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Journal articles on the topic 'Fiber optics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Mulyanto, Imam. "Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor." Journal of Technomaterials Physics 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5540.

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The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

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2

Baumbick, R. J. "Fiber Optics for Propulsion Control Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239822.

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The term “fiber optics” means the use of dielectric waveguides to transfer information. In aircraft systems with digital controls, fiber optics has advantages over wire systems because of its inherent immunity to electromagnetic noise (EMI) and electromagnetic pulses (EMP). It also offers a weight benefit when metallic conductors are replaced by optical fibers. To take full advantage of the benefits of optical waveguides, passive optical sensors are also being developed to eliminate the need for electrical power to the sensor. Fiber optics may also be used for controlling actuators on engine and airframe. In this application, the optical fibers, connectors, etc., will be subjected to high temperatures and vibrations. This paper discusses the use of fiber optics in aircraft propulsion systems, together with the optical sensors and optically controlled actuators being developed to take full advantage of the benefits which fiber optics offers. The requirements for sensors and actuators in advanced propulsion systems are identified. The benefits of using fiber optics in place of conventional wire systems are discussed as well as the environmental conditions under which the optical components must operate. Work being done under contract to NASA Lewis on optical and optically activated actuators sensors for propulsion control systems is presented.

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3

Yanuary, Tio Hanif, and Lita Lidyawati. "Analisis Link Budget Penyambungan Serat Optik Menggunakan Optical Time Domain Reflectometer AQ7275." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i1.13996.

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An optical fiber is a high-speed telecommunication transmission medium. Principally, an optical fiber is made of a very fine glass fiber material, which is able to transmit light waves using light reflection method on the surface of the fiber optics core. An underground installation of the fiber optics makes this device robust from external interferences. However, the fiber optic cable performance should always be checked to maintain performance during data transmission process. One way to test fiber optics cable performance is by using an Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) device. This device sends a light wave from one point of the fiber optics cable. The light wave then returns when reaching the other point of the fiber optic cable while carrying some measurement parameters especially the physical length and attenuation of a fiber optic cable. The evaluation of the fiber optics cable performance requires the preparation, installation, and configuration of the OTDR. In this paper, we conducted evaluation on the performances of fiber optics cable. The data generated by the performed evaluation indicated an occurring attenuation on the fiber optics cable along 64.402 km of its lengths.

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4

HOTATE, Kazuo. "Special Issue on Fiber-Optics. Fiber Optic Gyros." Review of Laser Engineering 22, no. 4 (1994): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.22.253.

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5

Simara Azizova, Simara Azizova. "FIBER OPTIC SENSORS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 23, no. 02 (April 19, 2023): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc23022023-94.

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In addition to the benefits, recent developments and cost reductions have sparked interest in fiber optical sensing. In order fiber optic sensors must be made, researchers integrated optoelectronic devices with fiber optic telecommunications' byproducts. In the past few decades, numerous studies using various research methods and fiber optic sensors have been carried out. The most popular sensor types for fiber optics are those based on intensity, phase, and wavelength. An overview of optic sensors and their uses is provided in this paper. Keywords: Fiber optics, smart systems, interferometry, microbending, and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs)

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6

DiGiovanni, David J., Ming-Jun Li, and Alan E. Willner. "Fiber optic nanotechnology: a new frontier of fiber optics." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0053.

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7

Mohammed, Salim Qadir, and Asaad M. Asaad M. Al-Hindawi. "Study of Optical Fiber Design Parameters in Fiber Optics Communications." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.52.

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Fiber optics is an important part in the telecommunication infrastructure. Large bandwidth and low attenuation are features for the fiber optics to provide gigabit transmission. Nowadays, fiber optics are used widely in long distance communication and networking to provide the required information traffic for multimedia applications. In this paper, the optical fiber structure and the operation mechanism for multimode and single modes are analyzed. The design parameters such as core radius, numerical aperture, attenuation, dispersion and information capacity for step index and graded index fibers are studied, calculated and compared for different light sources.

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8

Krivenko, Yu E., and E. I. Andreeva. "Traffic interception in fiber optical video-systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012150.

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Abstract In fiber-optic video systems, as well as in optical communication systems, standard single mode optical fibers (SSMF, standard G.652) are usually used. One of the advantages of these fibers is the ability to use CWDM in a wide spectrum. At the same time, more optimal near the wave-length of 1550 nm are provided by non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDSF, standard G.655) fibers. However, as studies have shown, these optical fibers have an increased sensitivity to bending. This fact can be used to traffic interception. It is shown that fiber-optics systems with SSMF have more protection from traffic interception than systems with NZDSF. To transmit a high-confidentiality video signal, special techniques, such as frequency modulation, can be used, or additional noise signals can be added.

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9

S. Kavitha. "An Overview of Free Space Optics Communication System." December 2022 4, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.4.001.

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Free space optics is a kind of broadband communication technique that transmits the signals, in the atmosphere through laser beams. In some cases, the laser beams are replaced with infrared and modified beams. Free Space Optics (FSO) is also referred as Free Space Photonics that works same as the principle of fiber optic communication where the source beams are transferred through air medium. In the traditional fiber optic communication, the optical fibers were used for transferring the beam signals. The FSO methodology is widely employed in various ubiquitous applications for their cost and deployment effectiveness. The motive of the work is to explore the concepts and theories behind the operation of different FSO models with their recent progress.

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10

Lee, Seunghun, Hyerin Song, Heesang Ahn, Seungchul Kim, Jong-ryul Choi, and Kyujung Kim. "Fiber-Optic Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Nanomaterials." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030819.

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Applying fiber-optics on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors is aimed at practical usability over conventional SPR sensors. Recently, field localization techniques using nanostructures or nanoparticles have been investigated on optical fibers for further sensitivity enhancement and significant target selectivity. In this review article, we explored varied recent research approaches of fiber-optics based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors. The article contains interesting experimental results using fiber-optic LSPR sensors for three different application categories: (1) chemical reactions measurements, (2) physical properties measurements, and (3) biological events monitoring. In addition, novel techniques which can create synergy combined with fiber-optic LSPR sensors were introduced. The review article suggests fiber-optic LSPR sensors have lots of potential for measurements of varied targets with high sensitivity. Moreover, the previous results show that the sensitivity enhancements which can be applied with creative varied plasmonic nanomaterials make it possible to detect minute changes including quick chemical reactions and tiny molecular activities.

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11

Jihad, Noor J., and Murooj A. Abd Almuhsan. "Future trends in optical wireless communications systems: Review." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 13 (September 15, 2023): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v13i.9474.

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Optical fibers are frequently used in data transmission systems, Because of their ability to transmit large amounts of information and dielectric nature. In central, metropolitan, or broad-area applications, network topologies incorporating many wavelengths per optical fiber are utilized to connect thousands of users with a wide variety of transmission rates and capacities. The simultaneous transmission of many wavelengths over a fiber with a nm range of 1300 to 1600 is a potent characteristic of an Optical communication network. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a method for combining various wavelengths onto a single fiber. The WDM concept, when combined with optical amplifiers, produces communication lines that enable quick communication between users across national borders. An overview of the difficulties with fiber-optic communication is provided in this paper. The areas that will be most important for the development of optical communications in the future are outlined in this study. Modern optical fibers and integrated optics were both developed in the dominion of optical machinery and parts. Optical fiber communication systems are widely used for high-speed data transmission over long distances. There are some specific details and examples of optical fiber communication systems such as Fiber Optic Cables, Light Sources, optical modulator, optical amplifier, optical receivers, fiber optical network, medical applications.

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12

Willebrand, H. A., and B. S. Ghuman. "Fiber optics without fiber." IEEE Spectrum 38, no. 8 (August 2001): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.938713.

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13

Moreno, Yarien, Zhijun Yan, Noriel Correa, Gustavo Díaz, Marciano Santamaría, Eduardo Castillo, and Alvaro Guerra Him. "OPTICAL FIBER-BASED SENSORS AND THEIR RECENT APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING." Scientia 32, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.scientia.v32n2.a3130.

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This paper presents a review of fiber optic-based sensors and their main characteristics and classification. In the same way, the paper includes a series of applications of sensors based on fiber optics with Bragg gratings in different fields of study in research such as medicine, civil engineering, communications engineering, chemistry, and biochemistry, among others. Such sensors are developed taking advantage of certain characteristics of optical fibers, such as photosensitivity and the variation of the refractive index of their core. Applications of fiber optics in the detection of telecommunications signals are also discussed, particularly as a filter device through the usage of Bragg gratings. Due to its versatility, these optical devices have provided promising results and have become a leading technology in next generation DWDM systems, as well as in optical sensing networks.

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14

Lowry, S., T. May, A. Bornstein, Y. Weissman, R. Harman, and I. Tugenthaft. "New Accessory for Characterizing Optical Fibers with an FT-IR Spectrometer." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 7 (July 1994): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944030017.

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An accessory has been designed for FT-IR spectroscopy that can be used to measure the optical properties of fiber-optic cables or serve as an interface for remote sensing probes that use fiber optics. This accessory utilizes compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) to focus the energy from the spectrometer into the optical fiber and to also refocus the energy returning to the spectrometer onto the detector. The design was optimized for the high acceptance angle of chalcogenide mid-IR fibers. However, the use of nonimaging concentrators yields an all-reflecting system that can be used to characterize fibers with different spectral transmission ranges. This accessory has been used to investigate the spectral response, cladding effects, and impurities in various optical fibers.

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15

Wu, Xiaoqin, and Limin Tong. "Optical microfibers and nanofibers." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 407–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0033.

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AbstractAs a combination of fiber optics and nanotechnology, optical microfibers and nanofibers (MNFs) have been emerging as a novel platform for exploring fiber-optic technology on the micro/nanoscale. Typically, MNFs taper drawn from glass optical fibers or bulk glasses show excellent surface smoothness, high homogeneity in diameter and integrity, which bestows these tiny optical fibers with low waveguiding losses and outstanding mechanical properties. Benefitting from their wavelength- or sub-wavelength-scale transverse dimensions, waveguiding MNFs exhibit a number of interesting properties, including tight optical confinement, strong evanescent fields, evident surface field enhancement and large and abnormal waveguide dispersion, which makes them ideal nanowaveguides for coherently manipulating light, and connecting fiber optics with near-field optics, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, quantum optics and optomechanics on the wavelength- or sub-wavelength scale. Based on optical MNFs, a variety of technological applications, ranging from passive micro-couplers and resonators, to active devices such as lasers and optical sensors, have been reported in recent years. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date introduction to the fabrication, characterization and applications of optical MNFs, with emphasis on recent progress in our research group. Starting from a brief introduction of fabrication techniques for physical drawing glass MNFs in Section 2, we summarize MNF optics including waveguiding modes, evanescent coupling, and bending loss of MNFs in Section 3. In Section 4, starting from a “MNF tree” that summarizes the applications of MNFs into 5 categories (waveguide & near field optics, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, quantum & atom optics, optomechanics), we go to details of typical technological applications of MNFs, including optical couplers, interferometers, gratings, resonators, lasers and sensors. Finally in Section 5 we present a brief summary of optical MNFs regarding their current challenges and future opportunities.

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16

Hilker, Emerson. "Fiber Optics." Science & Technology Libraries 7, no. 3 (March 4, 1987): 95–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v07n03_10.

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17

Truett, Brandon, Zoe Hughes, Andrew Bearnot, Bill Brown, Jacob Harris, A. P. Pettinelli, Matthew Beeber, and Harrington Weihl. "Fiber Optics." Grey Room 77 (October 2019): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/grey_a_00282.

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18

Riishede, Jesper, Jesper Lægsgaard, Jes Broeng, Anders Bjarklev, Fei Lu, Wayne H. Knox, T. Sørensen, et al. "Fiber Optics." Optics and Photonics News 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.15.12.000026.

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19

Blow, K. "Fiber Optics." Journal of Modern Optics 36, no. 3 (March 1989): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500348914550491.

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20

Glass, Alastair M. "Fiber Optics." Physics Today 46, no. 10 (October 1993): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881381.

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21

OKAMOTO, Kazuhiro. "Special Issue on Fiber-Optics. Fiber-Optic Distributed-Temperature Sensing." Review of Laser Engineering 22, no. 4 (1994): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.22.276.

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22

Arif, Noor Azie Azura Mohd, Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin, and Abang Annuar Ehsan. "2D Propagation Simulation of Variation Parameters of U-shape Fiber Optic." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2082.1210220.

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Fiber optic has extraordinary properties and is suitable in sensor applications due to its special potential. Currently, macro bending characteristics of newly developed hetero core fiber optic element are designed and evaluated. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the numerical simulation analysis of the bending sensitivity of U-shape fiber optics toward the 2D electromagnetic wave in terms of mesh, curvature radius, core fiber size, and turn number. Fiber optics with core sizes of 4, 9, 50, and 62.5 μm were designed. In addition, the combination of core diameters 50-4-50, 50-9-50, 62.5-4-62.5, and 62.5-9-62.5 μm is evaluated to compare the outcome of transmission power in terms of hetero core structure of fiber optic. Simulation is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. The developed U-shape fiber optic is designed to sense the distortion of reducing power transmission by comparing input and output power. Results show that the selected mesh depends on the size of geometry bending fiber optics, and fine and finer mesh is the best for U-shape fiber optic. Furthermore, the power flow on the fiber decreases with the decreasing curvature radius and increasing turn number. The fiber with a core size combination of 62.5–4–62.5 um has high sensitivity in terms of loss. The attained results possess higher potential in the field of sensor applications, such as displacement, strain, pressure, and monitoring respiration, on human body. This study serves as a basis for further investigation of nanomaterial coating on fiber optics, thereby enhancing its credibility for sensing.

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23

Luo, Ying-Jie, Shao-Yi Wu, Qin-Sheng Zhu, Xiao-Yu Li, Yong-Xin Li, and De-Shuang Zhao. "Theoretical research of the medical U-type optical fiber sensor covered by the gold nanoparticles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 76, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2020-0218.

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Abstract Previous studies of the gold-nanoparticles-covered U-type medical optical fiber sensor with millimeter size were mainly confined to the experimental aspect, while the corresponding theoretical studies were only for bare fibers based on geometrical optics or those for micron level photonic crystal fibers based on wave optics. Combining wave and geometrical optics, the gold-nanoparticles-covered U-type optical fiber sensor was simulated with millimeter size. The localized surface plasmon resonance absorption peak near 540 nm is obtained in the simulation, very close to that (≈560 nm) of the experimental value for the gold nanoparticles of 37 nm size. Compared with the refractive index (RI) sensitivity (≈7.10/RIU) for the plain, U-type optical fiber (≈43.50/RIU) exhibits more than 610% enhancement in the gold-nanoparticles-covered sample. Present studies would be helpful to the further simulation and design for various noble metal nanoparticles covered optical fiber sensors with different shapes.

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24

Mohd Arif, Noor Azie Azura, Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin, and Abang Annuar Ehsan. "Sensitivity Enhancement of Heterocore Macrobend Fiber Optics by Adding a ZnO Film." International Journal of Optics 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511342.

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Optical fibers with high sensitivity are in demand due to their great potential in sensor application. Semiconductors, such as ZnO, are good materials. Using them as a second cladding offers opportunities in realizing next-generation multimaterial fiber optics. COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate heterocore macrobend fiber optics with the same curvature radius but different values of refractive index and thickness of ZnO films. The optimum thickness of ZnO films is identified by determining the loss of optical fibers. Macrobend heterocore fiber optics by adding ZnO thin film has been established by simulating and interpreting the relationship in terms of transmission and refractive index in the evanescent field. These results will provide a reliable fundamental to guide the performance in practice.

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25

Suhir, Ephraim. "Fiber optics engineering: Physical design for reliability." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 2 (2014): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1402153s.

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The review part of the paper addresses analytical modeling in fiber optics engineering. Attributes and significance of predictive modeling are indicated and discussed. The review is based mostly on the author?s research conducted at Bell Laboratories, Physical Sciences and Engineering Research Division, Murray Hill, NJ, USA, during his tenure with Bell Labs for about twenty years, and, to a lesser extent, on his recent work in the field. The addressed topics include, but are not limited to, the following major fields: bare fibers; jacketed and dual-coated fibers; coated fibers experiencing thermal and/or mechanical loading; fibers soldered into ferrules or adhesively bonded into capillaries; roles of geometric and material non-linearity; dynamic response to shocks and vibrations; as well as possible applications of nano-materials in new generations of coating and cladding systems. The extension part is concerned with a new, fruitful and challenging direction in optical engineering- probabilistic design for reliability (PDfR) of opto-electronic and photonic systems, including fiber optics engineering. The rationale behind the PDfR concept is that the difference between a highly reliable optical fiber system and an insufficiently reliable one is ?merely? in the level of the never-zero probability of failure. It is the author?s belief that when the operational reliability of an optical fiber system and product is imperative, the ability to predict, quantify, assure and, if possible and appropriate, even specify this reliability is highly desirable.

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26

Michael Angel, S., H. Trey Skinner, and Brian J. Marquardt. "Imaging Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011119.

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Optical fiber probes are routinely used with optical spectrometers to allow measurements to be made on remotely located samples. In most of these systems, however, the optical fibers are used as non-imaging “light pipes” for the transmission of laser light, and luminescence or Raman signals to and from the sample. Thus, while these systems are suitable for remote spectroscopy, they are limited to single-point measurements. In a recent paper, we showed that a small-diameter (i.e., 350 μm) coherent optical fiber bundle can be combined with an AOTF-based imaging spectrometer for fluorescence and Raman spectral micro-imaging with increased flexibility in terms of sample positioning and in-situ capabilities. The previous paper described the operation of the fiber-optic microimaging probe and AOTF imaging system and showed preliminary Raman and fluorescence images for model compounds with 4 μm resolution. We have extended this work to include a discussion of the lateral and vertical spatial resolution of the fiber-optic microprobe in a non-contact proximity-focused configuration.

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27

Sekulic, Rade, Nikola Slavkovic, Milesa Sreckovic, Milojko Kovacevic, and Miljan Stamenovic. "The influence of gamma radiation on polarization mode dispersion of fibers applied in communications." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 27, no. 2 (2012): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1202171s.

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The fiber optics technology is constantly being developed, and is becoming an essential component of contemporary communications, medicine and industry. Fibers, their connections and system components play a major role in optical signal transmission, telecommunications, power transmission, and sensing processes using fiber technology. The two main light propagation characteristics of an optical fiber are attenuation and dispersion. The possibility of controling these parameters is of utmost importance for obtaining the requested transmission quality. This paper reports on an investigation to determine the influence of gamma radiation of 60Co on the variation of optical fiber propagation parameters, such as polarization mode dispersion. In addition, it also considers chosen topics in the field of fiber optics technology.

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Comparison of Several Characteristics of Single Mode Step-Index (SMSI), Multimode Step-Index (MMSI), and Multimode Graded-Index (MMGI) Fibers for Optical Communication Systems." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39284.

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Abstract: Optical fiber is a medium that made by silica or plastic, and widely used in transmitting information over longer distance especially in communication system. There are three types of fiber optic used in this project which are single mode stepindex (SMSI), multimode step-index (MMSI), and multimode graded-index (MMGI) in optical communication system. There are three objectives in this project in order to get the suitable optical fibers in the communication system. First objective is to simulate the result by using Excel and Origin software. The data and the formula of fiber optics will be key in through Excel software while the graph will be analyzed by using Origin software. The second objective is to compare the different types of fiber optics in communication system by comparing the several of their characteristics such as numerical aperture (NA), acceptance angle (θ(a)) and propagation constant (β). The performance of all types fiber optics are analyzed from the result using the standard communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The core diameter for SMSI, MMSI, and MMGI are 9, 200 and 50 μm respectively while the cladding diameter for SMSI and MMGI is 125 μm and 240 μm for MMSI. This diameter also been analyzed by using the standard value for optical communication system. Then, the comparison between SMSI, MMSI and MMGI will be made to choose the more suitable for optical communication system based on their characteristics. From the results, MMSI and MMGI give best performance compared to SMSI. After that, the third objective is to make the comparison between MMSI and MMGI in term of intermodal dispersion to compare the efficiencies of fiber optics. MMGI give the better result in terms of efficiencies for communication system compared to MMSI. Keyword: Single Mode Step-Index (SMSI), Multimode Step-Index (MMSI), Multimode Graded-Index (MMGI), Communication System, Excel and Origin Software

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29

Pustelny, Tadeusz Piotr. "Electroluminescent optical fiber sensor for detection of a high intensity electric field." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.980.

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On-line testing of high power electromagnetic devices is one of the most important problems of modern industrial metrology. In the paper, the results of experimental investigations of the electric field optical fiber sensor based on the electroluminescent phenomena are presented. The electro¬luminescent effect is observed in some composite semicon¬ductors, among others in zinc sulfide ZnS crystals. In our investigations, the used ZnS crystal was doped with copper Cu atoms as activators. The concentration of activator in the ZnS crystal was about 5.10-4 [g/g]. According to plans of investi¬gations of the elaborated electroluminescent sensor, the spectral properties as well as the intensity of light emission in sinusoidal alternating electric field were tested.Full Text: PDF References:K.T.V. Grattan, Fiber Optic Fluorescence Thermometry, Chapman and Hall, London, 1996 [CrossRef]K. Kyuma, S. Tai, T. Sawada, "Fiber-optic instrument for temperature measurement", J. Quntum. Electronics, 73(3), 1997 [CrossRef]A. Brief, J. Chem. Educ., 88(6), 731 (2011). [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, B. Pustelny, "Investigation of electroluminophores for their practical application in optical fibre sensor technology", Opto-Electronics Rev.,10(3), 193 (2002). [CrossRef]A.Wrzesinska, Photo- and electroluminophore, Wroclaw, PWN Press, 1988, (in polish) [DirectLink]K.A. Franz, W.G. Kehr, "Luminescent Materials", Ullmans Encyclopedie of Industral Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Veinhen, 2008 [CrossRef]A.G. Milnes, Deep Impurities In Semiconductors, A Willey-Interscience Publication, Toronto, 1993 [DirectLink]M. Aven, J.S. Prener, Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Compounds, North-Holland Publishing Company - Amsterdam, 1993 [DirectLink]P.K. Cheo, Fiber Optics Devices and Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1985 [CrossRef]D. Randall, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence, Grown, Oxford, 2007. [CrossRef]M. Koen, Photoconductivity of Semiconductors, Edited by Parks, New York, 1996 [CrossRef]K.R. Murphy, C.A. Stedmon, Annal. Methods, 6(3), 658, (2014) [CrossRef]T. Pustelny, K. Barczak, K. Gut, J. Wojcik, "Special optical fiber type D applied in optical sensor of electric currents", Optica Applicata, 34(4), 531 (2004). [DirectLink]K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, D. Dorosz, J. Dorosz, "Polarization maintaining fibers for application in magnetic field measurements", Europ. Phys. Journal: S.T., 154, 11, (2008) [CrossRef]

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30

Igumenov A. Yu., Melnikov I. V., Afanasiev A. A., Popova S. S., Lukinykh S. N., and Tambasov I. A. "Reflectometric temperature measurement using a single-mode-multimode-single-mode" fiber optic structure." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 9 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.09.55074.19267.

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It is shown the "single-mode-multimode-single-mode" structure allows carrying out remote temperature measurement with optical time domain reflectometer. A multimode fiber length was 10 mm. We used the temperature range from 30 to 70oC and wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. The total length of a single-mode fiber-optic line for reflectometric measurements was 20 km. Keywords: fiber optics, fiber optic sensors, optical fiber reflectometry, multimode interference.

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31

Chandel, Satish Kumar. "Fiber Optics Communication." International Journal of Technology 6, no. 2 (2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-3915.2016.00022.5.

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Vysloukh, V. A. "Nonlinear fiber optics." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 160, no. 5 (1990): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0160.199005k.0151.

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Siegman, A. E. "Fiber Fourier optics." Optics Letters 26, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.26.001215.

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Vysloukh, Victor A. "Nonlinear fiber optics." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 33, no. 5 (May 31, 1990): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1990v033n05abeh002596.

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35

Gough, N. R. "Glial Fiber Optics." Science's STKE 2007, no. 387 (May 15, 2007): tw175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.3872007tw175.

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Cook, Lee M. "Fractal fiber optics." Applied Optics 30, no. 36 (December 20, 1991): 5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.005220.

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Dianov, Evgenii M., P. V. Mamyshev, and A. M. Prokhorov. "Nonlinear fiber optics." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, no. 1 (January 31, 1988): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n01abeh010192.

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Takahara, H., F. Togashi, and T. Aragaki. "Ultrasonic sensor using polarization-maintaining optical fiber." Canadian Journal of Physics 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 844–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p88-138.

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The interaction between an ultrasonic wave and the laser beam transmitted through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. An ultrasonic sensor using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is optically simple; it is easily matched to the source and detection optics; and it has better stability than an optical configuration using two optical fibers.

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Stellinga, Daan, David B. Phillips, Simon Peter Mekhail, Adam Selyem, Sergey Turtaev, Tomáš Čižmár, and Miles J. Padgett. "Time-of-flight 3D imaging through multimode optical fibers." Science 374, no. 6573 (December 10, 2021): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl3771.

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A view through a fiber Reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) image of a scene typically involves sending out pulses of light and timing their return. For endoscope applications in bioimaging or imaging inside difficult-to-reach places inside machines, the typical approach using bulk optics may not be viable. Stellinga et al . found that 3D imaging can be achieved using multimode optic fibers. After characterizing the transmission matrix of the fiber, optical pulses can be used to reconstruct 3D images of a number of scenes. Because this approach can use fibers the width of a human hair, the results are promising for miniaturized and minimally invasive 3D endoscopic imaging applications. —ISO

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TANAKA, Satoshi. "Special Issue on Fiber-Optics. Fiber-Optic Sensors Free from Environmental Disturvances." Review of Laser Engineering 22, no. 4 (1994): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.22.245.

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Purnomo, R. D., A. B. Pantjawati, L. Hasanah, R. E. Pawinanto, G. Sugandi, and B. Mulyanti. "Evanescent fiber optic sensors using single mode fiber optics to measure acidity." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 830 (May 19, 2020): 032037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/830/3/032037.

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Leong, Amanda, Steven Derek Rountree, and Jinsuo Zhang. "Corrosion of Silica-Based Optical Fibers in Various Environments." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2023): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd4030023.

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This research article explores the potential of optical fibers as sensors, highlighting their ability to measure various parameters such as temperature, pressure, stress, and radiation dose. The study focuses on investigating the material compatibility of optical fibers in challenging sensing environments like Gen II/II+ and advance nuclear reactors, as well as concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. Material compatibility tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of using fluorine and germanium optical fiber sensors in these environments. The study found that raw fibers were corrosion-resistant to lead bismuth eutectic at 600 °C, regardless of the coating. In molten salt environments, raw fibers were incompatible with FLiNaK but showed corrosion resistance to MgCl₂-NaCl-KCl. However, the survivability of raw fiber optics improved with a gold coating in FLiNaK. Raw fiber optics were found to be incompatible in high-temperature steam at 1200 °C and in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) at 300 °C.

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Murphy, P. J., D. W. Jones, A. E. Lennert, and R. R. Jones. "Fiber Optics Based Jet Engine Augmenter Viewing System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240252.

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An augmenter viewing system employing a coherent fiber-optic array was developed for use in jet engine testing applications at AEDC. Real-time viewing of the test article afterburner was obtained in a severe environment under high temperature and vibration levels. The optical system consisted of a conventional front-end lens assembly coupled with the fiber-optic array, and a solid-state color video camera mounted inside the test cell. The advantages and problems associated with a fiber-optics-based viewing system will be discussed in comparison with more conventional viewing techniques for this application.

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "A Brief Introduction to Fiber Optic Sensors and their Types with Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54823.

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Abstract: Materials measurement and environmental assessment have traditionally employed optical measurement techniques like polarimetry, spectrometry, and interferometry. The application of these fundamental ideas is made even more flexible by the optical fibre. For more than 30 years, fiber-optic technology has achieved significant advances in measurement science.While by no means thorough, this study’s perspective on these contributions illustrates the significant conceptual advancements made in the early years of optical fibre technology and the range of applications that have arisen. Applying guided-wave optics to novel and difficult measurement requirements, such as microsystems characterization, cellular biology, and art restoration, presents clear prospects for further extensive study.

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Mohd Arif, Noor Azie Azura, Sahbudin Shaari, and Abang Annuar Ehsan. "Intensity Loss of ZnO Coated on Fiber Optic." Journal of Nanomaterials 2023 (February 13, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9645272.

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Macrobends are optical fiber structures suitable for detecting motion changes. This structure has been developed using single-mode fibers and a combination of single-mode and multimode fibers called hetero-core. In this study, a new macrobending structure was designed and developed by adding a nano-ZnO element to the fiber optic core based on Revolution 4.0. The addition of nanomaterial elements involves an etching process that uses harmful chemicals or high-cost laser technology. Therefore, hetero-core was applied in this study to replace the etching process. The ZnO-coated fiber optics with 10 (ZnO1), 20 (ZnO2), and 30 (ZnO3) times of dip coating were developed using the dip-coating method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Sensitivity measurement was conducted with glued optical fiber in the form of bending using a tape with a bending dimension of 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm and a wavelength of 1,550 nm. Morphological characterization using SEM proves that nanoparticles are attached to the optical fiber, and the EDX characterization confirms that the nanoparticles are ZnO elements. Optical fiber sensor sensitivity using core sizes 9, 50–9–50, 50–9–50 (ZnO1), 50–9–50 (ZnO2), and 50–9–50 (ZnO3) achieved sensitivity values of 0.91, 1.61, 2.98, 3.34, and 3.51, respectively. This study successfully produced ZnO-coated optical fiber sensors with a hetero-core structure without performing the etching process and successfully increased the sensitivity of the sensors.

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Calheiros, Luciano da Fonseca, and Tiago Lopes Aguiar. "FIBER OPTIC IN COMPUTER NETWORKS." RINTERPAP - Revista Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Aplicadas 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47682/2675-6552.a2023v1n1p95-101.

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The connection of networks by fiber optics came to revolutionize communications, especially internet connectivity, providing more security, since the data encapsulated in fiberglass is not easy to be manipulated by humans without highly specialized machines and by having no interference in the signal within the fiberglass ensures high connection availability. This study aims to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optics compared to the metal mesh, which although more common is susceptible to external interference. The study was carried out with field research carried out in some companies in Porto Velho - Rondônia that migrated their connectivity with the internet, starting to use optical fiber It also has bibliographic research, especially those that point to a trend in the use of fibers in business activities. The research aims to show an overview of how managers perceive the advantages and disadvantages of deploying fiber optics at the expense of metal mesh and under what circumstances.

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Guo, Yiyong, Bing Han, Junting Du, Shanshan Cao, Hua Gao, Ning An, Yiwei Li, et al. "Kilometers Long Graphene-Coated Optical Fibers for Fast Thermal Sensing." Research 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/5612850.

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The combination of optical fiber with graphene has greatly expanded the application regimes of fiber optics, from dynamic optical control and ultrafast pulse generation to high precision sensing. However, limited by fabrication, previous graphene-fiber samples are typically limited in the micrometer to centimeter scale, which cannot take the inherent advantage of optical fibers—long-distance optical transmission. Here, we demonstrate kilometers long graphene-coated optical fiber (GCF) based on industrial graphene nanosheets and coating technique. The GCF shows unusually high thermal diffusivity of 24.99 mm2 s-1 in the axial direction, measured by a thermal imager directly. This enables rapid thermooptical response both in optical fiber Bragg grating sensors at one point (18-fold faster than conventional fiber) and in long-distance distributed fiber sensing systems based on backward Rayleigh scattering in optical fiber (15-fold faster than conventional fiber). This work realizes the industrial-level graphene-fiber production and provides a novel platform for two-dimensional material-based optical fiber sensing applications.

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Knight, Jonathan, Tim Birks, Brian Mangan, and Philip St. James Russell. "Photonic Crystal Fibers: New Solutions in Fiber Optics." Optics and Photonics News 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.13.3.000026.

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Sadiku, M. N. O., S. M. Musa, and Sudarshan R. Nelatury. "Free Space Optical Communications: An Overview." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 9 (March 30, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n9p55.

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Bridging the so-called “last mile” in communication networks has revived keen interest in free-Space Optics (FSO), also known as fiber-free or fiberless optics, which is a technology that transports data via laser technology. It is a line-of-sight technology that currently enables optical transmission up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice and video through the air at long distances (4km), allowing optical connectivity without deploying fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. It is moving closer to being a realistic alternative to laying fiber in access networks. This paper presents an introduction to FSO and the current state of its technology.

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Ali, Riyam Saadi, Ali Y. Fattah, and Mustafa D. Hassib. "The effects of optical fiber impairments on communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp241-253.

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In this paper, the influence of physical layer impairments on fiber optic channels was evaluated using analytical modeling, and the findings were verified through simulation results. Light propagation inside standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is affected by both linear and nonlinear effects, which must be taken into account in order to develop an appropriate fiber channel model. The use of nonlinear fiber optics in the implementation of highcapacity optical networks is crucial. The "Optisystem 17.0" software package was used to simulate the suggested systems. It can be observed that increased input power tends to increase the effect of cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four wave mixing (FWM) in the nonlinear dispersive fibers. The impact of pulse broadening due to chromatic dispersion (CD), self-phase modulation (SPM), and cross-phase modulation (XPM) was investigated using Gaussian pulses as input signals.

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