Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fiber element method'
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Rezak, Sheila. "Analysis of flexible fiber suspensions using the Lattice Boltzmann method." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24798.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Co-Chair: Aidun, K. Cyrus; Committee Co-Chair: Ghiaasiaan, Mostafa; Committee Member: Deng, Yulin; Committee Member: Empie, Jeff; Committee Member: Patterson, Tim.
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Caselman, Elijah. "Elastic property prediction of short fiber composites using a uniform mesh finite element method." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5036.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 19, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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FERREIRA, CRISTIANE ARANTES. "STUDY OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF FIBER REINFORCED SOIL THROUGH DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33093@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Um grande número de novos materiais geotécnicos foi desenvolvido baseado na adição de materiais fibrosos, sendo incorporados como elementos de reforço. A técnica de solo reforçado pode ser representada pela produção e aplicação, não somente de fibra natural, mas também de fibras sintéticas e poliméricas. Estudos anteriores de solos reforçados com fibras de polipropileno têm mostrado melhora significativa das propriedades mecânicas dos solos, tais como o aumento da resistência de pico e resistência pós-pico, ductilidade e tenacidade. Estes resultados mostram um grande potencial deste tipo de fibra, quando utilizado como reforço de solos, por exemplo, em base de fundações superficiais, aterros sobre solos moles e liners de cobertura de aterros sanitários. A partir de ajustes matemáticos para determinar a interação entre solos granulares e observações do comportamento global em macro-escala tornou possível analisar o comportamento de solos granulares reforçados com fibras de uma forma micro-mecânica. A modelagem numérica do comportamento mecânico de solos reforçados com fibras de polipropileno, através de uma análise micro-mecânica, utiliza como ferramenta o Método dos Elementos Discretos (MED), que permite a representação do solo em 2D, a partir de um conjunto de partículas de elementos discretos circulares. O MED descarta a visão clássica do solo como uma forma contínua, proporcionando a possibilidade de modelá-lo como partículas constituintes. Sua formulação baseia-se no equilíbrio de forças e de deslocamentos gerados pelos contatos, os quais são descritos através das leis da física clássica, permitindo o mapeamento dos movimentos de cada partícula. A vantagem da micro-mecânica é a possibilidade de explicitar microestruturas, tais como fibras de polipropileno, responsáveis pela mudança no comportamento do solo. Com base no estudo deste fenômeno, causado pela inserção de fibras de polipropileno em materiais granulares, formulações matemáticas foram propostas com a finalidade de descrever o comportamento de solos reforçados através da implementação do código de elementos discretos (DEMlib). Após a calibração e validação do programa, a influência decorrente da inserção do reforço de fibra ao solo foi analisada, sendo realizadas simulações de ensaios biaxiais em amostras discretas de areia, com e sem o reforço fibroso. O comportamento micro-mecânico de misturas reforçadas permitiu avaliar os efeitos das mudanças no teor de fibras presente na matriz de solo, bem como diferentes rigidezes das fibras. Conclui-se que o estudo realizado pelo Método dos Elementos Discretos identificou a real interação entre as partículas do solo e do reforço em forma de fibra, indicando que as fibras, quando inseridas no solo, podem sofrer deformações plásticas de tração e alongamento até atingir a ruptura, proporcionando a melhora nos parâmetros mecânicos do solo.
A large number of new geotechnical materials was developed based on the addition of fibrous materials being incorporated as reinforcement. The technique of reinforced soil can be represented by the production and application, not only natural fiber, but also synthetic fibers and polymer. Previous studies of soil reinforced with polypropylene fibers have shown significant improvement of mechanical properties of soils, such as increasing the resistance peak and postpeak strength, ductility and toughness. These results show a great potential for this type of fiber, when used as soil reinforcement, for example, based on shallow foundations, embankments over soft soils and liners for landfill cover. From mathematical adjustments to determine the interaction between granular soils and the observation of global macro-scale become possible to analyze the behavior of granular soils reinforced with fibers in a micro-mechanics. The numerical modeling of mechanical behavior of soil reinforced with polypropylene fibers, through a micro-mechanical analysis, the tool uses as the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which allows the representation of the soil in 2D, from a set of particles circular discrete elements. The MED rule out the classical view of soil as a continuous form, providing the ability to model it as a constituent particle. Its formulation is based on the balance of forces and displacements generated by the contacts, which are explained through the laws of classical physics, allowing the mapping of movements of each particle. The advantage of micro- mechanics is the possibility of explicit microstructures, such as polypropylene fibers, responsible for the change in the behavior of the soil. Based on the study of this phenomenon, caused by the insertion of polypropylene fibers in granular materials, mathematical formulations have been proposed in order to describe the behavior of reinforced soils through the implementation of the Code of discrete elements (DEMlib). After calibration and validation program, the influence due to the insertion of fiber reinforcement to the soil was analyzed, and simulations of biaxial tests on discrete samples of sand, with and without the fibrous reinforcement. The micro-mechanical behavior of blends reinforced allowed evaluating the effects of changes in fiber content present in the soil matrix and different rigidities of the fibers. We conclude that the study by the Discrete Element Method identified the actual interaction between the soil particles and the reinforcement in the form of fiber, indicating that the fibers, when inserted into the soil, may undergo plastic deformation and tensile elongation until the rupture, providing an improvement in mechanical parameters of soil.
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Boyapati, Siva Kumar. "Finite element analysis of low-profile FRP bridge deck (Prodec 4)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4945.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-147).
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Suraj, Suraj. "Finite-element modeling of a composite bridge deck." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4008.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 91 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86).
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Middleton, Joseph Ervin. "Elastic property prediction of long fiber composites using a uniform mesh finite element method." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5684.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Shao, Susan X. "Application of finite element analysis (FEA) to fiber-reinforced composite of recycled high density polyethelene /." View online, 1993. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998853201.pdf.
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Sugden, Frank Daniel. "A NOVEL DUAL MODELING METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING HUMAN NERVE FIBER ACTIVATION." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1318.
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Presented in this work is the investigation and successful illustration of a coupled model of the human nerve fiber. SPICE netlist code was utilized to describe the electrical properties of the human nervous membrane in tandem with COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software tool. The initial research concentrated on the utilization of the Hodgkin-Huxley electrical circuit representation of the nerve fiber membrane. Further development of the project identified the need for a linear circuit model that more closely resembled the McNeal linearization model augmented by the work of Szlavik which better facilitated the coupling of both SPICE and COMSOL programs. Related literature was investigated and applied to validate the model. This combination of analysis tools allowed for the presentation of a consistent model and revealed that a coupled model produced not only a qualitatively comparable, but also a quantitatively comparable result to studies presented in the literature. All potential profiles produced during the simulation were compared against the literature in order to meet the purpose of presenting an advanced computational model of human neural recruitment and excitation. It was demonstrated through this process that the correct usage of neuron models within a two dimensional conductive space did allow for the approximate modeling of human neural electrical characteristics.
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Broyles, Norman S. "Thermoplastic Sizings: Effects on Processing, Mechanical Performance, and Interphase Formation in Pultruded Carbon Fiber/Vinyl-Ester Composites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30283.
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Sizings, a thin polymer coating applied to the surface of the carbon fiber before impregnation with the matrix, have been shown to affect the mechanical performance of the composite. These sizings affect the processability of the carbon fiber that translates into a composite with less fiber breakage and improved fiber/matrix adhesion. In addition, the interdiffusion of the sizing and the bulk matrix results in the formation of an interphase. This interphase can alter damage initiation and propagation that can ultimately affect composite performance. The overall objective of the work detailed in this thesis is to ascertain the effects that thermoplastic sizing agents have on composite performance and determine the phenomenological events associated with the effects.
All of the thermoplastic sizings had improved processability over the traditional G' sizing. These improvements in processability translated into a composite with less fiber damage and improved surface quality. In addition, all of the thermoplastic sizings outperformed the industrial benchmark sizing G' by at least 25% in static tensile strength, 11% in longitudinal flexure strength, and 30% in short beam shear strength. All moduli were found to be unaffected by the addition of a sizing.
The interphase formed in K-90 PVP sized carbon fiber composites was fundamentally predicted from the constitutive properties of K-90 PVP/Derakane™ interdiffusion and fundamental mass transport equations. The K-90 PVP sizing material interdiffusing with the Derakane™ matrix was found to be dissolution controlled. The dissolution diffusion coefficient had an exponential concentration dependence. Fundamental mass transport models were utilized to predict the interphase profile. The predicted K-90 PVP interphase concentration profile displayed steep gradients at the fiber/matrix interface but essentially no gradients at points distant from the fiber surface. The predicted mechanical property profile was essentially flat for the modulus but did show a steep gradient in the strain-to-failure and shrinkage properties. However, the K-90 PVP interphase compared to the unsized/pure Derakane™ interphase showed improvements in strength and strain-to-failure and a reduction in cure shrinkage without significantly affecting the interphase tensile or shear moduli.Ph. D.
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Jeffers, Ann E. "A Fiber-Based Approach for Modeling Beam-Columns under Fire Loading." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38692.
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The work described herein emphasizes a new fiber-based approach to modeling the response of structural frames subjected to realistic fire conditions. The proposed approach involves the development and validation of two finite elements that can be used collectively to simulate the thermal and mechanical response of structural frames at elevated temperatures. To model the thermal response, a special-purpose fiber heat transfer element is introduced. The first of its kind, the fiber heat transfer element uses a combination of finite element and finite difference methods to provide an accurate and highly efficient solution to the three-dimensional thermal problem. To simulate the mechanical response, a flexibility-based fiber beam-column element is used. The element presented here extends the formulation of Taucer et al. (1991) to include thermal effects, geometric nonlinearities, and residual stresses.
Both fiber elements are implemented in ABAQUS (2007) using the user-defined element (UEL) subroutine. The element formulations are verified by analyses of benchmark experimental tests and comparisons with traditional finite elements. Results indicate that both elements offer superior accuracy and computational efficiency when compared to traditional methods of analysis. Analyses of structures subjected to non-uniform heating emphasize the advantages of the fiber-based approach.
To demonstrate a realistic application of the proposed approach, the work concludes with an investigation of the response of unprotected steel beams subjected to localized fires. Because realistic fires are considered, the treatment of strain reversal upon cooling is also addressed. The analyses are used to demonstrate that the standard fire test is generally unconservative at predicting the time at failure of a structure subjected to realistic fire conditions, since failure depends more on the evolution of temperatures within the steel beams than the duration of fire exposure. The analyses also show that critical temperatures from the standard fire test are conservative and thus offer a better means for predicting failure in steel structures within the scope of the standard fire test.Ph. D.
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Inci, Hasan. "Discrete Fiber Angle And Continuous Fiber Path Optimization In Composite Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614127/index.pdf.
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Fiber orientation angle stands out as one of the most effective design variables in the design optimization of composite structures. During the manufacturing of the composite structures, one can change the fiber orientation according to the specific design needs and constraints to optimize a pre-determined performance index. Fiber placement machines can place different width tows in curvilinear paths resulting in continuous change of the fiber orientation angle in a layer of the composite structure. By allowing the fibers to follow curvilinear paths in the composite structure, modification of load paths within the laminate can be obtained. Thus, more favorable stress distributions and improved laminate performance can be achieved. Such structures are called as variable stiffness composites structure. This thesis presents a fundamental study on the discrete fiber angle and continuous fiber path optimization of composite structures. In discrete fiber angle optimization, application of different analysis/optimization tools is demonstrated for optimum fiber angle optimization at the element level for both orthotropic and laminated composite structures. In the continuous fiber path optimization, which can be produced with fiber placement machines, optimized fiber paths are determined for different case studies. Continuous fiber path optimization is performed by means of an interface code that is developed. It is hard to find the global optimum for complex optimization problems with hundreds of design variables. In order to find the global optimum solution for such complex optimization problems, a gradient based optimization algorithm is not appropriate because there will be a lot of local minima for the problem and gradient based optimization algorithms may be stuck at the local minimums. Therefore, an evolutionary algorithm is a better solver for such kind of complex optimization problems. In this thesis, genetic algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm, in MATLAB Optimization Toolbox is used for the optimizer and commercial finite element program Nastran is used for the structural solver. For the continuous fiber path optimizations these two programs are integrated with the interface code that is developed. Manufacturing constraints of a typical fiber placement machine is also included in the constraint definition of continuous fiber path optimization. By coupling of Nastran finite element solver and MATLAB genetic algorithm tool, with the manufacturing constraint for the fiber placement machines, the first buckling load of a continuous fiber composite plate is increased %22 with respect to a composite plate with zero degree orientations.
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Eren, Hakan. "Micromechanical study of interface stress in a fiber-reinforced composite under transverse loading using boundary element method." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378969.
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Velez-Garcia, Gregorio Manuel. "Experimental Evaluation and Simulations of Fiber Orientation in Injection Molding of Polymers Containing Short Glass Fibers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27335.
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Injection molded short fiber reinforced composites have generated commercial interest in the manufacturing of lightweight parts used in semi-structural applications. Predicting these materials’ fiber orientation with quantitative accuracy is crucial for technological advancement, but the task is difficult because of the effect of inter-particle interactions at high concentrations of fiber found in parts of commercial interest.
A complete sample preparation procedure was developed to obtain optical micrographs with optimal definition of elliptical and non-elliptical footprint borders. Two novel aspects in this procedure were the use of tridimensional markers to identify specific locations for analysis and the use of controlled-etching to produce small shadows where fibers recede into the matrix. These images were used to measure fiber orientation with a customized image analysis tool. This tool contains several modifications that we introduced in the method of ellipses which allow us to determine tridimensional fiber orientation and to obtain measurements in regions with fast changes in orientation. The tool uses the location of the shadow to eliminate the ambiguity problem in orientation and characterizes non-elliptical footprints to obtain the orientation in small sampling areas.
Cavitywise measurements in two thin center-gated disks showed the existence of an asymmetric profile of orientation at the gate and an orientation profile that washed out gradually at the entry region until disappearing at about 32 gap widths. This data was used to assess the prediction of cavitywise orientation using a delay model for fiber orientation with model parameters obtained from rheometrical experiments. Model predictions combining slip correction and experimentally determined orientation at the gate are in agreement with experimental data for the core layers near the end-of-fill region.
Radialwise measurements of orientation at the shell, transition and core layer, and microtextural description of the advancing front are included in this dissertation. The analysis and assessment of the radial evolution of fiber orientation and advancing front based on comparing the experimental data with simulation results are under ongoing investigation.Ph. D.
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Rahman, Muhammad Ziaur. "Mechanical Performance of Natural / Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite Materials Using Finite Element Method Based Micromechanics and Experiments." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6482.
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A micromechanical analysis of the representative volume element (RVE) of a unidirectional flax/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composite is performed using finite element analysis (FEA). To do so, first effective mechanical properties of flax fiber and jute fiber are evaluated numerically and then used in evaluating the effective properties of ax/jute/epoxy hybrid composite. Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG), a new homogenization tool developed in Purdue University, is used to calculate the homogenized effective properties. Numerical results are compared with analytical solution based on rule of mixture, Halpin-Tsai as well as Tsai-Hahn equations. The effect of the volume fraction of the two different fibers is studied. Mechanical performance of hybrid composite is compared with the mechanical performance of single fiber composites. Synergistic effect due to hybridization is studied using analytical method given in literature, finite element method based MSG and Classical Lamination Theory (CLT). It is found that, when Poisson ratio is taken into consideration, elastic modulus shows synergy due to hybridization. Finally, impact properties of ax/jute/epoxy hybrid composite material are studied using Charpy impact testing.
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Günnel, Andreas, and Roland Herzog. "Optimal Control Problems in Finite-Strain Elasticity by Inner Pressure and Fiber Tension." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-209295.
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Optimal control problems for finite-strain elasticity are considered. An inner pressure or an inner fiber tension is acting as a driving force. Such internal forces are typical, for instance, for the motion of heliotropic plants, and for muscle tissue. Non-standard objective functions relevant for elasticity problems are introduced. Optimality conditions are derived on a formal basis, and a limited-memory quasi-Newton algorithm for their solution is formulated in function space. Numerical experiments confirm the expected mesh-independent performance.
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GABELMAN, ALAN. "MASS TRANSFER IN DENSE GAS EXTRACTION USING A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069799119.
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Masghouni, Nejib. "Hybrid Carbon Fiber/ZnO Nanowires Polymeric Composite for Stuctural and Energy Harvesting Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64354.
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Despite the many attractive features of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) composites, they are prone to failure due to delamination. The ability to tailor the fiber/matrix interface FRPs is crucial to the development of composite materials with enhanced structural performance. In this dissertation, ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown on the surface of carbon fibers utilizing low temperature hydrothermal synthesis technique prior to the hybrid composite fabrication. The scanning electron microscopy revealed that the ZnO nanowires were grown uniformly on the surface of the carbon fabric. The surface grown ZnO NWs functionally-graded the composite material properties and ensured effective load transfer across the interface. To assess the influence of the ZnO NWs growth, reference samples were also prepared by exposing the carbon fabric to the hydrothermal conditions. The damping properties of the hybrid ZnO NWs-CFRP composite were examined using the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique. The results showed enhanced energy dissipation within the hybrid composite. Quasi-static tensile testing revealed that the in-plane and out-of-plane strengths and moduli of the hybrid FRP composite were also boosted.
The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) measurements suggested the improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite to the enhanced adhesion between the ZnO nanowires and the other constituents (carbon fiber and epoxy). It was necessary thus, to utilize the molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to investigate the adhesion within the CFRP structure upon growing the ZnO nanowires on the surface of the carbon fibers. Molecular models of the carbon fibers, the epoxy matrix and the ZnO nanowires were built. The resulting molecular structures were minimized and placed within a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions. The MD simulations were performed using the force field COMPASS to account for the empirical energy interactions between the different toms in the simulation box. Proper statistical thermodynamics were employed to relate the dynamics of the molecular model to the macroscale thermodynamic states (pressure, temperature and volume). Per the computed potential energies of the different components of the composite, it was found that the polar surfaces in the ZnO structures facilitates good adhesion properties in the graphite-epoxy composite.
Besides the attractive mechanical properties of the ZnO nanowires, their piezoelectric and semiconductor properties were sought to design an energy harvesting device. To ensure sufficient charges collection from the mechanically stressed individual ZnO nanowires, a copper layer was sputtered on top of the ZnO nanowires which introduced also a Schottky effect. The mechanical excitation was provided by exposing the device to different vibration environment. The output voltage and currents were measured at the conditions (in terms of frequency and resistive load). It was demonstrated that the electrical output could be enhanced by stacking up similar devices in series or in parallel.
Finally, in an attempt to exploit the reversibility of the electromechanical coupling of the energy harvesting device, the constitutive properties of the hybrid ZnO nanowires-CFRP composite were estimated using the Mori-Tanaka approach. This approach was validated by a finite element model (FEM). The FEM simulations were performed on a representative volume element (RVE) to reduce the computational time. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the hybrid ZnO NWs-CFRP composite were better than those for the baseline CFRP composite with identical carbon fiber volume fraction (but with no ZnO NWs) which confirmed the experimental findings. Furthermore, the electro-elastic properties of the hybrid composite were determined by applying proper boundary conditions to the FE RVE.
The work outlined in this dissertation will enable significant advancement in the next generation of hybrid composites with improved structural and energy harvesting multifunctionalties.Ph. D.
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Saeidi, Farid. "Hygrothermal Fracture Analysis Of Fibrous Composites With Variable Fiber Spacing Using Jk-integral." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615370/index.pdf.
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In this study, a Jk-integral based computational method will be developed to conduct fracture analysis of fibrous composite laminates that possess variable fiber spacing. This study will be carried out for the fibrous composites exposed to not only thermal but also hygroscopic boundary condition, which results hygrothermal load. Formulation of the Jk-integral will be carried out by using the constitutive relations of plane orthotropic hygrothermoelasticity. One of the most important challenges of this study is to change Jk-integral formulation into domain independent form, because dealing with infinitely small domains in solving the integral would be frustrating. Developed form of Jk-integral will be merged to ANSYS, a finite element analysis software. Numerical results will be generated so as to assess the influence of variable fiber spacing on the modes I and II stress intensity factors, energy release rate, and the T-stress.
For validation and comparison, some of the results are also obtained using Displacement Correlation Technique (DCT).
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Mirzahassanagha, Zeinab, and Eva Malo. "Performance of reinforced concrete bridges strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers : Case study: Essinge Bridge over Pampaslänken." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301238.
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This master thesis deals with the performance of existing reinforced concrete bridges strengthened with externally bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP). One of the main aims of this work is to understand the functionality of such an external strengthening method applied to a concave surface in a heavy concrete structure such as a bridge. Another important goal is to investigate the bond behavior of this method. To accomplish the aforementioned aims a case study bridge is chosen to be examined. The Essinge bridge located in the central Stockholm, is the selected bridge in which this report will focus on. Externally strengthening an existing bridge is a method used to both preserve as well as improve the existing structure. Some examples justifying the need to use such a technique are: the degradation of materials or changes in the bearing capacity of the structure which might be the result of increased traffic loads. In the case of Essinge bridge, the structure is strengthened with externally bonded CFRP sheets after the extension of the bridge which led to changes in the statical mode of action of the structure. An additional reason which makes this case interesting to study is the ’’concave’’ surface on which the CFRP sheets are applied to. To study the Essinge bridge in detail, both a numerical analysis and a three-dimensional finite element model is used. All the numerical simulations are performed in the Abaqus software. It is important to mention that for the majority of the simulations a two-axle vehicle load of 300kN (per axle) is applied to the structure. Moreover, a quality assurance of the FE model is carried out to verify the functionality of the model. Some of the results coming from these analyses can be compared with measurements from the monitoring system placed on the bridge. Moreover, other simulation results could be compared with results coming from a test loading performed on the bridge on May 2021. From this comparison, a satisfactory agreement could be found in the peak values of normal strain in concrete and CFRP. Due to time limitations, only linear static analyses are performed. Consequently, in order to capture the non-linearity of the concrete, the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) available in Abaqus is used to model a possible crack in the concrete. More specifically, the crack is placed in the concrete part of the deck plate where the maximum value of normal stress is obtained. The bond behavior between the concrete and the CFRP sheets is modelled in two different ways. The first way represents a ’’perfect’’ bond between these two materials meanwhile the second one is based on the so-called Cohesive Zone Method (CZM). The fundamental difference between these two methods is that when using the CZM, a possible failure mode in the bond layer can be captured. Moreover, the input data and parameters defined in the CZM have a detrimental role in the obtained results. It can be noted that the results of the case study bridge cannot be generalized. On the other hand, a better understanding about the external strengthening method implemented on the example of Essinge bridge is obtained. By using the CZM, a vehicle load which could initiate damage in the bond layer could be found.Detta examensarbete handlar om prestandan för befintliga betongarmerade broar som är externt förstärkta med kolfiberväv. Ett av huvudsyftena med detta arbete är att förstå hur en sådan förstärkningsmetod fungerar när den är applicerad på ett konkavt underlag av en tung betongkonstruktion, såsom en bro. Ett annat viktigt mål är att undersöka beteendet av bindningsskiktet som finns mellan betongen och kolfiberväven. För att uppnå de ovannämnda målen, undersöks en fallstudie bro. Bron över Pampaslänken, som ligger i centrala Stockholm, är den utvalda bron som denna rapport kommer att fokusera på. Att förstärka en befintlig bro externt är en metod som använts för att både bibehålla och förbättra den existerande strukturen. Några exempel som motiverar behovet av att använda en sådan metod är nedbrytning av material eller förändringar i konstruktionens bärförmåga som kan vara ett resultat av ökade trafikbelastningar. När det gäller bron över Pampaslänken, applicerades den externa förstärkningen efter breddningen av bron, vilket ledde till förändringar i strukturens statiska verkningssätt. En ytterligare anledning som gör detta fall intressant att studera är den konkava ytan för vilken förstärkningsmetoden används. För att studera bron över Pampaslänken i detalj, används både en numerisk analys samt en tredimensionell finit elementmodell. Alla numeriska simuleringar är utförda i programvaran Abaqus. Det är viktigt att nämna att för de flesta av simuleringarna appliceras en tvåaxlig fordonslast på 300kN (per axel) på konstruktionen. Dessutom genomförs en kvalitetssäkring av FE-modellen för att verifiera modellens funktionalitet. Några av resultaten från dessa analyser kan jämföras med mätningar från systemet med trådtöjningsgivarna som är placerade på bron. Andra simuleringsresultat kan jämföras med resultat som kommer från en provbelastning som utfördes på bron under maj 2021. Från denna jämförelse kan en överenskommelse hittas i de maximala töjningsvärdena i både betongen och kolfiberväven. På grund av tidsbegränsningar utförs endast linjära elastiska analyser. För att kunna fånga betongens olinjära beteende används den så kallade utvidgade finita elementmetoden (XFEM) som finns i Abaqus, för att modellera in en eventuell spricka i betongen. Mer specifikt placeras sprickan på den delen av farbaneplattan där de maximala normalspänningarna erhålls. Bindningsskiktet som finns mellan betongen och kolfibervävarna modelleras på två olika sätt. I det första sättet skapas ett ’’perfekt’’ band/skikt mellan dessa två material medan i det andra baseras modelleringen på den så kallade Cohesive Zone Method (CZM). Den grundläggande skillnaden mellan dessa två metoder är att när man använder CZM kan ett eventuellt vidhäftningsbrott fångas upp i bindningsskiktet. Dessutom har indata samt olika parametrar som är definierade i CZM, en stor påverkan på de erhållna resultaten. Det kan konstateras att resultaten från fallstudiebron inte kan generaliseras. Däremot har man fått en bättre förståelse för den externa förstärkningsmetoden som implementerats i bron över Pampaslänken. Genom att använda CZM hittas en fordonlast som kan orsaka skador i bindningsskiktet.
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Pasa, Dutra Vanessa Fátima. "Um modelo constitutivo para o concreto reforçado com fibras de aço via Teoria da Homogeneização." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56585.
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O concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA) é um material compósito formado por uma matriz cimentícia e por uma certa quantidade de fibras aleatoriamente dispersas. Buscou-se neste estudo “construir” um modelo constitutivo capaz de representar o comportamento do CRFA e cuja formulação está fundamentada na Teoria da Homogeneização, no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), como também em observações experimentais disponíveis na literatura. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos visando a análise do comportamento elástico e viscoelástico do CRFA. Inicialmente, o comportamento elástico linear foi investigado através da aplicação do esquema de homogeneização de Mori-Tanaka, o qual é baseado nos resultados estabelecidos por Eshelby (1957). A precisão dos resultados obtidos pela abordagem analítica foi verificada pela comparação com a solução via MEF, bem como com os resultados experimentais disponíveis. As estimativas micromecânicas das propriedades elásticas efetivas se mostraram coerentes àquelas obtidas através de análise numérica de um volume elementar representativo (VER) do material, modelado como um meio heterogêneo, como também, aos dados experimentais. Posteriormente, a formulação do comportamento viscoelástico sem envelhecimento foi obtida fazendo-se uso da resposta em elasticidade e do Princípio da Correspondência Elástica-Viscoelástica. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos dados experimentais e a modelos analíticos disponíveis. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, as propriedades de resistência do CRFA foram investigadas empregando-se a abordagem estática da análise limite combinada à teoria da homogeneização. O critério de resistência macroscópico para o CRFA foi teoricamente obtido a partir do conhecimento da resistência dos seus constituintes, ou seja, da matriz de concreto e das fibras. Adotando-se o critério de ruptura de Drucker-Prager para a matriz de concreto e considerando-se distribuição espacial isotrópica das fibras através de um modelo aproximado, um critério aproximado para a estimativa das propriedades de resistência homogeneizadas foi formulado. A formulação do critério foi complementada através da consideração de um critério de cut-off em tração e das propriedades limitadas de resistência da interface. Os resultados analíticos foram comparados a resultados experimentais e àqueles obtidos na resolução numérica do problema de análise limite formulado sobre o VER do CRFA, através de uma ferramenta numérica baseada no MEF no contexto da plasticidade. A comparação permitiu avaliar a influência da anisotropia do modelo aproximado empregado, como também da geometria real das fibras sobre a resistência do compósito.Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a composite material formed by a cement matrix and a certain amount of randomly dispersed fibers. The main objective of the present work is the formulation of a comprehensive constitutive model for SFRC behavior that relies upon homogenization theory, finite element method (FEM) and taking advantage of experimental data available in the literature as well. The first part of the work is devoted to the assessment of elastic and viscoelastic behavior of SFRC. The study starts with the analysis of linear elastic behavior by implementation of a Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme, which is based on the Eshelby equivalent inclusion approach. It was found that the micromechanical predictions for the overall stiffness proved to be considerably close to the experimental data, as well as to the finite element solutions obtained from numerical analysis of a representative elementary volume (REV) of SFRC (modeled as a randomly heterogeneous medium). Subsequently, the formulation of the nonaging viscoelastic behavior is carried out by making use of results from Elasticity and the Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle. The results are compared to available experimental data and analytical models. The second part of the work focuses on the assessment of macroscopic strength properties of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Combining the static approach of limit analysis and the homogenization theory, the macroscopic strength criterion for SFRC was theoretically obtained from the knowledge of the strength properties of the individual constituents (concrete matrix and fibers). Adopting a Drucker-Prager failure condition for the concrete matrix and adopting a simplified geometrical model for fiber orientations and length, an approximate criterion was formulated for the overall strength properties. This formulation was complemented by considering a tensile cut-off condition for the concrete and limited strength properties for the interface. The analytical results were compared to experimental data and also to results obtained from a numeric resolution of the problem of limit analysis stated on the REV the material by means of a specifically devised Finite Element numerical tool in the plasticity context. The comparison allowed investigating the influence of the anisotropy of the employed approximate model, as well as the real fiber morphology on the composite strength properties.
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Kulkarni, Mandar Madhukar. "Prediction of Elastic Properties of a Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Fiber Polymeric Composite Material Using Cohesive Zone Modeling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1235433423.
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Golestanian, Hossein. "Modeling of process induced residual stresses and resin flow behavior in resin transfer molded composites with woven fiber mats /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841293.
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Roth, Michael Jason 1975. "Flexural and tensile properties of thin, very high-strength, fiber-reinforced concrete panels." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11062007-215816.
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Aidi, Bilel. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Damage in Notched Composites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82559.
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This dissertation contains the results from an experimental study, numerical, and analytical study conducted on quasi-isotropic carbon fiber laminates containing a center hole (notch) subjected to constant amplitude tension-tension fatigue loading in order to investigate the effect of fatigue damage development on the residual properties. Quasi-static tests were initially performed on notched composites using digital image correlation (DIC) to determine the strain profiles at selected transverse sections of the outer ply of the laminates and the static strength of the laminates. Subsequently, tension-tension fatigue tests were carried out at 70%, 75% and 80% of the nominal static failure load. A finite element model was developed using Abaqus and Digimat in which Digimat was used to implement the damage evolution model via a user-defined material subroutine. Damage initiation has been assessed using Hashin's failure criteria and the Matzenmiller model was adopted for damage evolution. A second finite element model was developed using Abaqus and Autodesk Simulation Composite Analysis (ASCA) in which ASCA was used to implement the user-material subroutine. The subroutine includes a failure initiation criterion based upon multi-continuum theory (MCT) and an energy-based damage evolution law. Numerical and experimental strain results were presented and compared for different section lines on the outer surface of the laminate at different loading stages. Additionally, the experimentally measured notched composite strength was compared with the predictions from the finite element solutions. These results are used as baseline for subsequent comparison with strain profiles obtained using DIC for specimens fatigued at different stress levels and fatigue lifetime fractions. The results showed a significant effect of fatigue damage development on strain redistribution even at early stages of fatigue. The results also showed the capability of DIC technique to identify damage initiation and its location. Furthermore, X-ray computed tomography (CT) was used to examine the sequence of damage development throughout the fatigue lifetime and to connect the observed damage mechanisms with the occurred change of strain profiles.
Experimental vibrational modal analysis tests were also conducted to assess the effect of fatigue damage on the residual frequency responses (RFRs). Vibrational measurements were initially performed on pristine notched composites. The results are used as baseline for subsequent comparison with strain profiles obtained with DIC. Finite element models based on the classical plate theory (Kirchhoff) and the shear deformable theory (Mindlin) within the framework of equivalent single-layer and layer-wise concepts as well as the three-dimensional theory of elasticity are developed to predict the natural frequencies of non-fatigued specimen. These models are implemented using the finite element software, Abaqus, to determine the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes. In addition, an analytical model based on Kirchhoff plate theory is developed. Using this approach, an equivalent bending-torsion beam model for cantilever laminated plates is extracted taking into account the reduction in local stiffness and mass induced by the center hole. Numerical and analytical natural frequency values are then compared with those obtained through experimental vibrational tests, and the accuracy of each finite element (FE) and analytical model type is assessed. It is shown that the natural frequencies obtained using the analytical and FE models are within 8% of the experimentally determined values.Ph. D.
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Pasa, Dutra Vanessa Fátima. "Análise do comportamento de estruturas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço via método dos elementos finitos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10614.
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O concreto é um material que possui grande versatilidade de aplicação em construções e, desde a sua criação, vem sofrendo significativas modificações tanto na sua forma de produção e aplicação, quanto na sua composição. A razão para estas constantes modificações é a busca permanente do aperfeiçoamento das propriedades do concreto, ampliando ainda mais o seu espectro de utilização. Neste contexto e, visando principalmente melhorar o seu comportamento frágil perante esforços de tração, a adição de diferentes tipos de fibras surgiu como uma alternativa bastante promissora. Assim, fibras dispersas e concreto passam a formar, juntos, um material compósito, o qual, segundo verificações experimentais, pode trazer benefícios significativos às construções sob o ponto de vista estrutural. Este é o caso do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA), em cujos ensaios foram observados aumentos importantes de resistência à tração e à compressão biaxial com o incremento da quantidade de fibras adicionadas. Visando uma análise mais profunda deste material, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo de peças de CRFA através da análise numérica tridimensional via Método dos Elementos Finitos. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um programa computacional, em linguagem FORTRAN 90/95, com o intuito de modelar o comportamento de estruturas executadas com este material. Com base em estudos anteriores, foi implementado no programa um modelo constitutivo capaz de simular o comportamento do concreto com a presença das fibras. A representação do comportamento dos materiais foi feita através de um modelo elastoplástico, sendo analisadas estruturas sob condições de carregamento estático de curta duração. Especificamente para a determinação do comportamento do concreto com fibras, utilizou-se uma variante da superfície de ruptura de Willam-Warnke que considera a presença das fibras através da alteração do seu meridiano de tração. Além disso, a fissuração do concreto foi representada pelo modelo de fissuras distribuídas, que leva em consideração a contribuição da matriz entre fissuras. Dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura são apresentados para efeito de comparação com os resultados obtidos através do programa computacional desenvolvido. Observou-se que o modelo matemático e a metodologia numérica empregados forneceram resultados bastante próximos aos experimentais, validando, desta forma, a modelagem do CRFA realizada neste estudo através de alterações nas propriedades do concreto em função da presença das fibras.Concrete is a material of great versatility of application in constructions and, since its invention, it has been experimenting significant changes in its form of production and application as well as on its composition. The reason for these continued changes is a permanent search for improvement in concrete’s properties, to widen even more its spectrum of use. In this context, and targeting mainly the improvement of its fragile behavior under tension, the addition of different types of fibers came up as a promising alternative. In this way, disperse fibers and concrete form, together, a composite material that, according to experimental investigations, can bring significant contributions to constructions under a structural standpoint. This is the case of the steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), in whose tests important tensile and biaxial compression strength increases were observed with the increment of the fiber quantity added. Aiming a deeper analysis of this material, the present work has the objective of studying SFRC elements through numerical analyses based on the Finite Element Method. For in such a way, a computational program has been developed in FORTRAN 90/95 language aiming the modeling of the behavior of structures made with this material. On the basis of previous studies, a constitutive model, capable of adequately simulate the behavior of SFRC, was implemented. The representation of the behavior of the materials was carried out through an elastoplastic model and structures under short duration loading conditions were analyzed. Specifically for the determination of the behavior of the concrete with fibers, a variant of the Willam-Warnke rupture surface has been used, which considers the fibers presence through modifications of its tension meridian. Additionally, the concrete cracking was represented in the program by the smeared cracking model, which takes into consideration the contribution of the matrix between cracks. Experimental data available in the literature are compared to the results obtained with the developed computational program. It is observed that the used mathematical model and numerical methodology give results that are quite close to the available experimental data, validating, in this way, the SFRC modeling implemented.
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Lepenies, Ingolf G. "Zur hierarchischen und simultanen Multi-Skalen-Analyse von Textilbeton." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1231842928873-71702.
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Die Arbeit widmet sich der Simulation und der Prognose des Materialverhaltens des Hochleistungsverbundwerkstoffes Textilbeton unter Zugbeanspruchungen. Basierend auf einer hierarchischen mechanischen Modellbildung (Multi-Skalen-Analyse) werden die Tragmechanismen des Verbundwerkstoffes auf drei Strukturebenen abgebildet. Damit lassen sich die den Verbundwerkstoff charakterisierenden mechanischen Kenngrößen aus experimentell ermittelten Kraft-Verschiebungs-Abhängigkeiten ableiten. Diese Kenngrößen sind mit heutiger Messtechnik nicht direkt experimentell bestimmbar. Es wird ein Mikro-Meso-Makro-Prognosemodell (MMM-Prognosemodell) für Textilbeton entwickelt, das basierend auf der Simulation des Mikrostrukturverhaltens das makroskopische Materialverhalten prognostiziert. Die Grundlage dafür bildet die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung der Verbundeigenschaften zwischen der Filamentbewehrung und der einbettenden Matrix. Für das Verbundverhalten von Rovings in einer Feinbetonmatrix wird, ausgehend von einer Rovingapproximation mit superelliptischem Querschnitt, die partielle Imprägnierung des Rovings und die daraus resultierende Verbundwirkung identifiziert und simuliert. Auf Grundlage der mikro- und mesomechanischen Modelle sowie der Kalibrierung und Verifizierung des MMM-Prognosemodells durch die Simulation von Filament- und Rovingauszugsversuchen wird das makroskopische Zugverhalten von Textilbeton mit Mehrfachrissbildung prognostiziert. Die numerischen Ergebnisse werden durch die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Dehnkörperversuche validiert. Das MMM-Prognosemodell für Textilbeton wird im Rahmen einer hierarchischen Multi-Skalen-Analyse auf Zugversuche von Textilbetonbauteilen angewendet. Weiterhin wird die Verstärkungswirkung einer Textilbetonschicht an Stahlbetonbauteilen unter Biegebeanspruchung zutreffend simuliert. Es wird das nichtlineare Bauteilverhalten abgebildet, wobei die Bauteildurchbiegung, die effektiven Rovingbeanspruchungen und die Beanspruchungen der Filamente im Roving abgebildet werdenThe present work deals with the simulation and the prediction of the effective material behavior of the high performance composite textile reinforced concrete (TRC) subjected to tension. Based on a hierarchical material model within a multi scale approach the load bearing mechanisms of TRC are modeled on three structural scales. Therewith, the mechanical parameters characterizing the composite material can be deduced indirectly by experimentally determined force displacement relations obtained from roving pullout tests. These parameters cannot be obtained by contemporary measuring techniques directly. A micro-meso-macro-prediction model (MMM-PM) for TRC is developed, predicting the macroscopic material behavior by means of simulations of the microscopic and the mesoscopic material behavior. The basis is the qualitative and quantitative identification of the bond properties of the roving-matrix system. The partial impregnation of the rovings and the corresponding varying bond qualities are identified to characterize the bond behavior of rovings in a fine-grained concrete matrix. The huge variety of roving cross-sections is approximated by superellipses on the meso scale. The macroscopic behavior of TRC subjected to tension including multiple cracking of the matrix material is correctly predicted on the basis of the micro- and meso-mechanical models. The calibration and verification of the MMM-PM is performed by simulations of roving pullout tests, whereas a first validation is carried out by a comparison of the numerical predictions with the experimental data from tensile tests. The MMM-PM for TRC is applied to tensile tests of structural members made of TRC. Furthermore, a steel-reinforced concrete plate strengthened by a TRC layer is accurately simulated yielding the macroscopic deflection of the plate, the mesoscopic stress state of the roving and the microscopic stresses of the filaments
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Bonnet, Anne-Sophie. "Analyse mathematique de la propagation de modes guides dans les fibres optiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066093.
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L'etude de la propagation d'ondes guidees dans des structures dielectriques cylindriques (fibres optiques en particulier) est un probleme vectoriel, susceptible de se reduire a un probleme scalaire dans le cadre de l'approximation dite de "faible guidage". La premiere partie traite de la partie vectorielle, la seconde, de la partie scalaire. Dans ces deux parties sont etudiees la relation de dispersion en fonction du profil d'indice de refraction
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Rukavina, Tea. "Multi-scale damage model of fiber-reinforced concrete with parameter identification." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2460/document.
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Dans cette thèse, plusieurs approches de modélisation de composites renforcés par des fibres sont proposées. Le matériau étudié est le béton fibré, et dans ce modèle, on tient compte de l’influence de trois constituants : le béton, les fibres, et la liaison entre eux. Le comportement du béton est analysé avec un modèle d’endommagement, les fibres d'acier sont considérées comme élastiques linéaires, et le comportement sur l'interface est décrit avec une loi de glissement avec l’extraction complète de la fibre. Une approche multi-échelle pour coupler tous les constituants est proposée, dans laquelle le calcul à l'échelle macro est effectué en utilisant la procédure de solution operator-split. Cette approche partitionnée divise le calcul en deux phases, globale et locale, dans lesquelles différents mécanismes de rupture sont traités séparément, ce qui est conforme au comportement du composite observé expérimentalement. L'identification des paramètres est effectuée en minimisant l'erreur entre les valeurs calculées et mesurées. Les modèles proposés sont validés par des exemples numériquesIn this thesis, several approaches for modeling fiber-reinforced composites are proposed. The material under consideration is fiber-reinforced concrete, which is composed of a few constituents: concrete, short steel fibers, and the interface between them. The behavior of concrete is described by a damage model with localized failure, fibers are taken to be linear elastic, and the behavior of the interface is modeled with a bond-slip pull-out law. A multi-scale approach for coupling all the constituents is proposed, where the macro-scale computation is carried out using the operator-split solution procedure. This partitioned approach divides the computation in two phases, global and local, where different failure mechanisms are treated separately, which is in accordance with the experimentally observed composite behavior. An inverse model for fiber-reinforced concrete is presented, where the stochastic caracterization of the fibers is known from their distribution inside the domain. Parameter identification is performed by minimizing the error between the computed and measured values. The proposed models are validated through numerical examples
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Figueiredo, Marcelo Porto de. "Aplicação do método dos elementos discretos na análise estática e dinâmica de estruturas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8297.
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Quando o concreto é submetido a carregamentos especiais, como cargas cíclicas ou ação de cargas de impacto, modificações em sua composição são necessárias. Uma vez que o material não apresenta desempenho satisfatório à tração, seu comportamento frente a este tipo de carregamento acaba seriamente comprometido. Uma alternativa para amenizar esta deficiência consiste em adicionar fibras de aço ao concreto. Ao adicionar estes elementos à matriz cimentícia, promove-se meios de transferência de tensões através das fissuras, aumentando a tenacidade do material, proporcionando mecanismos de absorção, relacionados com o desligamento e o arrancamento de fibras. Um número significativo de trabalhos experimentais envolvendo os mais diversos tipos de elementos estruturais reforçados com fibras de aço está disponível, havendo, no entanto, uma forte carência sob o ponto de vista de simulações numéricas. Buscando colaborar no desenvolvimento do material, o presente trabalho propõe a aplicação do Método dos Elementos Discretos para simulação do compósito submetido a carregamentos estáticos e dinâmicos. São realizadas alterações no algoritmo do método a fim de realizar a dispersão de fibras de aço na matriz de concreto. A análise das condições de contorno utilizadas em trabalho anterior revela a necessidade de aplicação de apoios elásticos sob pena de superestimar a rigidez do modelo. Os diagramas carga versus deslocamento que resultaram dos ensaios estáticos demonstram que o modelo criado é sensível à adição de fibras: maiores teores conduzem a modelos com maior tenacidade. O ensaio de impacto também se mostrou sensível e o padrão de fissuração encontrado nas simulações revelou uma boa aproximação com ensaios experimentais anteriores.When submitted to special loading patterns, derived from dynamical actions such as cyclic or impact loads, some alterations in the concrete constitution need to be done, since the material don’t have an adequate behavior under tensile stress. A feasible alternative, in such cases, is to incorporate steel fibers in the concrete matrix. Adding these elements, stress transference mechanisms along the cracks are promoted, increasing the material tenacity. An expressive number of experimental works involving all the kinds of steel fiber reinforced concrete structural elements are available. However, few researches based on numerical methods are found in the literature. In order to contribute with the data collection and the development of the material, the present research work proposes the application of the Discrete Element Method to simulate the composite subjected to static and dynamic loads. Some modifications are made on the method algorithm trying to create the dispersion of fibers in the concrete matrix. The analysis of the boundary conditions used on previous work reveal the importance of using elastic support to don’t overestimate the stiffness of the model. The diagram load versus displacement that came from the static simulations shows that the model is sensible to the addition of fibers: higher proportions of fiber leads to models with higher tenacity. The impact tests also demonstrate sensibility and the crack pattern found on the simulations presented a very good approximation to previous experimental work.
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Noor-E-Khuda, Sarkar. "Studies on the out-of-plane behaviour of masonry walls." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93197/1/Sarkar_Noor-E-Khuda_Thesis.pdf.
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The prime aim of this PhD thesis is to contribute to the current body of knowledge on the out-of-plane performance of masonry walls through systematic investigation of the key parameters and provide insight into the design clauses of Australian Masonry Standard (AS3700-2011). The research work has been carried out through numerical simulation based on a 3D layered shell element model. The model demonstrated capability to simulate various forms of new and existing masonry systems commonly constructed in Australia such as unreinforced, internally and externally reinforced, confined and dry-stack masonry. In addition, the model simultaneously simulates in-plane and out-of-plane responses.
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Francescato, Pascal. "Prévision du comportement plastique des matériaux hétérogènes à constituants métalliques : application aux composites à matrice métallique à fibres continues et aux plaques perforées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10110.
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Ce travail de these porte sur la mise en uvre numerique de la methode d'homogeneisation periodique en calcul a la rupture ou analyse limite et son application a la prevision des proprietes de resistance macroscopiques de materiaux composites a fibres longues ou de plaques metalliques perforees. La methode numerique adoptee consiste a ramener la mise en uvre des approches statique par l'interieur et cinematique par l'exterieur a la resolution d'un probleme d'optimisation lineaire pose sur le volume elementaire representatif (v. E. R. ). Les programmes numeriques font appel a une utilisation originale de la methode des elements finis avec une discretisation discontinue des differents v. E. R. Etudies ainsi qu'a une technique nouvelle de linearisation des criteres de tresca et von mises. Une premiere validation de ces methodes est faite a partir de resultats theoriques et experimentaux obtenus par ailleurs, de meme qu'une campagne experimentale est menee sur des plaques minces perforees par des trous circulaires. Ces methodes donnent une evaluation tres precise de l'anisotropie de resistance de ce type de materiau. Dans la suite, une extension de ces methodes au cas de la deformation plane generalisee et au cas general tridimensionnel est proposee afin d'etudier le comportement plastique de composites a matrice metallique (c. M. M. ). Les maillages elements finis restant plans du fait du cas des fibres continues unidirectionnelles considere ici, l'objectif est de determiner le convexe de resistance de c. M. M. Unidirectionnels sous un chargement hors axes quelconque. Dans le cas d'une interface fibre/matrice a adherence maximale, les calculs mettent clairement en evidence l'anisotropie transverse de ce type de composite, y compris dans le cas d'un v. E. R. Hexagonal. Enfin l'etude se termine par une serie de calculs prenant en compte un critere de decohesion a l'interface fibre/matrice alors que la fibre et la matrice obeissent au critere de tresca tridimensionnel isotrope. Les parametres caracteristiques du critere a l'interface sont identifies a partir d'un essai de traction simple transversalement aux fibres
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Júnior, Luís Antônio Guimarães Bitencourt. "Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma computacional para análise via método dos elementos finitos de estruturas de concreto armado convencional e reforçado com fibras de aço." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-01092009-154909/.
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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma plataforma computacional para análise via método dos elementos finitos de estruturas de concreto armado convencional e reforçado com fibras de aço. A ferramenta numérica desenvolvida foi obtida por meio do acoplamento do programa FEMOOP, denominado solver com o pré e pós-processador GiD. Esse acoplamento foi possibilitado por meio da programação de um conjunto de arquivos denominados arquivos de customização, responsáveis pelo trabalho conjunto dos programas. Utiliza-se uma única interface gráfica com caixas de diálogo vinculadas ao código do solver, responsáveis por aplicar as condições de contorno do problema, tipo de análise, e aplicação dos materiais nos seus respectivos elementos finitos. Para a representação do concreto, foram implementados elementos finitos planos isoparamétricos quadrilaterais e triangulares e para as armaduras elementos finitos isoparamétricos unifilares lineares e quadráticos representados por meio do modelo discreto. Para o comportamento do concreto, foi considerado um modelo elástico não-linear com comportamento isotrópico até o limite de ruptura, acoplado a um modelo de amolecimento linear na tração. As fissuras são representadas pelo modelo de fissuração distribuída do tipo rotacional. Como critério de resistência para o concreto podem-se usar o modelo de Ottosen ou o modelo de Willam e Warnke de cinco parâmetros implementados na plataforma. Especificamente para considerar a presença de fibras de aço descontínuas na matriz de concreto, é utilizado o critério de ruptura proposto por SEOW e SWADDIWUDHIPONG (2005), que é uma alteração no meridiano de tração do critério proposto por Willam e Warnke. Para o concreto reforçado com fibras de aço fissurado considera-se o trecho pós-fissuração proposto no modelo de tração de LIM et. al (1987). As armaduras têm seu comportamento descrito através de um modelo elasto-plástico bilinear. A interação entre as armaduras e o concreto foi considerada como de aderência perfeita. Como se trata da modelagem de um material com comportamento não-linear, foi implementado para resolução das equações de equilíbrio o método de Newton-Raphson. Por fim, a plataforma final obtida foi avaliada por meio da simulação de vigas de concreto armado convencional e reforçado com fibras de aço disponíveis na literatura, que confirmaram a eficiência das implementações efetuadas.In this work a computational platform for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures reinforced or not with steel fibers has been developed. This tool is based on the finite element method and has been obtained by the coupling of FEMOOP, denominated solver, with the pre and post-processor program GiD. The coupling has been possible by programming a set of customization files responsible for the communication between the two base programs. A single graphical interface with particular dialog boxes which are linked to the solver facilities is used to apply the boundary conditions, type of analysis, and material properties in the finite element model. For the geometrical representation of concrete elements, plane isoparametric quadrilateral and triangular finite elements have been implemented, while for the steel reinforcement bars, discrete isoparametric truss finite elements with linear end quadratic interpolation have been used. In order to model the mechanical behavior of concrete materials, a nonlinear isotropic elastic model together with a tension softening linear model has been adapted. Cracks are represented through a rotational smeared crack model. Both Ottosen and 5 parameters Willam-Warnke models can be used as the strength criterion of concrete. A failure model proposed by SEOW and SWADDIWUDHIPONG (2005), based on an adaptation of the Willam-Warnke model where a modification of the tension meridian is introduced, is used to consider the discontinuous steel fibers dispersed into the concrete mass. The post-cracking behavior of the steel fiber reinforced concrete considers the tension model proposed by LIM et. al (1987). The steel rebars have their behavior described by a bilinear elastoplastic model. A perfect bond between concrete and the reinforcing bars is assumed. For the solution of the nonlinear equations the Newton-Raphson method is used. The developed computational platform has been evaluated through a set of numerical simulations of tests performed in conventionally reinforced and steel fiber reinforced concrete beams available on the literature. These simulations confirm the efficiency of the current implementation.
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Lepenies, Ingolf G. "Zur hierarchischen und simultanen Multi-Skalen-Analyse von Textilbeton." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23636.
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Die Arbeit widmet sich der Simulation und der Prognose des Materialverhaltens des Hochleistungsverbundwerkstoffes Textilbeton unter Zugbeanspruchungen. Basierend auf einer hierarchischen mechanischen Modellbildung (Multi-Skalen-Analyse) werden die Tragmechanismen des Verbundwerkstoffes auf drei Strukturebenen abgebildet. Damit lassen sich die den Verbundwerkstoff charakterisierenden mechanischen Kenngrößen aus experimentell ermittelten Kraft-Verschiebungs-Abhängigkeiten ableiten. Diese Kenngrößen sind mit heutiger Messtechnik nicht direkt experimentell bestimmbar. Es wird ein Mikro-Meso-Makro-Prognosemodell (MMM-Prognosemodell) für Textilbeton entwickelt, das basierend auf der Simulation des Mikrostrukturverhaltens das makroskopische Materialverhalten prognostiziert. Die Grundlage dafür bildet die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung der Verbundeigenschaften zwischen der Filamentbewehrung und der einbettenden Matrix. Für das Verbundverhalten von Rovings in einer Feinbetonmatrix wird, ausgehend von einer Rovingapproximation mit superelliptischem Querschnitt, die partielle Imprägnierung des Rovings und die daraus resultierende Verbundwirkung identifiziert und simuliert. Auf Grundlage der mikro- und mesomechanischen Modelle sowie der Kalibrierung und Verifizierung des MMM-Prognosemodells durch die Simulation von Filament- und Rovingauszugsversuchen wird das makroskopische Zugverhalten von Textilbeton mit Mehrfachrissbildung prognostiziert. Die numerischen Ergebnisse werden durch die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Dehnkörperversuche validiert. Das MMM-Prognosemodell für Textilbeton wird im Rahmen einer hierarchischen Multi-Skalen-Analyse auf Zugversuche von Textilbetonbauteilen angewendet. Weiterhin wird die Verstärkungswirkung einer Textilbetonschicht an Stahlbetonbauteilen unter Biegebeanspruchung zutreffend simuliert. Es wird das nichtlineare Bauteilverhalten abgebildet, wobei die Bauteildurchbiegung, die effektiven Rovingbeanspruchungen und die Beanspruchungen der Filamente im Roving abgebildet werden.The present work deals with the simulation and the prediction of the effective material behavior of the high performance composite textile reinforced concrete (TRC) subjected to tension. Based on a hierarchical material model within a multi scale approach the load bearing mechanisms of TRC are modeled on three structural scales. Therewith, the mechanical parameters characterizing the composite material can be deduced indirectly by experimentally determined force displacement relations obtained from roving pullout tests. These parameters cannot be obtained by contemporary measuring techniques directly. A micro-meso-macro-prediction model (MMM-PM) for TRC is developed, predicting the macroscopic material behavior by means of simulations of the microscopic and the mesoscopic material behavior. The basis is the qualitative and quantitative identification of the bond properties of the roving-matrix system. The partial impregnation of the rovings and the corresponding varying bond qualities are identified to characterize the bond behavior of rovings in a fine-grained concrete matrix. The huge variety of roving cross-sections is approximated by superellipses on the meso scale. The macroscopic behavior of TRC subjected to tension including multiple cracking of the matrix material is correctly predicted on the basis of the micro- and meso-mechanical models. The calibration and verification of the MMM-PM is performed by simulations of roving pullout tests, whereas a first validation is carried out by a comparison of the numerical predictions with the experimental data from tensile tests. The MMM-PM for TRC is applied to tensile tests of structural members made of TRC. Furthermore, a steel-reinforced concrete plate strengthened by a TRC layer is accurately simulated yielding the macroscopic deflection of the plate, the mesoscopic stress state of the roving and the microscopic stresses of the filaments.
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Garcez, Estela Oliari. "Análise teórico-experimental do comportamento de concretos reforçados com fibras de aço quando submetidos a cargas de impacto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7842.
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Quando o concreto é submetido a ações especiais, como cargas cíclicas ou ação de cargas de impacto, modificações em sua composição são necessárias, já que o concreto não apresenta desempenho satisfatório à tração, o que compromete o seu comportamento frente à ação de cargas dinâmicas. Uma alternativa para amenizar esta deficiência consiste em adicionar fibras ao concreto. Estas atuam como reforços à tração, transformando a matriz cimentícia, tipicamente frágil, em um material que apresenta boa resistência residual após a fissuração. Buscando colaborar na avaliação da eficiência de diferentes tipos de fibras, o presente trabalho analisa o comportamento de concretos com fibras de aço, submetidos ao impacto, avaliando a influência do fator de forma, do comprimento e do teor de fibras, assim como do tamanho do agregado. São ainda analisados os efeitos da incorporação de fibras na resistência à compressão, na resistência à tração por compressão diametral, no módulo de elasticidade e na tenacidade dos compósitos. Adicionalmente, é executada uma comparação entre os resultados experimentais e os derivados de um esquema de modelagem da situação de impacto através do uso do método de elementos discretos. Buscou-se, através da modelagem teórica, executar um mapeamento dos danos, provocados por cargas de impacto incrementais, ao longo do tempo, bem como determinar as energias necessárias para levar as placas até a ruptura. Os resultados indicam que a incorporação de fibras de aço não consegue retardar o aparecimento da primeira fissura, mas aumenta significativamente a tenacidade dos compósitos. Fibras mais longas e com maior fator de forma tendem a ser mais eficientes, desde que se supere um teor de fibras mínimo, que neste trabalho ficou em torno de 100.000 fibras/m3, para fibras longas (50-60 mm) e de 400.000 fibras/m3, para fibras curtas, cuja ancoragem é menos eficiente. O método de teste de impacto por queda de esfera se mostrou adequado e sensível, porém o esquema de modelagem numérica testado necessita ser refinado para permitir uma adequada simulação do comportamento de concretos com fibras.When submitted to special loading patterns, derived from dynamical actions such as cyclic or impact loads, concrete elements need to be reinforced, in order to resist the tensile stresses. A feasible alternative, in such cases, is to incorporate fibers in the concrete matrix. The fibers act as a tensile reinforcement, transforming the fragile cement matrix into a composite with significant post-cracking residual strength. In order to contribute with the data collection about the efficiency of different fiber types, the present research work presents an analysis of the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concretes subjected to impact loads. The work investigates the influences of changes in the shape factor, length and amount of fibers. The effects of these combinations on other basic properties of the composites, such as compression strength, split cylinder tensile strength, Young’s modulus and tenacity is also measured. Additionally, a comparison is made between the experimental results from the impact tests and the estimates obtained from a theoretical model that uses the discrete element method (DEM). This theoretical approach aimed to determine if the model was able to simulate the damage evolution over time generated by the increasing impacts loads, as well as to determine the total energy necessary to crack and break the specimens. The results obtained pointed out that the introduction of steel fibers does not affect the energy for the first crack but increases significantly the tenacity of the composite. Longer fibers, with greater shape factors, tend to be more efficient, provided that the fiber content is sufficiently high. The minimum recommended fiber content, according to the data from this research, may be around 100.000 fibers/m3, for longer fibers (50-60 mm). Or around 400.000 fibers/m3, for shorter fibers, which are not so efficient in terms of anchorage. The impact test method developed was considered adequate, being sensitive to the phenomenon and providing reliable data. The DEM model, however, needs to be refined to be able to deal with fiber concrete composites.
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Nakhaei, Mohsen. "Layer-specific multiscale mechanical modeling of arterial structures with evolving fiber configurations." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEM014.
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Les tissus artériels sont constitués de réseaux de collagène et d'élastine diversement organisés et présentent un comportement anisotrope hautement non linéaire ainsi que la capacité de supporter de grandes déformations réversibles. Ces dernières s'accompagnent d'un réarrangement progressif des réseaux de fibres induit parle chargement. Dans cette thèse, l'important couplage entre la morphologie de la microstructure artérielle et sa réponse mécanique nous a motivé à développer un modèle multi-échelle détaillé de la paroi artérielle. Le cadre de la micromécanique des milieux continus a été utilisé dans une approche incrémentale pour calculer la contrainte, la déformation et les réorientations de fibres. Les extensions du problème d'inclusion de la matrice d'Eshelby permettent d'obtenir des expressions analytiques pour les tenseurs de concentration, qui relient le tenseur de vitesse de déformation macroscopique à la vitesse de déformation et à la vorticité moyennés sur les phases. Nous avons modélisé séparément le comportement de l'adventice et de la média, avant de proposer un modèle complet pour l'artère. De plus, le modèle de comportement multi-échelle a été implémenté dans une formulation éléments finis non linéaire, afin de réaliser des calculs de structure sur l'artère. Le modèle a été validé par différents ensembles de données expérimentales sur des échantillons artériels de différentes espèces. Les résultats montrent que le modèle est capable d'estimer la contribution de chaque tunique dans la réponse macroscopique du tissu pour différents chargements et peut prédire avec précision à la fois la réponse macroscopique et la cinématique microscopique des fibresArterial tissues are made of variously organized collagen and elastin networks and exhibit a highly nonlinear anisotropic behavior with the ability to sustain large reversible strains and to undergo a load-induced progressive morphological rearrangement of the microstructure. In the present study motivated by these specificities of arterial mechanics, we developed a detailed multi-scale model of the arterial wall. The framework of finite strain continuum micromechanics was employed in an incremental approach to compute stress, strain, and fiber reorientations. The extensions of Eshelby’s matrix-inclusion problem allowed for deriving analytical expressions for the concentration tensors, which relate the macroscopic strain rate tensor to phase-averaged strain rate and vorticity. The model accounts for the universal patterns across different scales in the two mechanically significant layers of arteries, namely the adventitia and the media. Furthermore, the multi-scale constitutive model was implemented in a non-linear finite element formulation to solve the structural model of the artery. The model was validated against different experimental data sets on arterial samples from different species. The results show that the model is able to estimate the contribution of each component into the macroscopic response of the tissue for different loading and can predict both the macroscopic response and microscopic fiber kinematics accurately. We submit that such model would help in predicting the evolution of the mechanical tissue response overtime during, for instance, remodeling and growth or damage
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Malheiros, Silveira Gilliard Nardel 1980. "Modelagem por elementos finitos de dispositivos fotônicos e de RF." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259180.
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Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernández FigueroaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T13:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MalheirosSilveira_GilliardNardel_M.pdf: 3128908 bytes, checksum: 81e325450d7a5eff14ab074c7716b862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Esta dissertação aborda a modelagem e análise de Dispositivos Fotônicos e de RF via códigos home-made e comerciais baseados no método dos elementos finitos (MEF) e, em alguns casos, resolução de problemas inversos com auxílio de AG. Primeiramente é feita uma breve revisão sobre elementos finitos e AG, bem como alguns fenômenos eletromagnéticos voltados às aplicações estudadas. Os estudos de problemas fotônicos abordaram dois problemas gerais: Otimização da banda fotônica proibida absoluta em cristais fotônicos bidimensionais e propostas de fibras de cristais fotônicos (PCFs, Photonic Crystal Fibers) voltadas para aplicações não-lineares e compensação de dispersão. Algumas dessas análises envolveram a resolução de problemas inversos via AG; em que foi proposta uma codificação com certa generalização para problemas envolvendo PCF. As propostas envolvendo RF abordaram antenas para etiquetas RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Foi explorado o comportamento dual-band a partir de uma antena do tipo dipolo modificada.
Abstract: This dissertation addresses the modeling and analysis of photonic and RF devices by home-made and commercial codes based on the finite element method (FEM). In some cases, inverse problems have been solved with the aid of genetic algorithms (GA). In the introduction a brief review of finite elements and GA are presented as well as some electromagnetic phenomena related with the applications here analyzed. Concerning the photonic problems, our studies were restricted to two general problems: Optimization of absolute photonic band gap in two-dimensional photonic crystals and the proposal of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) aimed for non-linear and dispersion compensation applications. Some of the analysis involved the solution of inverse problems by means of GA, where, a codification with some generalization to problems involving PCFs was proposed. The proposals involving RF antennas for RFID (radio frequency identification) tags included the study of modified dipole antennas with dual-band operation.
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Tiar, Mohamed Amine. "Éléments finis spéciaux pour l’analyse linéaire et non-linéaire géométrique des structures composites à renforts fibreux." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2345/document.
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La modélisation numérique des structures composites à renfort fibreux de géométrie complexe constitue un axe de recherche majeur afin de prédire correctement leur comportement mécanique. Dans ce contexte, l’étude menée dans ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement de nouveaux éléments finis basés sur une approche numérique multi-échelle, appelée Approche de la Fibre Projetée (AFP). Cette approche a l’avantage de tenir compte de la présence des fibres au sein d’un espace matrice sans les discrétiser, ce qui limite considérablement la taille du système à résoudre. Pour analyser le comportement des structures composites, plusieurs éléments finis 2D et 3D ont été développés et implémentés dans le code ABAQUS via la routine UEL. Plusieurs cas tests de validation sont considérés pour tester la précision et l’efficacité des éléments finis proposés et les résultats obtenus sont globalement en bon accord avec les solutions de référence. De plus, l’intérêt de la nouvelle approche (AFP) est particulièrement mis en exergue en étudiant des structures composites complexe à renfort 3D : une plaque sandwich cousue et une plaque sandwich à âme creuse renforcée par des fibres en forme de « 8 »Numerical modeling of composite materials and structures with complex geometry of fiber reinforcement, such as stitched composites, constitutes a major research axis in order to correctly predict their mechanical behavior. Within this context, this study focuses on the development of new linear and nonlinear specific finite elements based on a multiscale numerical approach, called the Projected Fiber Approach (PFA). This numerical approach has the advantage of taking into account the presence of fi bers, long or short and distributed randomly or specifically, within a matrix space without discretizing them. Consequently, the obtained system of equations size is equivalent to that without reinforcement (matrix), which considerably reduces the computational cost. To analyze the linear and geometrically nonlinear behaviors of composite structures, two membrane finite elements, named PFT3 and PFQ4, and a 3D solid finite element, named PFH8, were developed and implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS via the user element subroutine (UEL). Several numerical linear and nonlinear tests are considered to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed composite finite elements, and the obtained results are globally in good agreement with the reference solutions. Moreover, the major interest of the PFA approach is particularly emphasized by studying two 3D complex reinforced composite structures: a stitched sandwich plate and a hollow core sandwich plate reinforced by "8" shape fibers
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Villard, Pascal. "Etude du renforcement des sables par des fils continus : modelisation et applications." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2017.
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Modele numerique du materiau texsol, en associant un modele elastoplastique pour le sol (vermeer) et une loi non lineaire integrant les caracteristiques des fils (dosage, orientation, distribution). Developpement de deux logiciels par elements finis: problemes axisymetriques (comparaison a essais triaxiaux) et en deformation plane (murs)
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Filho, Geraldo Dantas Silvestre. "Comportamento mecânico do poliuretano derivado de óleo de mamona reforçado por fibra de carbono: contribuição para o projeto de hastes de implante de quadril." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-19062002-164939/.
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Utilizando-se um poliuretano derivado de óleo de mamona desenvolvido para implantes ósseos, aonde este vem demonstrando ser biocompatível e apresentando características fisico-químicas semelhantes às dos ossos, estuda-se o comportamento mecânico deste material quando reforçado por fibra de carbono, juntamente com uma metodologia de fabricação de hastes de implante de quadril. Avaliou-se o efeito da fração volumétrica em fibra nas propriedades mecânicas do compósito, bem como, a influência da realização de um tratamento superficial da fibra de carbono por método químico, visando melhorar a adesão interfacial fibra/matriz. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos nos corpos de prova em compósitos e nas hastes fabricadas para avaliar a resistência mecânica sob carregamentos quase-estáticos. Também foram realizadas simulações computacionais da haste, juntamente com o dispositivo de ensaio projetado, para comparação com os resultados experimentais. Para isto, utilizou-se o programa ANSYS®, que é um sistema de engenharia auxiliado por computador (Computer Aided Engineering - CAE) e utiliza o Método dos Elementos Finitos como ferramenta de análise estrutural. Resultados satisfatórios foram obtidos nos ensaios mecânicos do poliuretano reforçado por fibra de carbono, viabilizando sua aplicação no projeto de hastes de implante de quadril.The polyurethane derived from castor oil has demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and similarity to the physical and chemical properties of the human bone. In order to use this material in the design of hip implant stems, this work investigates its mechanical behavior when reinforced by carbon fibers. A manufacturing methodology for hip implant stems is also proposed and validated. The effects of fiber volume fraction and superficial treatments on the carbon fibers are evaluated in terms of the mechanical properties of the polyurethane and of the composite. Mechanical tests were performed in the manufactured stems to evaluate the strength under quasi-static loading. Computational simulations of the stem and testing devices were also performed by using the Finite Element Method and the commercial package ANSYS®. The results obtained are quite satisfactory which validates the application of the carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane in hip implant stems.
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Ghouali, Mohamed Amine. "NNouvel outil-d'aide à la conception de formes optimales : analyse de sensibilité analytique locale : principes, validation et applications." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0018.
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Cette thèse fait l'objet du développement d'un outil d'aide a la conception de forme optimale. Il s'agit de la méthode d'analyse de sensibilité analytique locale. Celle-ci consiste à évaluer la sensibilité (dérivée partielle) d'un champ (déplacements, contraintes,. . . ) solution d'un problème aux limites elliptique. Cette sensibilité sera ensuite utilisée pour le calcul du gradient du critère d'optimisation. L'approche analytique de la méthodologie a été d'abord précisée en confrontant celle-ci a une méthode (analytique) d'analyse de sensibilité globale, dans le cas des problèmes de Dirichlet, de Neumann et mixte. Elle a été ensuite confirmée sur un certain nombre d'applications (mécaniques) simples disposant de solutions analytiques. La mise en œuvre numérique de ces dernières applications par la méthode des éléments finis et/ou la méthode des éléments de frontière a été réalisée avec beaucoup de succès. Ce travail se distingue aussi par une étude orientée vers deux applications, a caractère plus général, et dont l'intérêt industriel est considérable. La première application vise l'optimisation du comportement homogénéise des structures composites a renforts unidirectionnels. Pour ce faire, un couplage de l'outil propose a la technique d'homogénéisation a été réalisé en écrivant l'analyse de sensibilité locale des problèmes cellulaires associes au composite. Sa mise en œuvre numérique (lansdru, logiciel d'analyse de sensibilité locale des composites a renforts unidirectionnels implante dans la bibliothèque éléments finis modulef) a conduit a des résultats d'optimisation très intéressants. La seconde application rentre dans le cadre de l'optimisation des gammes de forgeage. En effet, l'analyse de sensibilité locale du problème de forgeage évolutif et fortement non linéaire (comportement viscoplastique, frottement non linéaire, contact bilatéral, contact unilatéral,. . . Etc. ) a été proposée. Les résultats numériques de sensibilité obtenus par lasl, logiciel d'analyse de sensibilité locale implante dans forge2, sont très satisfaisants.
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Bergström, Per. "Modelling Mechanics of Fibre Network using Discrete Element Method." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34640.
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Low-density fibre networks are a fundamental structural framework of everyday hygiene products, such as baby diapers, incontinence and feminine care products, bathroom tissue and kitchen towels. These networks are a random assembly of fibres, loosely bonded and oriented in the plane direction. Designing such a complex network structure for better performance, better use of materials and lower cost is a constant challenge for product designers, requiring in-depth knowledge and understanding of the structure and properties on the particle (fibre) level. This thesis concerns the development of a computational design platform that will generate low-density fibre networks and test their properties, seamlessly, with the aim to deepening the fundamental understanding of the micromechanics of this class of fibre networks. To achieve this goal, we have used a particle-based method, the Discrete Element Method (DEM), to model the fibres and fibre networks. A fibre is modelled as a series of linked beads, so that one can consider both its axial properties (stretching and bending) and transverse properties (shearing,twisting and transverse compression). For manufacturing simulations, we developed the models for depositing fibres to form a fibre network, consolidating the fibre network, compressing to make a 3D-structured network, and creating creping. For testing the end-use performance, we have developed two models and investigated the micromechanics of the fibre network in uniaxial compression in the thickness direction (ZD) and in uniaxial tension in the in-plane direction. In the ZD-uniaxial compression of entangled (unbonded) fibrenetworks, the compression stress exhibits a power-law relationship with density, with a threshold density. During compression, the fibre deformation mode changed from fibre bending to the transverse compression of fibre. Accordingly, the transverse properties of the fibreshad a large impact on the constitutive relation. By considering a realistic value for the transverse fibre property, we were able to predict the valuesof the exponent widely observed in the experimental literature. We havefound that the deviation of the experimental values from those predictions by the earlier theoretical studies is due to the neglect of the transverse fibre property. For tensile properties of bonded networks, we have investigated scaling of network strength with density and fibre–fibre bond strength. The network strength showed beautiful scaling behaviour with both density and bond strength, with exponents 1.88 and 1.08 respectively. The elastic modulus of the network, on the other hand, showed a changing exponent(from 2.16 to 1.69) with density in accordance with previous results in the literature. We have also reconfirmed that, with increasing density, the deformation mode changes from bending to stretching. The predicted results for both elastic modulus and strength agreed very well with experimental data of fibre networks of varying densities reported in the literature. We have developed a computational platform, based on DEM, for accurately modelling a fibre network from its manufacturing process to product properties. This is a tool that allows a versatile design of materials and products used for hygiene products, providing a promising venue for exploring the parameter space of new material and process design.Vid tidpunkten för framläggningen av avhandlingen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 2 och 3 (manuskript).
At the time of the defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 2 and 3 (manuscript).
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Knight, Matthew G. "Numerical modelling of particulate and fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7387.
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This thesis presents research into the micromechanical modelling of composite materials using numerical techniques. Composite materials are generally examined from two points of view: macromechanics and micromechanics, owing to their inherent heterogeneous nature. In this research, the material behaviour is examined on a microscopic scale, as the properties of interest, i.e. strength and toughness, are dependent on local phenomena. In general, the strength and toughness of composite materials are not as well understood as the simpler elastic properties, because in many cases the modes of failure under a given system of external load are not predictable in advance. Previous research in this field has typically involved specially designed experiments, theoretical/statistical studies, or the use of numerical models. In this study, advanced implementations of numerical methods in continuum mechanics, i.e. the boundary element and the finite element methods are employed to gain a greater understanding of composite behaviour. The advantage of using numerical methods, as opposed to experimental studies, is that the geometric and material characteristics can be investigated parametrically, in addition to the reduced time and expense involved. However, to model the complete behaviour of real composites is still not possible, due to the degree of complexity and uncertainty involved in modelling the various mechanisms of damage and failure, etc. and also due to the immense computational cost. Therefore, simplified models must be employed which are limited by their assumptions. For the preliminary studies within this thesis, geometrically simplified models are presented to provide an understanding of the influence of embedding second phase inclusions on the local stress fields, and also to validate the numerical techniques with readily available analytical solutions. These models are then extended to accommodate additional phenomena, such as inclusion interaction, spatial inclusion arrangement, material formulation, i.e. consisting of two- and three-phases of various material properties. The influence of such factors on the local stress concentrations, which play an important role in determining the strength of the composite, is analysed through a series of parametric studies. The localised toughening of composites is also considered through novel investigations into the interaction between a propagating crack with inclusions and microcracks. Through the development of the numerical models a more realistic representation of composite behaviour is achieved, which in tum, provides an improved knowledge of the factors that control strength and toughness. Such information is invaluable to composite material designers, who presently rely heavily on experimental studies to develop composite materials.
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Chambard, Thierry. "Contribution à l'homogénéisation en plasticité pour une répartition aléatoire des hétérogénéités." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10004.
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Ce travail a pour objet l'application a un composite fortement heterogene d'un modele micro-macro variationnel pour les materiaux heterogenes a comportement non lineaire et a repartition aleatoire des heterogeneites. Ce modele, dit modele extremal heterogene, realise, a l'aide d'un parametre d'heterogeneite r, une transition continue entre les deux bornes, inferieure et superieure, de reuss-voigt-hill. Le modele est applique a la recherche du critere de resistance d'un mortier renforce de fibres metalliques (m. F. M. ). Le comportement des materiaux constitutifs est considere rigide-plastique et le calcul s'effectue en contraintes planes. On est amene a definir successivement deux modelisations du m. F. M: (i) une modelisation a fraction volumique, simple a mettre en uvre, et (ii) une modelisation plus complete integrant la forme de la fibre et le comportement a l'interface fibre-mortier. La modelisation (ii) necessite le couplage de la theorie de l'homogeneisation des milieux periodiques et du modele extremal heterogene. Le calcul d'homogeneisation fournit une famille de criteres de resistance du m. F. M. Dependant du parametre d'heterogeneite r. Afin d'obtenir le critere definitif, nous pratiquons le calage d'un calcul numerique (charge limite d'une plaque en traction) sur les essais experimentaux correspondants. Les previsions numeriques sont ensuite comparees a des essais experimentaux de plaques en compression et de poutrelles en flexion
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Fan, Xijun. "Numerical study on some rheological problems of fibre suspensions." School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1096.
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Doctor of philosophy (Ph D)This thesis deals with numerical investigations on some rheological problems of fibre suspensions: the fibre level simulation of non-dilute fibre suspensions in shear flow; the numerical simulation of complex fibre suspension flows and simulating the particle motion in viscoelastic flows. These are challenging problems in rheology. Two numerical approaches were developed for simulating non-dilute fibre suspensions from the fibre level. The first is based on a model that accounts for full hydrodynamic interactions between fibres, which are approximately calculated as a superposition of the long-range and short-range hydrodynamic interactions. The long-range one is approximated by using slender body theory and includes infinite particle interactions. The short-range one is approximated in terms of the normal lubrication forces between close neighbouring fibres. The second is based on a model that accounts only for short-range interactions, which comprise the lubrication forces and normal contact and friction forces. These two methods were applied to simulate the microstructure evolution and rheological properties of non-dilute fibre suspensions. The Brownian configuration method was combined with the highly stable finite element method to simulate the complex flow of fibre suspensions. The method is stable and robust, and can provide both micro and macro information. It does not require any closure approximations in calculating the fibre stress tensor and is more efficient and variance reduction, compared to CONNFFESSITT, for example. The flow of fibre suspensions past a sphere in a tube and the shear induced fibre migration were successfully simulated using this method The completed double layer boundary element method was extended to viscoelastic flow cases. A point-wise solver was developed to solve the constitutive equation point by point and the fixed least square method was employed to interpolate and differentiate data locally. The method avoids volume meshing and only requires the boundary mesh on particle surfaces and data points in the flow domain. A sphere settling in the Oldroyd-B fluid and a prolate spheroid rotating in shear flow of the Oldroyd-B fluid were simulated. Based on the simulated orbit of a prolate spheroid in shear flow, a constitutive model for the weakly viscoelastic fibre suspensions was proposed and its predictions were compared with some available experimental results. All simulated results are in general agreement with experimental and other numerical results reported in literature. This indicates that these numerical methods are useful tools in rheological research.
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Sadek, Mohammad. "Modeling biofibre (hemp) processing using the discrete element method (DEM)." Food & Process Engineering Institute Division of ASABE, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18484.
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The main objective of the research was to understand hemp processing at different stages through numerical simulations. Processing of hemp materials involves breaking the hemp into different sizes of particles and separating those particles into fractions of different sizes. Numerical models were developed using the discrete element method (DEM) to simulate hemp processing using a hammermill and separations of different hemp particles using a 3D vibratory screen-type separator. The models were implemented using a commercial DE code, the Particle Flow Code in Three Dimension (PFC3D). In the models, virtual hemp, hemp fibre and core were defined using clusters of PFC3D basic spherical particles which are connected by the PFC3D parallel bonds. The microproperties (e.g. particle stiffness and friction coefficient, and bond stiffness and strength) of these particles were calibrated. For calibrations, virtual tests were performed using PFC3D for hemp stem, fibre, and core. Those virtual tests included direct shear tests of fibre and core particles, tensile tests of fibre, and compression tests of hemp stems. The microproperties of these particles were calibrated through comparing results from the virtual tests with results from laboratory tests or literature data. Those calibrated particle microproperties were used in the PFC3D models developed for simulating the hammermill for hemp processing and the 3D vibratory separator for particle separation. These two machines were constructed using various PFC3D walls and lines, and had the main features and operational conditions as the real machines. The hammermill model was able to predict the power requirement of hammermill and particle dynamic behaviours (kinetic and strain energies) within the hammermill. The separator model was capable of predicting the separation efficiency of the 3D vibratory separator for separations of different hemp particle mixtures. The behaviour of the models reflected the real behaviour observed experimentally. The model results were reasonably good as compared with literature data and the test results. The models developed have the potential to simulate many other dynamic attributes of hemp particles with the machines. This study has laid a solid foundation for future studies of biomaterial-machine interactions using the DEM.
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Lasota, Tomáš. "Computational Modelling of Mechanical Behaviour of "Elastomer-Steel Fibre" Composite." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234188.
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Tato práce se zabývá výpočtovými simulacemi zkoušek jednoosým tahem a tříbodovým ohybem kompozitního vzorku složeného z elastomerové matrice a ocelových výztužných vláken orientovaných pod různými úhly, jakož i jejich experimentální verifikací. Simulace byly provedeny pomocí dvou různých modelů - bimateriálového a unimateriálového výpočtového modelu. Při použití bimateriálového modelu, který detailně zohledňuje strukturu kompozitu, tzn. pracuje s matricí a jednotlivými vlákny, je zapotřebí vytvořit model každého vlákna obsaženého v kompozitu, což přináší řadu nevýhod (pracná tvorba výpočtového modelu, řádově větší množství elementů potřebných k diskretizaci v MKP systémech a delší výpočetní časy). Na druhé straně v unimateriálovém modelu se nerozlišují jednotlivá vlákna, pracuje se pouze s kompozitem jako celkem tvořeným homogenním materiálem a výztužný účinek vláken je zahrnut v měrné deformační energii. Porovnání experimentů se simulacemi ukázalo, že bimateriálový model je v dobré shodě s experimenty, na rozdíl od unimateriálového modelu, který je schopen poskytnou odpovídající výsledky pouze v případě tahového namáhání. Z tohoto důvodu byl hledán způsob, který by umožnil rozšířit unimateriálový model o ohybovou tuhost výztužných vláken. V roce 2007 Spencer a Soldatos publikovali rozšířený unimateriálový model, který je schopen pracovat nejen s tahovou, ale i ohybovou tuhostí vlákna. Představený obecný model je však založen na Cosseratově teorii kontinua a jeho praktické využití je pro jeho složitost nemožné. Proto byl vytvořen zjednodušený model (částečně podle Spencera a Soldatose) s vlastní navrženou formou měrné deformační energie. Za účelem ověření nového unimateriálového modelu s ohybovou tuhostí vláken byly odvozeny všechny potřebné rovnice a byl napsán vlastní konečno-prvkový řešič. Tento řešič je založen na Cosseratově teorii kontinua a obsahuje zmíněný anizotropní hyperelastický unimateriálový model zahrnující ohybovou tuhost vláken. Vzhledem k tomu, že v případě Cosseratovy teorie jsou při výpočtu potřebné i druhé derivace posuvů, bylo nutné použít tzv. C1 prvky, které mají spojité jak pole posuvů, tak jejich prvních derivací. Nakonec byly provedeny nové simulace s využitím vlastního řešiče, které ukazují, že tuhost vláken lze u nového unimateriálového modelu řídit odpovídající materiálovou konstantou. V závěru práce je pak diskutováno, zda je nový unimateriálový model s ohybovou tuhostí schopen poskytnout stejné výsledky jako model bimateriálový, a to jak při tahovém tak i ohybovém namáhání kompozitního vzorku.
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Kulkarni, Raghav Shrikant. "Characterization of carbon fibers: coefficient of thermal expansion and microstructure." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3073.
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The focus of the research is to develop a consistent and repeatable method to
evaluate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of carbon fibers at high
temperatures. Accurate measurement of the CTE of carbon fibers is essential to
understand and develop optimal processing procedures as well as computational
simulations to predict properties and allowables for fiber-reinforced composites. The
mismatch between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fiber and the matrix has a
profound impact on the development of residual stresses and the subsequent damage
initiation and progression, potentially diminishing the performance of composite
structures.
In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is selected to perform the
experimental work on account of the high resolution and the capability of evaluating
both the longitudinal and transverse CTE. The orthotropy in the CTE is tested by
rotating the fibers through 45° about their axis. The method is validated by testing
standard tungsten filaments of known CTE. Additionally, the microstructure of the fibers
is studied in a field emission scanning electron microscope as well as through selected
area diffraction patterns in a TEM to observe presence of any potential orthotropy. The
pitch based P55 fiber revealed a cylindrically orthotropic microstructure, but the PAN
based IM7 and T1000 fibers did not reveal any orthotropy. Finite element models of
hexagonally arranged IM7 fibers in a 977 epoxy matrix are developed using PATRAN
and analyzed using the commercial FEA code ABAQUS 6.4. The fiber properties were
considered temperature independent where as the matrix properties were varied linearly
with temperature. The lamina properties evaluated from the finite element modeling are
in agreement with the experimental results in literature within 10% in the temperature
range of room temperature to the stress free temperature of the epoxy, however at
cryogenic temperatures the difference is greater. The residual stresses developed during
processing of the composite indicated a potential location for fiber matrix debonding to
be in the matrix dominant regions.
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Sirivedin, Suparerk. "Micromechanics of progressive failure in carbon fibre-reinforced composites using finite element method." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/micromechanics-of-progressive-failure-in-carbon-fibrereinforced-composites-using-finite-element-method(825de9c4-f644-4b2f-b6d1-95569f46c0a5).html.
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Korkees, Feras. "Modelling of water absorption into carbon fibre/epoxy composites." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678568.
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Graziano, Maria. "Updating of Finite Element Models using static and dynamic optical strains with application to damage assessment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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In the recent years, vibration-based structural damage identification has been subject of significant research in structural engineering. The basic idea of vibration-based methods is that damage induces mechanical properties changes that cause anomalies in the dynamic response of the structure, which measures allow to localize damage and its extension. Vibration measured data, such as frequencies and mode shapes, can be used in the Finite Element Model Updating in order to adjust structural parameters sensible at damage (e.g. Young’s Modulus). The novel aspect of this thesis is the introduction into the objective function of accurate measures of strains mode shapes, evaluated through FBG sensors.
After a review of the relevant literature, the case of study, i.e. an irregular prestressed concrete beam destined for roofing of industrial structures, will be presented. The mathematical model was built through FE models, studying static and dynamic behaviour of the element.
Another analytical model was developed, based on the ‘Ritz method’, in order to investigate the possible interaction between the RC beam and the steel supporting table used for testing.
Experimental data, recorded through the contemporary use of different measurement techniques (optical fibers, accelerometers, LVDTs) were compared whit theoretical data, allowing to detect the best model, for which have been outlined the settings for the updating procedure.