Academic literature on the topic 'Fetus Movement'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fetus Movement"

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Sekulic, S., G. Kekovic, Danka Filipovic, M. Drapsin, Jelena Podgorac, Ljiljana Martac, and Aleksandra Novakov-Mikic. "Monitoring the progressive increase of the longest episode of spontaneous movements in Guinea pig fetus." Archives of Biological Sciences 65, no. 4 (2013): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1304459s.

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The aim of this work was to determine the changes in the duration of spontaneous movements in the guinea pig fetus after the appearance of its first movements. Every day from the 25th to the 35th gestation day, one fetus from each of twenty pregnant animals was examined by ultrasound. Fetal movements were observed for 5 min. The episode with the longest period of movement was taken into consideration and was recorded as: <1 s, 1-3 s, and >3 s. Days 25 and 26 were characterized by episodes lasting <1 s; days 29 to 31 were dominated by episodes lasting 1-3 s, and days 34 and 35 by episodes lasting >3 s (?2 = 140.51 p <0.05). Tracking the dynamics of progressive increases in the longest episode of spontaneous movement could be a useful factor in estimating the maturity and condition of a fetus.
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Liu, Yuwei, Rongrong Xuan, Yuhuan He, Feng Ren, and Yaodong Gu. "Computation of Fetal Kicking in Various Fetal Health Examinations: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074366.

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Fetal movement has always been considered an essential indicator to evaluate the health of the unborn fetus. Many factors affect fetal movement. The frequency of fetal kicking is an important measurement of whether fetal development is progressing and healthy. Various instruments and methods of detecting fetal movement have been used and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Although limited by the fetal environment in utero, the finite element method and musculoskeletal model can be used to calculate fetal lower limb movement. This review aims to summarize the current detection techniques for fetal movement, especially in the lower limbs. These will be outlined by describing the different measurements of fetal movement, and the related biomechanical analyses of fetal lower limb skeletogenesis and the associated muscular development to better evaluate and calculate the movements of the fetus in the womb.
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Zhao, Xiaoxue, Jan Awrejcewicz, Jianpeng Li, Yuhuan He, and Yaodong Gu. "The Lower Limb Movements of the Fetus in Uterus: A Narrative Review." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2023 (January 23, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4324889.

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The fetus movements play an important role in fetal well-being. With the continuous advancement of real-time scanning machines, it is feasible to observe the fetus movement in detail. The characteristics of fetal lower limb movements in prenatal examination have not been systematically investigated. This review proposes the patterns of fetal lower limb movements, the maternal influence on fetal lower limb movements, and the application of fetal lower limb movements for the diagnosis of prenatal diseases. A systematic search of literature on the lower limb movements of the fetus in uterus was performed in the databases, namely, Web of Science and Scopus. Thirty-four publications were selected. This review demonstrates that isolated fetal lower limb movements are rare and always accompanied with the movements of other body segments. Detection of the presence of fetal leg movements seems to be of no diagnostic value for fetuses with prenatal diseases. The isolated lower limb movement was statistically significant different between fetuses of low- and high-risk pregnant women. The coordinated movements of the fetal lower limbs and other parts should be considered when analyzing fetal movements in the future study.
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Lee, Liza, Yu-Hsin Chang, Wei-Ju Liang, and Yao-Cing Huang. "The Effect of Music Intervention on Fetal Education via Doppler Fetal Monitor." Children 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060918.

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This study focused on the effects of music intervention on fetal education in pregnant women. The fetal heart rate of the fetus at 30–38 weeks of gestational age was monitored by an ultrasound Doppler fetal monitor, and differences in the frequency of fetal movement responses to familiar and unfamiliar music courses were recorded and analyzed. The analysis results showed that the fetuses had less fetal movement to fixed singing activities, with a mean of 0.7 and a standard deviation of 0.79. On the contrary, the fetuses had significant fetal movement responses to irregular singing, with a mean of 1.73 and a standard deviation of 1.37. The results showed that the fetus receives external sounds through hearing, and a pregnant woman singing fixed music to her fetus can stabilize the frequency of fetal movement, promote the health of herself and the fetus, and establish maternal-fetal bonding.
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DIVIETI, L., M. GALLI, and R. SALVI. "POSTURE AND MOVEMENT IN PREGNANCY." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 05, no. 02 (March 1995): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202595000097.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects caused by increasing weight of maternal abdomen on the vertebral column. We study this argument because women with typical pathologies of vertebral column as scoliosis present, after pregnancy, a worsening of pathology. The progression of scoliosis in pregnant patients presents one of the most debatable and not yet clarified topic for the inherent hazard for mother and fetus in the traditional X-ray examination. For this work, the posture and movement of six pregnant subjects, three females bearing an artificial abdomen and two men too, have been analyzed using a particular equipment (EL.I.TE) that is not dangerous for patients. We analyze also the effects on the abdominal skin (ladders) due to the abdomen extension for fetus development studying a function which gives an approximation of abdominal profile, using a hydrodynamic model, to calculate the volume and the weight of the abdomen in the different pregnancy periods and also to analyze the causes of ladders.
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Samutri, Erni, and Lia Endriyani. "Education of fetal movement counting: an effort to increase knowledge and compliance of pregnant women to do self-assessment of fetal wellbeing." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2021.9(1).68-75.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Decreased movements of the fetus can indicate decrease supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and increase the risk of fetal compromised, even stillbirth. Providing accurate information on fetal movements will help mother to make right decision when dealing with decreased fetal movements. This study aims to determine the effect of fetal movement counting education on knowledge and compliance of pregnant women in performing fetal movement counting.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This pre-experimental study allocated 32 pregnant women at 28-37 weeks gestation to practice daily fetal movement counting for 3 weeks. The intervention was a package of fetal movement counting education and practice for 3 weeks. Knowledge on fetal movement counting was measured 4 times by a validated questionnaire and compliance was measured in the end of intervention. Friedman test was used to analyze the changes of women knowledge on fetal movement counting.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that there was an increase in women knowledge on fetal movement counting from 52.94% to 86.10% at the end of intervention, by the highest score in the technihue for fetal movement counting (93.67%). Comparison of 4 measurement periods showed significant changes in knowledge (p &lt;0.000), with a tendency of rise in knowledge. The compliance in performing fetal movement counting was high about 96%.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Education of fetal movement counting will increases the knowledge regarding fetal movement. Providing appropriate education and continuous follow-up will increase women’s awareness on the importance of fetal movement monitoring and rise up their compliance to do so.</p>
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Sekulić, Slobodan, Damir Lukač, Minja Drapšin, Ivan Čapo, Dušan Lalošević, and Aleksandra Novakov-Mikić. "Ultrasonographic observations of the maturation of basic movements in guinea pig fetuses." Open Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-008-0054-1.

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AbstractUltrasonography has not previously been used for studying fetal movements in precocial rodents. The objective of this study was to ultrasonographically determine the sequence of the appearance of basic movements in a guinea pig fetus. The research included eight guinea pig females carrying one fetus each. Fetal movements were observed for 10 minutes each day, from the 25th to 38th day of gestation. The time and sequence of the appearance of movements was observed as follows: whole body flexion (mean 27.6 SD ± 1.68), whole body extension (mean 28.1 SD ± 1.12), head flexion (mean 28.1 SD ± 1.80), head extension (mean 30.5 SD ± 2.67) forelimbs flexion (mean 30.5 SD ± 2.32), forelimbs extension (mean 30.7 SD ± 1.84), trunk rotation (mean 31.9 SD ± 2.23), forelimbs alternating flexion and extension (mean 32.1 SD ± 2.1), hind limbs extension (mean 32.2 SD ± 3.2), hind limbs flexion (mean 32.4 SD ± 3.16), and hind limbs alternating flexion and extension (mean 33.5 SD ± 2.39). The identical sequences of basic movement appearances in guinea pigs, sheep, and rats suggest that the rostrocaudal gradient of basic movement appearance could be a general developmental pattern in mammalian species.
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VELAZQUEZ, MARIA D., and WILLIAM F. RAYBURN. "Antenatal Evaluation of the Fetus Using Fetal Movement Monitoring." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200212000-00006.

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Kleven, Gale A., Maura S. Lane, and Scott R. Robinson. "Development of Interlimb Movement Synchrony in the Rat Fetus." Behavioral Neuroscience 118, no. 4 (2004): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.118.4.835.

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Cohen, S., N. Parvizi, E. J. H. Mulder, H. A. Van Oord, F. H. Jonker, G. C. Van Der Weijden, and M. A. M. Taverne. "Effects of morphine and naloxone on fetal heart rate and movement in the pig." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1577.

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To test the hypothesis that an increasing opioid tonus is involved in decreases in fetal heart rate (FHR) and movement (FM) during late gestation, we studied the effects of intravenous bolus injections of morphine (1 mg) and naloxone (1 mg) on FHR and FM in the fetal pig. Twenty-one fetuses (1 per sow) were catheterized at 90–104 days of gestation (median 100 days). Recordings of FHR (electrocardiograph or Doppler-derived signals) and FM (ultrasonography) were made from 15 min before to 45 min after treatment. Morphine administration significantly decreased FHR, but it increased FHR variation and forelimb movements (LM). LM were clustered, and this stereotyped behavior has never before been observed in any mammalian fetus. Naloxone administration increased gross body movements and FHR without significant changes in FHR variation. It is concluded that FHR and motility are under opioidergic control in the pig fetus. Both morphine and naloxone induce hypermotility, suggesting that naloxone does not act as a pure opioid antagonist in the fetal pig.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fetus Movement"

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Kalache, Karim Djaffar. "Die fetale intratracheale Lungenflüssigkeitsdynamik." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13719.

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In dieser Arbeit werden die intratrachealen Doppler-Fluáparameter w?hrend der FAB bei 47 gesunden menschliche Feten im zweiten und dritten Trimenon analysiert. Die Dauer der Inspiration, die Dauer der Exspiration sowie die Atemfrequenz unterlagen zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen nur geringen Ver?nderungen. Wir konnten zwischen der 24. und der 35. SSW einen signifikanten Anstieg des medianen intratrachealen Fluávolumens w?hrend der regelm?áigen FAB mit zunehmendem Gestationsalter nachweisen. Das fetale Atemzugvolumen fiel dagegen nach der 36. SSW ab. Die Differenz zwischen dem inspiratorischen Fluávolumen und dem exspiratorischen zeigte einen interessanten Verlauf mit einer positiven Bilanz in den ersten vier Gruppen (20.-35. SSW) und eine negative Bilanz in der letzten Gruppe (36.-40. SSW). Dies k?nnte bedeuten, daá nach der 36. SSW w?hrend der ausgew?hlten Atemepisoden tendenziell mehr Fl?ssigkeit aus- als eingeatmet wurde. Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, daá in den letzten Wochen vor der Geburt eine wichtige Umstellung der fetalen Ventilation stattfindet, die einen Abfall der Lungenfl?ssigkeit bewirkt. Ferner konnten wir zeigen, daá die Trachea beim Schafsfeten sonographisch darstellbar ist. Es konnte ferner gezeigt werden, daá die mittels hochaufl?sender Sonographie durchgef?hrten Trachealmessungen mit den pathologischen Messungen ?bereinstimmten.
Assessment of tracheal fluid flow was obtained in 47 healthy human fetuses (GA 20-40 weeks) in which FBM were seen by B-Mode scan. Color Doppler was applied to visualise the tracheal fluid flow, followed by spectral Doppler to record the velocity waveforms. The breathing rate, the inspiration and expiration time and the volume obtained by integration of the tracheal fluid flow displaced during fetal breathing were calculated. The fetal breathing rate was not different between the groups. Both the time of inspiration and expiration showed a significant increase at 24 weeks followed by a constant course until Term. The volume of tracheal fluid flow moved during inspiration (Vi) and expiration (Ve) increased until 35 weeks followed by a flattening until term suggesting either a reduction of lung liquid production or a diminished lung liquid volume. The median difference between Vi and Ve was positive in the first four age groups and negative in the last one, suggesting that mature fetuses have the tendency to expire more than to inspire. We furthermore showed that in the ovine fetus at mid-gestation shows that optimal views of the fetal trachea allowing accurate measurements can be obtained in almost all the cases.
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"A Fetus By Any Other Name: How Words Shaped the Fetal Personhood Movement in US Courts and Society (1884-1973)." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57191.

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abstract: The 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade was a significant event in the story of fetal personhood—the story of whether embryos and fetuses are legal persons. Roe legalized abortion care in the United States (US). However, the story of fetal personhood began long before the 1970s. People have been talking about embryos, fetuses, and their status in science, the law, and society for centuries. I studied the history of fetal personhood in the United States, tracing its origins from Ancient Rome and Medieval England to its first appearance in a US courtroom in 1884 and then to the Supreme Court’s decision in 1973. But this isn’t a history of events—of names and dates and typical details. This is a history of words. In the twenty-first century, words used to discuss embryos and fetuses are split. Some people use humanizing language like “unborn children” and “human life.” Others use technical words like “embryos” and “fetuses.” I studied what words people used historically. I charted how words moved from science to the public to the law, and how they impacted court rulings on fetal personhood. The use of certain words nudged courts to grant additional rights to embryos and fetuses. In the 1960s, writers began describing the science of development, using words like “unborn child” and humanizing descriptions to make embryos and fetuses seem like people already born. That helped build an idea of embryos and fetuses as having “life” before birth. When people began asking courts to legalize abortion care in the 1970s, attorneys on the opposite side argued that embryos and fetuses were “human life,” and that that “life” began at conception. In those cases, “life” was biologically defined as when sperm fertilized egg, but it was on that biological definition “life” that judges improperly rested their legal rulings that embryos and fetuses were “potential human life” states had a duty to protect. It wasn’t legal personhood, but it was a legal status that let states pass laws restricting abortion care and punishing pregnant people for their behavior, trends that threaten people’s lives and autonomy in the twenty-first century.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2020
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Books on the topic "Fetus Movement"

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W, Sparling Joyce, ed. Concepts in fetal movement research. New York: Haworth Press, 1993.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Development of Normal Fetal Movements: The First 25 Weeks of Gestation. Milano: Springer-Verlag Milan, 2010.

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Fetal medicine: Principles and practice. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1995.

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A love for life: Christianity's consistent protection of the unborn. Eugene, Ore: Wipf & Stock, 2008.

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Els fets del 6 dóctubre de 1934. Barcelona: Editorial Base, 2013.

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Kato, Masae. Women's rights?: Social movements, abortion, and eugenics in modern Japan. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden, 2005.

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Sparling, Joyce W. Concepts in Fetal Movement Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Sparling, Joyce W. Concepts in Fetal Movement Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Sparling, Joyce W. Concepts in Fetal Movement Research. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Pastuszek, Eric J. Is the Fetus Human? Tan Books & Publishers, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fetus Movement"

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Piontelli, Alessandra. "Main Fetal Movements and Some Known Functions." In Citizen Fetus, 185–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17161-1_9.

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Dawes, G. S. "The Control of Breathing Movements in the Fetus." In Control of Breathing During Sleep and Anesthesia, 133–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9850-0_25.

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Nijhuis, J. G. "Breathing Movements in the Human Fetus in Normoxia and Hypoxia." In OXYGEN: Basis of the Regulation of Vital Functions in the Fetus, 117–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77469-0_12.

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Dawes, G. S. "Fetal Breathing Movements in Normoxia and in Hypoxia." In OXYGEN: Basis of the Regulation of Vital Functions in the Fetus, 46–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77469-0_5.

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"Behavioral States in the Human Fetus." In Concepts in Fetal Movement Research, 144–66. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203729274-13.

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"Periods of Activity and Inactivity in the 12-to 16-Week Fetus." In Concepts in Fetal Movement Research, 167–83. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203729274-14.

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LoBue, Vanessa. "The Fifth Month." In 9 Months In, 9 Months Out, 65–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863388.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the development of the fetus in the fifth month of pregnancy. After discovering that her fetus was inconveniently sleeping through an important ultrasound, the author discusses the science of infant sleep, why fetuses and newborns sleep so much, and the potential importance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a fetus’s developing visual system. She then discusses at length various sleep-related issues relevant to infancy, including the controversial issues of co-sleeping (whether parents should do it and why), and an in-depth description of the research on sleep training and its potential short term and long terms effects on infants.
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Roth, Louise Marie. "Law Matters." In The Business of Birth, 31–61. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479812257.003.0003.

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This chapter explores theories about how laws and organizations influence each other. First, the chapter explores the purpose of tort laws and the goals of the tort reform movement and uses them to define provider-friendly and patient-friendly tort regimes. An analysis of the effects of tort laws on obstetric malpractice lawsuits illustrates that, contrary to expectations, the rate of lawsuits is higher in states where tort reforms have reduced healthcare providers’ liability risk. The chapter then uses reproductive justice theory to examine reproductive health laws that govern contraception, abortion, midwifery, prenatal substance use, and fetal rights. These laws define fetus-centered and woman-centered reproductive rights regimes.
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Higuchi, Toru, and Marvin Troutt. "Prerequisite Conditions for Commercializing." In Life Cycle Management in Supply Chains, 124–46. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-555-9.ch005.

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This chapter focuses on the period that precedes commercialization of the product and is based on the VCR case study. Only one or a few companies can succeed, usually after many attempts, in developing a sufficiently excellent product to achieve the dominant design. In this chapter, first, the time until the emergence of the dominant design is separated into three parts: the embryo period, the fetus period, and the birth period. Next, the basic requirements for achieving commercial success are discussed. It is very important for any new category of products to satisfy all the minimum consumer requirements rather than to improve a critical factor because those products which can not satisfy some minimum requirements are defective and will not diffuse widely. To complement the discussion in this chapter, the movement of Sony and JVC in this period and the emergence of the video software industry are explained.
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LoBue, Vanessa. "The Sixth Month." In 9 Months In, 9 Months Out, 79–90. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863388.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the development of the fetus in the sixth month of pregnancy. As the third and final trimester approaches, the author is distinctly aware of her pregnancy with her growing size and the fetus’s forceful and distinct movements. She describes the fetus’s kicking behavior and a variety of reflexes that are fully developed in the fetus by the sixth month of pregnancy, including rooting, sucking, and grasping. She goes on to discuss the appearance of newborn reflexes at birth and why these reflexes disappear in the first few months of life, using detailed research on the stepping reflex as an example. She concludes by discussing other important newborn screening tests, including the APGAR and PKU testing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fetus Movement"

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Nowlan, Niamh C., Paula Murphy, and Patrick J. Prendergast. "Mechanical Stimuli Resulting From Embryonic Muscle Contractions Promote Avian Periosteal Bone Collar Formation." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-172077.

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Mechanical forces due to muscle contractions play an essential role in embryonic skeletal development. In neuromuscular conditions such as congenital myotonic dystrophy, where movement of the fetus in utero is reduced or absent, the bones and joints of the newborn often show malformations [1]. In this paper, we examine the effect of muscle contractions on embryonic bone development. We propose the hypothesis that mechanical loading due to muscle contractions promotes periosteal ossification and we test this hypothesis using computational and experimental methods. A set of FE analyses were performed using anatomically realistic morphologies and loading conditions, at several timepoints during development, in order to identify biophysical stimuli active during bone formation. Avian immobilization experiments were performed to examine bone growth in the absence of skeletal muscle contractions.
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Watson, R., M. Kohl, P. O'Brien, S. Lawrence, DT Delpy, and M. Cope. "Fetal Brain Oxygenation during Labor studied by Frequency Domain Spectroscopy." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ap14.

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Hypoxic-ischemia of the brain (tissue oxygen deficiency due to obstructed circulation) during birth can result in neurological impairment and consequently patients that may require specialised care for the remainder of their life. An accurate method for measuring fetal brain oxygenation is therefore required. Traditional clinical techniques do not directly measure cerebral oxygenation and are unpleasant for both the mother and fetus. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a technique that allows changes in tissue chromophore concentrations to be measured non-invasively. Most NIR spectrometers use algorithms which assume that the optical pathlength of the light in the tissue does not change during the measurement. In the area of fetal NIR spectroscopy, it is of interest to determine whether contraction induced optical pathlength changes produce significant errors in the estimated concentration changes. An intensity modulated optical spectrometer (MOS) can provide optical pathlength information in addition to the pure intensity data provided by traditional NIR spectrometers. An MOS is used here to investigate the influence of contractions on the change in the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin status in the fetal brain. It was found that in most cases the changes in optical pathlength did not contribute significantly to any error. It appears that the pathlength changes are primarily due to contraction induced absorption changes. It also appears that artefactual pathlength and absorption changes, which occur due to maternal movement, while to0 complicated to physically characterise are readily recognisable in the raw data.
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Fu, Luoyu, Peiqi Yi, Zikun Gao, and Yan Gan. "Design and Research of Flexible Wearable Medical Testing Equipment for Pregnant Women." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001478.

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Pregnant women, as a special group, bear the mission of nurturing and continuing human life. Pregnant women need to experience psychological and physiological changes in the tenth month of pregnancy. In the special "post-epidemic era", it is hard and unsafe for pregnant women to go to the hospital regularly for birth check-up. In order to make pregnant women have a better prenatal experience, our team wants to design a wearable device, which can monitor the fetal heart rate and the frequency of fetal movement, so that pregnant women can also realize routine detection of the fetal condition at home, and protect the growth health and safety of the fetus. In this design, questionnaire interview, literature search and collaborative story telling are used to deeply understand the pain points of pregnant women's antenatal examination, the development status of wearable devices for pregnant women at home and abroad, pregnant women's preferences and so on. Then, determine the product use process, product functional structure and product packaging. This design adopts cutting-edge technologies such as flexible sensors, and combines ergonomics and kansei engineering. The product obtains the data and information of pregnant women and fetuses, and then through sorting and analysis, the results are intuitively transmitted to pregnant women, pregnant women's relatives or doctors in the matching APP, so that users can clearly obtain the health data of pregnant women in real time. Realize early warning of physical abnormalities of infants and mothers, early warning and early treatment, so as to better protect the safety and health of pregnant women and fetuses during pregnancy. After the usability test, the interviewed pregnant women thought that the design had a certain effect.
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Kumar, Sarwan, Sneh Anand, and Amit Sengupta. "Real-Time Monitoring of Fetus Movements and Uterine Contractions Using MEMS Acoustic Sensor." In 2010 Seventh International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2010.161.

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Yamada, Yasunori, Keiko Fujii, and Yasuo Kuniyoshi. "Impacts of environment, nervous system and movements of preterms on body map development: Fetus simulation with spiking neural network." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2013.6652548.

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Briggs, Brandi N., and Virginia L. Ferguson. "Shear and Friction in the Delamination of Human Chorioamnion." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19681.

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The chorioamnion (CA), or placental, membrane is the sac that surrounds the fetus in utero. It is comprised of two layers; the inner fibrous amnion, composed of mainly collagen, and the thick, cellular chorion. The CA membrane exhibits incredible toughness under tension, while still allowing the two layers to easily slide over one another1,2. The interface between the chorion and amnion consists of gyri (folds) and sulci (furrows)3, which enable the two layers to tightly interlock and facilitate the intact membrane’s resistance to tension. This complex structure also allows the two layers to expand during gestation without losing mechanical integrity. The gyrus and sulcus from one section are believed to uncouple, slide laterally, and then lock into their new position while the remaining membrane is unaffected by the motion3. SEM imaging of freeze-fractured CA has revealed a multitude of fine fibers connecting the two layers as illustrated in Figure 1. These are suggested to serve as “guy ropes”, which restrict the amount that the two layers could slide over one another3. Also of importance at this interface is the presence of hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan. The hyaluronan has been suggested to reduce the resistance between the two layers so that they may glide over one another more easily throughout gestation and with vigorous fetal movements1. The combination of the elaborate topography of the interface and the lubricating glycosaminoglycans present throughout this layer play a role in the mechanics of the interface between chorion and amnion.
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Suryani, Lilis. "Birthing Ball Therapy on the Long-Term Maternal and Labor Pain Among Primigravida Mother in Private Practice Midwives, Madiun, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.08.

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ABSTRACT Background: Childbirth is a physiological process which is the process of releasing the product of conception from the uterus. Normal delivery occurs at 37 – 42 weeks of gestation, where the fetus is mature. Labor cannot be separated from labor pain. Several studies have shown that in primitive societies, labor is longer and painful, whereas in advanced societies 7-14% give birth with minimal pain and most (90%) are accompanied by pain and unavoidable pain. The birth ball is a physical therapy ball that helps the delivery of the first stage to help labor progress. A physical therapy ball that helps labor progress and can be used to share positions. One of the movements is to sit on the ball and shake it to comfort and help labor progress. This study aimed to examine the birthing ball therapy on the long-term maternal and labor pain among primigravida mother in private practice midwives, Madiun, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Madiun, East Java. The total of 40 pregnant women were divided into 20 mothers with birthing ball therapy and 20 mothers without birthing ball therapy. The dependent variables were length of the first period of labor and intensity of labor pain. The independent variables were birthing ball therapy. Data were collected using an observation sheet. The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression. Results: The use of birth ball was positively associated with the length of the first period of labor (OR = 5.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 25.4; p = 0.042) and intensity of labor pain (OR = 7.57; 95% CI= 1.53 to 37.3; p = 0.013) and they were statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of birth balls is proven to be effective in shortening stage 1 and reducing pain intensity. Keywords: birthing ball therapy, labor pain, maternal delivery Correspondent: Lilis Suryani. Academy of Midwifery Muhammadiyah Madiun. Jl. Lumbung Life No. 2A Ex. Ngegong Kec. Manguharjo, Madiun City. Email: lsuryani784@gmail.com. Mobile: 08125954726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.08
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