Academic literature on the topic 'Fetus Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fetus Case studies"
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Mackenzie, Thomas B., Theodore C. Nagel, and Barbara Katz Rothman. "Case Studies: When a Pregnant Woman Endangers Her Fetus." Hastings Center Report 16, no. 1 (February 1986): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562466.
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Nathani, Richa S., and Zeba Nisar. "A Rare Case Report of Molar Pregnancy with Coexisting Fetus." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 04, no. 01 (January 2018): 037–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10053-0069.
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Abstract Aim: Here we report a molar pregnancy with a coexisting fetus progressing to a viable, healthy infant which is an extreme rarity, with the incidence of 0.005–0.01% of all the pregnancies. Background: Partial mole is defined as excessive trophoblastic proliferation with normal and hydropic villi and presence of a fetus or a fetal circulation with nucleated cells. Partial molar pregnancy with a singleton live fetes is a rare condition. it is commonly seen with twin gestation and it is rare with singleton pregnancy Case report: A 30 years old primigravida, referred from a private hospital at 38 weeks of gestation delivered a phenotypically normal and healthy infant 2200 gm in weight by caesarean section. The placenta weighed 500 gms and on sectioning revealed widespread, grape-like vesicles. Light microscopy revealed normal villi coexisting with villi showing hydropic change and cistern formation and diffuse circumferential trophoblastic hyperplasia consistent with molar change. A diagnosis of partial molar pregnancy with normal fetus was made. Conclusion: Very few twin pregnancies with a hydatidiform mole and a foetus continue to term as they often have spontaneous or induced terminations for maternal complications Management of molar changes associated with normal appearing fetus still remains challenging as not many studies have been done due to rarity of this disorder. Clinical significance: Though the general trend is to terminate pregnancy in foetus with coexistent mole in anticipation of complications, under close surveillance, optimal outcomes can be achieved. Monitoring of serum β-hCG, serial ultrasound for fetal growth, size of molar component, and theca lutein cysts can help to predict good patient outcomes.
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Potrony, Miriam, Antoni Borrell, Narcís Masoller, Alfons Nadal, Leonardo Rodriguez-Carunchio, Karmele Saez de Gordoa Elizalde, Juan Francisco Quesada-Espinosa, et al. "Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome 11: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133570.
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Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 11 (LCCS11) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the GLDN gene on chromosome 15q21. GLDN encodes gliomedin, a protein required for the formation of the nodes of Ranvier and development of the human peripheral nervous system. We report a fetus with ultrasound alterations detected at 28 weeks of gestation. The fetus exhibited hydrops, short long bones, fixed limb joints, absent fetal movements, and polyhydramnios. The pregnancy was terminated and postmortem studies confirmed the prenatal findings: distal arthrogryposis, fetal growth restriction, pulmonary hypoplasia, and retrognathia. The fetus had a normal chromosomal microarray analysis. Exome sequencing revealed two novel compound heterozygous variants in the GLDN associated with LCCS11. This manuscript reports this case and performs a literature review of all published LCCS11 cases.
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Ku, Vanessa, Srikanth Mukkera, Nathan Joshua Manales, Asley Sanchez, and Kushal Gandhi. "Repeated cholestyramine washouts in a pregnant patient on leflunomide: A case report." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100117z08vk2022cr.
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Introduction: Leflunomide is a disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is considered as a category X drug because it is contraindicated during pregnancy (studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus, and/or human or animal studies have shown fetal abnormalities; risks of the drug outweigh the potential benefits). In women attempting to conceive, it is necessary to ensure that leflunomide levels are undetectable in plasma to prevent the risk of fetal malformations. An 11-day treatment of cholestyramine has been shown to lower leflunomide active metabolite levels to near undetectable levels. Case Report: In this case report, we discuss an RA patient taking leflunomide, who had an unintended pregnancy requiring two treatment courses of cholestyramine for complete washout of leflunomide. A C-section was performed at 39 weeks and 3 days due to concerns about the fetus’ health and was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage. The infant received Apgar scores of 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes. The infant was also found with no birth anomalies and was deemed healthy at a check-up of nine months of age. Conclusion: Although a single 11-day treatment is typically sufficient to safely lower the concentration of leflunomide, it is important to remeasure the leflunomide active metabolite levels after the treatment course of cholestyramine to ensure that levels have reached zero. When leflunomide levels remain significantly elevated, a second treatment course of cholestyramine is required, otherwise the fetus could potentially be exposed to its teratogenic properties.
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Fatima Khidri, Feriha, Faiza Kamran Ali, Beenish Ghafar, and Hafsa Shabir Ahmed. "The Intrapartum eclampsia: A case series presented at Tertiary Care Hospital." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 08 (August 10, 2019): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.08.1130.
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Preeclampsia is the complex disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Preeclampsia if complicated can progress to eclampsia, endangering life of both mother and fetus. Eclampsia occurring during delivery is referred as intrapartum eclampsia. Few studies have been conducted on intrapartum eclampsia, as it is less frequent in developed countries due to the availability of better health care facilities and awareness. Here we report a case series of patients presented with intrapartum eclampsia presented at a tertiary care hospital.
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van Lijnschoten, Gesina, Johanna E. M. Groener, Saskia M. Maas, Yoav Ben-Yoseph, Koert P. Dingemans, and G. Johan A. Offerhaus. "Intrauterine Fetal Death Due to Farber Disease: Case Report." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 3, no. 6 (November 2000): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100240010107.
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We report a case of Farber disease in a fetus who died in utero at a gestational age of 29 weeks. Macroscopic examination showed moderate postmortem changes in a microcephalic female fetus (46,XX) with mild internal hydrops, two vessels in the umbilical cord, and a moderately enlarged, relatively well-preserved spleen. Microscopic examination showed foamy cells in the spleen. Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of Farber bodies within these foamy cells. Enzyme studies of the fetus were not possible because all tissues were formalin fixed. Lipids were extracted from formalin-fixed tissues and increased levels of ceramide and the presence of hydroxyceramide in tissue of the spleen, liver, and lung were found. Glucosylceramide was not increased excluding saposin-precursor-deficiency. Because of these findings, both parents were tested for acid ceramidase activity in their leukocytes. They both had markedly reduced enzyme activity consistent with heterozygosity for Farber disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of Farber disease in Dutch nonconsanguineous parents.
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Galagan, Vira O., Yuliia V. Dudierina, and Anna O. Pavlova. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosome 22q11.21 Microduplication Syndrome in a Fetus with Congenital Malformation of the Cardiovascular System: Case Report." Ukrainian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 30, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30702/ujcvs/22.30(03)/gd037-98103.
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A clinical case of microduplication of chromosome 22q11.21 in a fetus with a malformation of the cardiovascular system (vascular ring) is presented. This anatomical variant of the vascular ring is extremely rare and is formed by the pathological circumflex retroesophageal left-sided cervical aortic arch with the left arterial ductus arteriosus. The anatomical features of the circumflex cervical aortic arch are the left-sided pathological curved aortic arch in combination with the right-sided descending aorta. This vascular pathology can cause compression of the trachea and esophagus. This variant of the vascular ring is extremely unfavorable for surgical correction. Chromosome 22q11.21 microduplication syndrome is associated with the clinical presentation of “cat eye syndrome”. The clinical case description shows unique data from instrumental and genetic studies. All stages of examination of a pregnant woman from primary to tertiary medical care are described. The features and importance of a multidisciplinary approach are also presented.
Every case of congenital heart defect in fetus, confirmed by echocardiographic method in a specialized institution, requires medical and genetic counseling. Using of the highly sensitive specific molecular cytogenetic method, comparative genomic hybridization, in prenatal diagnosis allows for timely diagnosis of microstructural disorders of chromosomes in fetus. Follow-up of a pregnant woman with congenital heart defect in the fetus requires a multidisciplinary approach not only to improve diagnosis and treatment, but also to calculate genetic risk.
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Shetty, Ashmitha Kishan, Swaroop Hegde, Jayaraman Anbu, and Ashish Jagannath Rai. "Review on Human Placental Proteomics." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19529ecst.
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The human placenta plays a crucial part during conception of another human life. Through this time the placenta forms and grows along with the fetus and removed after the birth of the child. The human placenta is rich in proteins and other nutrients required for the growth of the fetus is now discarded. The proteins present in the placenta is studied by extracting proteins from the spongy tissue or by growing the cells in culture media. Use of appropriate technique is also essential in case of diagnosis of pathological condition or to use these proteins as potent drug. This paper reviews the basic components of the placenta and proteomic techniques used in various studies for normal and pathological conditions in the human placenta.
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Zaiken, Kathy, and Kalindi D. Raval. "Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Pregnancy: Risks versus Benefits." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 21, no. 5 (September 2005): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250502100504.
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Objective: To identify treatment options for hypercholesterolemia in pregnant women. Data Sources: A search was conducted of MEDLINE (1966–March 2004), EMBASE (1980–March 2004), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–March 2004). Key terms included fibric acid derivatives, plant stanol/sterols, niacin, ezetimibe, vitamin E, LDL-apheresis, and fish oil. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The articles evaluated described hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy and lipid therapy options. Data Synthesis: Elevated lipid levels in pregnant women may have a negative impact on the fetus. Case reports and clinical trials from 1966 to March 2004 were evaluated for information regarding the impact of various cholesterol-lowering agents on both the mother and fetus. These case reports and trials conclude that additional studies are needed to determine their overall safety in pregnant women. Conclusions: Lipid-lowering therapies have differing levels of safety and efficacy and are not well studied in pregnant women. Therefore, a diet low in cholesterol and fat is the recommended treatment for hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy.
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Connor, Paul D. "Synthesizing Animal and Human Studies of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 5 (July 2001): 648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701225120.
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The primary focus of this volume is on the impact of alcohol on brain development. It is a perfect example of how research on both animals and humans can interact to produce very important findings. In the case of prenatal alcohol exposure, dialogue between animal and human researchers has proved to be very profitable for both lines of research. Initial observations by human researchers identified a syndrome of facial stigmata, physical malformations, and early behavioral disturbances that was related to maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy. They gave this syndrome the name Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. However, human researchers were unable to state unequivocally that prenatal alcohol exposure was teratogenic to the fetus. Thus, they turned to animal researchers who were able to model Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in a variety of animals and to confirm the teratogenicity of alcohol on the developing fetus. The quarter century of studies of the damage caused by prenatal alcohol exposure is replete with such interactions between these two groups of researchers. Without the input and pioneering studies of animal researchers on the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, human researchers would have much less understanding of the damage caused by alcohol exposure in utero or insights into possible treatment or remediation strategies for those damaged by alcohol exposure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fetus Case studies"
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Hebert, Jessica Faith. "Maternal Angiotensinogen Genotype and Fetal Sex Impact Uteroplacental Function and the Developmental Origins of Stress-Induced Hypertension." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4405.
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Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication that affects 5-10% of human pregnancies. Maternal genetic predisposition and fetal male sex are known risk factors, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To study a known maternal genetic risk factor and the impact of fetal sex, we employed a published transgenic (TG) mouse model, which was designed to mimic a common human angiotensinogen (AGT) promoter variant associated with a 20% increase in circulating AGT levels. We hypothesized that TG dams would deliver growth restricted pups and that the underlying mechanism would be related to differences in maternal uterine pregnancy-induced vascular remodeling, abnormal blood flow to the placenta, and placental damage. In addition, since growth restricted human males are at an increased risk of developing adult onset hypertension, which has been associated with reduced nephron development, we tested for developmental programming in our mouse model and the impact of fetal sex. Our results show that TG dams have reduced uterine and placental angiogenesis when their pups were males, but relatively normal angiogenesis in the female siblings compared with wild-type controls. The uterine placental bed in TG dams had abnormal pro-angiogenic/anti-angiogenic expression ratios that were related to differences in uterine natural killer cell activation and fetal sex. The abnormal phenotype could be rescued by delivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to uterine endothelial cells. Male progeny from TG dams had abnormal kidney epigenetic changes, fewer nephrons as adults, and they developed stress-induced hypertension. We conclude that the combination of maternal genetic risk and fetal male sex affect uteroplacental angiogenesis leading to FGR and the programming of stress-induced hypertension.
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Scheepers, Patricia. "Educators' knowledge of and attitudes toward fetal alcohol spectrum disorder." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2079.
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Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, which is the most common cause of mental and learning disabilities in the world, is totally preventable. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is not a genetic or inherited condition; however, it is permanent and reduces human potential. There is no cure or treatment. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder does not distinguish between race, class or culture and can affect children from all socio-economic groups. It is however more prevalent amongst poor, uneducated, uninformed and marginalised (minority groups) or aboriginal communities due to a variety of historical, sociopolitical and economic reasons. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder has become a public health problem in South Africa in provinces like the Western and Northern Cape (winegrowing areas), where substantial research has been conducted and where alcohol abuse can be traced back to the ‘dop’ system. The highest documented prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in the world has been identified in these provinces amongst a marginalised group of people classified in South Africa as ‘coloured’. A substantial amount of research has been conducted on the characteristics, manifestation and prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in South Africa, but no research has yet been done to ascertain educators’ knowledge of and attitude to learners with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. In view of the high prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in South Africa, and the possibility that many of the learners with learning and behavioural problems in our schools could be victims of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (also known as a ‘hidden disability’) I concentrated my research on schools situated in low socio-economic areas on the Cape Flats where poverty and unemployment are high and shebeens are plentiful. Through this research I firstly wished to establish how much knowledge educators have of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and what their attitudes are toward learners manifesting the disorder. Secondly, my aim was to ascertain to what extent educators are able to support and identify these learners. Qualitative research methods and an interpretive constructivist paradigm were used to conduct the study. Data was primarily collected through the use of interviews, focus group discussions, observations and a research journal. Nine participants, from three different low socio-economic schools (one from each educational phase) on the Cape Flats, were involved. Themes that emerged from the data were analysed and recorded through the constant comparative method. They are discussed together with the research findings. This study revealed important issues pertaining to educators’ knowledge of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and whether they are able to assist learners presenting with this disorder in mainstream education in South Africa. A number of recommendations are made for further research in this field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom, wat as die algemeenste oorsaak van verstandelike en leergestremdhede in die wêreld beskou word, is ʼn sindroom wat voorkom kan word. Die sindroom is nie geneties of oorerflik nie, maar die skade is permanent omdat daar geen behandeling en teenmiddel is nie. Dit het gevolglik ʼn negatiewe impak op menslike vermoëns. Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom kan kinders van alle sosioekonomiese groepe affekteer en alhoewel dit nie kultuur-, ras- of klasgebonde is nie, is dit oorwegend ʼn algemene verskynsel onder groepe met ʼn lae opvoedingspeil, diegene wat oningelig en gemarginaliseer is (minderheidsgroepe) of dié wat as inboorlinggemeenskappe bekend staan, wat toegeskryf kan word aan verskeie historiese, sosio-politieke en ekonomiese redes. Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom is tans ʼn openbare gesondheidsprobleem in Suid-Afrika, veral in die wynstreke van die Wes- en Noord-Kaap. Omvattende navorsing is al in genoemde provinsies gedoen waar alkoholmisbruik ʼn lang aanloop het en verbind word met die dopstelsel. Die Wes-Kaap en Noord-Kaap is alombekend as provinsies met die hoogste voorkomsyfer van Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom FASD in die wêreld, veral onder ʼn gemarginaliseerde groep mense wat as die kleurlinge’ bekend staan. Alhoewel omvattende navorsing oor die karaktereienskappe, manifestasies en voorkoms van Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom in Suid-Afrika reeds gedoen is, kon geen navorsing gevind word wat die kennis van opvoeders en hul en houdings jeens leerders met Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom probeer vasstel nie. As die hoë voorkoms van Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom in ag geneem word, asook die moontlikheid dat baie leerders in ons skole leer- en gedragsprobleme manifesteer, kan daar waarskynlik slagoffers van Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom wees en wie se gestremdhede dus ‘onsigbaar’ is. My navorsing fokus daarom hoofsaaklik op skole in die lae sosio-ekonomiese areas van die Kaapse Vlakte, waar armoede en werkloosheid hoogty vier en waar daar ʼn hoë voorkoms van onwettige drankwinkels (‘sjebiens’) is. My primêre doel met hierdie navorsing was om die kennis van onderwysers oor Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom te bepaal en om die houding van opvoeders jeens leerders wat met kenmerke van hierdie sindroom vas te stel. Ek wou ook vasstel tot welke mate opvoeders bevoeg om is leerders met Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom te identifiseer en te ondersteun. Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes en ʼn interpretatiewe konstruktivistiese paradigma is in die studie gebruik. Data is primêr ingesamel met behulp van onderhoude, fokusgroep-besprekings, observasies en ʼn navorsingsjoernaal. Nege deelnemers verbonde aan drie verskillende skole met lae sosio-ekonomiese vlakke (een opvoeder van elke opvoedingsfase), op die Kaapse Vlakte was by die studie betrokke. Temas wat blootgelê is deur die data is ontleed en by wyse van die konstante vergelykende metode opgeneem. Hulle word saam met die navorsingsbevindings bespreek. Die navorsing toon belangrike aspekte van opvoeders se kennis van Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom. Dit bevraagteken ook of hoofstroom-opvoeders in staat is om leerders met Fetale Alkohol Spektrumsindroom te ondersteun. Voortspruitend uit die bevindings word aanbevelings gemaak vir verdere ondersoeke op hierdie gebied.
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Silva, Rimena de Melo Germano da. "Comparação do comprimento do úmero em fetos portadores de Síndrome de Down com o comprimento do úmero em fetos normais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-20052014-105722/.
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Objetivo: Comparar o comprimento do úmero em fetos portadores de síndrome de Down (T21) com o comprimento do úmero em fetos normais, utilizando instrumentos de referência da população local. Método: Estudo caso-controle retrospectivo que comparou o comprimento do úmero de fetos normais com os fetos com T21, entre 18 semanas e 23 semanas e 6 dias. Os exames dos fetos com T21 foram realizados entre 1994 e 2012. Os controles normais foram avaliados entre 2007 e 2009. Foram analisadas as médias, medianas e desvios-padrão da idade materna, idade gestacional e medida do úmero. Posteriormente, foi feita análise da correlação entre as medidas dos úmeros e a idade gestacional, sendo seus valores expressos em múltiplos da mediana (MoMs). O comprimento do úmero dos fetos com T21 foram confrontados com os fetos normais utilizando o teste t-Student. A medida do úmero foi avaliada considerando-se os níveis de corte abaixo do percentil 10, 5 e 2,5 a fim de obter as respectivas taxas de sensibilidade. Calculou-se, ainda, a razão de verossimilhança (RV). A seguir, foi utilizado um modelo linear geral tendo a idade materna como covariável para controlar na comparação. Comparou-se, também, a medida do comprimento do úmero dos fetos normais da população local com o comprimento do úmero esperado baseado na curva de Jeanty. Os testes foram realizados com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 58 casos com T21 e 1888 controles normais. A sensibilidade do comprimento do úmero para a detecção da T21 utilizando o nível de corte abaixo do percentil 10 foi de 44,8 % com RV de 4,4, abaixo do percentil 5 foi de 34,4 % com RV de 6,9 e abaixo do percentil 2,5 foi de 31,0 % com RV de 12. O valor médio dos úmeros, em MoMs, de fetos com T21 é estatisticamente inferior ao dos fetos normais (p < 0,001), utilizando o teste t-Student. Quando controlada a idade materna na comparação entre os grupos, a diferença permaneceu estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Fez-se uma análise para comparar o comprimento do úmero nos fetos normais da população local com o comprimento do úmero esperado para a curva de Jeanty, e viu-se que os fetos normais locais têm comprimento do úmero estatisticamente significante menor. Conclusões: Existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre o comprimento do úmero de fetos normais e de fetos com T21 na população local (p < 0,001). A sensibilidade para detecção de T21 foi de 44,8%, 34,4% e 31%, para o úmero abaixo do percentil 10, 5 e 2,5, respectivamente. A curva de Jeanty não tem rendimento adequado para uso como controle do crescimento umeral em fetos normais locais, acarretando com seu uso o inevitável aumento da taxa de falsos positivos de úmeros curtosObjective: This study aimed to compare the humeral length (HL) in fetuses with Down syndrome (T21) with HL in normal fetuses, by using instruments of reference of the local population. Method: A case-control study was conducted comparing HL in normal fetuses with HL in fetuses with T21, aged between 18 weeks and 23 weeks and 6 days. Fetuses with T21 who were examined between 1994 and 2012 were included. The normal controls were evaluated between 2007 and 2009. The averages, medians, and standard deviations were obtained for maternal age, gestational age, and HL. Afterwards, we analyzed the correlation between the HL and the gestational age, with values expressed as multiples of the median (MoMs). The HLs of fetuses with T21 were compared with the HLs in normal fetuses by using Student\'s t-test. The humeri were evaluated considering the cut-off levels below the 10th, 5th, and 2,5th percentiles to obtain the sensitivity. The likelihood ratios (LR) were also calculated. Next, a general linear model was used with maternal age as a covariate to control for comparison of the groups. Comparison was also made between the HL of fetuses in the local population and the expected HL, based on the Jeanty curve. The tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. Results: The study included 58 cases with T21 and 1888 normal controls. The sensitivity of the HL to detect T21 by using a cut-off level below the 10th percentile was 44.8% with a LR of 4.4; below the 5th percentile, the sensitivity was 34.4% with a LR of 6.9; and below the 2.5th percentile, the sensitivity was 31.0% with a LR of 12. The average value of the humerus, in MoMs, of fetuses with T21 is statistically lower than that of normal fetuses (p < 0.001), as measured by using Student\'s t-test. When maternal age was controlled as a covariant in the comparison between groups, the difference remained statistically significant (p < 0.001). An analysis to compare the HL in normal fetuses of the local population with expected HL based on the Jeanty curve concluded that the HL in normal fetuses of the local population is lower than expected. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference between the HL of normal fetuses and HL of fetuses with T21 in the local population (p < 0.001). The sensitivity for detection of T21 was 44.8%, 34.4%, and 31% for the humerus below the 10th, 5th and 2.5th percentile, respectively. The Jeanty curve is not adequate to use as growth control for humeri in local normal fetuses, as its use leads to an increase in false positive rates when measuring the proportion of short humeri
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Aisen, Samantha Leah. "Minds, Bodies, and Political Selves: Embodying Pro-Choice Activism." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1400359495.
Full textBooks on the topic "Fetus Case studies"
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Sutcliffe, Alastair. Congenital anomalies: Case studies and mechanisms. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012.
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Edgley, Krista. Smoking relapse prevention - pregnant & postpartum women: Four case studies. Ottawa, Ont: Community Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, 1999.
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From fetus to child: An observational and psychoanalytic study. London: Tavistock/Routledge, 1992.
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The visualised foetus: A cultural and political analysis of ultrasound imagery. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Limited, 2012.
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Baby's first picture: Ultrasound and the politics of fetal subjects. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.
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RCOG Ethics Committee. A consideration of the law and ethics in relation to late termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality. [London]: RCOG Press, 1998.
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Fantastic Antone Grows Up: Adolescents and Adults with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. University of Alaska Press, 2000.
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Glover, Vivette. Maternal Stress During Pregnancy and Infant and Child Outcome. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.006.
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Many independent prospective studies show maternal stress, anxiety, or depression during pregnancy poses an increased risk for her child to have a wide range of adverse outcomes including emotional problems, ADHD or conduct disorder, or impaired cognitive development. Several studies have shown that these adverse outcomes are independent of possible confounding factors, such as postpartum anxiety and depression. Most children are not affected, and those who are can be affected in different ways, probably due to different genetic vulnerabilities and the quality of postpartum care. An evolutionary explanation for the observed changes is proposed. Underlying mechanisms are just starting to be understood: altered function of the placenta, allowing more of the stress hormone cortisol to pass through to the fetus, may well be important, as may epigenetic changes. The implications are that improved emotional care of pregnant women should improve outcomes for their children to a clinically significant degree.
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(Editor), David Wasserman, Jerome Bickenbach (Editor), and Robert Wachbroit (Editor), eds. Quality of Life and Human Difference: Genetic Testing, Health Care, and Disability (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy and Public Policy). Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Bonthius, Daniel J. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0011.
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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), an arenavirus, is a prevalent pathogen and an important and underrecognized cause of neurologic birth defects. LCMV utilizes rodents as its principal reservoir. Rodents that acquire the virus transplacentally often remain asymptomatic because congenital infection provides immunological tolerance for the virus. Humans typically acquire LCMV by direct contact with fomites contaminated with infectious virus, from rodents, or by inhalation of aerosolized virus. Congenital LCMV infection occurs when a woman acquires the virus during pregnancy. The virus is passed to the fetus transplacentally, presumably during maternal viremia. Published reports of LCMV infection during pregnancy make it clear that LCMV can be a severe neuroteratogen. Prospective epidemiological or clinical studies of congenital LCMV infection are needed to gain more knowledge about the incidence and spectrum of LCMV-induced teratogenicity. The clinical presentation of congenital LCMV is reviewed, along with recommendations for diagnostic studies and information about long-term prognosis.
Book chapters on the topic "Fetus Case studies"
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Hirshberg, Jonathan S., and Nandini Raghuraman. "Antepartum Assessment of Fetal Well-Being." In 50 Studies Every Obstetrician-Gynecologist Should Know, 121–26. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190947088.003.0022.
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This article provides a concise summary of a landmark paper from the field of Maternal-Fetal Medicine on antenatal fetal testing. The authors describe a novel approach to identify fetuses that are at risk of perinatal mortality. Combining ultrasonographic features and fetal heart rate monitoring, a biophysical profile (BPP) score was assigned to each fetus and the rates of perinatal mortality for each range of BPP score were determined. The article reviews the research question, funding sources, study design and outcomes. It places these findings in contemporary context and reviews relevant literature. The authors provide a clinical case to highlight the study’s applicable findings.
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Andreeva, Anna. "Cosmology and Embryology in Medieval Japan." In The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies, C10.S1—C10.S7. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197549889.013.10.
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Abstract This chapter considers the process and impact of adopting South and East Asian embryological notions and descriptions of fetal life into the cosmological accounts and ritual sources from early and medieval Japan. A plethora of different terms describing the stages of a fetus developing in the mother’s womb was known in both India and China, where they came to be adopted in the earliest medical or religious writings, produced by Buddhists, Daoists, and medical practitioners. In Japan, these terms were transmitted via the Buddhist, medical, and literary sources arriving from Sui and Tang China and became adopted into a variety of cosmological, medical, and religious sources produced by Japanese historical actors. Of particular importance were the rituals practiced in the esoteric temple milieu of the Tendai, Shingon, and Zen schools in medieval Japan, where the embryological concepts were used to introduce new ways of soteriological thinking and action.
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"Endocrine Disrupters." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0011.
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The first indications that hormonal imbalance during pregnancy may result in abnormal development of the fetus goes back to the 1930s. In 1939 researchers at Northwestern University Medical School reported that when pregnant rats were given an extra dose of external estrogen, the offspring suffered structural defects in their sex organs, both females and males (1) For years, this phenomenon was considered by the scientific and medical community as specifically related to rodents and thus did not concern humans. Furthermore, it had been generally believed that human placenta represented a barrier impenetrable by chemicals to which a pregnant woman was exposed. The myth of the placental barrier was shattered by the thalidomide tragedy. Thalidomide was developed in 1957 and found extensive use in Europe and Australia as a prescription drug to be used in pregnancy as a tranquilizer and against nausea. Soon, however, it had to be withdrawn from the market because some babies of women who took thalidomide were born highly deformed, lacking whole limbs or having underdeveloped limbs. Not all babies of women taking thalidomide suffered deformities There was no relationship between the total dose of the drug and the effect. Rather the effect depended on timing—on the time during the pregnancy during which the drug was taken. The deformities occurred only when thalidomide was taken during the organ-forming period—between the fifth and eighth week. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was first synthesized as a synthetic estrogen-analog in 1943. In decades to follow it was widely prescribed to pregnant women for prevention of miscarriages. However, in 1952 an epidemiological study conducted at the University of Chicago indicated that there was no difference in the frequency of miscarriages between women who did not take DES and those that did take it. Despite this finding many physicians kept prescribing the drug through the 1960s. In 1971 two independent case-control epidemiological studies had shown that among girls born to women who took DES there was a high frequency of vaginal cancer occurring at unusually young age of 15 to 22 (2,3).
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Romagnolo, Cesare. "Non-Gynecologic Tumors and Fertility Melanoma." In NEOPLASIA and FERTILITY, 106–16. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050141122010007.
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Melanoma is diagnosed within a wide range of ages, beginning in the third decade of life: it occurs slightly more commonly in women younger than 40, and represents the second most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in patients 15 to 29 years of age. The overall incidence of melanoma in pregnancy is about 0.14 to 0.28 cases per 1000 births, accounting for 8% of malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy; although occurring extremely rarely; melanoma is one of the most common tumors known to metastasize to the placenta and the fetus. From the recent literature, we can conclude that chest radiography with radiation protection and abdominal ultrasounds are safe; Computed Tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast and positron emission tomography are generally contraindicating because of emission of high dose of radiation; Magnetic Resonance (MR) is safer than CT, but it is contraindicated during 1st trimester of pregnancy because it employs heart tissues and exposes the fetus to excessive noise than can cause high-frequency hearing loss in neonates. There is no conclusive evidence that pregnancy significantly affects melanoma aggressiveness in terms of increasing metastases incidence or lowering overall survival. Two recent investigations have reported increased mortality in women with pregnancy.associated malignant melanoma. Some data suggest that increased mortality of the melanoma patients with recent childbirth is mainly due to a stage-independent causal pathway: the pregnancy-associated immune suppression may permit some melanomas with high malignant potential to progress and come to clinical diagnosis in the short term following childbirth. However, some other data analysis shows no difference in tumour location and stage at diagnosis between women with PAMM and non-PAMM; furthermore, no evidence of a worse prognosis was found in women given the diagnosis of PAMM. Given these results, the authors conclude that counselling and monitoring women with PAMM do not need to be different from those provided for women with non-PPAMM. The main goals of melanoma treatment during pregnancy are to cure the neoplasia and avoid complications for the fetus; irrespective of pregnancy status, wide local excision around the melanoma site with margins proportional to the microstage of the primary lesion, is the treatment oflocalized melanomas. In more advanced cases (>4mm depth), adjuvant therapy with high dose interferon must be considered; although interferon is safely administered in pregnant patients with haematological malignancies, adjuvant therapy with high dose interferon has not been studied in pregnancy associated melanoma and therefore is not routinely recommended.
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Cox, Jeremy, and Stephen Robinson. "Endocrine Bone Disease in Pregnancy." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e, edited by John A. H. Wass, Wiebke Arlt, and Robert K. Semple, 1489–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0178.
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Fetal and neonatal calcium requirements are high. To meet this need requires marked changes in maternal calcium physiology and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. The import of widespread vitamin D deficiency and low calcium diets has been difficult to ascertain in the context of these changes, despite extensive studies. The impact goes beyond simple calcium homeostasis, with associations of low Vitamin D levels to worse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, including neonatal hypocalcaemia and pre-eclampsia. Other less common disorders of calcium metabolism, such as diseases involving the parathyroid axis, that are stable outside of pregnancy are markedly affected both by pregnancy and lactation and may cause serious complications to mother and fetus, requiring much closer monitoring and possible intervention. The normal physiological changes in calcium control during pregnancy and lactation may themselves cause disease, particularly osteoporosis, but also rarer entities such as pseudohyperparathyroidism.
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Barrier, Casey R., and Megan C. Kassabaum. "Gathering in the Late Woodland." In Investigating the Ordinary. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400219.003.0013.
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The practice of enclosing open spaces with earthen mounds begins in the Lower Mississippi Valley around 3500 B.C. As the earliest recognized monumentalized landscapes in Eastern North America, these locations are thought to have provided periodic bases for the exploitation of rich natural resources and the maintenance of social relationships. Archaeological work at these early plaza sites has focused on establishing the age and stratigraphy of the associated mounds, leaving little known about the everyday activities that occurred around or between them. In this chapter, two case studies from separate areas of the Late Woodland Southeast are discussed: Feltus and Range sites. Participants in the large-scale rituals occurring in the Feltus plaza spent much of their time spatially separated, but the periodic moments of aggregation quite literally created the personal relationships, social structure, and ritual system in which they lived their daily lives. On the other hand, participants in the daily activities that occurred in the Range courtyards co-resided, but the particular relationships they shared with other individuals were negotiated in outside spaces, and the very presence and structure of the courtyard itself tied them – every day – into a much larger local community around formal, central plazas.
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Fadeeva, Tat'iana Sergeevna. "Connective tissue dysplasia: new horizons of the problem." In Дисплазия соединительной ткани: новые горизонты проблемы. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-22132.
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The work raises questions of predicting the complications of pregnancy and childbirth and adverse conditions in the fetus in the presence of UCTD in the expectant mother, who also need to be studied, especially from the standpoint of mathematical modeling of the disease. It is also necessary to develop a common tactic for providing medical and social assistance and treatment and diagnostic services to pregnant women suffering from UCTD, which will make the outcome of childbirth more favorable and improve the subsequent prognosis for mother and newborn. In the literature there is practically no assessment of the course of pregnancy and the outcome of childbirth, depending on the severity of UCTD. Little is known about the role of a connective tissue metabolism marker - hydroxyproline, trace elements (magnesium) and vitamins (D3) in pregnant women suffering from UCTD, and the medical tactics regarding such patients are not clearly defined. Despite numerous successes in the study of the causes of complications during pregnancy and childbirth in women suffering from UCTD, a unified approach to their management during the prenatal stage has not yet been developed. Therefore, the search for possible predictors for the timely prediction of adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcome in such patients is becoming increasingly important. This will make it possible to develop an optimal organizational and methodological base and subsequently improve the prognosis for women and their offspring. Thus, in contrast to the existing standard approach, we have proposed a comprehensive management of patients suffering from UCTD, including the timely identification of patients from the risk group, clarification of their condition using such markers as magnesium and hydroxyproline, additional intake of magnesium and vitamin D preparations. Optimal plan managing the period of gestation, childbirth, and a pathogenetically reasoned set of treatment and preventive measures for women with UCTD, will not only improve the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth, but also contribute to the health of the future generation. 1. UCTD affects the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of the newborn. The degree of exposure is largely determined by the severity of the underlying disease. In severe UCTD, the prevalence of spontaneous miscarriage and preterm labor was significantly higher, and endometritis and severe anemia were more common in the postpartum period. Severe asphyxia on the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes, congenital heart defects, morphofunctional immaturity, conjugation jaundice and convulsive syndrome were more common in the fetus. 2. A low content of magnesium and hydroxyproline is associated with the occurrence of complications during childbirth and a decrease in the anthropometric characteristics of the newborn. Taking magnesium preparations reliably affects the concentration of this trace element and hydroxyproline in the blood of pregnant women suffering from UCTD. 3. Therapy with magnesium preparations is an effective tool in patients suffering from UCTD, as it helps to improve well-being during pregnancy, improves the course of the postpartum period and reduces the prevalence of chronic fetal hypoxia. 4. Vitamin D and magnesium supplements have a beneficial effect on pregnancy and the fetus, reducing the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and chronic intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus, reducing the incidence of morphofunctional immaturity and conjugation jaundice of the newborn. 5. The created computer program “STEP DST” can be applied in the clinical practice of obstetrician-gynecologists and health care organizers. The obtained individual forecast of the probability of development of complications of reproduction allows us to outline the optimal plan for managing the period of gestation, childbirth and the postpartum period, to prescribe a pathogenetically based set of therapeutic and preventive measures for women suffering from UCTD.
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Yürekli, Banu Şarer. "Endokrin Bozucuların Üreme Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri." In Endokrin Bozucular ve Sağlık, 117–32. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-04-7.ch07.
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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals are defined as “an exogenous chemical, or a mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action”. Endocrine disruptors consist of pesticides, fungicides, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, and phytoestrogens. Time exposure to endocrine disruptors is an important issue. The developing fetus and neonates are more vulnerable in terms of endocrine disruption. Endocrine disruptors may interfere with the synthesis, action, and metabolism of sex steroid hormones. They can cause developmental and fertility problems, infertility, and hormone-sensitive cancers in women and men. Estrogen and androgen pathways are important in gonadal development, the determination of secondary sex characteristics, and gametogenesis. Endocrine disruptors mediate their action through respective receptors and/or downstream signaling. Endocrine disruptors can cause antagonistic or agonistic responses, acting through estrogen/androgen receptors. Bisphenol-A (BPA), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalates are major endocrine disruptors that interfere with the normal estrogen/androgen pathways leading to infertility in both sexes through DNA damage in spermatozoids, altered methylation pattern, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Endocrine disruptors affect the increasing incidence of male reproductive disorders, including poor semen quality, testicular malignancies, and congenital developmental defects such as hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Bisphenol-A (BPA) has also been reported to be associated with female infertility. BPA can cause dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with a precocious maturation through damage of GnRH pulsatility, gonadotropin signaling, and sex steroid hormone production. Further, BPA exposure during the early life stage may have a transgenerational effect predisposing the subsequent generations to the risk of developing BPA-related disease. Experimental studies suggested that prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to BPA can impair several steps of ovarian development and impair ovarian function, particularly folliculogenesis. Uterus morphology and function are also affected by endocrine disruptors. Studies carried out in animal models have reported the occurrence of endometriosis-like lesions after BPA exposure. Moreover, BPA exposure has been described to cause PCOS-like abnormalities.
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Wagner, Judith N., and Tim J. von Oertzen. "Neurological disorders in pregnancy." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 306–19. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0024.
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Neurological disorders in pregnancy (NDPs) pose challenges to both obstetricians and neurologists. These diseases or their treatment may have adverse effects on the health of the fetus or complicate the course of the pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period. Vice versa, the metabolic and endocrine changes associated with pregnancy may affect the mother’s neurological health. The care for a patient with an NDP is further complicated by the lack of clinical studies in this population, misinformation of patients regarding the risks associated with pregnancy when suffering from a neurological condition, and insecurity on the part of many physicians confronted with this constellation. Three different scenarios regarding the interdependency of pregnancy and neurological disease are possible. Most patients with NDPs suffer from a pre-existing condition such as epilepsy or multiple sclerosis, whose occurrence is unrelated to the pregnancy per se but nonetheless raises specific pregnancy-related concerns. The second group of NDP patients is afflicted with a neurological disorder observed with increased incidence during pregnancy (e.g. cerebrovascular disease and peripheral nerve compression syndromes). The third category comprises patients suffering from conditions exclusively seen in the pregnant, for example (pre-)eclampsia and amniotic fluid embolism. The subdivisions delineated here are reflected in the organization of this chapter. The aim is to provide a practical overview of the most frequent neurological conditions in childbearing women, highlighting the pregnancy-related issues and focusing on the management of these patients, which requires a highly interdisciplinary approach.
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"Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation." In Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation, edited by Barbara A. Knuth, Cynthia McOliver, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Nancy A. Connelly, and Ann Faulds. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874042.ch12.
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<em>Abstract.-</em>Urban fisheries provide an opportunity to recruit new participants to recreational fishing, provide experiences with nature that may be limited in urban settings, and build a support base of stakeholders who care about the future management and quality of fisheries and other natural resources in urban environments. Urban fisheries, however, are subject to other pressures perhaps more so than nonurban fisheries, including viral and bacterial pathogens and chemical contaminants that enter the aquatic system, leading to the potential for human exposure to these agents through fishing and fish consumption. While contaminant-related concerns are often managed through the use of fish consumption advisories distributed by various organizations, including state and local government and civic society organizations, there are no standard advisories for pathogens beyond those for acute outbreak situations. Many studies demonstrate the differential effectiveness of fish consumption advisories in reaching white, male audiences versus anglers of other ethnic heritage, and women. The risks of pathogen and chemical contaminant exposure, however, may be greater in some cases for the fetus, or for immunocompromised individuals, suggesting women of childbearing age and individuals with particular health conditions merit specific attention. Urban anglers may fish more frequently and consume their catch more frequently than do nonurban anglers, and anglers in certain ethnic and minority groups may be at the higher end of the fish consumption spectrum, suggesting urban fisheries management should include concerns regarding environmental justice. Managing urban fisheries requires full evaluation of the potential health risks, including chemical contaminant and pathogen exposures, as well as accurate risk communication through effective community outreach, and responsive policy guidelines regarding stocking, signage, access, fish consumption advisories, and other considerations that may help to minimize human exposure to contaminants and/or pathogens. Urban fisheries also provide an opportunity to engage local constituencies, such as watershed associations and community groups, in working toward a cleaner environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Fetus Case studies"
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Moodie, P., I. R. Peake, M. B. Liddell, and A. L. Bloom. "CARRIER DETECTION AND PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN HAEMOPHILIA A BY GENE ANALYSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644007.
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis has been used to perform family studies, including prenatal diagnosis, in 21 haemophilia A kindred.Two intragenomic RFLPs were studied in conjunction with one linked RFLP. The intragenomic BgII RFLP,situation 3' to exon 26 was detected with cDNA probe C (Genetics Institute) giving bands of 20kb (17% of X chromosomes) and 5kb (83%), and the intragenomic Bell RFLP, situated 3' to exon 18, was detected with the genomic DNA probe pi 14.12 from Genentech. The frequency of this RFLP in the local population was 23% (1.1 kb allele) and 77% (0.88kb allele). The linked probe DXS15 (DX13) was used to detect a Bglll RFLPwith alleles of 5.8kb (45%) and 2.8kkb (55%). A recombination rate of approximately 5% has been estimated between the factor VIII and DXS15 lociCarrier studies were performed in 15 kindreds. 25 obligate carriers were identified and of these, 20 were potentially informative (heterozygous and phase known) for at least 1 RFLP (9 for Bgll, 9 for Bell and 7 for BgIII). 34 possible carriers were studied, of which 13 were diagnosed as normal (6 by BgII, 6 by Bell and 5 by BgIII). 17 were diagnosed as carriers (2 by Bgll, 12 by Bell and 10 by Bglll) and diagnosis was not possible in a further 4 cases. Of these diagnosed as carriers 3 were non-informative for all RFLPs, and 14informative for at least one RFLP (3 by Bgll, 8 by Bell and 8 with BgIII).Prenatal diagnosis was attempted by analysis of DNA extracted by chorionic villussampling in 6 cases of male fetuses at risk of havinghaemophilia A. 1 fetus was diagnosed as being affected (Bell) and was electively terminated. Three otherfetuses were diagnosed as normal by the BgIII/DXS15 RFLP, but the two intragenomic RFLPs were non-informative. Because of the possibility of a crossover allthree patients opted for mid-trimester fetoscopy andmeasurement of fetal factor VIII at Kings College Hospital, London (Dr Reuben Mibashan), where the diagnoses were confirmed. In the 4th case a normal fetus was diagnosed by the Bgll RFLP analysis, but a spontaneous abortion at 12 weeks prevented confirmation of this result. In the final case of twin male fetuses, none of the RFLPs was informative and both were diagnosed as normal by fetal blood sampling at fetoscopy.
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Yulianti, Ika, Rahmi Padlilah, and Agus Purnamasari. "Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Fetus and Newborn: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.68.
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ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reported the potential infection to children, including newborns. The data for the intrauterine transmission of Covid-19 during pregnancy and its impact is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on fetus and newborns. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from PubMed, Google Scholar, JAMA, and ScienceDirect conducted in April 2020. The keywords were “child health” AND “COVID-19” OR “newborn” AND “novel coronavirus” AND “infection” OR “intrauterine transmission AND COVID- 19 AND Review”. The data were reported systematically. Results: The reviewed articles were cohort retrospective, case report, review, and systematic review. Intrauterine transmission of Covid-19 in pregnancy remained uncertain. Some studies reported the confirmation of infected Covid-19 in newborns within <2 hours to 2 days birth. Supportive therapy was given according to the clinical conditions of newborns. Conclusion: There is a lack of evidence in the intrauterine transmission of Covid-19 in pregnancy. The infected newborns with Covid-19 are confirmed within <2 hours to 2 days. Supportive therapy is conducted according to the clinical conditions of newborns. Keywords: newborns, Covid-19, infection Correspondence: Ika Yulianti. Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Jl. Amal Lama No. 1 East Tarakan, North Kalimantan. Email: ikatamaevan@gmail.com. Mobile : +628115440036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.68
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Watson, R., M. Kohl, P. O'Brien, S. Lawrence, DT Delpy, and M. Cope. "Fetal Brain Oxygenation during Labor studied by Frequency Domain Spectroscopy." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ap14.
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Hypoxic-ischemia of the brain (tissue oxygen deficiency due to obstructed circulation) during birth can result in neurological impairment and consequently patients that may require specialised care for the remainder of their life. An accurate method for measuring fetal brain oxygenation is therefore required. Traditional clinical techniques do not directly measure cerebral oxygenation and are unpleasant for both the mother and fetus. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a technique that allows changes in tissue chromophore concentrations to be measured non-invasively. Most NIR spectrometers use algorithms which assume that the optical pathlength of the light in the tissue does not change during the measurement. In the area of fetal NIR spectroscopy, it is of interest to determine whether contraction induced optical pathlength changes produce significant errors in the estimated concentration changes. An intensity modulated optical spectrometer (MOS) can provide optical pathlength information in addition to the pure intensity data provided by traditional NIR spectrometers. An MOS is used here to investigate the influence of contractions on the change in the oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin status in the fetal brain. It was found that in most cases the changes in optical pathlength did not contribute significantly to any error. It appears that the pathlength changes are primarily due to contraction induced absorption changes. It also appears that artefactual pathlength and absorption changes, which occur due to maternal movement, while to0 complicated to physically characterise are readily recognisable in the raw data.
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Cattey, Eric. "Challenges of Small Defect Analysis in Large Analog Power FET Arrays." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0086.
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Abstract The proverbial needle in the haystack – locating a minute process defect or subtle ESD strike in a large sea of analog output power FETs can be just that. The premise of this paper is to discuss failure analysis techniques used to identify these elusive “needles”, specifically in large array power FET structures. Two case studies will be explored in detail – both of which are 250nm technology devices.
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Kumar, Vikash, and Devraj Karthikeyan. "Case Study—Lock-in Thermography Application in Failure Analysis of a System Level DC-DC μModule Regulator." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0054.
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Abstract Fault localization is a common failure analysis process that is used to detect the anomaly on a faulty device. The Infrared Lock-In Thermography (LIT) is one of the localization techniques which can be used on the packaged chips for identifying the heat source which is a result of active damage. This paper extends the idea that the LIT analysis for fault localization is not only limited to the devices within the silicon die but it also highlights thermal failure indications of other components on the PCB (like capacitors, FETs etc on a system level DC-DC μmodule). The case studies presented demonstrate the effectiveness of using LIT in the Failure analysis process of a system level DC-DC μmodule regulator
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Qian, Zhongling, Christof Brillert, and Christian Burmer. "Lock-in Phase Mapping of Modulated Reflectance in Dynamically Operating Mixed-Signal IC Devices." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0217.
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Abstract The lock-in phase mapping technique with modulated reflectance is introduced for the first time. With its help, the modulated reflectance mechanisms using thermal laser in operating FETs, particularly in the pinch off region, are clarified. The free carrier absorption mechanism dominates at a high modulation frequency, while thermo-reflectance mechanisms at a low modulation frequency. In the pinch-off region, thermo-reflectance mechanism cannot be neglected due to extremely low free carrier concentration. The modulated reflectance signal was unexpectedly observed at passive poly/oxide/poly capacitance. The advantages of lockin phase mapping in dynamically operating mixed-signal IC devices are shown in several case studies.
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Castro, Ana Flávia Silva, Natália Barros Salgado Vieira, and Sarah Joanny da Silva Pereira. "Correlation between Zika virus and microcephaly as a consequence of congenital infection." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.629.
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Introduction: The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus of RNA, whose transmission is mainly vector - by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes - but it also occurs through sexual, blood and transplacental transmission, with the last mentioned it was possible to verify serious neurological effects in the epidemic in South America, especially in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in recent scientific literature. Methodology: Refers to a bibliographic review in the databases SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE / Pubmed, with the terms “zika virus”, “infection” and “microcephaly” correlated in Portuguese and in English; 78 articles were found, but only 7 followed for analysis. Articles published more than 5 years ago and out of the proposed theme were disregarded. Results: The Zika virus, although similar to the dengue and chikungunya virus, it has a tendency to cause damage to the central nervous system such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome. However, the association between microcephaly and ZIKV started to be more observed through the increase of the disease among fetuses and newborns of mothers who had been infected during the gestational phase in the epidemic that happened in Brazil. It is known that the development of the nervous system is the product of processes of high proliferation and cellular differentiation, in which even small errors generate dangerous impacts, and it is during this period that ZIKV affects the CNS of the fetus. The disease is characterized by the reduction of the brain perimeter, in this context, is a consequence of abnormalities influenced by the virus. Conclusions: Microcephaly is a complex disease; therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of primary care and other spheres for monitoring Zika virus infections, prenatal care and constant psychosocial monitoring. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the relevance of studies about ZIKV and microcephaly, and to encourage scientific production in this area.
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"PS-121 - PREGNANCY AND DUAL DIAGNOSIS: IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?" In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.ps121.
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1. Objectives: To assess the impact of the pregnancy on dual-diagnosed women. 2. Material and methods: Non-systematic review of the literature, through research on PubMed database with the keywords “dual diagnosis”, “pregnancy” and “mental illness”. 3. Results and conclusions: Dual diagnosis refers to the co-occurrence of a mental illness and substance abuse. The mean age of diagnosis for both mental illnesses and substance abuse on women is between 25 and 34 years old, which coincides with the period when women are most likely to be pregnant. One of the existent barriers on this topic is the lack of knowledge on the part of care providers as to the difficulties and treatment needs of the dual diagnosis client, with resultant anxiety and confusion about how to intervene, the efficacy of treatments, and especially how to balance the needs of the mother and fetus. The studies on this area show that patients with a substance abuse disorder or dual diagnosis had a high-risk pregnancy and less prenatal care than those with a mental illness alone, being schizophrenia the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. For women who are dually diagnosed, the risks inherent in each disorder are combined with the potential for greater negative impact on pregnancy and the newborn.The risks of poor prenatal care, obstetric complications, and psychosocial difficulties increase and each disorder may exacerbate the other. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders in pregnancy can prevent morbidity in pregnancy and postpartum with the concomitant risks to mother and baby.
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Amita, Migita Vidia, and Sri Ratnaningsih. "Experience on Prenatal Gentle Yoga Exercise during Pregnancy: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.74.
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ABSTRACT Background: The accelerated pace of physical and psychological changes during pregnancy can cause discomfort for pregnant women. Several studies claimed that maternal stress, depression, and anxiety level have a negative impact on birth outcomes. Yoga is a well-known exercise for emotional relaxation therapy. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of prenatal yoga exercise during pregnancy. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included Willey Online library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language, full-text, and free access articles published between 2009 and 2019. The selected articles were appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: A total of 2,232 articles obtained from the search database, in which 2,093 articles were irrelevant, 95 duplicates, and 24 articles unmet inclusion criteria were excluded. Based on the selected 20 articles, eleven articles obtained A grade, and nine articles obtained B grade with quantitative (RCT, quasi-experiment, cross-sectional) and qualitative (focus group discussion) study designs. For main thematic findings reviewed were physical, psychological, labor process, and fetal benefits of prenatal gentle yoga exercise during pregnancy. Conclusion: Prenatal gentle yoga exercise has benefits for both mother and fetus, especially the psychological well-being of mothers by reducing stress and anxiety. Active participation of husbands is required to enhance the effectiveness of prenatal yoga. Keywords: prenatal gentle yoga, pregnancy, benefit Correspondence: Migita Vidia Amita. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ring Road Barat) No. 63 Mlangi, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: gitamigita16@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281466841970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.74
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Moore, John J., Robert M. Moore, Deepak Kumar, Joseph M. Mansour, Brian M. Mercer, Elizabeth Yohannes, Jillian Novak, and Mark Chance. "Differential Expression of Fibulin Family Proteins in Mechanically Strong vs. Weak Fetal Membrane Fragments." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175332.
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Untimely rupture of the fetal membranes (FM), the amnion and choriodecidua, which normally surround and protect the fetus prior to delivery, is a major cause of preterm birth and results in significant infant mortality and morbidity. The physiological mechanism which normally leads the FM to weaken and fail prior to birth is not known. Conventional thinking that FM rupture is precipitated by the stress of uterine contractions during labor fails to explain the 10% of term deliveries and 40% of preterm deliveries in which FM rupture is the sentinel event, preceding any uterine contractions. Recent studies from several laboratories indicate that the FM undergo a genetically-programmed, biochemically-mediated, maturation process, near term, which is characterized by collagen remodeling and apoptosis. In human FM, in contrast to rat membranes, these changes are limited to the region of the FM overlying the cervix [1]. In a series of publications, our group has demonstrated that human FM have a zone of physical weakness (decreased force to rupture and work to rupture relative to the other areas of the same FM) overlying the cervical opening of the uterus. We further demonstrate that this same zone is characterized by specific markers of increased collagen remodeling and apoptosis [1–3]. These regional characteristics develop prior to the onset of contractions of labor and persist until delivery. Furthermore, the rupture tear line of the FM intersects this weak zone and thus the rupture process is hypothesized to initiate in this weak zone [3]. In order to investigate how differences in the biochemical composition of the extra-cellular matrix of the weak and the strong zones of FM reflect their different biomechanical properties, we utilized a proteomics approach to identify differences in the abundance of specific proteins in weak and strong FM fragments. Initial 2-DIGE screening resolved differences in Fibulin 5 protein expression. This prompted further analysis of additional members of the Fibulin protein family.