Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fiabilité des systèmes mécaniques'
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Karmi, Bilel. "Fiabilité et optimisation des systèmes mécaniques : applications aux éoliennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH12.
Full textThe dynamic behavior of mechanical systems is crucial in industry to avoid instability and vibrations, ensuring the reliability and durability of equipment. The inherent complexity and uncertainties make precise modeling challenging, but incorporating these uncertainties is essential to strengthen system robustness. Approaches such as Monte Carlo simulation are used to account for these uncertainties, particularly in specific areas like gear transmissions, where uncertain parameters can significantly impact dynamic behavior. In summary, understanding and managing uncertainties in the design of mechanical systems contributes to improving their performance and reliability in various operational environments.Furthermore, a thorough understanding of mechanical dynamics allows anticipating weak areas and minimizing failure risks, essential for ensuring the safety and performance of industrial equipment. Engineers must take a proactive approach to address challenges in designing reliable mechanical systems, considering uncertainties related to factors such as friction forces, gear stiffness, and changing environmental conditions. Stochastic modeling, such as Monte Carlo simulation, provides valuable tools to assess and mitigate risks associated with these uncertainties, thereby ensuring more robust design and better performance of mechanical systems in diverse operating conditions
Fall, Hamed. "Sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes mécaniques actifs." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2003.
Full textThis thesis concerns the dependability of active dynamical mechanical systems, analyses the behaviour of these systems after parametric variations due to their uncertainties and after actuator and sensor breakdowns. Chapter 1 addresses the principles of evaluation of reliability, and the tools needed for the treatment of parametric uncertainties by probabilistic approaches. Chapter 2 describes the principle of active control, as well as the methods (LQG, LQR, LQE) implemented in the regulator and observer design process. This controller implements a reduced modal of the structure and its gain and filter characteristics will remain unchanged while nominal parameters change. It is designed to control the vibrations of a structure, which number of vibration modes is higher than that considered within the controller. The corresponding theory is detailed in chapter 3. In the chapter 4 and 5, we apply those theories to an aluminium panel. The importance of using the design of experiments method was shown. Implementing this method also makes it possible to define a study field where the system will remain stable within the variation range of the parameters. This method proved to be a necessary step for the treatment of parametric uncertainties by probabilistic approaches (FORM/SORM) in the case of active mechanical systems. Chapter 6 addresses the study of the influence of sensor and actuator breakdowns on the performance and the stability of the controlled system. This work has permitted to connect design methods of active mechanical systems and probabilistic approaches in the case of continuous structures
Hähnel, Anthony. "Approche mécano-probabiliste système en conception pour la fiabilité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21727.
Full textRojas, Jhojan Enrique. "Méthodologie d’analyse de fiabilité basée sur des techniques heuristiques d’optimisation et modèles sans maillage : applications aux systèmes mécaniques." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0003/document.
Full textStructural Engineering designs must be adapted to satisfy performance criteria such as safety, functionality, durability and so on, generally established in pre-design phase. Traditionally, engineering designs use deterministic information about dimensions, material properties and external loads. However, the structural behaviour of the complex models needs to take into account different kinds and levels of uncertainties. In this sense, this analysis has to be made preferably in terms of probabilities since the estimate the probability of failure is crucial in Structural Engineering. Hence, reliability is the probability related to the perfect operation of a structural system throughout its functional lifetime; considering normal operation conditions. A major interest of reliability analysis is to find the best compromise between cost and safety. Aiming to eliminate main difficulties of traditional reliability methods such as First and Second Order Reliability Method (FORM and SORM, respectively) this work proposes the so-called Heuristic-based Reliability Method (HBRM). The heuristic optimization techniques used in this method are: Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization. The HBRM does not require initial guess of design solution because it’s based on multidirectional research. Moreover, HBRM doesn’t need to compute the partial derivatives of the limit state function with respect to the random variables. The evaluation of these functions is carried out using analytical, semi analytical and numerical models. To this purpose were carried out the following approaches: Ritz method (using MATLAB®), finite element method (through MATLAB® and ANSYS®) and Element-free Galerkin method (via MATLAB®). The combination of these reliability analyses, optimization procedures and modelling methods configures the design based reliability methodology proposed in this work. The previously cited numerical tools were used to evaluate its advantages and disadvantages for specific applications and to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of this alternative approach. Good agreement was observed between the results of bi and three-dimensional applications in statics, stability and dynamics. These numerical examples explore explicit and implicit multi limit state functions for several random variables. Deterministic validation and stochastic analyses lied to Muscolino perturbation method give the bases for reliability analysis in 2-D and 3-D fluidstructure interaction problems. This methodology is applied to an industrial structure lied to a modal synthesis. The results of laminated composite plates modelled by the EFG method are compared with their counterparts obtained by finite elements. Finally, an extension in reliability based design optimization is proposed using the optimal safety factors method. Therefore, numerical applications that perform weight minimization while taking into account a target reliability index using mesh-based and meshless models are proposed
Os projectos de Engenharia Estrutural devem se adaptar a critérios de desempenho, segurança, funcionalidade, durabilidade e outros, estabelecidos na fase de anteprojeto. Tradicionalmente, os projectos utilizam informações de natureza deterministica nas dimensões, propriedades dos materiais e carregamentos externos. No entanto, a modelagem de sistemas complexos implica o tratamento de diferentes tipos e níveis de incertezas. Neste sentido, a previsão do comportamento deve preferivelmente ser realizada em termos de probabilidades dado que a estimativa da probabilidade de sucesso de um critério é uma necessidade primária na Engenharia Estrutural. Assim, a confiabilidade é a probabilidade relacionada à perfeita operação de um sistema estrutural durante um determinado tempo em condições normais de operação. O principal objetivo desta análise é encontrar o melhor compromisso entre custo e segurança. Visando a paliar as principais desvantagens dos métodos tradicionais FORM e SORM (First and Second Order Reliability Method), esta tese propõe um método de análise de confiabilidade baseado em técnicas de optimização heurísticas denominado HBRM (Heuristic-based Reliability Method). Os métodos heurísticos de otimização utilizados por este método são: Algoritmos Genéticos (Genetic Algorithms), Optimização por Bandos Particulares (Particle Swarm Optimisation) e Optimização por Colónia de Formigas (Ant Colony Optimization). O método HBRM não requer de uma estimativa inicial da solução e opera de acordo com o princípio de busca multidirecional, sem efetuar o cálculo de derivadas parciais da função de estado limite em relação às variáveis aleatórias. A avaliação das funções de estado limite é realizada utilizando modelos analíticos, semi analíticos e numéricos. Com este fim, a implementação do método de Ritz (via MATLAB®), o método dos elementos terminados (via MATLAB® e ANSYS®) e o método sem malha de Galerkin (Element-free Galerkin via MATLAB®) foi necessária. A combinação da análise de confiabilidade, os métodos de optimização e métodos de modelagem, acima mencionados, configura a metodologia de projeto proposta nesta tese. A utilização de diferentes métodos de modelagem e de otimização teve por objetivo destacar as suas vantagens e desvantagens em aplicações específicas, assim como demonstrar a aplicabilidade e a robustez da metodologia de análise de confiabilidade utilizando estas técnicas numéricas. Isto foi possível graças aos bons resultados encontrados na maior parte das aplicações. As aplicações foram uni, bi e tridimensionais em estática, estabilidade e dinâmica de estruturas, as quais exploram a avaliação explícita e implícita de funções de estado limite de várias variáveis aleatórias. Procedimentos de validação déterministica e de análises estocásticas, aplicando o método de perturbação de Muscolino, fornecem as bases da análise de confiabilidade nas aplicações de problemas de iteração fluído-estrutura bi e tridimensionais. A metodologia é testada com uma estrutura industrial. Resultados de aplicações bidimensionais em estratificados compostos, modelados pelo método EFG são comparados com os obtidos por elementos finitos. No fim da tese, uma extensão da metodologia à optimização baseada em confiabilidade é proposta aplicando o método dos factores óptimos de segurança. Finalmente são apresentadas as aplicações para a minimização do peso em sistemas modelados pelo método de EF e o método EFG que exigem um índice de confiabilidade alvo
Duong, Quynh Huong. "Conception, caractérisation et modélisation : contribution à la fiabilité de micro-commutateurs RF MEMS." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10166.
Full textBuchaillot, Lionel. "Contribution à l'introduction de concepts mécaniques dans les Micro et Nano Systèmes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087273.
Full textDans la suite de cette introduction, quelques précisions sont données sur la terminologie de notre domaine de recherche, puis un bref historique retrace le développement de la recherche sur les microsystèmes dans le monde et en France.
Outre cette introduction, ce rapport se compose principalement de trois chapitres. Le premier, consacré aux micro-actionneurs, présente une partie des travaux effectués sur des études conceptuelles exploitant le potentiel de différents modes d'actionnement : transition de phase; électrostatique et thermique.
Le second chapitre décrit les activités de recherche effectuées dans le thème applicatif des microsystèmes pour les télécommunications. Il s'agit de travaux soutenus par de nombreux contrats de recherche nationaux ou européens. Deux composants en particulier ont été étudiés par trois doctorants. Emmanuel Quévy a étudié des résonateurs électromécaniques destinés à une application de filtrage dans la gamme intermédiaire de fréquence de la téléphonie mobile. Vincent Agache a étudié des résonateurs dont les fréquences propres se situent au voisinage du GHz. Les premières recherches effectuées à l'IEMN sur des microcommutateurs pour les signaux hyperfréquences sont également présentées
Le troisième chapitre est dédié aux résultats obtenus par Olivier Millet sur l'évolution de la raideur de microstructures soumises à un chargement cyclique. Il s'agit d'une partie de l'étude transversale des mécanismes de défaillance des microsystèmes destinée à la modélisation du phénomène de fatigue dans les microstructures.
Enfin, quelques perspectives de recherche impliquant les micro-actionneurs dans les microsystèmes seront présentées, suivies d'une conclusion
Dumas, Antoine. "Développement de méthodes probabilistes pour l'analyse des tolérances des systèmes mécaniques sur-contraints." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0054/document.
Full textTolerance analysis of mechanism aims at evaluating product quality during its design stage. Technique consists in computing a defect probability of mechanisms in large series production. An assembly condition and a functional condition are checked. Current method mixes a Monte Carlo simulation and an optimization algorithm which is too much time consuming. The objective of this thesis is to develop new efficient method based on probabilistic approach to deal with the tolerance analysis of overconstrained mechanism. First, a linearization procedure is proposed to simplify the optimization algorithm step. The impact of such a procedure on the probability accuracy is studied. To overcome this issue, iterative procedures are proposed to deal with the assembly problem. They enable to compute accurate defect probabilities in a reduced computing time. Besides, a new resolution method based on the system reliability method FORM (First Order Reliability Method) for systems was developed for the functional problem. In order to apply this method, a new system formulation of the tolerance analysis problem is elaborated. Formulation splits up the overconstrained mechanism into several isoconstrained configurations. The goal is to consider only the main configurations which lead to a failure situation. The proposed method greatly reduces the computing time allowing getting result within minutes. Low probabilities can also be reached and the order of magnitude does not influence the computing time
Quirant, Jérôme. "Systèmes de tenségrité et autocontrainte : qualification, sensibilité et incidence sur le comportement." Montpellier 2, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174699.
Full textSohoin, Koffisse rodrigue. "Définition d’une méthodologie d’estimation de fiabilité et de qualification de systèmes mécanique en phase de développement." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0001.
Full textIn order to guarantee performance under customer conditions, reliability estimation is essential in all phases of product development. This task can be long and costly in the absence of an optimized approach, especially in a context where products are various. The work of this thesis is part of an optimization of the procedure of estimation and qualification of reliability during the development phases of mechanical subassemblies developed by FAURECIA company. To obtain a realistic estimate at the design phase, the proposed methodology incorporates the existing data (RETEX) on reference products in the predictive reliability estimation of new designs, the latter being traditionally carried out using numerical structural reliability methods. The integration of RETEX is performed by two proposed approaches. One using a similarity factor between experimental and numerical reliability, and the other using a time transfer function between experimental and numerical reliability. The proposed methodology allows building a better predictive reliability function, for a new design at the earliest stage of the development process, even before the prototype manufacturing phase. This makes it possible to anticipate the performance of the new product in order to make modifications if necessary, or to build prior information that will be important in a Bayesian reliability qualification plan optimization for the new product
El, Jouaïdi Omar. "Modélisation et caractérisation de dispositifs MEMS de puissance pour des applications hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10026.
Full textThis thesis is part of the NANOCOM project. The first axis of project NANOCOM is to develop a new approach for the future generation of intelligent systems, by introducing a nanostructured dielectric into the capacitive MEMS to improve reliability by an order of magnitude. The second axis is to improve the thermal performances of the device and to increase the power handling. The first chapter presents the state of the art of reliable power RF MEMS switches. The purpose of the various configurations of switches is exposed as well as the reliability of the switches. The second chapter presents a 3D multi-physics modeling method for RF MEMS switches to simulate the mechanical performances and high frequencies behavior. In the third chapter, all the stages to conceive a new architecture of reliable power switches are described. We use the 3D simulations software to compare performances of various architectures, ending by a complete simulation, manufacturing and measurements of the final selected architecture
Collong, Sophie. "Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Full textThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Kadry, Seifedine. "Couplage éléments finis et méthode de transformation probaliste." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717847.
Full textDelaux, David. "L'ingénierie de fiabilité dans le cycle de vie des systèmes mécatroniques automobiles Synthesis and validation of accelerated vibration durability tests Validation de la fiabilité des modules de refroidissement moteur par une personnalisation des essais vibratoire, choc thermique et pression cyclée Highly accelerated testing." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR10.
Full textThis research proposes new tools for designers of automotive mechatronic systems. These new methods are linked with the Product Life Cycle which can be described by: Predictive Reliability, Experimental Reliability and Operational Reliability. Three problematics are exposed : 1. How can we judge the severity of a failure observed in aggraved test HALT? An equivalent fatigue damage approach is used and realized on concrete case of converter/inverter. 2. How can we take into account the variability of the material and the environment in the Arrhenius’ model ? Three statistical models are built and used on a mechatronic sensor in climatic test. 3. Thanks Financial data of warranty cost, how can we estimate the system reliability performance ? Two new probabilistic models are introduced and applied on concrete warranty returns
Conseil, François. "Simulation, conception et réalisation d'un commutateur en technologie microsystème pour dispositifs logiques sécuritaires." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Conseil.pdf.
Full textSoro, Wassy Isaac. "Modélisation et optimisation des performances et de la maintenance des systèmes multi-états." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27614/27614.pdf.
Full textMillet, Olivier. "Vers une compréhension des mécanismes de défaillance des dispositifs microsystèmes." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-223.pdf.
Full textAbid, Fatma. "Contribution à la robustesse et à l'optimisation fiabiliste des structures Uncertainty of shape memory alloy micro-actuator using generalized polynomial chaos methodUncertainty of shape memory alloy micro-actuator using generalized polynomial chaos method Numerical modeling of shape memory alloy problem in presence of perturbation : application to Cu-Al-Zn-Mn specimen An approach for the reliability-based design optimization of shape memory alloy structure Surrogate models for uncertainty analysis of micro-actuator." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR24.
Full textThe design of economic system leads to many advances in the fields of modeling and optimization, allowing the analysis of structures more and more complex. However, optimized designs can suffer from uncertain parameters that may not meet certain reliability criteria. To ensure the proper functioning of the structure, it is important to consider uncertainty study is called the reliability analysis. The integration of reliability analysis in optimization problems is a new discipline introducing reliability criteria in the search for the optimal configuration of structures, this is the domain of reliability optimization (RBDO). This RBDO methodology aims to consider the propagation of uncertainties in the mechanical performance by relying on a probabilistic modeling of input parameter fluctuations. In this context, this thesis focuses on a robust analysis and a reliability optimization of complex mechanical problems. It is important to consider the uncertain parameters of the system to ensure a robust design. The objective of the RBDO method is to design a structure in order to establish a good compromise between the cost and the reliability assurance. As a result, several methods, such as the hybrid method and the optimum safety factor method, have been developed to achieve this goal. To address the complexity of complex mechanical problems with uncertain parameters, methodologies specific to this issue, such as meta-modeling methods, have been developed to build a mechanical substitution model, which at the same time satisfies the efficiency and the precision of the model
Sadat, Al Hosseini Reza. "Ant Colony for Optimization of Imperfect Preventive Maintenance for Multi-State Systems." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24107/24107.pdf.
Full textVoiculescu, Sorin. "Fiabilité des systèmes embarqués." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468219.
Full textJalabert, Laurent. "Ingénierie de grille pour application à la micro-électronique MOS sub-micronique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142309.
Full textBouzera, Amel. "Fiabilité de la connectique sous sollicitations de vibrations mécaniques." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S026.
Full textConnectors used in the automotive industry are subjected to vibrations that lead to repetitive micro-sliding and thus to significant electrical and mechanical damage. In our study, a new method to analyse this phenomenon, known as fretting, has been developed in order to understand complex practical conditions. Our study consisted initially in the implementation of an experimental simulator that creates micro-displacements (<10µm) in order to evaluate their consequences for the electrical contact. This simulator allows the minimum fretting amplitude and the seizing conditions to be determined. The transition between the partial slip and the gross slip defines the transition between a finite and an infinite electrical resistance. Experiments were also undertaken in parallel in order to characterize the influence of the vibrations of cables on the mechanical and electric behaviour of connectors. Finally, the influences of the state of the materials, the contact force, the vibration amplitude, the number of vibration cycles, the temperature and the cable on the fretting phenomenon and the subsequent deterioration of the electrical properties of the connector were examined
Clavier, Martine. "Stabilisation de systèmes bilinéaires et de systèmes mécaniques." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Clavier.Martine.SMZ9537.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is constituted od two independent parts. The first part is devoted to the feedback stabilization of planar bilinear systems, with a precise description of the closed - loop system from both points of view of phase portrait and convergence rate. The main idea is to adapt the principle of Kalman'spoles assignement for linear systems, to bilinear case under an appropriate assumption. We get a homogeneous system of degree one, formally alike to a classical linear system (with a constant matrix), but whose matrix depends on the state. Fixing the spectrum of this matrix provides a homogeneous feedback of degree zero. Whatever the chosenfixed spectrum may be (two complex conjugate numbers, or two real numbers), we observe a strong similarity of the phase portrait with the one of linear system with the same spectrum, up to a "splitting into two" of the eigendirections for the real case ; in both cases, we get a uniform exponential overestimation of the state norm that is quite identical to the one of the linear case. Endly we deal with the same problem by use of feedbacks laws, that are constant on angular sectors. The second part is devoted to the stabilization, via an observer giving an estimate of the velocity, of a rigid manipulator
Le, Riche Rodolphe. "Optimisation globale de systèmes mécaniques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476005.
Full textZahalca, Cristina-Anca. "Fiabilité de systèmes en environnement aléatoire stressant." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0140.
Full textSingh, Neeraj Kumar. "Fiabilité et sûreté des systèmes informatiques critiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10129/document.
Full textSoftware systems are pervasive in all walks of our life and have become an essential part of our daily life. Information technology is one major area, which provides powerful and adaptable opportunities for innovation, and it seems boundless. However, systems developed using computer-based logic have produced disappointing results. According to stakeholders, they are unreliable, at times dangerous, and fail to provide the desired outcomes. Most significant reasons of system failures are the poor development practices for system development. This is due to the complex nature of modern software and lack of adequate and proper understanding. Software development provides a framework for simplifying the complex system to get a better understanding and to develop the higher fidelity quality systems at lower cost. Highly embedded critical systems, in areas such as automation, medical surveillance, avionics, etc., are susceptible to errors, which can lead to grave consequences in case of failures. This thesis intends to contribute to further the use of formal techniques for the development computing systems with high integrity. Specifically, it addresses that formal methods are not well integrated into established critical systems development processes by defining a new development life-cycle, and a set of associated techniques and tools to develop highly critical systems using formal techniques from requirements analysis to automatic source code generation using several intermediate layers with rigorous safety assessment approach. The approach has been realised using the Event-B formalism. This thesis has mainly two parts: techniques and tools and case studies. The techniques and tools section consists of development life-cycle methodology, a framework for real-time animator, refinement chart, a set of automatic code generation tools and formal logic based heart model for close loop modeling. New development methodology, and a set of associated techniques and tools are used for developing the critical systems from requirements analysis to code implementation, where verification and validation tasks are used as intermediate layers for providing a correct formal model with desired system behavior at the concrete level. Introducing new tools help to verify desired properties, which are hidden at the early stage of the system development. We also critically evaluate the proposed development methodology and developed techniques and tools through case studies in the medical and automotive domains. In addition, the thesis work tries to address the formal representation of medical protocols, which is useful for improving the existing medical protocols. We have fully formalised a real-world medical protocol (ECG interpretation) to analyse whether the formalisation complies with certain medically relevant protocol properties. The formal verification process has discovered a number of anomalies in the existing protocols. We have also discovered a hierarchical structure for the ECG interpretation efficiently that helps to find a set of conditions that can be very helpful to diagnose particular disease at the early stage. The main objective of the developed formalism is to test correctness and consistency of the medical protocol
Singh, Neeraj Kumar. "Fiabilité et sûreté des systèmes informatiques critiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10129.
Full textSoftware systems are pervasive in all walks of our life and have become an essential part of our daily life. Information technology is one major area, which provides powerful and adaptable opportunities for innovation, and it seems boundless. However, systems developed using computer-based logic have produced disappointing results. According to stakeholders, they are unreliable, at times dangerous, and fail to provide the desired outcomes. Most significant reasons of system failures are the poor development practices for system development. This is due to the complex nature of modern software and lack of adequate and proper understanding. Software development provides a framework for simplifying the complex system to get a better understanding and to develop the higher fidelity quality systems at lower cost. Highly embedded critical systems, in areas such as automation, medical surveillance, avionics, etc., are susceptible to errors, which can lead to grave consequences in case of failures. This thesis intends to contribute to further the use of formal techniques for the development computing systems with high integrity. Specifically, it addresses that formal methods are not well integrated into established critical systems development processes by defining a new development life-cycle, and a set of associated techniques and tools to develop highly critical systems using formal techniques from requirements analysis to automatic source code generation using several intermediate layers with rigorous safety assessment approach. The approach has been realised using the Event-B formalism. This thesis has mainly two parts: techniques and tools and case studies. The techniques and tools section consists of development life-cycle methodology, a framework for real-time animator, refinement chart, a set of automatic code generation tools and formal logic based heart model for close loop modeling. New development methodology, and a set of associated techniques and tools are used for developing the critical systems from requirements analysis to code implementation, where verification and validation tasks are used as intermediate layers for providing a correct formal model with desired system behavior at the concrete level. Introducing new tools help to verify desired properties, which are hidden at the early stage of the system development. We also critically evaluate the proposed development methodology and developed techniques and tools through case studies in the medical and automotive domains. In addition, the thesis work tries to address the formal representation of medical protocols, which is useful for improving the existing medical protocols. We have fully formalised a real-world medical protocol (ECG interpretation) to analyse whether the formalisation complies with certain medically relevant protocol properties. The formal verification process has discovered a number of anomalies in the existing protocols. We have also discovered a hierarchical structure for the ECG interpretation efficiently that helps to find a set of conditions that can be very helpful to diagnose particular disease at the early stage. The main objective of the developed formalism is to test correctness and consistency of the medical protocol
El, Assoudi Abdellatif. "Observation et commande des systèmes mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10039.
Full textTombuyses, Béatrice. "Modélisation markovienne en fiabilité: réduction des grands systèmes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212700.
Full textLa première partie de cette thèse concerne Ia modélisation d'installations industrielles et la construction de la matrice de transition. Le but poursuivi est le développement d'un code markovien permettant une description réaliste et aisée du système. Le système est décrit en termes de composants multiétats :pompes, vannes .
La définition d'une série de règles types permet l'introduction de dépendances entre composants. Grâce à la modélisation standardisée du système, un algorithme permettant la construction automatique de la matrice de transition est développé. L'introduction d'opérations de maintenance ou d'information est également présentée.
La seconde partie s'intéresse aux techniques de réduction de la taille de la matrice, afin de rendre possible le traitement de grosses installations. En effet, le nombre d'états croit exponentiellement avec le nombre de composants, ce qui limite habituellement les installations analysables à une dizaine de composants. Les techniques classiques de réduction sont passées en revue :
accessibilité des états,
séparation des groupes de composants indépendants,
symétrie et agrégation exacte des états (cfr Papazoglou). Il faut adapter la notion de symétrie des composants en tenant compte des dépendances pouvant exister entre composants.
Une méthode d'agrégation approchée pour le calcul de la fiabilité et de la disponibilité de groupes de composants à deux états est développée.
La troisième partie de la thèse contient une approche originale pour l'utilisation de la méthode markovienne. Il s'agit du développement d'une technique de réduction basée sur le graphe d'influence des composants. Un graphe d'influence des composants est construit à partir des dépendances existant entre composants. Sur base de ce graphe, un système markovien non homogène est construit, décrivant de manière approchée le comportement du système exact. Les résultats obtenus sur divers exemples sont très bons.
Une quatrième partie de cette thèse s'intéresse aux problèmes numériques liés à l'intégration du système différentiel du problème markovien. Ces problèmes résultent principalement du caractère stiff du système. Différentes méthodes classiques sont implantées pour l'intégration du système différentiel. Elles sont testées sur un exemple type de problème de fiabilité.
Pour finir, on trouve la présentation du code CAMERA dans lequel ont été implantées les différentes techniques présentées ci-dessus.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ville, Fabrice. "Analyse du Comportement des Systèmes Mécaniques Lubrifiés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936355.
Full textArrouf, Mhamed. "Optimisation multicritère appliquée aux systèmes mécaniques adaptatifs." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2007.
Full textThe aim of this work is to extend multi-criterion optimisation methods to active structure design, and particularly to the placement of sensors and actuators on a mechanical structure. Adaptive mechanical systems use LQG regulators (Linear Quadratic Gaussien). The main matrices are determined by minimisation of a quadratic criterion and under consideration of some constraints that are used during the iterative process (ex: the use of actuators at the maximum of their possibilities leads to iteratively modify the specific ratio of weight factors). We propose an original strategy for the optimisation of the regulator gain matrix by considering constraints on the actuator control and outputs. Since the problem is an optimisation under constraints, UZAWA algorithm was used to the search of saddle-point. The choice and placement of actuators and sensors are of course made according to the fixed objectives, but it is also leaded by taking into account simple ideas given by an expert system knowledge. Fuzzy logic approach was used to optimise actuators placement. This approach allows the consideration of knowledge given by expert as well as the easy introduction of additional expert rules. Finally, ways to the first sensor placement on the active structure are shown using energetic standards for perturbability and observability. This work was applied to the study of an aluminium panel
De, Grave Arnaud. "Conception intégrée de micro systèmes électro-mécaniques." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0090.
Full textMicro Electro-Mechanical Systems (so called MEMS) are products revelant of new emerging technologies. The influence of technology on the development of these microproducts is prominent. An analysis based on applications and manufacturing processes (manufacturing processes that can be reduction of typical mechanical engineering processes or adaptation of microelectronics VLSI processes) leads to a MEMS caracterisation in the field of microproducts. This caracterisation of the products fundamental features authorize an observation and a description of an actual industrial developpement process. The design process appears to be sequential and requires strong manufacturing knowledge at every time. Some steps of this design process have been found to be not optimized, namely the embodiment phase. Some solutions have been proposed regarding representation modes and knowledge management of both scientific and engineering knowledge objects
Alaoui, Ismaili M'hamed. "Méthodes d'approximation en dynamique stochastique et fiabilité des systèmes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21767.
Full textCimino, Mikael. "Conception de systèmes radiofréquences sous contraintes de fiabilité étendue." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13438.
Full textAssif, Safa. "Fiabilité et optimisation des structures mécaniques à paramètres incertains : application aux cartes électroniques." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950354.
Full textDuhesme, Emmanuel. "Représentation en logique formelle des modèles de systèmes dans les études de fiabilité." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090044.
Full textMorales, Morales Jose Eduardo. "Ondes localisées dans des systèmes mécaniques discrets excitables." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM056/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses localized travelling waves for some classes of nonlinearlattice differential equations describing excitable mechanical systems. Thesesystems correspond to an infinite chain of blocks connected by springs and sliding on a surface in the presence of a nonlinear velocity-dependent friction force. We investigate both the Burridge-Knopoff model (with blocks attached to springs pulled at constant velocity) and a chain of free blocks sliding on an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. For a class of non-monotonic friction functions, both systems display a large response to perturbations above a threshold, one of the main properties of excitable systems. This response induces the propagation of either solitary waves orfronts, depending on the model and parameter regime. We study these localized waves numerically and theoretically for a broad range of friction laws and parameter regimes, which leads to the analysis of nonlinear advance-delay differential equations. Phenomena of propagation failure and oscillations of the travelling wave profile are also investigated. The introduction of a piecewise linear friction function allows one to construct localized waves explicitly in the form of oscillatory integrals and to analyse some of their properties such as shape and wave speed. An existence proof for solitary waves is obtained for the excitable Burridge-Knopoff model in the weak coupling regime
Andréa-Novel, Brigitte d'. "Sur la commande d'une classe de systèmes mécaniques." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0067.
Full textMata, Jiménez Marco Tulio. "Commande de systèmes mécaniques avec du jeu dynamique." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0144.
Full textFantoni-Coichot, Isabelle. "Commande non linéaire des systèmes mécaniques sous-motorisés." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1301.
Full textRakotondrainibe, Lalaina. "Optimisation topologique des liaisons dans les systèmes mécaniques." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX101.
Full textTopology optimization is commonly used for mechanical parts. It usually involves a single part and connections to other parts are assumed to be fixed. This thesis proposes an other approach of topology optimization in which connections are design variables, as well as the structure. We focus on standard long bolt with prestressed state. This connection model is idealized to be enough representative but computationally cheap. The idealized model is complemented with mechanical constraints specific to the bolt.The problem is to optimize concurrently the topology and the geometry of a structure, on the one hand, and the locations and the number of bolts, on the other hand. The elastic structure is represented by a level-set function and is optimized with Hadamard's boundary variation method. The locations are optimized using a parametric gradient-based algorithm. The concept of topological derivative is adapted to add a small idealized bolt at the best location with the optimal orientation, and thus optimizes the number of bolts. This coupled topology optimization (shape and connections) is illustrated with 2d and 3d academic test cases. It is then applied on a simplified industrial test case. The coupling provides more satisfactory performance of a part than shape optimization with fixed connections. The approach presented in this work is therefore one step closer to the optimization of assembled systems
Ferney, Michel. "Simulation dynamique de systèmes mécaniques application au supercross." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2013.
Full textGautier, Guillaume. "Diagnostic vibratoire des systèmes mécaniques par subspace fitting." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a subspace fitting (SF) method is presented for the identification of mechanical parameters and assessment of the health condition of vibrating structures. The SF method attempts to extract, from subspace identification methods (4SID), a system observability matrix of the system and correlate them with a theoretical observability matrix. The originality of this work is to obtain the theoretical observability matrix from a finite element model (EF) of the structure. By adjusting unknown parameters of the FE model, the mechanical properties of the vibrating structure are identified. Computational costs of such a procedure are reduced by considering a model reduction method based on the excitations and sensors location. The method is evaluated for the identification of natural frequencies of a vibrating structure. Numerical and experimental applications are assessed to show the relevance of such an approach. In particular, it is highlighted that the SF method can accurately identify the natural frequencies of a structure to high noise levels
Khennouf, Hayate. "Stabilisation de systèmes mécaniques avec contraintes non holonomes." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0154.
Full textMamao, Gouveia Giovanni. "Identification temporelle d'efforts sur des systèmes multicorps flexibles." St Etienne du Rouvray, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0015.
Full textGarion, Cédric. "Modélisation du materiau et de la structure mécanique et fiabilité de soufflets à paroi mince sous température cryogénique : application au système de compensation du LHC." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22431.
Full textJeong, Jena. "Estimation de la fiabilité de la résistance mécanique du cristal soumis à un choc thermique." Metz, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003METZ019S.
Full textSabourin, Thierry. "Évaluation de la fiabilité du logiciel d'un autocommutateur téléphonique." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT060H.
Full textDelamare, Simon. "Routage pair-à-pair pour la fiabilité des communications." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0027.
Full textThe extended use of IP networks for telecommunication leads to new dependability concerns. Incidents, which hit the network and disturb communications delivery to users, cannot be always prevented. Network recovery mechanisms are used to redirect communications to a non-failing part of the network. This process goal is to be fast enough to keep good delivery of network services to users. In this thesis, we studied a new kind of recovery mechanism based on peer-to-peer routing (also called overlay routing). This system's advantages are that it can be used to recover any kind of IP communications, and to not depend on the network infrastructure. It also allows an end-to-end protection of a communication. Finally, this mechanism is deployed by network users, and thus can be adapted to the dependability needs for each of their communications. We show that our system allows fast communication recovery if users need it. Moreover, its resources consumption are moderated and related to users needs. We think that our system can significantly improve communications dependability when incidents hit the network, particularly if recovery mechanisms deployed by network operators cannot bring the dependability level pursued by a user
Bourgeot, Jean-Matthieu. "Contribution à la commande de systèmes mécaniques non-réguliers." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008133.
Full textGanzhorn, Marc. "Couplage de systèmes magnétiques et mécaniques à échelle moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820247.
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