting in penetration of most of them.
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Longbiao, Li. "Temperature-Dependent Fatigue Damage Evolution of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14144.
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Abstract In this paper, the temperature-dependent fatigue damage evolution of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) is investigated. The fatigue loading/unloading constitutive model considering the effect of temperature is developed based on the damage mechanisms of matrix cracking, interface debonding, and repeated sliding between the fiber and the matrix. The relationships between the fatigue loading/unloading hysteresis loops, testing temperature, applied cycle number, peak stress, and fiber/matrix interface debonding and sliding are established. The evolution of fatigue loading/unloading hysteresis loops, interface debonding and sliding length with applied cycle number is analyzed. The effects of temperature, peak stress level, applied cycle number, interface shear stress, and interface debonding energy on the fatigue damage evolution are discussed based on the developed temperature-dependent fatigue loading/unloading constitutive model. The experimental fatigue damage evolution of SiC/SiC composite at 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C in inert atmosphere, 1000°C in air and in steam atmosphere, and 1300°C in air atmosphere are predicted. The interface shear stress of SiC/SiC composite decreases with temperature, and the degradation rate of interface shear stress increases with temperature.
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Nazaripoor, Hadi, John Sunny, Ahmed Hammami, and Pierre Mertiny. "Mechanical Performance of Aged Long Fibers: Direct Water Exposure and Temperature Effect." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-83931.
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Abstract Long fiber-reinforced composite materials consist of continuous fibers with high strength and modulus embedded in either a thermoset or thermoplastic matrix. The resulting composite material provides a combination of properties that cannot be achieved with either of the constituents acting alone. In composite structures, fibers are the primary load-carrying element, whereas the matrix transfers stress to and between the fibers while protecting them from adverse environmental conditions and mechanical damages. While thermosetting matrices provide a high level of protection against water permeation, exposure to moisture may still be significant in certain thermoplastics. Therefore, the effect of moisture on the reinforcing elements and the degradation rate may be considerable. The presented study investigated the effects of environmental aging conditions on different commercially available continuous fibers, i.e., glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The fibers were soaked in water at room and elevated temperature to investigate the degradation mechanisms and, ultimately, the mechanical performance of the fibers. Mechanical testing was performed with wet fibers and dried fibers after aging. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was employed to explore the responsible mechanism for fiber degradation by environmental aging.
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Akinyede, Oladapo, Ram Mohan, Ajit Kelkar, Jag Sankar, and Ashish Pandya. "Processing and Characterization of Hybrid Nanoparticle Infused Structural Fiber Composites." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81731.
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Effective conventional manufacturing techniques are required to integrate the nanomaterial configurations into material systems at a larger component and structural level to obtain the enhanced benefits offered by the material configurations at the nano length scale. A low cost manufacturing process based on vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is demonstrated for the effective processing of fiber composite laminates using modified epoxy resin systems dispersed with nano and sub-micron alumina oxide particles. The effect of alumina oxide particles on the thermo physical properties (glass transition temperature, etc), are studied via differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Higher glass transition temperatures with the alumina oxide and other nano particulate systems provide an opportunity to use conventional resin systems in high temperature applications. Ultrasonic mixing is employed to uniformly disperse the particles into an epoxy resin system. The flow characteristics of the modified resin system are not significantly different than the neat resin system and allowed the use of traditional VARTM processes successfully. The details of the resin modification and current studies on particulate modification for better interfacial bond are discussed in this paper. Wear performance for reinforced plastics are also investigated in this paper. Composite laminates with S2 glass and modified resins are fabricated. The mechanical behavior of the fabricated composite laminates with the neat and modified resin system using different sized and loading of alumina oxide particles are presented and discussed.
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MIZUTA, TOGO, MASAAKI NISHIKAWA, MASATO NISHI, NAOKI MATSUDA, and MASAKI HOJO. "COUPLED STRUCTURAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEFECT FORMATION PROCESS DURING CFRP TAPE LAYUP." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36470.
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The Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) is the technology for automated layup of multiple narrow prepreg tapes in CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) manufacturing of structural components for aircraft. Because most AFP devices cut the material perpendicular to the feed direction, geometrically complex layup can result in localized gaps and overlaps that can affect the mechanical properties of the molded product. The bending modulus of prepreg tapes is the dominant factor for defect formation in the layup process. For the layup using CFRTP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics) tapes, the material is heated during the tape layup and thus the temperature variation and distribution during forming have a large effect on the bending modulus of prepreg tapes [1]. In this study, we modeled the laminate with internal defects made by the AFP process, and we performed a coupled structural thermal analysis for the gap elimination when the out-of-plane pressure was applied, considering the temperature-dependent material properties of CFRTP. We showed a relationship between the bending stiffness of the layer above the gap and defect formation in CFRTP.
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BANIK, ARNOB, M. H. KHAN, and K. T. TAN. "IMPACT PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURES IN ARCTIC CONDITION." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36380.
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About 40% of sea ice-covered areas have been reduced over the last three decades due to the effect of global warming. The Northern Sea route has been considered as a more effective, quicker, and economical sea route for marine vessels. But it is not safe to operate in such a cold and harsh environment due to the potential risk of collision with ice chunks, resulting in damages in the marine structures. It is therefore important to understand the behavior of marine composites at low temperatures, with the overarching goal that leads to improved design for marine structures and materials that can operate safely and effectively in the Arctic environment. This study investigates the low-velocity impact performance and damage mechanisms of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), and carbon-glass fiber hybrid face sheets sandwich panel at both room temperature (23 °C) and low temperature (-70 °C) to mimic the Arctic environment. A series of low-velocity impact tests (3.46 m/s and 4.92 m/s) is performed at 15 J and 30 J energy using a drop tower testing machine. A relative comparison of the impact response due to different face sheet materials is presented in terms of force, displacement, and energy. Force-time and force-displacement plots show that GFRP sandwich composites have the highest damage initiation force and peak force values across different temperatures and impact energies. Furthermore, the lowest energy absorption for GFRP composites is found responsible for the least impact-induced damage. X-ray microcomputed tomography reveals severe fiber breakage on the compression side of CFRP sandwich panel and back face spitting at both temperatures for 30 J impacts. By replacing carbon fibers with glass fibers, the damage mechanism switches from fiber breakage to delamination as the dominant failure mode. The findings from this work will aid in a better understanding of the impact failure modes of composite sandwich structures at extremely low-temperature conditions.
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Ainsworth, Stephen D., and Robert A. Latour. "Design Optimization of a Composite Splint Material for Strength and Thermoformability." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0332.
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Abstract The development of a short fiber reinforced, low temperature thermoplastic splint material has potential to improve the ease, cost and efficiency of splinting and casting musculoskeletal problems. Design optimization of the fiber/matrix system is a key step in the development process of this new material. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic moduli were found for 2-D randomly oriented short E-glass fiber reinforced polycaprolactone at both room temperature and at 170°F. The effect of fiber length and fiber volume fraction on the previously mentioned properties were studied by testing a range of fiber volume fractions (0.0 to 0.10) with fiber lengths of 3 mm and 7 mm. The results of this study show potential for increasing strength and rigidity of the low temperature thermoplastic through fiber reinforcement, while maintaining some degree of thermoformability.
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BANIK, ARNOB, CHAO ZHANG, and K. T. TAN. "EFFECT OF IMPACTOR MASS ON CFRP IN ARCTIC CONDITION UNDER LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35806.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the impact response and damage characterization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under low-velocity impact by impactors of different masses and velocities at 62J. Low-velocity impacts are conducted at room temperature (23ºC) as well as low temperature (-70ºC) conditions in the thermal chamber of the drop tower testing machine, Instron CEAST 9350. The aim is to observe composite behavior in the cold Arctic environment due to equal energy impacts. Moreover, a 3mm thickness of ice is created on the CFRP samples at -12ºC after 24 hours of freezing and impacted at -70ºC. The goal is to elucidate the contribution of surface ice on the overall impact damage of composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography is utilized to reveal the inner damages of the composite structures. Intralaminar damage in the form of fiber breakage is found as the dominant failure mode on the CFRP samples from 62J impacts. But differences in the delamination and matrix crack formation are identified for different mass-velocity configurations and environmental conditions. Results show that low mass impactors produce a larger damage initiation force on the composites at all temperatures, whereas no specific trend is observed in the peak force values due to severe fiber failure. Although higher mass impactors show longer impact duration, lower mass impactors develop greater damage on the CFRP, as seen by a greater reduction in specimen stiffness. Furthermore, the presence of ice is observed to have a minimal effect on the damage behavior of composites. But ice layer assists to reduce the amplitude of initial load drop by the low mass impactor and as such, less permanent displacement is identified in the CFRP specimens than both room temperature and low-temperature conditions. This study explores the understanding of the dynamic behavior of composites under low-temperature icy conditions.