Journal articles on the topic 'Fetuses'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Fetuses.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Fetuses.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Yousif Mahmood, Mohammad, Nooruldeen Yaseen Khudhair, and Yaseen Mahmood Rasheed. "Heifers and multiparous cows are affected by Dystocia and its implications on the viability of the pregnancy." Bionatura 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.01.82.
Full textAbstract:
Dystocia considers one of the most common obstetrical problems in cattle, especially in heifers; the current study achieved to demonstrate Dystocia's impact on the viability of the fetus in heifers and cows. The study involved 15 multiparous cows aged 3-7 years and 10 heifers; these animals suffered abnormality calving. The study showed Dystocia higher significantly (P≤0.01) in 15 (60%) multiparous cows than 10 (40%) heifers; also, the rate of difficult male birth was greater 7 (70%) than in difficult female birth were 3 (30%) in heifer animals. Heifer had difficult male birth with the anterior presentation of the fetus was 5 (71.42%), higher than with posterior presentation fetus 2 (28.58%). One heifer cow (20%) had difficult male birth with flexion of the elbow joint in the anterior presentation alive fetus, whilst the heifer cows had difficult male birth with flexion of the elbow joint dead fetus were 2 (40%) with significant difference towards dead fetus at(P≤0.01). The number of heifers that had a problematic female birth with anterior presentation and flexion of the shoulder joint of an alive fetus was 1 (33.34%). In contrast, one heifer (33.33%) with a transverse presentation of a female dead fetus and one heifer (33.33%) had difficult female birth with posterior presentation and incomplete extension of hind limbs alive fetuses with a significant difference towards dead fetuses at (P≤0.05). The number of multiparous cows that had difficult male births was 8 (53.34%), and those that had difficult female births were (7) (46.66%). The multiparous cows have difficult male births with anterior and flexion of elbow joints, with a down deviation of head alive fetuses and back head, live fetuses were (37.5%), (12.5%) and (12.5%) respectively, with significant differences among these categories towards alive fetuses at (P≤0.01). The number of multiparous cows had difficult female birth with anterior presentation alive fetus, and uterine inertia was 1 (14.28%), whereas the multiparous cows had difficult female birth with anterior presentation and down deviation of fetus's head was 4 (57.14%) (3 alive fetus+1dead fetuses). With a significant difference among these categories towards live fetuses at (P≤0.01). The study concluded that Dystocia is a severe joint event in cows; the flexion of the elbow joint and head-down deviation in the anterior presentation of the fetus are common types of Dystocia, whilst the more common types of Dystocia are an incomplete extension of hind limbs in the birth canal in the posterior presentation, with variable effects of these types of Dystocia on fetal viability. Keywords: Calving abnormality, Dystocia, Fetal viability, Dairy cows
2
Nuzhat, Ayesha. "Anatomy of Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Fetuses." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5846578.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To analyze Inferior Mesenteric Artery in fetuses through its site of origin, length, diameter, and variation of its branches.Method. 100 fetuses were collected from various hospitals in Warangal at Kakatiya Medical College in Andhra Pradesh, India, and were divided into two groups, group I (second-trimester fetuses) and group II (third-trimester fetuses), followed by dissection.Result.(1) Site of Origin. In group I fetuses, origin of Inferior Mesenteric Artery was at third lumbar vertebra in 33 out of 34 fetuses (97.2%). In one fetus it was at first lumbar vertebra, 2.8%. In all group II fetuses, origin of Inferior Mesenteric Artery was at third lumbar vertebra.(2) Length. In group I fetuses it ranged between 18 and 30 mm, average being 24 mm except in one fetus where it was 48 mm. In group II fetuses the length ranged from 30 to 34 mm, average being 32 mm.(3) Diameter. In group I fetuses it ranged from 0.5 to 1 mm, and in group II fetuses it ranged from 1 to 2 mm, average being 1.5 mm.(4) Branches. Out of 34 fetuses of group I, 4 fetuses showed variation. In one fetus left colic artery was arising from abdominal aorta, 2.9%. In 3 fetuses, Inferior Mesenteric Artery was giving a branch to left kidney, 8.8%. Out of 66 fetuses in group II, 64 had normal branching. In one fetus left renal artery was arising from Inferior Mesenteric Artery, 1.5%, and in another fetus one accessory renal artery was arising from Inferior Mesenteric Artery and entering the lower pole of left kidney.Conclusion. Formation, course, and branching pattern of an artery depend on development and origin of organs to attain the actual adult position.
3
Bessarabov, V. I. "Multiple fetuses in the fetus." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 3 (August 9, 2023): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55308/1560-9510-2023-27-3-226-229.
Full textAbstract:
In the observation, a clinical case "fetus in fetus" in a newborn boy is described. The pathology was revealed before surgery. During the surgery, the second fetus was found in the same place, in retroperitoneal space. The multiplicity of "fetuses in fetus" has not yet been described by anyone yet, though some researchers express their opinion that such pathology is a possible option.
4
Simpson, John M., Robert W. Yates, and Gurleen K. Sharland. "Irregular heart rate in the fetus—not always benign." Cardiology in the Young 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100003206.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryOne hundred-ninety-four fetuses with irregular heart rates were seen over a five-year period at a tertiary center for fetal cardiology. The median gestation at referral was 31 weeks, with a range from 19 to 41 weeks. Of these fetuses, 157 had extrasystoles of either atrial or ventricular origin. Blocked atrial ectopic beats had led to slow ventricular rates (80–110 beats per minute) in 37 fetuses. The structure of the heart was normal in all except two fetuses. Postnatal outcome was known for 165 of the fetuses. Of these, 157 (95%) had an uneventful antenatal and postnatal course. Tachyarrhythmias developed in eight fetuses (5%) in either the prenatal (n=4) or postnatal (n=4) period. Five of 37 fetuses with blocked atrial ectopic beats (13%) developed a tachyarrhythmia. No fetus developed hydrops, and all infants survived. All cases had required treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. The occurrence of an irregular heart rhythm in the fetus, therefore, is not always benign. Fetuses with blocked atrial ectopic beats require particularly close monitoring.
5
Keeling, Jean W., and Inger Kjaer. "Cervical Ribs: Useful Marker of Monosomy X in Fetal Hydrops." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 2, no. 2 (March 1999): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900099.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical ribs were observed in six hydropic fetuses with 45X karyotype. To test the usefulness of this observation in the macerated hydropic fetus where chromosome culture is problematic, a group of 36 hydropic fetuses was examined. Cases were chosen to include fetuses with several karyotypic and pathological abnormalities known to be associated with fetal hydrops. Whole-body anteroposterior radiographs were evaluated without knowledge of the fetal karyotype or pathological findings. Twenty-five fetuses had an abnormal karyotype, seven had a normal karyotype and in four culture failed. In the last group, the number of X, 21 and 18 chromosomes per nucleus was estimated using FISH. Radiographic analysis demonstrated that among the 16 fetuses with 45,X karyotype or a single copy of X and female phenotype, 12 had a pair of cervical ribs. Three other fetuses had a single cervical rib. Only one fetus had no cervical ribs. The last fetus had tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch and persistent mesocolon. Twelve of the sixteen 45,X fetuses had tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch. Seven had other cardiovascular anomalies, five had renal anomalies, and five had anomalies of intestinal rotation. Cervical rib appears to be more common than other frequently recorded associations of 45,X. It is a useful and easily demonstrated mark in the evaluation of the macerated hydropic fetus.
6
Kosheleva, N. G., and L. B. Zubjitskua. "Pregnancy outcomes, immunomorphologic condition of placenta after arv infection of pregnant woman. Prevention. Treatment." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 54, no. 3 (November 1, 2005): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd81944.
Full textAbstract:
53 pregnancy outcomes for fetuses and newborns, immunomorphologic condition of placentae and organs of 29 stillborn fetuses were studied. Antigens of viruses A (H1N1 and H2N2), B, RC, AD were detected in placenta and organs of stillborn fetuses. Fixed immune complex, containing C3 complement and IgM, IgA, IgG, was observed in nearly 100 % in placenta and rather rarely in fetus organs. Virus antigens were the same in placenta and fetus organs.
7
Picchiassi, Elena, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Federica Tarquini, Vittorio Bini, Michela Centra, Luana Pennacchi, Fabiana Galeone, and Giuliana Coata. "The Potential Usefulness of Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Blood for Prenatal Fetal Gender Determination in Multiple Pregnancies." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 2 (March 28, 2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.15.2.143.
Full textAbstract:
We applied a noninvasive prenatal test for the determination of fetal gender in multiple pregnancies by using free fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood in order to evaluate whether the quantification of male DNA could distinguish the fetal gender and the number of male and female fetuses in multiple pregnancies. We enrolled consecutively 44 women with twin pregnancies between 11–14 weeks of gestation. Peripheral maternal blood was collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from maternal plasma and analyzed for the multicopy DYS 14 sequence by using real-time PCR to quantify male DNA. Results showed that male DNA concentration was significantly higher in twin pregnancies with at least one male fetus, compared to twin pregnancies with only female fetuses. Comparing male DNA concentration in pregnancies with two male fetuses versus pregnancies with one female fetus and one male fetus, we did not obtain a significant difference between the two groups due to a slight overlapping of the range values. Therefore, our test correctly predicted fetal gender, distinguishing twin pregnancies with at least one male fetus from twin pregnancies with only female fetuses, with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. For distinguishing pregnancies with two male fetuses from pregnancies with both female and male fetuses, a diagnostic accuracy of 76.1% was achieved.
8
Alverson, Janet, Katherine I. O'Rourke, and Timothy V. Baszler. "PrPSc accumulation in fetal cotyledons of scrapie-resistant lambs is influenced by fetus location in the uterus." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81418-0.
Full textAbstract:
Placentae from scrapie-infected ewes have been shown to accumulate PrPSc when the genotype of the fetus is of a susceptible genotype (VRQ/VRQ, ARQ/VRQ or ARQ/ARQ). Cotyledons from fetuses of genotypes ARR/ARR, ARQ/ARR and ARQ/VRR have previously been shown to be resistant to PrPSc accumulation. By using ewes from a naturally infected scrapie flock, cotyledons from fetuses of multiple births of different genotypes were examined. PrPSc was detected in fetal cotyledons of genotype ARQ/ARQ, but not in cotyledons from their dizygotic twin of genotype ARQ/ARR. This confirms earlier reports of single fetuses of these genotypes, but is the first description of such a finding in twin fetuses, one of each genotype. It is also demonstrated that cotyledons from sibling fetuses of genotypes ARQ/VRQ and ARQ/ARQ have different patterns of PrPSc accumulation depending on whether the dam is of genotype ARQ/ARQ or ARQ/VRQ. Lastly, it is shown that cotyledons from fetuses with resistant genotypes are weakly positive for PrPSc when they have shared the same pregnant uterine horn with a fetus of a susceptible genotype with cotyledons positive for the detection of PrPSc. Additionally, a PCR product for the Sry gene, a product specific to males, was found in cotyledons from female fetuses that had shared a uterine horn with a male fetus. This indicates that some sharing of fetal blood occurs between placentomes and fetuses residing in the same uterine horn, which can result in PrPSc accumulation in cotyledons with resistant genotypes.
9
Nonaka, Kazuaki, Yasunori Sasaki, Yoshihisa Watanabe, Ken-ichi Yanagita, and Minoru Nakata. "Effects of Fetus Weight, Dam Strain, Dam Weight, and Litter Size on the Craniofacial Morphogenesis of CL/Fr Mouse Fetuses Affected with Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 4 (July 1997): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0325_eofwds_2.3.co_2.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study examined the factors related to the morphogenesis of the craniofacial complex of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP based on the findings of a lateral cephalogram. Design: Embryo transfer experiments were performed to determine the effect of the fetus weight, dam strain, dam weight, and litter size on the intra-uterine craniofacial morphogenesis of CL/Fr mouse fetuses. On the 18th gestational day, each pregnant dam that had received CL/Fr mouse embryos was laparotomized to remove the transferred fetuses that had developed in the uteri of the cleft lip and palate (CLP)-susceptible CL/Fr strain dam and the CLP-resistant C57BL strain dam. A cephalometric observation of the craniofacial morphology of each fetus was subsequently performed. Results: Based on a multiple regression analysis, the standardized partial regression coefficients of the affected fetus weight, the dam weight, and the litter size on the maxillary size of the affected CL/Fr fetus were 0.71 (p < .01), 0.03, and −0.07. According to a least-squares analysis of variance, the dam strain effect in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight on the maxillary size and the cranial size of the affected fetuses was significant (p < .01 for cranial size, p < .05 for maxillary size) and close to a significant level (p = .09) for the mandibular size of the affected fetuses. The adjusted maxillary size and cranial size after statistically eliminating the effects of the affected fetus weight, dam weight, and lifter size on each original craniofacial size of the affected fetuses that had developed in the CL/Er dam strain were also significantly smaller than those of the affected fetuses that had developed in the C57BL dam strain. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the craniofacial growth of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP increased in proportion to the fetus weight. The dam strain effect, in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight, could thus not be ignored when the etiology of the spontaneous CLP was examined, while the uterine environment, provided by the CL/Fr strain dam, retarded the intra-uterine craniofacial growth of the affected fetuses. It was therefore concluded that the dam strain effect, as well as the effect of the affected fetus weight, both play an important role on the craniofacial morphogenesis of the CL/Fr strain of the affected fetuses that developed in both strain dams.
10
Lakhdir, Farahaba R., Haiyan Tong, and Charles E. Wood. "Baroreceptor and prostanoid control of fetal renal cortical blood flow and plasma renin activity." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 3 (2001): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00101.
Full textAbstract:
Renal function in the fetus is important for maintenance of fetal fluid and electrolyte balance. This study was performed to test the role of prostaglandins and their interaction with arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the control of renal cortical blood flow during hypotension produced by vena caval obstruction in late-gestation fetal sheep. We studied 18 time-dated, chronically catheterized, fetal sheep (124–136 days gestation). Fetuses were either studied intact (n = 11) or sinoaortic denervated (n = 7), and each fetus was studied twice, with and without pretreatment with indomethacin (0.2 mg kg –1 , i.v.). Each fetus was subjected to hypotension caused by vena caval obstruction for 10 min. Before hypotension, renal cortical blood flow was higher in the vehicle-treated sinoaortic denervated fetuses than in vehicle-treated intact fetuses. The increased renal cortical blood flow observed in the sinoaortic denervated fetuses was counteracted by indomethacin, so that the difference between sinoaortic denervated and intact fetuses was eliminated after indomethacin treatment. Hypotension decreased renal blood flow equally in all groups. Plasma renin activity was increased in response to hypotension in the intact fetuses, but not in the sinoaortic denervated fetuses. Indomethacin treatment, by itself, did not alter plasma renin activity. It is concluded that both arterial baroreceptors and prostanoids influence renal blood flow. Further, renin secretion is influenced by arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors and there is no apparent modulatory effect of prostanoids on the baroreflex control of renin secretion.
11
Wessels, Annasu, Helen C. Wainwright, and Peter Beighton. "Atelosteogenesis Type I: Autopsy Findings." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 14, no. 6 (November 2011): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/11-01-0969-cr.1.
Full textAbstract:
We have documented the clinical, radiologic, and autopsy findings of 2 fetuses with atelosteogenesis type I, aged 22 and 17 weeks. This rare autosomal dominant lethal skeletal dysplasia is caused by mutation in the FNLB gene. The 17-week-old fetus had some features of atelosteogenesis type II, notably “hitchhiker thumbs,” a cleft palate, and midfacial flattening. The histologic demonstration of giant cells in the growth plate cartilage confirmed the diagnosis of atelosteogenesis type I in both fetuses, thereby facilitating accurate prediction of recurrence risks for the parents of the affected fetuses. Autopsy findings included tracheal narrowing and stenosis with pulmonary hypoplasia in both fetuses. Renal microcysts and abnormal branching of the pancreatic duct were also present in 1 of the fetuses, and malrotation of the caecum and retinal dysplasia involving the optic nerve were identified in the other. Postmortem and histologic investigations play an important role in the elucidation of the genetic micromelic skeletal disorders that are lethal in the fetus and neonate.
12
Hudgins, Roger J., Michael S. B. Edwards, Ruth Goldstein, Peter W. Callen, Michael R. Harrison, Roy A. Filly, and Mitchell S. Golbus. "Natural History of Fetal Ventriculomegaly." Pediatrics 82, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.5.692.
Full textAbstract:
The natural history of in utero ventriculomegaly was defined by a retrospective review of the outcome of 47 fetuses evaluated during a 5-year period by the Fetal Treatment Program at the University of California. In 20 fetuses, a diagnosis of ventriculomegaly associated with other severe abnormalities was made early in pregnancy. Termination of pregnancy was elected in 19 of 20 cases, and no fetus survived. In five fetuses, the diagnosis was made late in pregnancy and was associated with severe abnormalities. Fetuses were handled in a routine obstetric fashion and none survived. Of the other 22 fetuses 19 had stable and two had progressive ventriculomegaly; in one case, ventriculomegaly resolved in utero. Nineteen of these fetuses have survived, 13 with normal intellectual development and six with moderately to severely delayed development. Associated abnormalities were detected with ultrasonography in 74% of fetuses; there was a 20% false-negative rate of detection. Ventriculomegaly was isolated and progressive in two fetuses. In both cases, fetuses were delivered at term, and postnatally a shunting procedure was performed. Both children are neurologically normal. From our results and a review of the literature, which supports our findings, we were unable to define a group of fetuses with in utero ventriculomegaly that would benefit from in utero shunting.
13
Thilsted, John P., and J. P. Dubey. "Neosporosis-Like Abortions in a Herd of Dairy Cattle." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 1, no. 3 (July 1989): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063878900100301.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty-nine cows from a 240-cow drylot Holstein dairy in north-central New Mexico aborted over a period of approximately 5 months. Nine aborted fetuses were necropsied, and all but 1 of the fetuses were between 5 and 7 months of gestation. Microscopic examination of fetal tissues revealed focal necrotizing encephalitis and nonsuppurative myocarditis in 7 of the 9 fetuses. Additional lesions observed in some fetuses were focal hepatic necrosis, nonsuppurative myositis, focal necrotizing placentitis, focal nonsuppurative pneumonia, and focal nonsuppurative nephritis. A few groups of Neospora caninum -like protozoan organisms were observed adjacent to necrotic foci in the brain of 2 fetuses and in the kidney of a third fetus. No other cause of abortion was detected.
14
Bayer, L. A., C. Y. Cheung, and R. A. Brace. "Autonomic modulation of ovine fetal responses to atrial natriuretic factor infusion." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 265, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): R596—R601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.3.r596.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine whether the autonomic nervous system modulates the cardiovascular, endocrine, and/or urinary responses to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) infusion in the fetus. We infused ANF intravenously for 30 min into chronically catheterized, late-gestation sheep fetuses with autonomic blockade and compared the responses to those in autonomically intact fetuses. During the infusions, plasma ANF concentration increased similarly in the blocked and intact fetuses. Arterial pressure decreased by 2 mmHg in both groups, but the decrease occurred earlier in the blocked fetuses. Heart rate was significantly decreased by an average of 15 beats/min in the blocked compared with the intact fetuses. Plasma protein concentration decreased in the blocked fetuses compared with a rise in the intact fetuses. In the blocked fetuses, the restoration of blood volume to normal during the postinfusion period occurred earlier. In the blocked animals, low doses of ANF produced a diuresis, whereas high doses did not increase urine flow; the opposite responses occurred in the intact group. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration increased during the infusion only in the blocked animals. The fetal venous pressure, plasma renin activity, and norepinephrine responses were similar in both groups. These data suggest that the autonomic nervous system may play a role in modulating the fetal arterial pressure, heart rate, blood volume, plasma protein concentration, AVP, and urine flow responses to ANF. Thus the autonomic nervous system appears to significantly modulate multiple responses to ANF in the late-gestation ovine fetus.
15
Hiendleder, S., C. Mund, M. Klempt, H. D. Reichenbach, M. Stojkovic, M. Weppert, H. Wenigerkind, M. Elmlinger, F. Lyko, and E. Wolf. "276 IN VITRO FERTILIZATION PROCEDURES AFFECT THE HEPATIC GENOMIC CYTOSINE METHYLATION LEVEL AND THE PHENOTYPE OF BOVINE FETUSES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab276.
Full textAbstract:
Epigenetic perturbations are assumed to be responsible for phenotypic abnormalities of fetuses and offspring originating from in vitro embryo techniques. We studied 29 viable bovine Day 80 fetuses to assess the effects of different in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols on hepatic genomic cytosine methylation levels and on fetal phenotype. Two groups of IVF-fetuses (IVF1, n = 5 and IVF2, n = 10) were compared with control fetuses generated by artificial insemination (AI, n = 14). Both IVF protocols were previously employed to generate live offspring but differed with respect to gonadotropins in the oocyte maturation medium (0.01 units/mL b-FSH and b-LH for IVF1 versus 0.2 units/mL o-FSH for IVF2) and serum concentrations in the embryo culture media (5% estrous cow serum in IVF1 versus 10% estrous cow serum in IVF2). Analysis of variance (General Linear Model Procedure, SPSS for Windows version 12.0; SPSS GmbH Software, Munich, Germany) showed that fetus group significantly affected fetus weight and length (P < 0.01), heart (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) weight, and 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) content of liver DNA (P < 0.001). Comparison of group means (t-test) showed that methylation levels in both groups of IVF fetuses differed significantly from AI controls. We observed hepatic DNA hypomethylation (-15.4% vs. AI control, P < 0.01) in IVF1 fetuses, and hypermethylation (+11.6% vs. AI control, P < 0.001) in IVF2 fetuses, but only IVF2 fetuses showed phenotypic abnormalities. The IVF2 fetuses were significantly heavier (18.6%, P < 0.01) and longer (4.3%, P < 0.05) than AI fetuses, with increased heart (21.8%, P < 0.05) and liver (25%, P < 0.001) weights, and thus displayed an overgrowth phenotype. A clinical-chemical screen of 18 plasma parameters failed to detect abnormalities in IVF1 fetuses but revealed significantly increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (40.8%, P < 0.001) and creatinine (28.5%, P < 0.05) in IVF2 fetuses. Our data indicate that bovine IVF-procedures can induce protocol-specific and persistent changes in hepatic cytosine methylation level with or without obvious concomitant changes in fetal phenotype. This suggests that epigenetic change after bovine IVF could be more widespread than previously thought and highlights the value of epigenetic diagnostic screening.
16
Sanderson, T. P., A. A. Andersen, L. D. Miller, J. J. Andrew, B. H. Janke, D. L. Larson, and K. J. Schwartz. "An Indirect Microimmunofluorescence Test for Detection of Chlamydial Antibodies in Ovine Fetal Fluids." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6, no. 3 (July 1994): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600306.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate an indirect microimmunofluorescence test (IMIF) for detection of Chlamydial antibodies in serum and/or thoracic fluids of aborted ovine fetuses. One hundred eighty-two ovine fetuses, including 64 fetuses from 40 ewes that were experimentally infected with an ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia psittaci at gestation days 90–100, 10 fetuses from 6 normal ewes, and 108 fetuses selected from those received at the Iowa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, were evaluated in this study. Fetuses from experimentally infected ewes were examined 4–60 days after inoculation. The IMIF findings were compared with the results of complement fixation serology for Chlamydiae and concentrations of immunoglobulin (IgG). Chlamydiae-specific antibodies were detected by IMIF in 28 of 38 fetuses infected with C. psittaci. Elevated levels of IgG and IMIF titers ≥ 1:8 were consistent findings in ovine fetuses infected with Chlamydiae for more than 24 days. IgG levels and titers of Chlamydial antibodies increased with maturity of the fetus and duration of Chlamydial infection. Chlamydial antibodies were not detected with the complement fixation test. Fluids from ovine fetuses aborted as a result of other causes also were examined, and IMIF results were negative. The results of this study indicate that the IMIF is a useful and relatively rapid test for identification of Chlamydial antibodies in ovine fetuses.
17
Chang, Yao-Lung, Shuenn-Dyh Chang, An-Shine Chao, Martin Sieber, Chia-Lung Tsai, and Po-Jen Cheng. "Effect of Hypoxia on Glucose Transporter 1 and 3 Gene Expression in Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Growth-Restricted Fetuses." Genes 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050752.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: Glucose is transferred from maternal blood to the fetus by glucose transporters. What is the effect of hypoxia on the gene expression of placenta glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in growth-restricted fetus is interesting. (2) Methods: The gene expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 and the protein expression of HIF-1α were evaluated under nonhypoxic conditions and after 4 and 8 h under hypoxic conditions in placental mesenchymal stem cells derived from monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction. (3) Results: The gene expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 under hypoxia conditions were higher in placental mesenchymal stem cells derived from appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses than in those from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses. However, the protein expression of hypoxia induced factor-1 α (HIF-1α) at hypoxia condition was not lower in placenta mesenchymal stem cells from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses than in placental mesenchymal stem cells from appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses. (4) Conclusions: Hypoxia-induced upregulation of GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression was decreased in placental mesenchymal stem cells from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses but not due to decreased HIF-1α expression. Selective growth-restricted fetuses have less capacity for hypoxia-induced upregulation of placental glucose transport.
18
Chang, Yao-Lung, Shuenn-Dyh Chang, An-Shine Chao, Martin Sieber, Chia-Lung Tsai, and Po-Jen Cheng. "Effect of Hypoxia on Glucose Transporter 1 and 3 Gene Expression in Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Growth-Restricted Fetuses." Genes 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050752.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: Glucose is transferred from maternal blood to the fetus by glucose transporters. What is the effect of hypoxia on the gene expression of placenta glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in growth-restricted fetus is interesting. (2) Methods: The gene expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 and the protein expression of HIF-1α were evaluated under nonhypoxic conditions and after 4 and 8 h under hypoxic conditions in placental mesenchymal stem cells derived from monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction. (3) Results: The gene expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 under hypoxia conditions were higher in placental mesenchymal stem cells derived from appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses than in those from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses. However, the protein expression of hypoxia induced factor-1 α (HIF-1α) at hypoxia condition was not lower in placenta mesenchymal stem cells from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses than in placental mesenchymal stem cells from appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses. (4) Conclusions: Hypoxia-induced upregulation of GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression was decreased in placental mesenchymal stem cells from selective intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses but not due to decreased HIF-1α expression. Selective growth-restricted fetuses have less capacity for hypoxia-induced upregulation of placental glucose transport.
19
Chambers, K. Lindsey. "It’s Complicated: What Our Attitudes toward Pregnancy, Abortion, and Miscarriage Tell Us about the Moral Status of Early Fetuses." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 8 (November 2020): 950–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2020.48.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMany accounts of the morality of abortion assume that early fetuses must all have or lack moral status in virtue of developmental features that they share. Our actual attitudes toward early fetuses don’t reflect this all-or-nothing assumption. If we start with the assumption that our attitudes toward fetuses are accurately tracking their value, then we need an account of fetal moral status that can explain why it is appropriate to love some fetuses but not others. I argue that a fetus can come to have moral claims on persons who have taken up the activity of person-creation.
20
Singh, Prabhpal. "Fetuses, newborns, & parental responsibility." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105592.
Full textAbstract:
I defend a relational account of difference in the moral status between fetuses and newborns. The difference in moral status between a fetus and a newborn is that the newborn baby is the proper object of ‘parental responsibility’ whereas the fetus is not. ‘Parental responsibilities’ are a moral dimension of a ‘parent-child relation’, a relation which newborn babies stand in, but fetuses do not. I defend this relational account by analysing the concepts of ‘parent’ and ‘child’, and conclude that the difference in the moral status between fetuses and newborns means one may claim abortion is morally permissible while also claiming infanticide is not morally permissible, without inconsistency between the two claims.
21
Gardner, D. S., D. A. Giussani, and A. L. Fowden. "Hindlimb glucose and lactate metabolism during umbilical cord compression and acute hypoxemia in the late-gestation ovine fetus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): R954—R964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00438.2002.
Full textAbstract:
The metabolic adaptation of the hindlimb in the fetus to a reversible period of adverse intrauterine conditions and, subsequently, to a further episode of acute hypoxemia has been examined. Sixteen sheep fetuses were chronically instrumented with vascular catheters and transit-time flow probes. In nine of these fetuses, umbilical blood flow was reversibly reduced by 30% from baseline for 3 days (umbilical cord compression), while the remaining fetuses acted as sham-operated, age-matched controls. Acute hypoxemia was subsequently induced in all fetuses by reducing maternal fractional inspired oxygen concentration for 1 h. Paired hindlimb arteriovenous blood samples were taken at appropriate intervals during cord compression and acute hypoxemia, and by using femoral blood flow and the Fick principle, substrate delivery, uptake, and output were calculated. Umbilical cord compression reduced blood oxygen content and delivery to the hindlimb and increased hindlimb oxygen extraction and blood glucose and lactate concentration in the fetus. However, hindlimb glucose and oxygen consumption were unaltered during umbilical cord compression. In contrast, hindlimb oxygen delivery and uptake were significantly reduced in all fetuses during subsequent acute hypoxemia, but glucose extraction, oxygen extraction, and hindlimb lactate output significantly increased in sham-operated control fetuses only. Preexposure of the fetus to a temporary period of adverse intrauterine conditions alters the metabolic response of the fetal hindlimb to subsequent acute stress. Additional data suggest that circulating blood lactate may be derived from sources other than the fetal hindlimb under these circumstances. The lack of hindlimb lactate output during acute hypoxemia in umbilical cord-compressed fetuses, despite a significant fall in oxygen delivery to and uptake by the hindlimb, suggests that the fetal hindlimb may not respire anaerobically after exposure to adverse intrauterine conditions.
22
Nygrén, T., and I. Kojola. "Twinning and fetal sex ratio in moose: effects of maternal age and mass." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-825.
Full textAbstract:
To evaluate hypotheses concerning the effects of maternal characteristics on litter size and offspring sex ratio in a polygynous mammal, we examined how female age and mass affected the number and sex ratio of fetuses in moose (Alces alces). We analysed 420 fetuses collected from 297 females killed in Finland. Females that carried two fetuses were older than females with one fetus, while mass did not affect litter size. Sex ratio was not conclusively linked with maternal quality. The overall lack of difference in the sex ratio (no male bias among fetuses carried by the heaviest females) can be explained by the rather low degree of polygyny and the lack of intense female – female competition for a limited food supply (no female bias among fetuses carried by the heaviest females).
23
Pérez, José, Manuel Quezada, Juana López, Olga Casquet, Miguel A. Sierra, and Juana Martin de las Mulas. "Immunohistochemical Detection of Brucella Abortus Antigens in Tissues from Aborted Bovine Fetuses Using a Commercially Available Polyclonal Antibody." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000104.
Full textAbstract:
A commercially available polyclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohisto-chemical technique were used to detect Brucella abortus antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of lung and liver from 20 aborted bovine fetuses. Thirteen fetuses were obtained from farms with a previous history of brucellosis, and 7 were collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Among the 13 aborted bovine fetuses obtained from farms with a history of brucellosis, immunoreactivity to B. abortus was detected in lung (9 fetuses) and in liver (1 fetus), whereas Brucella was cultured from abomasal contents in 9 fetuses (8 were immunohistochemically positive). In addition, 11 dams of these 13 aborted bovine fetuses had antibodies to Brucella. Brucella abortus was not detected by immunohistochemistry in the 7 aborted bovine fetuses collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Bacteriologic culture and serologic tests were also negative for Brucella. The results of this study revealed that the immunohistochemical technique was sufficiently sensitive for detecting B. abortus antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissues from naturally aborted bovine fetuses. Although additional studies are necessary to rule out cross-reaction of the polyclonal antibody with other microorganisms that cause bovine abortion, this immunohistochemical technique could be a complementary tool to serology and bacteriology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
24
Khmara, Tatiana V., Olena V. Vlasova, Yaroslav O. Bilyk, Mariana I. Kryvchanska, Kateryna V. Vlasova, Yaroslav S. Stravskyy, and Larysa Ya Fedoniuk. "FEATURES OF PRENATAL MORPHOGENESIS AND PECULARITIES OF THE UTRICULUS PROSTATICUS FETAL ANATOMY." Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 51, no. 2 (2023): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/merkur202302105.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: To determine the peculiarities of the structural organization of the utriculus prostaticus (UP) in pre-fetuses and fetuses. Materials and methods: The study of macroscopic features and microscopic peculiarities of the prostate gland and the prostatic part of the urethra was carried out on 46 sections of human pre-fetuses and fetuses aged from 9 weeks to birth (31,0-375,0 mm PCL). The work uses the method of microscopic study of serial histological and topographic-anatomical specimens of the prostate gland, as well as the method of the thin preparation of the prostate part of the urethra in fetuses of different ages and morphometry. Results: In 58,0-66,0 mm PCL fetuses the paramesonephric ducts are reduced, except of their connected caudal part, which is a morphological substrate for the development of the UP. At 72,0-79,0 mm PCL fetuses, cavity is replaced by cellular mass. At the 85,0-120,0 mm PCL fetuses, the UP connects with the lumen of the urethra. The cavity of the UP intensivelly proliferates with cells. In fetuses of 125,0-135,0 mm PCL is presente dense arrangement of glandular elements, which are surrounded by fibrous-muscular membrane. In fetuses of 150,0-160,0 mm PCL, in the caudal direction, the cavity of the UP gradually narrows, it forms invaginations, especially in the middle and lower parts, or is divided into separate, interconnected chambers. In fetuses of 170,0-185,0 mm PCL, UP has elongated-oval or rounded-oval shape. In the caudal direction, the UP is directed ventral to the colliculus seminalis and is located slightly anterior and superior to the ejaculatory ducts. In 8-month-old fetuses, the lumen of the UP is lined with a pseudostratified cubical epithelium, outside of which there is a tunica muscularis. Ejaculatory ducts lined with a two-layer cuboidal epithelium are placed on both sides of the UP. A 270,0 mm PCL fetus has no UP at the apex of the colliculus seminalis. In fetuses 315,0-335,0 mm PCL, the process of cavity formation spreads to new areas of glandular formations of the prostate gland and their final branches. Most of the glandular formations open into the prostatic part of the urethra directly below the UP and the distal parts of the ejaculatory ducts. Microscopic examination of frontal sections of the prostate gland of a fetus with a 360,0 mm PCL revealed a septum in the UP which divides the cavity of the UP into the right and left halves of a round-oval shape. Conclusions: The formation of utriculus prostaticus occurs from the paramesonephric ducts in the 11th week of fetal development. At the beginning of the 4th month of intrauterine development, it gradually decreases in size. From the middle of the 5th month of prenatal development, the utriculus prostaticus lengthens, and starting from the fetus of 7 months, both its length and width increase. At the end of the fetal period, the utriculus prostaticus acquires a round-oval shape, its length increases from 0,5 to 4,3 mm during prenatal ontogeny.
25
Ashworth, Cheryl J., Margaret O. Nwagwu, and Harry J. McArdle. "Genotype and fetal size affect maternal–fetal amino acid status and fetal endocrinology in Large White×Landrace and Meishan pigs." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 2 (2013): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12024.
Full textAbstract:
This study compared maternal plasma amino acid concentrations, placental protein secretion in vitro and fetal body composition and plasma amino acid and hormone concentrations in feto–placental units from the smallest and a normally-sized fetus carried by Large White × Landrace or Meishan gilts on Day 100 of pregnancy. Compared with Large White × Landrace, Meishan placental tissue secreted more protein and Meishan fetuses contained relatively more fat and protein, but less moisture. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, triiodothryonine, thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. In both breeds, fetal cortisol concentrations were inversely related to fetal size, whereas concentrations of IGF-I were higher in average-sized fetuses. Concentrations of 10 amino acids were higher in Large White × Landrace than Meishan gilts, while glutamine concentrations were higher in Meishan gilts. Concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and threonine were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. Average-sized fetuses had higher concentrations of asparagine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine than the smallest fetus. This study revealed novel genotype and fetal size differences in porcine maternal–fetal amino acid status and fetal hormone and metabolite concentrations.
26
Effting, Cristiane, Daniel Jesus de Paula, and Guilhermino Pereira Nunes Junior. "A model for the study of skeletal anomalies in rat fetuses." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47, no. 1 (March 2004): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132004000100005.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to validate a model of skeletal anomalies in rat fetuses by the administration of ketoconazole (80 mg/kg) to pregnant rats during organogenesis. Bones of the head, trunk and anterior and posterior limbs were examined for detection of anomalies. Statistical differences regarding the number of fetuses and postimplantation resorptions, and fetal and placental weight were significant. The frequency of skeletal anomalies in the head, trunk, and anterior and posterior limbs in the ketoconazole-treated group were also significant when compared to the control group. It could be concluded that the model suggested was valid for study of skeletal anomalies and abnormal bones development in rat fetuse, in spite of the loss of fetuses due to resorptions.
27
Lulić Jurjević, Rajka, Tomaž Podnar, and Samo Vesel. "Diagnosis, clinical features, management, and post-natal follow-up of fetal tachycardias." Cardiology in the Young 19, no. 5 (August 18, 2009): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951109990497.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnosis, clinical features, management and post-natal follow-up in consecutive fetuses identified with tachycardia.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive fetuses with tachycardia identified in a single tertiary institution between January, 2001, and December, 2008. We considered several options for management, including no treatment but close surveillance, trans-placental antiarrhythmic therapy in fetuses presenting prior to 36 weeks of gestation, and delivery and treatment as a neonate for fetuses presenting after 36 weeks of gestation. Data was gathered by a review of prenatal and postnatal documentation.ResultsAmong 29 fetuses with tachycardia, 21 had supraventricular tachycardia with 1 to 1 conduction, 4 had atrial flutter, 3 had atrial tachycardia, while the remaining fetus had ventricular tachycardia. Of the group, 8 fetuses (27.6%) were hydropic. Transplacental administration of antiarrhythmic drugs was used in just over half the fetuses, delivery and treatment as a neonate in one-quarter, and no intervention but close surveillance in one-sixth of the case. Twenty-six of 29 fetuses (89.7%) were born alive. Only patients with fetal hydrops suffered mortality, with 37.5% of this group dying, this being statistically significant, with the value of p equal to 0.03, when compared to non-hydropic fetuses. Only 3 patients (11.5%) were receiving antiarrhythmic prophylaxis beyond the first year of life.ConclusionA significant proportion of fetal tachycardias recognized before 36 weeks of gestation can be treated successfully by transplacental administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Fetuses presenting after 36 weeks of gestation can be effectively managed postnatally. The long-term prognosis for fetuses diagnosed with tachycardia is excellent, with the abnormal rhythm resolving spontaneously during the first year of life in most of them.
28
Cheung, C. Y. "Fetal adrenal medulla catecholamine response to hypoxia-direct and neural components." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): R1340—R1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.6.r1340.
Full textAbstract:
In the fetus, the adrenal medullary catecholamine responses to hypoxia are mediated by direct and neural mechanisms. The present study determined the maturation of these responses in unanesthetized ovine fetuses from 109 to 136 days gestation. In intact fetuses at 109-119 days gestation, hypoxia lowered arterial PO2 from 23.4 +/- 0.9 to 9.5 +/- 0.4 mmHg and induced acute increases in plasma norepinephrine (P less than 10(-5)) and epinephrine (P less than 10(-5)) concentrations. Fetuses at 130-136 days gestation showed similar changes in PO2 and plasma catecholamines as in younger fetuses. Blockade of neural input to the adrenal by hexamethonium (25 mg/kg) reduced but did not eliminate the increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in fetuses at 109-119 days gestation, while it completely abolished these responses in fetuses at 130-136 days gestation. These results suggest that in unanesthetized ovine fetuses a direct response of the adrenal medulla to hypoxia is present at 110 days gestation. In contrast, at 130 days gestation the response to hypoxia is entirely neurally mediated. Thus neural innervation to the ovine fetal adrenal medulla matures before 110 days gestation, much earlier than previously reported.
29
Macko, Antoni R., Dustin T. Yates, Xiaochuan Chen, Leslie A. Shelton, Amy C. Kelly, Melissa A. Davis, Leticia E. Camacho, Miranda J. Anderson, and Sean W. Limesand. "Adrenal Demedullation and Oxygen Supplementation Independently Increase Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Concentrations in Fetal Sheep With Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Endocrinology 157, no. 5 (March 3, 2016): 2104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1850.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal glucose and oxygen concentrations are reduced, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations are elevated throughout the final third of gestation. Here we study the effects of chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia on β-cell function in fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced IUGR that is produced by maternal hyperthermia. IUGR and control fetuses underwent a sham (intact) or bilateral adrenal demedullation (AD) surgical procedure at 0.65 gestation. As expected, AD-IUGR fetuses had lower norepinephrine concentrations than intact-IUGR fetuses despite being hypoxemic and hypoglycemic. Placental insufficiency reduced fetal weights, but the severity of IUGR was less with AD. Although basal plasma insulin concentrations were lower in intact-IUGR and AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-controls, glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations were greater in AD-IUGR fetuses compared with intact-IUGR fetuses. Interestingly, AD-controls had lower glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin concentrations than intact-controls, but AD-IUGR and AD-control insulin responses were not different. To investigate chronic hypoxemia in the IUGR fetus, arterial oxygen tension was increased to normal levels by increasing the maternal inspired oxygen fraction. Oxygenation of IUGR fetuses enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations 3.3-fold in intact-IUGR and 1.7-fold in AD-IUGR fetuses but did not lower norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Together these findings show that chronic hypoxemia and hypercatecholaminemia have distinct but complementary roles in the suppression of β-cell responsiveness in IUGR fetuses.
30
Struthers, Jason D., Ailam Lim, Sylvia Ferguson, Jung Keun Lee, Clemence Chako, Ogi Okwumabua, Matthew Cuneo, Anabell Montiel-Del Valle, and Alexandra Brower. "Meningoencephalitis, Vasculitis, and Abortions Caused by Chlamydia pecorum in a Herd of Cattle." Veterinary Pathology 58, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820985288.
Full textAbstract:
A cow dairy ( n = 2000) in close proximity to a sheep flock had third-trimester abortions and fatalities in cows and calves over a 14-month period. Eighteen of 33 aborted fetuses (55%) had multifocal random suppurative or mononuclear meningoencephalitis with vasculitis. Seventeen of these affected fetuses had intracytoplasmic bacteria in endothelial cells, and 1 fetus with pericarditis had similar bacteria within mesothelial cells or macrophages. Immunohistochemistry for Chlamydia spp. or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydia pecorum or both, performed on brain or pooled tissue, were positive in all 14 tested fetuses that had meningoencephalitis and in 4/4 calves and in 3/4 tested cows that had meningoencephalitis and thrombotic vasculitis. In 1 calf and 11/11 fetuses, C. pecorum PCR amplicon sequences were 100% homologous to published C. pecorum sequences. Enzootic chlamydiosis due to C. pecorum was the identified cause of the late term abortions and the vasculitis and meningoencephalitis in fetuses, calves, and cows. C. pecorum, an uncommon bovine abortogenic agent, is a differential diagnosis in late-term aborted fetuses with meningoencephalitis, vasculitis, and polyserositis.
31
Cook, Walter, Elizabeth Williams, and E. Thorne. "Disappearance Rate of Bovine Fetuses at Grand Teton National Park, State Elk Feedgrounds and at the National Elk Refuge." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 19 (January 1, 1995): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1995.3259.
Full textAbstract:
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that causes elk and bison to abort and may have potential to be transmitted to domestic cattle. In this preliminary study we examined how long healthy bovine fetuses remained in the environment and could be available for contact by elk, bison, or cattle. Healthy bovine fetuses were placed on state elk feedgrounds, the National Elk Refuge, and Grand Teton National Park to simulate an elk or bison aborted fetus. Fetuses were monitored until they disappeared due to scavenging. Ninety percent of the fetuses disappeared from the National elk refuge within 31 hours, but it took 163 and 130 hours for fetuses to disappear from state feedgrounds and Grand Teton National Park, respectively. We found, via analysis of covariance, that there was a significant difference in fetal disappearance rates depending on where the simulated abortions occurred. We also found that aborted fetuses could potentially serve as a source of bacterial infection for several days. This preliminary study will be expanded to include greater numbers of animals and additional locations in coming seasons.
32
Brace, R. A., and C. Y. Cheung. "Fetal blood volume restoration following rapid fetal hemorrhage." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): H567—H573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.2.h567.
Full textAbstract:
In a previous study, we found that ovine fetal blood volume returned to normal in 3 h after a slow hemorrhage of 31% over 2 h; volume was slightly elevated at 24-25 h. In the present study, we explored the time required for blood volume restoration in late gestation fetal sheep following a rapid hemorrhage over 10 min. The rate of hemorrhage was constant within each fetus but varied among fetuses from 13.5 to 32.2%. Two fetuses that were hemorrhaged 32% of their initial blood volume over 10 min underwent cardiovascular collapse during the hemorrhage. In 10 fetuses that were hemorrhaged 21.0 +/- 1.7% (SE) over 10 min, 6.5 h were required for blood volume to return to control. Fetal arterial pressure, venous pressure, and heart rate decreased during and immediately after the hemorrhage and returned to normal within 1 h. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA) underwent large increases following the rapid hemorrhage. Volume restoration at 5-7 h posthemorrhage correlated negatively with PRA and norepinephrine (NE) concentration immediately after the hemorrhage. Three of the 10 fetuses died overnight, and in the remaining seven fetuses blood volume was 8.8 +/- 3.3% below control (P less than 0.01) at 24-25 h posthemorrhage. The fetuses were also hypoxic, acidotic, and had greatly elevated plasma AVP and NE concentrations at this time. We conclude that ovine fetuses are less able to survive a rapid hemorrhage compared with a slow hemorrhage of the same extent. In addition, fetal blood volume restoration is delayed after rapid hemorrhage, and the impaired restoration is to the detriment of the fetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
33
Hershkovitz, Gal, Yael Raz, Ilana Goldinger, Ariel Many, Liran Hiersch, and Rimon Eli. "Severe Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy—Potential Mechanism by Which Fetuses Are Protected from the Hazardous Effect of Bile Acids." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020616.
Full textAbstract:
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by elevated total bile acids (TBA). Although elevated maternal TBA is a major risk factors for fetal morbidity and mortality, it is unclear why some fetuses are more prone to the hazardous effect of bile acids (BA) over the others. It is unclear whether fetuses are protected by placental BA uptake, or it is the fetal BA metabolism that reduces fetal BA as compared to maternal levels. Therefore, we aimed to compared TBA levels in the umbilical vein and artery to maternal TBA in women with ICP. The study included 18 women who had TBA > 40 μmol/L and their 23 fetuses. We found that the TBA level in umbilical vein was significantly lower compared to maternal TBA level. The TBA levels in umbilical vein and umbilical artery were similar. No fetus had a serious neonatal complication. Importantly, since TBA level remains low even though maternal TBA level is high the fetuses are protected from the hazardous effects of maternal BA. Our findings suggest that there is no effective metabolism of BA in the fetus and the main decrease in TBA in the fetus is related to placental BA uptake.
34
Murtazina, Nuriya I., Elena D. Lutsai, and Sofya V. Ershova. "Growth rate of thyroid gland in human fetus." Science and Innovations in Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2021-6-2-4-7.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives to determine the thyroid gland growth rate in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis.
Material and methods. The thyroid glands of 60 male and female fetuses aged from 14 to 27 weeks were the subject of this research. The material was divided according to fetus age in three groups: Group I from 14 to 18 weeks, Group II from 19 to 22 weeks and Group III from 23 to 27 weeks.
Results. The study revealed the increase in all dimensions of thyroid gland related to the increase of fetus age. During the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis, the growth varied from 19% (for the anteroposterior isthmus size) to 59% (for the right lobe height). The thyroid gland growth rate for different sex groups varied between 24% and 60% in female fetuses, in male fetuses from 20% to 57%. Besides, the thyroid lobes and isthmus of female fetuses grew at a higher rate than those of the male fetuses. The uneven growth of the anatomical structure was also registered when comparing different age groups within the intermediate fetal period. The highest rate of thyroid gland growth was observed starting from the 22nd week of fetal life; until the 19th week the growth rate ranged between 7% (isthmus) and 25% (right lobe). The study of the thyroid gland growth rate in female and male fetuses in different age groups revealed identical tendencies involving the active growth of thyroid gland dimensions starting from the 22nd week.
35
Iwamoto, H. S., T. Kaufman, L. C. Keil, and A. M. Rudolph. "Responses to acute hypoxemia in fetal sheep at 0.6-0.7 gestation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): H613—H620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.3.h613.
Full textAbstract:
A majority of previous studies of fetal responses to acute hypoxemia has focused on the response of the sheep fetus greater than 120 days of gestation when many regulatory systems have been established. To assess the response of younger, less well-developed fetuses, we exposed two groups of fetal sheep (I, 84-91 days; II, 97-99 days gestational age) to acute hypoxemia by giving the ewe a gas mixture containing 9% O2 to breathe. We decreased descending aortic PO2 in both groups of fetuses [I, 24 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 3 (SD) Torr; II, 23 +/- 3 to 12 +/- 4 Torr] by a degree similar to that achieved in previous studies of fetuses greater than 120 days of gestation. Mean arterial blood pressure (I, 31 +/- 6; II, 40 +/- 3 Torr) did not change significantly from control values, and heart rate (I, 224 +/- 27; II, 203 +/- 16 beats/min) increased significantly in group II fetuses with hypoxemia. In group I and II fetuses, as in older fetuses, cerebral, myocardial, and adrenal blood flows, measured by the microsphere technique, increased, and pulmonary blood flow decreased. These responses mature early and are likely local vascular responses to decreases in oxygen content. Combined ventricular output and umbilical-placental blood flow decreased significantly in both groups. Unlike the response of the fetus greater than 120 days, acute hypoxemia did not decrease blood flow to the musculoskeletal and cutaneous circulations (group I only), gastrointestinal, or renal circulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
36
Dubossarskaya, Y., L. Padalko, L. Zakharchenko, and E. Savel’eva. "Delayed interval delivery of the second and third fetuses in multiple pregnancy triplet (Сase report)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 5(111) (June 20, 2016): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.111.148.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes a clinical case of vaginal delivery in nulliparous women 24 years old delayed interval delivery of the second and third fetuses in spontaneous multiple pregnancy dichorionic triamniotic triplet in a tertiary perinatal center. After preterm delivery in 27+5 weeks of gestation the first fetus to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality of two fetuses that are left in the uterus, with informed consent of the woman preterm delivery the second and third fetuses occurred at intervals of 38 days, in 33+1 weeks of gestation. Careful monitoring of the state of the mother and fetuses was conducted. To increase the interval between the birth of the first fetus and the second and the third fetuses, prevention of obstetric and perinatal complications used tocolysis, antibiotics, progesterone, the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn by corticosteroids and bed rest. Three girls were born alive with a weight of 980, 1800 and 1950 grams correspondingly. Childbirth complicated second degree perineal laceration and retained portions of placenta and membranes, puerperal period was uneventful. After 1.5 months, all infants discharged with her mother in a satisfactory condition with a weight of more than 3000 grams. Key words: multiple pregnancy, triplet pregnancy, delayed interval delivery in triplet pregnancy, preterm delivery.
37
Pico, Harmony, Julien Mancini, Antoine Lafouge, Jean-Philippe Bault, Guillaume Gorincour, and Edwin Quarello. "Prenatal Associated Features in Fetuses Diagnosed with an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 40, no. 3 (2016): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443524.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and the nature of associated anomalies, especially malformations and chromosome abnormalities, in a population of fetuses with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Materials and Methods: This is a 7-year descriptive study. All patients whose fetus had an ARSA diagnosed by ultrasound performed during the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester of pregnancy were included, regardless of their risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Results: Between May 2007 and April 2014, an ARSA was diagnosed in 120 fetuses. The outcome was found in 108 cases (90%). ARSA was an isolated finding in 54/108 cases (50%). In 20% (22/108) of the fetuses, chromosomal abnormalities were detected. No chromosomal abnormalities were found in fetuses with an isolated ARSA. 82% (18/22) of chromosomal abnormalities were usual, such as trisomies 21 and 18, monosomy X, and 22q11.2 deletion. 21% (23/108) of the fetuses presenting an ARSA were associated with having a congenital heart disease. Conclusion: The presence of an isolated ARSA is a condition rarely associated with a chromosomal abnormality. The decision to perform an invasive karyotyping procedure under such circumstances or not may be made according to the principle of parental autonomy after extensive counselling and mostly a thorough assessment of the fetus.
38
Gonçalves, Frances Lilian Lanhellas, Daniel Guimarães Bittencourt, Lício Augusto Velloso, Augusto Frederico Schmidt, Rodrigo Melo Gallindo, and Lourenço Sbragia. "Corticosteroid effect upon intestinal and hepatic interleukin profile in a gastroschisis rat model." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 28, suppl 1 (2013): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502013001300003.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of corticosteroids on intestinal and liver interleukin profile in an experimental model of gastroschisis in fetal rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats at 19.5 days of gestation had its fetuses operated for the creation of gastroschisis. Two groups of fetuses were studied with and without maternal administration of dexamethasone. Each group was composed of fetuses who underwent gastroschisis (G), control fetuses without manipulation (C) and sham fetuses (S). A dosage of the following interleukins was carried out in fetal intestinal and liver tissues: IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The differences between the groups and subgroups were tested by ANOVA with Tukey post-test, with significant values of p<0.05. RESULTS: Dexamethasone led to an increase in intestinal and liver IL-6 (p<0.05) and a decrease in intestinal TNF-α (p<0.001) in fetuses with gastroschisis. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroids had an effect on the intestinal interleukin profile and a small effect on the liver interleukin profile due to immunological immaturity of the fetus, and also of fetuses with gastroschisis. The steroid action may not be exclusively anti-inflammatory, but also pro-inflammatory, varying with time of pregnancy.
39
RHODES, ROSAMOND. "Abortion and Assent." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 4 (October 1999): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199804034.
Full textAbstract:
Volumes have been written arguing the morality of abortion. A crucial premise in many of these arguments concerns the status of the fetus; specifically, that the fetus has or does not have a right to life. Opponents of abortion typically argue that fetuses are persons and hence have an inviolable right to life. Advocates of the right to abortion typically maintain that fetuses are not persons and hence have no right to life.
40
Robinson, Blair V., José A. Ettedgui, and Frederick S. Sherman. "Use of terbutaline in the treatment of complete heart block in the fetus." Cardiology in the Young 11, no. 6 (November 2001): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951101001123.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1989 and 2000, 21 fetuses were diagnosed with complete atrioventricular block. Seven women with fetal ventricular rates of less than 60 were given oral terbutaline, and 6 of these had an initial increase in the fetal ventricular rate. Four fetuses (57%) maintained an increased average rate of 60 beats per minute and survived. Two fetuses returned to rates below 55 and died. The final fetus, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was unresponsive. Terbutaline, therefore, is initially effective in raising the fetal ventricular rate, but this effect may be transient.
41
Vaags, Andrea K., Cathy Gartley, Warren D. Foltz, Krista B. Halling, Howard Dobson, Alexander J. Dick, Stephen A. Kruth, and Margaret R. Hough. "In Utero Transplantation of Stem Cells to the Yolk Sac of Early to Mid Gestation Canine Fetuses." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3200.3200.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In utero stem cell therapy holds promise for the amelioration of disorders before birth. Futhermore, due to the preimmune state of the developing fetus, recipients do not reject allogeneic cell transplants and postnatal transplantation from the same donor may be possible without the need for anti-rejection drugs. In order to more fully establish the feasibility of in utero cell transplantation, we are developing a canine model through the injection of allogeneic cells to the yolk sac of day 25 or day 35 fetuses. Cell tracking was facilitated by labeling male canine cells with micron-sized superparamagnetic and fluorescent polystyrene beads. Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging were employed to assess the fetal distribution of transplanted cells. Total bone marrow was harvested from adult canine donors and processed for bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC). Marrow stromal cell (MSC) cultures were initiated from BMMC on the basis of plastic adherence. Both MSC and BMMC were labeled for 16 hours with fluorescent superparamagnetic beads. Five pregnancies have been studied, wherein 1–2 x 106 MSC or 0.1 – 1 x 107 BMMC were delivered to individual yolk sacs of day 25 (n=13) or day 35 (n=14) fetuses under ultrasound guidance. Each pregnancy included 1–2 fetuses that received an equal volume saline injection (n=7). Fetuses were allowed to develop in vivo for an additional seven to fourteen days at which time ovariohysterectomy and fetal retrieval were performed. Dispersion of the injected cells within each fetus prevented conclusive detection of labeled cell distribution by MRI (~3mm3 volume elements, 1.5 Tesla GE Signa). Ex vivo whole body fluorescence imaging of fetuses verified cell migration from the yolk sac injection site to the fetus proper based on increased levels of green fluorescence in injected versus noninjected controls. The signal was predominantly localized to the thoracic and abdominal regions, with no apparent fluorescence visible in the yolk sac. To asses donor cell engraftment, sagittal-plane cryosections were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy for detection of the fluorophore as well as Prussian blue staining for detection of superparamagnetic iron particles via light microscopy. The localization of iron particles and fluorescence label was co-registered on images taken from sequential cryosections. These analyses indicated that labeled BMMC and MSC migrated from the yolk sac to the fetal liver. Furthermore, molecular confirmation of donor cell engraftment in the livers of female fetuses was obtained after manual micro-dissection of fetal livers from day 32 fetuses or after laser capture of iron labeled cells from day 43–45 fetuses. Y chromosome positive cells were detected in fetuses receiving either male MSC or BMMC, but not in saline control injected fetuses. Our studies demonstrated that injection of cells into the yolk sac during early fetal gestation is an effective strategy to deliver cells to the developing fetus. We are currently following in utero transplant recipients to determine whether long-term engraftment and immunotolerance of donor cells during the neonatal period can be achieved.
42
Reis, Matheus O., Raquel A. S. Cruz, Daniele M. Bassuino, Fabiana M. Boabaid, Luiz Gustavo S. Oliveira, Lauren S. Mello, Luciana Sonne, and David Driemeier. "Hypomyelinogenesis associated with transplacental poisoning by Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) in fetus and newborn calves." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 7 (July 2018): 1371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5659.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Sida carpinifolia is a plant responsible for poisoning several species of animals. This paper describes Hypomyelinogenesis in fetuses and neonates of cattle that consumed S. carpinifolia. Neonates manifested ataxia and muscle tremors. Two bovine newborns and four fetuses were necropsied and showed no significant gross changes. Histopathologic findings included vacuolation of pancreatic acinar cells, thyroid follicular cells, hepatocytes, cells of renal tubules and neurons of the fetus and the white matter of the telencephalic frontal lobe of the neonates and also revealed axonal spheroids in the brain of the fetuses and neonates. The lectin-histochemical evaluation shoved staining for the lectins Con-A, WGA and s-WGA. The Luxol Fast Blue staining revealed a marked decrease of myelin in the brain of all the fetuses and a moderate decrease in the neonates. Histologic and lectin-histochemic findings indicate that the consumption of S. carpinifolia by pregnant bovine females can cause hypomyelinogenesis in fetuses and neonates.
43
Koschwanez, Maria, Marina Meli, Andrea Vögtlin, Gilbert Greub, Xaver Sidler, Martin Handke, Titus Sydler, Carmen Kaiser, Andreas Pospischil, and Nicole Borel. "Chlamydiaceae family, Parachlamydia spp., and Waddlia spp. in porcine abortion." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638712452729.
Full textAbstract:
At present, despite extensive laboratory investigations, most cases of porcine abortion remain without an etiological diagnosis. Due to a lack of recent data on the abortigenic effect of order Chlamydiales, 286 fetuses and their placentae of 113 abortion cases (1–5 fetuses per abortion case) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for family Chlamydiaceae and selected Chlamydia-like organisms such as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Waddlia chondrophila. In 0.35% of the cases (1/286 fetuses), the Chlamydiaceae real-time PCR was positive. In the Chlamydiaceae-positive fetus, Chlamydia abortus was detected by a commercial microarray and 16S ribosomal RNA PCR followed by sequencing. The positive fetus had a Porcine circovirus-2 coinfection. By the Parachlamydia real-time PCR, 3.5% (10/286 fetuses of 9 abortion cases) were questionable positive (threshold cycle values: 35.0–45.0). In 2 of these 10 cases, a confirmation by Chlamydiales-specific real-time PCR was possible. All samples tested negative by the Waddlia real-time PCR. It seems unlikely that Chlamydiaceae, Parachlamydia, and Waddlia play an important role as abortigenic agents in Swiss sows.
44
Aymée, Luiza, Maria Isabel Nogueira Di Azevedo, Luiza Reis, Julia Mendes, Fúlvia de Fátima Almeida de Castro, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa, Guilherme Nunes de Souza, and Walter Lilenbaum. "Unconventional Sites for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Bovine Anicteric Fetuses." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182832.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Bovine leptospirosis is an important reproductive disease and abortion is a major sign, leading to economic impacts. Due to its multifactorial etiology, the proper diagnosis of the cause of the abortion is crucial. Necropsy of the fetuses followed by molecular analysis is recommended for diagnosis, and the investigation mainly occurs in the kidneys and liver. This study aimed to analyze unconventional sites for the presence of leptospiral DNA in bovine anicteric aborted fetuses. Methods: Five fetuses of the same herd were received for necropsy and diagnosis. Conventional lipL32-PCR was performed in the fetuses’ kidneys, livers, lungs, hearts, spleens, subcapsular kidney content, abomasal fluid, and in the cavity’s hemorrhagic contents. To complete the investigation, the sera of 30 cows of the herd were collected to perform the serologic screening by Microscopic Agglutination Test. In addition, six subfertile non-pregnant cows from the same herd were selected due to their low reproductive performance, and genital samples (uterine fragment and cervicovaginal mucus) and urine were collected for lipL32-PCR. PCR-positive samples were submitted to a nested PCR of the secY gene and intended for sequencing. Results: The herd presented seroreactive animals (11/30, 36.6%), all against the Sejroe serogroup, with titers between 200 and 1600. In necropsy, four fetuses showed hemorrhagic and anicteric lesions, while one fetus had no macroscopic lesions. Regarding molecular analysis, all the fetuses were positive in lipL32-PCR and the positive sites were the heart, lungs, subcapsular kidney content, thymus, kidneys, liver, and abomasal fluid. Only one fetus presented positive results in the kidney and liver, while three fetuses were positive in the abomasal fluid. Five of six cows were positive for lipL32-PCR, all being positive only in genital samples. Of the fetuses and the cows, seven sequences were obtained and all were identified as Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjoprajitno. Conclusions: In order to improve the diagnosis of leptospirosis in cows, it is recommended to perform a comprehensive analysis of the samples, beyond the kidneys and liver. Thus, we highly encourage testing multiple organs by PCR to investigate abortions suspected of bovine leptospirosis, particularly in anicteric fetuses.
45
Litwinska, Magdalena, Ewelina Litwinska, Krzysztof Szaflik, Marzena Debska, Tomasz Szajner, Katarzyna Janiak, Piotr Kaczmarek, and Miroslaw Wielgos. "Management Options for Fetal Bronchopulmonary Sequestration." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061724.
Full textAbstract:
To evaluate the prenatal course and perinatal outcome of fetuses with bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) managed expectantly or using minimally invasive methods. This was a retrospective study of 29 fetuses with suspected BPS managed between 2010 and 2021 in three fetal medicine centers in Poland. Medline was searched to identify cases of BPS managed expectantly or through minimally-invasive methods. In 16 fetuses with BPS, there was no evidence of cardiac compromise. These fetuses were managed expectantly. Thirteen hydropic fetuses with BPS qualified for intrauterine intervention: a thoraco-amniotic shunt (TAS) was inserted in five fetuses, laser coagulation of the feeding vessel was performed in seven cases, and one fetus had combined treatment. In the combined data from the previous and the current study of various percutaneous interventions for BPS associated with hydrops, the survival rate was 91.2% (31/34) for TAS, 98.1% (53/54) for laser coagulation, and 75% (3/4) for intratumor injection of sclerosant. After taking into account cases with available data, the rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks in the group treated with laser coagulation was 14.3% (7/49) compared to 84.6% (22/26) in the group treated with TAS. The need for postnatal sequestrectomy was lower in the group of fetuses treated with laser coagulation 23.5% (12/51) in comparison to fetuses treated with TAS 84% (21/26). In fetuses with BPS without hydrops, progression of the lesion’s volume, leading to cardiac compromise, is unlikely. In hydropic fetuses with BPS, intrauterine therapy using minimally invasive methods prevents fetal demise. Both, the rate of preterm birth and the need for postnatal surgery is significantly lower in the group treated with laser coagulation compared to the group treated with TAS.
46
Visser, JH, and CF Heyns. "Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone during testicular descent in the pig fetus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 7 (1996): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9961115.
Full textAbstract:
To investigate the relationship between gonadotrophins, androgens and testicular descent in the pig fetus, serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and serum concentrations and testicular content of testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 95 fetuses (48 males, 47 females) between Day 60 and Day 90 post coitum (p.c.). The testes were descended in 0% of fetuses at Day 60, 8% of fetuses at Day 70, 40% of fetuses at Day 80 and 87% of fetuses at Day 90 p.c. There was a significant increase in mean serum concentrations of LH in both male and female fetuses from Day 60 to Day 90, with a significant difference in mean serum concentrations of LH between male fetuses with a body mass < 350 g (4% of testes descended) and those with a body mass > 450 g (87% of testes descended), but not between male and female fetuses < 350 g or > 450 g in body mass. There was no significant difference in mean serum concentrations of FSH between male and female fetuses. Mean serum concentrations of T were significantly higher in male fetuses at Day 60 than in those at Days 70-90, with no significant difference in serum concentrations of DHT from Day 60 to Day 90 p.c. Testicular content of T and DHT showed a non-linear increase from Day 60 to Day 90 p.c. Although the serum concentration of T is elevated before, and decreased during, the period of descent, the testicular content of T and DHT increases during the period of descent, indicating that serum concentrations of LH and FSH may have an indirect effect on descent by stimulating testicular androgen synthesis.
47
CUTAŞ, DANIELA. "Immortal Fetuses." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108080390.
Full textAbstract:
“Dissecting Bioethics,” edited by Tuija Takala and Matti Häyry, welcomes contributions on the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of bioethics.The section is dedicated to the idea that words defined by bioethicists and others should not be allowed to imprison people's actual concerns, emotions, and thoughts. Papers that expose the many meanings of a concept, describe the different readings of a moral doctrine, or provide an alternative angle to seemingly self-evident issues are therefore particularly appreciated.The themes covered in the section so far include dignity, naturalness, public interest, community, disability, autonomy, parity of reasoning, symbolic appeals, and toleration.All submitted papers are peer reviewed. To submit a paper or to discuss a suitable topic, contact Tuija Takala at tuija.takala@helsinki.fi.
48
Wagner, Kenneth R., Pauline Ting, Margaret V. Westfall, Shun-Ichi Yamaguchi, John D. Bacher, and Ronald E. Myers. "Brain Metabolic Correlates of Hypoxic-Ischemic Cerebral Necrosis in Mid-Gestational Sheep Fetuses: Significance of Hypotension." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 6, no. 4 (August 1986): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1986.75.
Full textAbstract:
Midgestational sheep fetuses exposed to marked hypoxia for 2 h remain brain intact if MABP is maintained above 30 mm Hg. On the other hand, similarly hypoxic fetuses, if they experience reductions in MABP below 30 mm Hg, develop foci of necrosis that predominantly affect hemispheric white matter and neostriatum. Cortex damage is more restricted and is usually associated with more massive underlying white matter damage. The present study examines the brain metabolic basis for the important role of hypotension in brain injury development in marked hypoxia. Sheep fetuses rendered hypoxic by respiring their ewes with 11% oxygen (fetal Pao2 = 8–12 mm Hg) in which MABP was maintained above 30 mm Hg showed increases in brain lactic acid concentrations to 7–13 μmol/g but unaltered energy charge. In contrast, fetuses that sustained MABP reductions below 30 mm Hg showed increases in lactic acid concentrations in vulnerable structures to 16–24 μmol/g accompanied by marked decreases in energy charge. The vulnerable structures also showed reductions in fructose concentrations but a variable behavior of other brain metabolites including phosphocreatine, glycogen, and glucose. Thus, the present findings suggest a relation between hypotension during marked hypoxia, low energy charge, lactic acid accumulation in brain at high concentrations, and fetal brain injury. The ewes of hypoxic hypotensive fetuses received pentobarbital at lower doses than did those of fetuses that maintained blood pressure. This suggests that pentobarbital plays an important role in protecting the fetal brain from asphyxia by extending the hypoxic fetus's ability to maintain blood pressure in addition to reducing its brain metabolism.
49
Harvey, L. M., R. D. Gilbert, L. D. Longo, and C. A. Ducsay. "Changes in ovine fetal adrenocortical responsiveness after long-term hypoxemia." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): E741—E747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.5.e741.
Full textAbstract:
This study tested the hypothesis that in the fetus long-term hypoxemia induces premature adrenocortical maturation and augments adrenal responsiveness to adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). Pregnant ewes were exposed to high altitude (3,820 m) from 30 to 120 days gestation, when surgery was performed. Maternal arterial pressure of O2 (PaO2) was maintained at approximately 60 Torr by N2 infusion through a tracheal catheter. Fetal PaO2 was significantly lower in the hypoxemic (21 +/- 0.2 Torr) vs. normoxic (26 +/- 0.4 Torr) fetuses (P < 0.01). Between 125 and 140 days, basal ACTH and cortisol concentrations were similar in both groups. To assess changes in adrenal responsiveness, we challenged the fetuses with ACTH (100 ng/kg body wt, iv bolus) at 126 and 136 days. At 126 days, after ACTH challenge, fetal plasma ACTH peaked at similar values (275 +/- 43 and 250 +/- 26 pg/ml) in normoxic and hypoxemic fetuses, respectively. Plasma cortisol subsequently increased to 84 +/- 8 and 44 +/- 6 ng/ml in these groups. At 136 days, after ACTH challenge, plasma ACTH peaked at 379 +/- 57 and 336 +/- 21 pg/ml in normoxic and hypoxemic fetuses, respectively. Although plasma cortisol concentration in normoxic fetuses increased to 180 +/- 21 ng/ml, levels in hypoxemic fetuses only reached 62 +/- 12 ng/ml (P < 0.05 compared with normoxic). Catecholamine concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. These data do not support the hypothesis that adrenocortical maturation occurs prematurely, augmenting adrenal responsiveness to ACTH after exposure to long-term hypoxemia. Rather, the ability of the fetus to respond to an ACTH challenge is blunted.
50
Stone, Jim. "Why Potentiality Matters." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (December 1987): 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10715920.
Full textAbstract:
Do fetuses have a right to life in virtue of the fact that they are potential adult human beings? I take the claim that the fetus is a potential adult human being to come to this: if the fetus grows normally there will be an adult human animal that was once the fetus. Does this fact ground a claim to our care and protection? A great deal hangs on the answer to this question. The actual mental and physical capacities of a human fetus are inferior to those of adult creatures generally thought to lack a serious right to life (e.g., adult chickens), and the mere fact that a fetus belongs to our species in particular seems morally irrelevant. Consequently, a strong fetal claim to protection rises or falls with the appeal to the fetus's potentiality, for nothing else can justify it.