Dissertations / Theses: 'Fetuses'

1

Proniaiev, D. V. "Fetuses anatomy of the ovarian." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18456.

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Kashperuk-Karpiuk, I. S. "Fetuses anatomy of the buccal region." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19320.

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Lavriv, I. P. "Fetuses anatomy of the parotid gland structure." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18449.

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Hedlund, Sebastian. "Expression of B-adrenergic receptors in chicken fetuses." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9819.

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Chicken fetuses exposed to chronic hypoxia suffer from growth retardation and

induces an overall sympathetic activity, including elevation of the concentration

of circulating catecholamines. Simultaneously, hypoxic fetuses display a

lowered β-adrenoreceptor (βAR) density in myocardial tissue. In vertebrates,

β1AR and β2AR are the most important signalling pathways for acute elevation

of cardiac performance. The aim of this study was to see how chronic hypoxia

affects the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) for the β1AR in the fetal chicken

heart at different developmental ages. The broiler chicken is a suitable model

organism for studying the progression of heart failure because the fast growth

rate requires a large increase in blood perfusion at the end of fetal development.

The β1AR sequence of the broiler chicken is 1587 bp and located on

chromosome 6. When running a PCR for quantification of the sequence,

primers for almost the whole sequence failed (1404 bp) and so did primers of

1193 bp; instead primers of 692 bp of the sequence were used and made

quantification possible. Similar results were obtained from both the heart and

liver of day 15 fetal chickens. The PCR product was cloned into a TOPO vector

and sent for sequencing, to enable the making of a probe for a northern blot

analysis of the mRNA in the fetal chicken hearts.

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Kryvetsky, I. V. "Anatomy of the spinal column in the fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19322.

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Korchynska, N. S. "Morphogenesis of the maxilla of the human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17579.

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Lavriv, L. P. "Anatomy of the parotid gland structure in human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17570.

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8

Orós, López Daniel. "Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of late-onset growth restricted fetuses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2504.

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DE LA TESIS:

"Resultado perinatal y del neurodesarrollo en fetos con retraso de crecimiento intrauterino de instauración tardía"

TEXTO:

El retraso de crecimiento intrauterino es una de las patologías más graves del desarrollo fetal, asociándose con un incremento la mortalidad intrauterina, mortalidad perinatal y prematuridad, siendo un conocido factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de déficits neurológicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia. Se considera "pequeños" a todos los fetos con un peso por debajo del percentil 10 para su edad gestacional y sexo. Pero no todos los fetos "pequeños" son verdaderos retrasos de crecimiento. La búsqueda de variables clínicas que nos ayuden a diferenciar los fetos "pequeños normales" de los "retrasos de crecimiento intrauterino" (RCIU) ha sido uno de los focos más activos de investigación en medicina fetal durante los últimos 20 años.

El aumento de las resistencias vasculares placentarias, expresado por la elevación del índice de pulsatilidad de la arteria umbilical (AU), es el criterio diagnóstico más aceptado. La introducción del Doppler de la AU ha demostrado mejorar el resultado y reducir la mortalidad perinatal. Actualmente se asume que los fetos con un peso por debajo del percentil 10 y un aumento de las resistencias vasculares placentarias son RCIU, siendo los fetos con una resistencia vascular placentaria normal, fetos pequeños normales, a los que denominamos "pequeños para edad gestacional" (PEG).

Sin embargo, recientes publicaciones han puesto en duda el valor de la arteria umbilical para definir cuando un feto pequeño tiene bajo riesgo, encontrando que los fetos PEG también presentan resultado perinatal subóptimo, así como una mayor incidencia de un amplio espectro de alteraciones sutiles del desarrollo cerebral que se pueden expresar como alteraciones del comportamiento, desordenes neuromusculares, problemas en el aprendizaje y alteraciones de la conducta.

Los estudios incluidos en este proyecto son parte de una línea de investigación sobre la circulación cerebral de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento, y su capacidad de predicción de daños neurológicos.

El primer proyecto tiene por objeto determinar las tendencias longitudinales y tipo de cambio de los índices de pulsatilidad Doppler de la arteria cerebral uterina, umbilical y cerebral media en fetos PEG inicio tardío desde el diagnóstico hasta el parto.

El objetivo del segundo proyecto fue evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual neonatal de fetos RCIU nacidos a término sin insuficiencia placentaria. Muchos estudios han encontrado asociaciones entre los fetos con RCIU precoz y el desarrollo del neurocomportamiento, sensorial y disfunciones cognitivas. Resultados a largo plazo de los bebés prematuros con RCIU ha revelado un perfil específico de las dificultades neurocognitivas con pobre funcionamiento ejecutivo, falta de flexibilidad y de creatividad, así como problemas del leguaje. Algunos estudios han relacionado estas dificultades en la infancia con trastornos de conducta ya presentes en el período neonatal, un momento en que las influencias ambientales son todavía mínimos. Algunos estudios también han informado a largo plazo de las desventajas cognitivas los niños con RCIU de instauración tardía, pero no hay información sobre el desarrollo neuroconductual de los bebés nacidos a término con RCIU sin insuficiencia placentaria.

El tercer proyecto fue dirigido para analizar si la investigación Doppler de la ACA es superior a la investigación Doppler de la arteria cerebral media en la predicción de resultados perinatales adversos en fetos PEG sin insuficiencia placentaria. Diversos estudios en fetos RCIU han demostrado una redistribución regional de suministro de sangre en el cerebro, que contribuye a la jerarquía regional en el deterioro del cerebro, haciendo que ciertas áreas más susceptibles que otras a la hipoxia. El lóbulo frontal del cerebro, se abastece principalmente por la ACA, es una de estas estructuras muy sensibles en los niños crónicamente hipóxicos. El estudio de ésta arteria podría ser superior a los parámetros estándar que se utiliza para detectar la redistribución del cerebro, la ACM, para la detección de los fetos en una fase temprana de la hipoxia cerebral.

Teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente expuesto, nuestras hipótesis de trabajo serán:

a) Hipótesis conceptual

· Un porcentaje de fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía, con función placentaria normal, han estado expuestos a hipoxia leve en el útero.

b) Hipótesis secundarias

· El seguimiento longitudinal de fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía demuestra que los índices de pulsatilidad Doppler de la arteria cerebral anterior (ACA), la arteria cerebral media (ACM) y la relación cerebro-placentaria
(CPR) presentan modificaciones antes y de forma más frecuentes que la arteria umbilical (AU) materna y de las arterias uterinas (AUT).

· Los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con función placentaria normal, tienen peores resultados perinatales, así como un desarrollo neuroconductuales neonatal subóptimo.

· Los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con signos de redistribución hemodinámica cerebral presentan disrrupciones neurológicas que afectan a la neuroconducta neonatal.

De este modo, los objetivos establecidos serán los siguientes:

a) OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL
· Estudiar la evolución temporal de los parámetros Doppler en fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía para evaluar su asociación con resultados perinatales adversos y neuroconductuales.

b) OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS

· Describir al final del embarazo la tendencia de los índices de pulsatilidad longitudinal de Doppler de la arteria cerebral media, umbilical y materna arterias uterinas a finales de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía

· Evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual y los resultados perinatales de los fetos con un peso fetal estimado inferior al p10 y Doppler de la arteria umbilical normal.

· Evaluar el desarrollo neuroconductual y el resultado perinatal de los fetos con retraso de crecimiento de aparición tardía con signos de redistribución de intrauterina cerebral definido por el estudio Doppler de las arterias cerebrales anterior y media.

Los resultados de esta investigación se obtuvieron mediante un estudio longitudinal prospectivo de dos cohortes (Cohorte Caso y Cohorte Control), con un total de 116 pacientes en cada rama (tasa de aceptación: 90%) en la muestra inicial. El trabajo se realizó en la Unidad de Crecimiento Fetal del Materno-Fetal del Departamento de Medicina del Hospital Clínico de Barcelona entre noviembre de 2007 y agosto de 2009.

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Epstein, Douglas J. "Genetic control of the survival of murine trisomy 16 fetuses." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61876.

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10

Thayyil, S. S. "Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses, newborns and children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/147674/.

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My thesis explores the feasibility and utility of whole body post-mortem magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as an alternative for conventional autopsy in fetuses, newborns and children. The thesis starts with a systematic review of the existing literature on post-mortem MR imaging to identify the knowledge gaps. This is followed by the development of an effective recruitment model and a comparative study on the accuracy of less invasive autopsy by post-mortem MR imaging with conventional autopsy in 200 fetuses, newborns and children. The cause of death was accurately identified in more than 90% of cases by less invasive autopsy, following a hospital death, unexplained stillbirth or an unexpected death under HM Coronial investigation. Post-mortem MR imaging of the brain had a very high negative predictive value for excluding major neuropathological lesions; opening of the head can be avoided if post-mortem MR imaging of the brain is normal. High-resolution, 3D post-mortem cardiac MR imaging accurately detected structural heart diseases in larger fetuses, newborns and children. However, the accuracy of post-mortem lung MR imaging was poor; renal lesions required histological examination for definitive diagnosis. Furthermore, post-mortem MR imaging cannot differentiate between the normal death process and ante-mortem hypoxic brain injury due to the changes in T1 and T2 relaxometry values occurring after death. The diagnostic utility and image quality at 1.5 Tesla MR imaging was poor in smaller fetuses, however high field MR imaging at 9.4 Tesla provided satisfactory MR images in this sub group. In addition, visceral organ weights were accurately estimated from post-mortem MR data sets and anatomical models of these organs reconstructed by rapid prototyping. My thesis concludes by demonstrating the proof of principle of MR guided percutaneous biopsy in a piglet model. In summary, less invasive autopsy by post-mortem MR imaging may be a satisfactory alternative to conventional autopsy; however accurate methods of percutaneous tissue sampling need to be developed and validated for adequate histological examination of visceral organs, particularly lungs, kidneys and heart.

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11

Jowett, Victoria Charlotte. "Brain growth and development in fetuses with congenital heart disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49448.

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Introduction and Objectives: In the current era of excellent surgical results for congenital heart disease (CHD), focus has become directed on quality of life for these children. Previous studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome in CHD is impaired. The mechanisms are incompletely understood but there is increasing evidence that the origins of this are in fetal life. This thesis aims to describe the in utero brain growth in a cohort of fetuses with CHD and relate this to the circulatory abnormalities and fetal Doppler parameters. Methods: Pregnant women with a fetus with CHD were prospectively recruited. The congenital heart defect was phenotyped using fetal echocardiography and patients subdivided into three physiological groups on the basis of the anticipated abnormality of cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery: (1) isolated reduced flow to the brain; 2) reduced oxygen saturation of cerebral blood flow; (3) combination of reduced oxygen and flow. Fetal brain MRI was performed. In addition to standard biometric measurements, snapshot to volume reconstruction (SVR) was used to construct a 3D data set from the oversampled raw data. From these 3D volumes the total brain volume and ventricular volumes were measured by manual segmentation. Serial measurements of fetal growth were also made and umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler parameters were analysed. Results: 29 women were included; comparison was made with 83 normal MRI controls. Fetuses with CHD were found to have smaller brain volumes compared to controls when adjusting for advancing gestation (p < 0.01). This difference becomes more pronounced with advancing gestation, suggesting a slower rate of in utero brain growth. Measurements of growth found that the fetuses with CHD were smaller throughout gestation with a highly significant difference at the later growth scan. (p < 0.001). Cerebral and umbilical artery Doppler data showed evidence of reduced cerebrovascular resistance in fetuses with CHD but did not show a difference in the umbilical artery Doppler. Conclusion: Fetuses with CHD have evidence of impaired brain growth with advancing pregnancy and an increased rate of overall growth restriction. Doppler evidence of cerebral vasodilation supports the mechanism of reduced oxygen delivery as an underlying cause.

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Chidzanja, Stivelia. "Restricted implantation and undernutrition alter development and growth of the ovine placenta." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18519.

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Bibliography: 161-199.
[xxvi], 199, [151] leaves, [7] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Characterises the normal otogeny of the cellular composition and structure of placentomes in sheep, their relationship to the macroscopic parameters of placentome size and morphology, and the effect of experimental and natural restriction of implantation on the growth and development of placentomes between mid and late gestation.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1995

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13

Valenzuela, Alcaraz Brenda I. "Cardiovascular assessment in fetuses and children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401805.

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BACKGROUND: Approximately, five million children have been born as a result of using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Although the majority of ART children are born healthy; there are several reports of increased rate of pregnancy complications and worse perinatal outcomes in this population that may contribute to long-term health consequences according to the fetal programming hypothesis. Due to these techniques are relatively new, the effect of ART on later stages of development and adult susceptibility are uncertain. The main hypothesis of this thesis is that fetuses conceived by ART present worse perinatal outcomes together with primary cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction as compared to those spontaneously conceived (SC), changes that persist postnatally and leads to increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. METHODS: Cardiovascular morphology and functional assessment was performed in singleton and twin fetuses conceived by ART and spontaneously conceived; together with the presence of adverse perinatal outcomes. Finally, follow-up of these cohorts was made and cardiac and vascular function was assessed in childhood. RESULTS: ART fetuses showed: larger atria, shorter ventricles with lower sphericity index together with thicker myocardial walls. Systolic motion was decreased as measured by M-Mode and tissue Doppler; there were also sings of impaired relaxation, as demonstrated by a longer IRT and decreased deceleration time of E wave. All these changes were independent of the presence of been small for gestational age (SGA) due to these groups showed different cardiac phenotypes. ART children showed persistence of changes in cardiac morphology and function together with vascular remodeling (increased blood pressure and thicker carotid intima media). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse pregnancy outcomes seem to be present in infertile women, regardless of the use of ART. Singleton and twin ART fetuses present cardiovascular remodeling and subclinical dysfunction that persist postnatally in childhood. These changes are independent of the presence of SGA. These findings need to be take into account for further studies regarding higher cardiovascular risks in adulthood in this population.
INTRODUCCION: Aproximadamente, 5 millones de niños han nacido en el mundo gracias al uso de las tecnicas de reproduccion asistida (TRA). La mayoría de éstos niños son sanos al nacer; pero diversos estudios mencionan la presencia de peores resultados perinatales en esta población; los cuáles podrían tener consecuencias a largo plazo de acuerdo con la teoría de la programación fetal. Estas técnicas son relativamente nuevas, por lo que sus efectos en la vida adulta aún son desconocidos. La hipótesis principal de ésta tesis es que los fetos concebidos mediante TRA, presentan peores resultados perinatales que aquellos concebidos de manera espontánea (CE), junto con la presencia de cambios cardíacos morfológicos y funcionales que persisten de manera postnatal y que condicionaría un incremento del riesgo cardiovascular en la vida adulta. METODOS: Se llevó a cabo la evaluación cardiovascular morfológica y funcional de fetos únicos y gemelares concebidos por TRA comparados con fetos CE; junto con la presencia de resultados perinatales adversos. Se realiza un seguimiento y evaluación cardiovascular de dichas cohortes hasta la infancia. RESULTADOS: Los fetos TRA presentaron cambios al comparlos con los CE: aurículas más grandes, ventrículos más cortos junto con un menor índice de esfericidad así como paredes engrosadas. presentaron función sistólica disminuída de acuerdo con las mediciones de Doppler tisular y modo-M; también signos de disfunción diastólica demostrado por IRT alargados y disminución del tiempo de deceleración de la onda E. Todos estos cambios fueron independientes de la presencia de fetos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG), ya que dichos grupos presentaron fenotipos cardiacos diferentes. En la infancia, los niños TRA mostraron persistencia de dichos cambios cardíacos morfológicos y funcionales subclínicos, junto con remodelado vascular (presion arterial más alta y paredes engrosadas de la intima media de las carótidas). CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres infértiles presentan resultados perinatales adversos independiente de el método de TRA usado. Los fetos concebidos mediante TRA presentan remodelado cardiovascular el cuál persiste postnatalmente en la infancia. Dichos cambios fueron independientes de la presencia de PEG. Estos hallazgos deben ser tomados en cuentra en futuros estudios del incremento de riesgo cardiovascular en la vida adulta de ésta población.

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14

Trasler, Tessa A. "Genetic control of the survival of trisomy 19 fetuses in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66103.

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15

林勇行 and Yung-hang Lam. "Sonographic features of fetuses with homozygous [alpha]-thalassaemia-1during early pregnancy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981744.

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16

Kashperuk-Karpiuk, I. S. "The topographo-anatomical features of the buccal region of human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17600.

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17

Stryzhakovs’ka, L. O. "Congenital anomaly of the urinary tracts in 5-month old fetuses." Thesis, Буковинський державний медичний університет, 2012. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1440.

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18

Matthews, Louise S. "Fetal alcohol syndrome : prenatal ultrasound assessment of fetuses at high risk." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3049.

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19

Kelly, Amy, and Amy Kelly. "Adaptations in the Pancreatic Islet Transcriptome of Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetuses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624586.

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We established that acute adrenergic receptor stimulation in β-cells suppresses oxidative metabolism. This effect provides the basis for understanding how CAs reduce cell proliferation. Furthermore, the effects of acute CA on Min6 cells were distinguished from chronic CA culture using proteomics. Together, the RNAseq, qPCR and proteomic studies support a role for adrenergic receptor signaling in the regulation of proliferaton in β-cells. This work describes the genetic and proteomic profile underlying chronic adrenergic signaling and identifies CA independent suppression of β-cell growth and metabolism. Through the use of multiple models and comparative bioinformatics, we refined the list of molecular dysfunctions associated with the IUGR pathology to a set of specific and testable adrenergic targets.

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20

Yan, Ping. "Changes in fetal egg and blood pressure in normally grown and chronic placental embolization fetal sheep during graded cord occlusions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27957.

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The fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) has been considered a potentially useful tool for fetal surveillance during birth as technical improvements in signal acquisition and processing have been achieved. The aim of the thesis is to determine the ability of the changes in fetal ECG morphological characteristics and time intervals (FI-IR, PR interval, T/QRS, and R height) to predict fetal hypoxemia /acidemia and relationships between these parameters of FECG and fetal blood pressure.

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Marleau, Annette Maria. "Analysis of transplacental trafficking of maternal nucleated cells to CD1 murine fetuses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43186.pdf.

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Schleger, Franziska [Verfasser]. "Magnetoencephalographic signatures of numerosity discrimination in fetuses, neonates, and adults / Franziska Schleger." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079768181/34.

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Khmara, T. V. "Structural organization of the thymus in 4-10-month-old human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17571.

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Brown, Larry Dale. "Subchronic bioavailability and disposition of bivalent lead in pregnant swine and fetuses." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901221.

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Lam, Yung-hang. "Sonographic features of fetuses with homozygous [alpha]-thalassaemia-1 during early pregnancy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23373295.

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Lassala, Arantzatzu Leticia. "Arginine and fetal growth in ovine models of intrauterine growth restriction." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3238.

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Pfister, Riccardo E. (Riccardo Erennio) 1961. "Control of lung liquid throughout late gestation and labour." Monash University, Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9321.

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Tegnander, Eva. "Detection of congenital heart defects in a non-selected population of 42,381 fetuses." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1829.

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Bakgrunn Siden 1986 har alle gravide i Norge fått tilbud om en ultralydundersøkelse ved 18 uker i svangerskapet. En av hensiktene med undersøkelsen er å oppdage sykdom hos fosteret for å optimalisere oppfølging, tidspunkt og sted for fødselen og behandling rett etter fødselen. Hjertefeil har vist seg å være vanskelige å oppdage ved denne ultralydundersøkelsen.

Målsetning Hensikten med doktorgradsarbeidet har vært å inkorporere og evaluere nye ultralydsnitt gjennom fosterhjertet med det mål å bedre oppdagelsen av alvorlige hjertefeil før fødselen (artiklene I, II, III og V), å vurdere om undersøkernes utdanning og erfaring påvirket oppdagelsen av hjertefeil (artikkel IV) og å lære mer om prognosen til foster med hjertefeil i den hensikt å kunne gi bedre informasjon til foreldrene når en hjertefeil blir oppdaget hos foster (artiklene II og III).

Materiale og metode Den uselekterte populasjonen ble registrert prospektivt og bestod av 42 381 foster, hvorav 41 354 (98%) ble undersøkt med ultralyd i perioden august 1986 til desember 2001. Ultralydundersøkelsen ble utført ved 18 uker i svangerskapet av jordmødre med ultralydkompetanse. Ved denne undersøkelsen ble firekammersnittet av fosterhjertet innført som standardsnitt (artiklene I og II). Senere ble ultralydsnitt av de store arteriene inkludert i tillegg til firekammersittet (artikkel III). En ny tredimensjonal metode med bruk av vevsdoppler for å vurdere fosterhjertet har også blitt evaluert (artikkel V).

Resultater Firekammersnittet gjennom hjertet viste seg å kunne fremstilles hos 96% av fostrene ved 18–21 uker i svangerskapet med en signifikant forbedring over tid. Før dette tidspunktet var det vanskeligere å få fremstilt de fire kamrene. Bruk av et 5 MHz lydhode gav signifikant bedre resultater enn et 3,5 MHz lydhode (artikkel I).

Fremstilling av firekammersnittet hos alle foster økte oppdagelsesprosenten av alvorlige hjertefeil fra 18 til 26% (artikkel II). Da de store arterier også ble fremstilt økte oppdagelsen ytterligere til 39% ved 18 uker i svangerskapet (artikkel III). I denne periode ble 9% av de alvorlige hjertefeilene oppdaget tidlig i svangerskapet, før rutineultralyd ved 18 uker. Kromosomfeil ble funnet hos 38% av fostrene med alvorlig hjertefeil og 18 prosent av de med normale kromosomer hadde assosierte avvik. Hos begge disse kategoriene ble det oppdaget signifikant flere hjertefeil sammenlignet med foster med isolerte hjertefeil. Blant de isolerte som ikke ble oppdaget før fødselen ville en forventet å finne et unormalt firekammersnitt hos 58% (artikkel III).

Prognosen for de som ble oppdaget før fødselen var signifikant dårligere enn prognosen for de som ble oppdaget etter fødselen (artikkel III). Av de 24 (44%) som avbrøt svangerskapet som følge av funn av hjertefeil før fødselen hadde 58% dødelige kromosomfeil, og de resterende, med unntak av 5 foster med trisomi 21, alvorlige utviklingsavvik. Intrauterin fosterdød ble funnet hos 13% av de oppdaget før fødselen, hos ingen blant de som ble oppdaget etter fødselen. Av de foster med hjertefeil oppdaget før fødselen var 42% levende født, hvorav 27% av barna var i live ved 2-årsalder. For de som var oppdaget etter fødselen ble 98% levende født og 81% levde etter 2 år.

Artikkel IV viste at jordmødre med lang ultralyderfaring var signifikant bedre enn jordmødre med kort ultralyderfaring til å gjenkjenne et unormalt firekammersnitt og å fremstille de store arterier. De erfarne var bedre i forhold til den totale oppdagelsen av hjertefeil så vel som oppdagelse av isolerte hjertefeil og hjertefeil med assosierte avvik. Hjertefeil med unormalt firekammersnitt ble oversett av både erfarne og mindre erfarne jordmødre.

Med den nye tredimensjonale teknikken som gjør bruk av signaler fra vevsdoppler for synkronisering av fosterets hjerteslag, TDOG, var det mulig å få tilfredsstillende bilder fra rekonstruerte volumdata fra 4 av 8 fosterhjerter (artikkel V).

Konklusjoner Fosterhjerteundersøkelsen, og dermed oppdagelse av hjertefeil, er fortsatt et problemområde i uselekterte populasjoner. Ved å inkludere firekammersnittet og de store arterier i hjerteundersøkelsen oppdages nå flere foster med hjertefeil, men ikke så mange som forventet. Alvorlige hjertefeil hos foster som har andre avvik i tillegg ser ut til å være lettere å oppdage enn isolerte hjertefeil.

Utdanning og opplæring ser ut til å være av avgjørende betydning når det gjelder evnen til å fremstille fosterhjertet med ultralyd og dermed oppdage hjertefeil. Både erfarne og mindre erfarne jordmødre hadde vanskeligheter med å tolke snittene. Dette tilsier at grunnutdanningen i obstetrisk ultralyd må styrkes. Fosterhjertets basale snitt, firekammersnittet og de store arterier, må beherskes før mer avansert teknologi inkluderes i fosterhjerteundersøkelsen ved rutineultralyd.

Fremtidsaspekter For å kunne oppdage alvorlige hjertefeil hos foster må ultralydundersøkeren beherske de basale hjertesnittene gjennom øket fokus på fosterhjertet under ultralydutdanningen. Med slik kunnskap kan nye avanserte metoder utnyttes bedre. Nyere forskning viser en bedring i resultatene for nyfødte med hjertefeil som er oppdaget før fødselen og forskningen indikerer at ultralydundersøkelsen ved 11–13+6 uker i svangerskapet kan få stor betydning for den totale oppdagelsen av alvorlige hjertefeil gjennom hele svangerskapet.

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29

Komar, T. V. "Innervation features of the triceps surae in the 4-6 months human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18436.

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30

Kryvetskyi, I. V. "Topographical peculiarities of the thoracic spine of the spinal column in the fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18447.

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Boland, Rochelle Elizabeth 1974. "Factors affecting structural development of the lung in fetal sheep." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8135.

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Lee, Brenda 1974. "Prostaglandin D2 and the development of sleep in the ovine fetus." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8924.

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Nindorera, Yves. "Differential gene expression in the heart of hypoxic chicken fetuses (Gallus gallus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18939.

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Evidence has shown that hypoxic hearts have greater heart/fetus mass ratio. However, it is still unclear if either hyperplasia or hypertrophy causes the relatively increased heart mass. Furthermore, the genes that might be involved in the process have not yet been identified. In the present study, the cardiac transcriptome was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes related to hypoxia. Eggs were incubated for 15 and 19 days in two different environments, normoxic and hypoxic. Normalized microarray results were analyzed to isolate differentially expressed probes using the Affymetrix chip. Total RNA was also isolated from another set of fetuses incubated in the same conditions and used to perform a qPCR in order to confirm the microarray results. In the four groups (15N, 15H, 19N, 19H), some probes were differentially expressed. From the eggs incubated for 15 days, the microarray revealed five probes that were differentially expressed according to the criteria (p<0.01 and absolute fold change FC>2) in the two programs (PLIER & RMA) used to normalize the data. From the eggs incubated up to 19 days, eight probes were differentially expressed in both programs. No further tests were performed on the 19 days fetuses since there was no significant difference in that group after incubation for the heart/fetus mass ratio. Apolipoprotein-A1, p22, similar to ENS-1 and b2 adrenergic receptor were further tested in qPCR (15 days sample). The differently expressed genes are linked to cell division and should be further studied to identify their function, especially the similar to ENS-1.

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Blachford, Karen Grace. "Effects of loss of amniotic fluid on lung growth and maturation in rat fetuses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24482.

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This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that the amount of amniotic fluid present during gestation is critical to normal lung growth and maturation. On day 16 of gestation the amniotic sacs of the right or left uterine horns of timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were punctured with a 20 gauge needle. The fetuses of the opposite horn served as controls. On day 21 of gestation (one day prior to natural delivery) the fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section. An unbalanced, mixed model analysis of variance was performed on the data collected from each fetus. Probability values of less than 0.05 between control and experimental animals were considered significant. Amniotic sac puncture resulted in a significant loss of amniotic fluid as indicated by reduced amniotic fluid volume on day 21. Experimental body weight was significantly reduced indicating fetal growth retardation. Lung growth was also retarded as indicated by significantly reduced lung weight to body weight ratios and lung volume to body weight ratios following amniotic sac puncture. There was a reduction in the amount of fluid present within the experimental lungs. There appeared to be no significant effect on the structural units of the lung as indicated by no significant difference between control and experimental fetal lungs in terms of cell number, cell size, total protein to body weight ratio, maturation of type II cells, volume fraction of saccular air, saccular wall, conducting air and nonparenchyma, airspace size, saccular surface area to body weight ratio and surface to volume ratio. Thus, loss of amniotic fluid significantly affected lung growth, more than it affected overall body growth, without having an effect on lung maturation.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate

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35

Konje, Justin Chi. "In vivo transplacental transport and metabolism in small and appropriate for gestational age fetuses." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29567.

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The results of this thesis include the following:-.; 54 fetuses were studied, of which 33 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 21 SGA. The mean birthweight of the AGA fetuses (3227 471 g) was significantly higher than that of SGA fetuses (2361 245g).; The overall mean umbilical vein blood flow was 86 24 ml. kg.-1 min.-1. Blood flow was significantly lower in SGA fetuses (66 23 ml. kg.-1 min.-1) compared with AGA fetuses (90 18 ml. kg.-1 min.-1).; Mannitol clearance across the placenta decreased as maternal mannitol concentration increased indicating saturation of a transfer process. Mannitol transfer across the placenta was therefore thought to be carrier mediated rather than passive as had been previously thought and implicitly cannot be used as a good extracellular marker. The mean clearance of mannitol in SGA pregnancies (5.6 2.1 ml. min.-1) was significantly lower than in AGA pregnancies (12.8 1.6 ml. kg.-1 min.-1).; L-leucine transport across the placenta was significantly lower in the SGA fetuses.; Glycine transport and fetal uptake were significantly lower in the SGA group. In addition, neonatal glycine levels were significantly lower in the AGA group.;The transport of D-and L-leucine and glycine across the placenta is defective in SGA pregnancies. In addition, fetal uptake of these amino acids is significantly reduced. D-leucine is actively transported across the placenta and the same transporter may be involved in carrying D- and L-leucine. Glycine metabolism in the SGA neonates is significantly slower than that of AGA neonates.

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Demczuk, Suzanne. "Genetic analysis of the maternal factors controlling the survival of trisomy 16 mouse fetuses." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60479.

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The BxH recombinant inbred strains of mice were used to undertake a genetic analysis of the maternal factors controlling the survival of trisomy 16 fetuses. The data presented indicate that the prevalence of trisomic fetuses on day 15 of gestation varies significantly with the genetic background of the mother. The strain difference in the frequency of trisomy appears to be the result of selective elimination of trisomic fetuses. Various statistical methods to elucidate the genetic architecture of the trait from the recombinant inbred strains data indicate that the number of loci involved in the selection process ranges from one to five. Linkage association with two loci have been found; however, with a low probability level (p = 0.292).

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Nazymok, Y. V. "Variant anatomy of the sigmoid colon and sigmoidorectal segment in the third trimester fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18452.

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Rusnak, V. F. "Topography of pharynx in the fetuses in the 11-12th weeks of human ontogenesis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19331.

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Rusnak, V. F. "Topography of the pharynx in the fetuses of the sixth week of human ontogenesis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18458.

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40

Komar, T. V. "Topographic and anatomical features of the peroneal artery in 4-month-old human fetuses." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19350.

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VALENTE, Angela. "The development of motor activity: observing spontaneous behavior in fetuses, preterm and term infants." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388848.

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Nowadays, ultrasound examinations in 3D and 4D are promoting the concept of continuity in human motor behavior. The most recent studies on the central nervous have focused both on the general movements of the body and on facial expressions, in order to identify additional evaluation criteria to understand the neuro-behavioral development. The aim of this study is to observe spontaneous motor behavior from the beginning of movement during prenatal life. The observation of human motor behavior is related to the normal function of central nervous system and it can detect early, or even before birth, the integrity of central nervous system (Di Pietro, 2005). In order to describe spontaneous behavior before and after birth, we are going to dedicate the first experiment to code spontaneous motor activity in a group of fetuses and preterm infants at the same gestational age. To code behavior we adopted a new coding scale made by 21 behavioral motor patterns, deriving from the descriptive categories of behavior observed in fetuses, preterm and full-term infants. Comparison between preterm infants and fetuses at the same gestational age was allowed to understand the ontogeny of spontaneous motor activity, but it also helped us to highlight the differences in behavior from the prenatal period to postnatal life. In the second experiment we investigate how appetite condition, as a primary motivational factor, modulates behavior in premature newborns. Results suggest that we can find a modulation in behavior expression also during preterm development and that this modulation is functional to attention seeking and to nutrition. The third experiment compares behavior between full-term and preterm newborns at the same post-conceptional age. Results state there are differences in behavioral motor patterns, as a result of the different behavioral state regulation and coming from the different types of maturational and environmental development. Thanks to these experiments we can confirm that our new behavioral motor patterns coding scale is sensitive to behavior exhibited by fetuses, preterm and full-term infants. Spontaneous behavior is an activity endogenously generated by the CNS which reflects the state of neural development. Behaviors is sensitive to changes in physiological and motivational functions. The study of spontaneous behavior allows us to understand the evolutionary trajectories of specific functions and to inquire into newborn well-being. The value of these observations is twofold, because it opens the way for a new approach both scientific and diagnostic.

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Turner, Anita Jillian Connelly. "Ultrasound measures of growth in the normal and the growth restricted fetal guinea pig." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27664.

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The first chapter gives an overview of the literature available on the topic of IUGR. The second and third chapters involve the creation of normal ranges for ultrasound measures of growth and umbilical placental blood flow in the fetal guinea pig. The fourth chapter describes techniques used to cause growth parameters mentioned above, to describe the pattern of IUGR.

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Jones, Geraint Vaughan. "Intrauterine effects of male mouse fetuses on the adult reproductive physiology of their female siblings." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358556.

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Martseniak, I. V., and I. Yu Oliynyk. "The structure changes of the fetuses buccal region soft tissues morphology in the developmental dynamics." Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/16800.

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45

Sheridan, Carolin. "Early development of cortical brain responses in newborns and fetuses cognitive studies with fetal magnetoencephalography /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.

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46

Fahy, Anna Laura. "VASCULARIZATION OF THE PANCREAS AND ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTED FETUSES AND LAMBS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192322.

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Chang, T. C. "Diagnosis of growth retardation in small fetuses : serial ultrasound assessment of abdomimal circumference and fetal weight." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283358.

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48

Popova, I. S. "Developmental features of the anterior neck triangle in human fetuses during prenatal period of human ontogenesis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19353.

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Smoleniec, John Stefan. "Preterm fetal behavioural states and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324366.

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50

Orent, Shayna L. "Fetuses Are People, Too?: How Images of Sonograms in Popular Culture Affect Our Conception of Fetal Personhood." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/101.

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This thesis explores the way popular culture imitates and reinforces a sentimentalized reading of sonogram images that has been established by the conservative Right as the proper way to view this image. It analyzes several popular culture texts to expose the way their use of sonogram images personifies the fetus. It aims to problematize the way this image has become a symbol of fetal personhood and initiate a discussion about our roles as consumers of popular culture and images. Finally, it connects the use of this image to recent legislation surrounding mandatory ultrasounds and personhood initiatives, and argues that the public’s acceptance of fetal personhood is dangerous for women’s personhood and citizenship.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fetuses'

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