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Journal articles on the topic 'Fetal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2025

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1

Sweeney, Raymond W., Robert H. Whitlock, and Ann E. Rosenberger. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from fetuses of infected cows not manifesting signs of the disease." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.53.04.477.

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Summary Fetuses were obtained from 58 cows that were fecal culture-positive for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, but were not manifesting signs of paratuberculosis. Fetal tissues from 5 of 58 cows were culture-positive for M paratuberculosis. All 5 culture-positive fetuses were from cows that were classified as heavy fecal shedders (5/28; 17.8%). Difference in prevalence of fetal infection between light (< 70 colonies/tube) and heavy fecal shedders was significant (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). Association was not evident between serologic status of the dam and prevalence of fetal infection. In infected cows without signs of paratuberculosis, fetal infection develops with lower frequency than previously reported for cows with clinical signs of the disease. In this study, fetal infection was found only in cows that were heavy fecal shedders.

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2

Heyborne, Kent. "Elevated Middle Cerebral Artery Peak Systolic Velocity in a Nonanemic Fetus with Alpha-Thalassemia Trait." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2009 (2009): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/819380.

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Background. Elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) has been reported in nonanemic fetuses following fetal transfusion, and has been attributed to a major population of red blood cells (RBCs) with an adult mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the fetal circulation. Reported here is an analogous case of elevated MCA-PSV with a normal fetal hematocrit and relative fetal microcytosis due to fetalα-thalassemia trait.Case. Ultrasound findings concerning for early hydrops prompted measurement of MCA-PSV, which was elevated. Cordocentesis revealed fetal microcytosis with a normal hematocrit which proved to be due to fetalα-thalassemia trait inherited from the mother.Conclusion. This case provides another example of elevated MCA-PSV with normal hematocrit and microcytosis, here due to fetalα-thalassemia trait. This finding provides support for the observation that MCA-PSV may be influenced by hematological indices other than the fetal hematocrit.

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3

Zhu, Mengni, and Liping Liu. "Fetal Heart Rate Extraction Based on Wavelet Transform to Prevent Fetal Distress In Utero." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7608785.

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In order to improve the effective extraction of fetal heart rate and prevent fetal distress in utero, a study of fetal heart rate feature extraction based on wavelet transform to prevent fetal distress in utero was proposed. This paper adopts a fetal heart rate detection method based on the maximum value of the binary wavelet transform modulus. The method is simulated by the Doppler fetal heart signal obtained from the clinic. Compared with the original curve, the transformed curve can roughly see the change rule of the original signal and identify the peak point of the signal, but due to the large disturbance of the peak point, the influence on the computer processing is also great. The periodicity of the transformed signal is greatly enhanced, making it easier to deal with the computation. A total of 300 pregnant women with full-term fetal heart monitoring from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group consisted of 100 patients with abnormal fetal heart monitoring, and the control group consisted of 200 patients with normal fetal heart monitoring. The uterine contractions and fetal heart rate were recorded, and the incidence of fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal asphyxia, and amniotic fluid and fecal contamination were observed. The incidence of fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal asphyxia, and amniotic fluid fecal stain in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fetal heart monitoring can accurately judge the situation of the fetus in pregnant women and timely diagnose the abnormal fetal heart rate, which has a better effect on the prognosis of perinatal infants and can reduce their mortality. It can effectively solve the problems existing in the autocorrelation algorithm and extract the fetal heart rate more accurately. It is an effective improved scheme of fetal heart rate extraction. It is very helpful in preventing fetal distress in utero.

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4

ÖZLÜ, Onur. "Maternal-Fetal Anesthesia/Analgesia in Fetal Interferences: Traditional Review." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation 19, no. 3 (2021): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/anesthe.2021-85460.

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5

Patil, Alka, Nitin Kulkarni, and Richa Patel. "Fetal Macrosomia." Indian Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijmfnm.2347.999x.4217.16.

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Preconceptional, conception, antenatal period and intrapartum period are in continuum. For successful obstetric outcome, prepregnancy weight and proper antenatal care are important factors. Newborn whose birthweight exceeds 40004500gms is labled as macrosomia. Prolong labour, arrest of labour, foetal distress, shoulder dystocia, instrumental delivery and increased incidence of cesarean section are associated with macrosomic fetuses. Early detection, watchfull expectancy active interventions are key factors for safe delivery of macrosomic fetuses.

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6

Mărginean, Claudiu, Lucian Pușcașiu, Varlam Claudiu Molnar, and Cosmin Rugină. "INFECȚIA MATERNĂ CU PARVOVIRUS B19 CAUZEAZĂ HIDROPS FETAL CU MOARTE INTRAUTERINĂ – PREZENTARE DE CAZ." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2016.3.11.

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Parvovirusul B19 aparține familiei Parvoviridae, genul Erythrovirus și prezintă citotoxicitate asupra liniei eritroblastice umane ducând la anemie severă. Prezentăm cazul unei paciente în vârsta de 35 de ani, aflată la a 3-a sarcină, cu un avort spontan de prim trimestru în antecedente și o naștere fiziologică, care s-a prezentat la controlul de specialitate la 20 de săptămâni gestaționale, asociind semnele unei viroze respiratorii și fără alte patologii până la această vârstă gestațională. Analizele de laborator și ecografia fetală nu au evidențiat nimic patologic, astfel că pacienta a fost trimisă la domiciliu cu recomandarea de a reveni peste 2 săptămâni pentru reevaluare, moment în care ecografia fetală a evidențiat hidrops fetal și anemie severă, iar la 24 de ore asistolie fetală. Serologia maternă a pus în evidență infecția recentă cu Parvovirus B19. Particularitatea acestui caz constă în apariția unei infecții fetale relativ rare în trimestrul doi, în cazul unei sarcini fiziologice, monitorizate, cu prognostic nefavorabil și evoluție fulminantă spre moarte intrauterină.

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7

Westgren, M., and O. Ringden. "Fetal to fetal transplantation." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 73, no. 5 (January 1994): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349409006245.

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8

Kelekçi, Sefa, Emre Ekmekçi, Seçil Kurtulmuş, and Savaş Demirpençe. "An unexpected temporary fetal acid reason: rupture of fetal ovarian cyst." Perinatal Journal 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.15.0232002.

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9

Karataş, Ahmet, Zehra Karataş, Tülay Özlü, Beyhan Küçükbayrak, Seda Eymen Kılıç, and Melahat Emine Dönmez. "Fetal supraventricular tachycardia." Perinatal Journal 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.14.0221010.

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10

Zaghlaul, Amal S. "Evaluation of Fetal Abdominal Circumference Versus Estimated Fetal Weight in the Recognition of Late Onset Fetal Growth Pattern Restriction." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/001.

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11

Cheatham, Christa N., Kevin L. Gustafson, Zachary L. McAdams, Giedre M. Turner, Rebecca A. Dorfmeyer, and Aaron C. Ericsson. "Standardized Complex Gut Microbiomes Influence Fetal Growth, Food Intake, and Adult Body Weight in Outbred Mice." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020484.

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Obesity places a tremendous burden on individual health and the healthcare system. The gut microbiome (GM) influences host metabolism and behaviors affecting body weight (BW) such as feeding. The GM of mice varies between suppliers and significantly influences BW. We sought to determine whether GM-associated differences in BW are associated with differences in intake, fecal energy loss, or fetal growth. Pair-housed mice colonized with a low or high microbial richness GM were weighed, and the total and BW-adjusted intake were measured at weaning and adulthood. Pups were weighed at birth to determine the effects of the maternal microbiome on fetal growth. Fecal samples were collected to assess the fecal energy loss and to characterize differences in the microbiome. The results showed that supplier-origin microbiomes were associated with profound differences in fetal growth and excessive BW-adjusted differences in intake during adulthood, with no detected difference in fecal energy loss. Agreement between the features of the maternal microbiome associated with increased birth weight here and in recent human studies supports the value of this model to investigate the mechanisms by which the maternal microbiome regulates offspring growth and food intake.

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12

Rakić, Snežana. "Fetal neurosonography and fetal behaviour." Medicinska istrazivanja 50, no. 2 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medist1601001r.

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The ultrasonographic monitoring of fetal neural development is one of the most important objectives in perinatal medicine. The aim of this study was to monitor neurological development and analyse fetal behaviour by using 4D ultrasound. We conducted a prospective study of 150 singleton pregnancies in order to monitor neurological development and analyse fetal behaviour by using 4D ultrasound. The study was done by using ultrasound machine MEDISON ACCUVIX XQ transvaginal and transabdominal 5MHz sound with Doppler flow. Fetal movements in the first trimester and fetal facial expressions in the third trimester were analysed. In the first trimester, tests were conducted in the 8th, 12th and 14th week of pregnancy. Embryonic/fetal activity in the first trimester begins with movements that represent the functional expression of early neonatal activity. Identification of first reflexes is a measure of neurological development in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Development of the central nervous system is a complex process and it is reflected in the complexity of motor, sensory, cognitive and affective functions and patterns of behaviour. Fetal behavioural patterns correlate with the development of central nervous system, while the quality of fetal movements reveals the integrity of central nervous system. For the assessment of fetal brain function a prenatal neurological test (KANET) can be used. 4D ultrasound represents an important advancement in monitoring fetal neurological development and behaviour.

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13

Whitbeck, Caroline. "Fetal Imaging and Fetal Monitoring." Women & Health 13, no. 1-2 (July 14, 1988): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v13n01_04.

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14

Pringle, Kevin C. "Fetal Diagnosis and Fetal Surgery." Clinics in Perinatology 16, no. 1 (March 1989): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30651-1.

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15

Namouz-Haddad, Shirin, and Gideon Koren. "Fetal Pharmacotherapy 2: Fetal Arrhythmia." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 35, no. 11 (November 2013): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30791-x.

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16

Suzuki, Shigeo, and Takao Yamamuro. "Fetal movement and fetal presentation." Early Human Development 11, no. 3-4 (September 1985): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(85)90079-9.

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17

Oaks, Laury. "Fetal spirithood and fetal personhood." Women's Studies International Forum 17, no. 5 (September 1994): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(94)00036-0.

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18

McLaughlin, Ericka S., Brian A. Schlosser, and William L. Border. "Fetal Diagnostics and Fetal Intervention." Clinics in Perinatology 43, no. 1 (March 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2015.11.003.

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19

Cun, L., M. Zhe, Z. Xinfeng, T. Guowei, L. Shaoping, and L. Chuanxi. "Fetal neuroblastoma with fetal hypertension." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 31, no. 1 (2007): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.5236.

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20

Ellison, Peter T. "Fetal programming and fetal psychology." Infant and Child Development 19, no. 1 (January 2010): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.649.

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21

Sánchez, J. M., and E. Goldschmidt. "Fetal chimerism or fetal mosaicism?" Prenatal Diagnosis 10, no. 8 (August 1990): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.1970100814.

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22

H.C., Shivakumar, Chandrasheker ., and Ramaraju H.E. "Role of Fetal Biophysical Profile in High Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Outcome." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 2 (2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.5217.20.

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23

Cerruti, Marco. "Terapie fetali: questioni etiche / Fetal therapies: ethical issues." Medicina e Morale 65, no. 4 (October 6, 2016): 403–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2016.441.

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Le diagnosi prenatali sono in grado oggi di individuare numerose patologie che, se curate durante la gravidanza, comportano la guarigione o minori danni per il feto. Queste terapie richiedono però, prima della loro esecuzione, una valutazione etica. La prima parte presenta le varie fasi in cui è possibile intervenire (durante la gravidanza o dopo il parto). Ci sono anche patologie per le quali non esistono cure e che possono portare all’aborto eugenetico, contrario alla dignità dell’essere umano ed emblematico della cultura dello scarto. In questo percorso è fondamentale il counselling. La parte successiva analizza le possibilità terapeutiche. Innanzitutto è opportuno attuare con la coppia una terapia educazionale per comprendere il problema nel suo complesso e consentire una scelta consapevole. Quindi vengono presentate le tecniche d’intervento (medica, trasfusionale, chirurgica, genica). Per le situazioni più drammatiche si indica l’importanza di una terapia dell’accoglienza, anche attraverso le cure palliative e l’esperienza degli hospice perinatali. La terza parte focalizza i criteri di accesso alle terapie fetali in una prospettiva etica. Anzitutto la considerazione del feto come paziente, da trattare con un approccio individualizzato e proporzionato. Si considera inoltre la necessità di un consenso pienamente informato dei genitori, anche per gli interventi di natura sperimentale, e la valutazione delle ulteriori conseguenze della terapia fetale a medio e lungo termine. Quindi viene motivato il rifiuto dell’accanimento terapeutico che può comportare la rinuncia all’ intervento. Una riflessione finale riguarda l’elevato costo dell’intero processo in un’ottica di equità e sostenibilità delle cure. In conclusione, la considerazione del feto come soggetto di cui ci si prende cura e un approccio adeguato al processo diagnosi-prognosi-terapia, consentono di qualificare gli interventi di terapia fetale eticamente corretti per il bene del bambino.----------Through prenatal diagnosis it is nowadays possible to identify several pathologies which, if treated during pregnancy, can result in complete healing or in lesser damages to the fetus. These therapies, however, require an ethical assessment prior to their execution. Part one introduces the various stages in which a clinical intervention is possible (during pregnancy or after delivery). There are a number of pathologies for which no therapy is available and which may lead to eugenic abortion. This is against the dignity of the human being and it is emblematic of a “culture of waste”. In such circumstance, counselling is fundamental. The following section analyzes therapeutic opportunities. First of all, it is appropriate to involve the couple in an “educational therapy” in order to have them understand the problem as a whole and foster an informed choice. Subsequently, intervention techniques are presented (treatment, transfusion, surgery, genetics). For particularly unfortunate situations, the importance of a “welcome therapy”, of the perinatal hospice and palliative care is highlighted. The subsequent section focuses on access criteria to fetal therapies from an ethical perspective. First, the fetus is regarded as a patient to be treated with a personalized and proportionate approach. In addition, the need of an informed consent by parents is highlighted, also for experimental operations, and this leads to the assessment of further consequences that fetal therapy may have in the short-medium term. Also, the refusal of therapeutic persistence is analyzed, which may lead to renouncing treatment. A last consideration concerns the high cost of the whole procedure in terms of equity and sustainability of therapies. Finally, by regarding the fetus as a subject to take care of and fostering an adequate approach to the diagnosis-prognosis- therapy process, fetal therapies may be defined as ethically correct for the welfare well being of the child.

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24

Oestreich, Alan E. "Fetale Anatomie im Ultraschall[Fetal anatomy on ultrasound]." Radiology 164, no. 3 (September 1987): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.164.3.810.

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25

METE URAL, Ülkü, Yeşim BAYOĞLU TEKİN, Gülşah BALIK, Şenol ŞENTÜRK, and Figen KIR ŞAHİN. "Fetal Adrenal Hematoma: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 25, no. 1 (2015): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/gynobstet.2013-37963.

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26

Frost, Mackenzie S., Aqib H. Zehri, Sean W. Limesand, William W. Hay, and Paul J. Rozance. "Differential Effects of Chronic Pulsatile versus Chronic Constant Maternal Hyperglycemia on Fetal Pancreaticβ-Cells." Journal of Pregnancy 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/812094.

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Constant maternal hyperglycemia limits, while pulsatile maternal hyperglycemia may enhance, fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in sheep. However, the impact of such different patterns of hyperglycemia on the development of the fetalβ-cell is unknown. We measured the impact of one week of chronic constant hyperglycemia (CHG,n=6) versus pulsatile hyperglycemia (PHG,n=5) versus controls (n=7) on the percentage of the fetal pancreas staining for insulin (β-cell area), mitotic and apoptotic indices and size of fetalβ-cells, and fetal insulin secretion in sheep. Baseline insulin concentrations were higher in CHG fetuses (P<0.05) compared to controls and PHG. GSIS was lower in the CHG group (P<0.005) compared to controls and PHG. PHGβ-cell area was increased 50% (P<0.05) compared to controls and CHG. CHGβ-cell apoptosis was increased over 400% (P<0.05) compared to controls and PHG. These results indicate that late gestation constant maternal hyperglycemia leads to significantβ-cell toxicity (increased apoptosis and decreased GSIS). Furthermore, pulsatile maternal hyperglycemia increases pancreaticβ-cell area but did not increase GSIS, indicating decreasedβ-cell responsiveness. These findings demonstrate differential effects that the pattern of maternal hyperglycemia has on fetal pancreaticβ-cell development, which might contribute to later life limitation in insulin secretion.

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27

M, Manimegalai. "Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr221021160345.

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28

KİMYA, Yalçın, Mehmet Aral ATALAY, Candan CENGİZ, and Funda AKPINAR. "Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Intracranial Teratoma and Approach to Fetal Intracranial Masses: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 5 (2011): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2009-15191.

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29

Avcı, Muhittin Eftal, and İbrahim Polat. "Nomograms of the fetal neck circumference and area." Perinatal Journal 25, no. 3 (December 30, 2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.17.0253006.

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30

Tuncer, Işık. "Fetal Dönemde Fetal Dizin Morfometrik Gelişimi." Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR 5, no. 7 (January 1, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.96.

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31

Weiner, Carl P. "Fetal Blood Sampling and Fetal Thrombocytopenia." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 10, no. 3 (1995): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000264228.

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32

Namouz-Haddad, Shirin, and Gideon Koren. "Fetal Pharmacotherapy 4: Fetal Thyroid Disorders." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 36, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30684-8.

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33

Bloomfield, F. H., Ana-Mishel Spiroski, and J. E. Harding. "Fetal growth factors and fetal nutrition." Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 18, no. 3 (June 2013): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2013.03.003.

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34

Huppertz, Berthold. "Maternal–fetal interactions and fetal programming." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 101-102 (March 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2013.12.004.

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35

Smoleniec, J. S., R. Martin, and D. K. James. "Intermittent fetal tachycardia and fetal hydrops." Archives of Disease in Childhood 66, no. 10 Spec No (October 1, 1991): 1160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.66.10_spec_no.1160.

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36

Haroun, George. "Intrapartum fetal surveillance. Fetal physiology and fetal adaptation mechanisms. Part I." Lithuanian Obstetrics & Gynecology 26, no. 3 (September 21, 2023): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/lag.1265.

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CTG interpretation helps to understand fetal behaviour and reactions to various hypoxic and nonhypoxic stresses during labour. Despite having guidelines that tell the clinician what to do in case of identification of different types of decelerations, change in the baseline rate or change in the baseline variability, it is extremely important to understand the reasons behind the appearance of such features. The fetal physiology in labour and fetal adaptation mechanisms will be discussed in the first part of a series of three articles.

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37

ONGUN, Hakan, Kıymet ÇELİK, and Nihal OYGÜR. "Chorioamnionitis and Its Fetal Effects." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics 29, no. 3 (2020): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2020-76142.

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38

Singh, Anisha, and Col S.K. Singh. "A Prospective Observational Study of Maternal Perception of Reduced Fetal Movements and Fetal Outcome." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.11123.4.

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Background: Maternal perception of reduced fetal movements (RFM) is associated with increased risk of still birth, preterm labor & fetal growth restriction. RFM is thought to represent fetal compensation to conserve energy due to insufficient oxygen & nutrient transfer resulting from placental insufficiency. Intrauterine fetal death is preceded by RFM for 24 hours in up to 50% cases. In infants who are alive at presentation, RFM is associated with increased incidence of still birth, fetal growth restriction & feto-maternal hemorrhage. However RFM is may also occur in non pathological conditions such as anterior placental site, increased maternal activity & standing position. Inadequate clinician response to complaint of RFM is important contributory factor to still birth. Aims and objectives: To assess association between maternal perceptions of reduced fetal movements and fetal outcome. Methodology: Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bharati hospital, Pune. It was a prospective observational study of fetal outcomes in mothers perceiving reduced fetal movements. Women after 28 weeks of pregnancy presenting with reduced fetal movements out of that 202 pregnant women were included. Study was conducted from October 2020 to October 2022. Results: Majority of the fetuses were healthy. There was strong association between reduced fetal movements and Oligohydramnios. We found significant association between NICU admission, birth weight, APGAR, and RFM category, while no significant association between RFM category and status at birth and type of delivery. There were 2 IUD’s noted. Conclusion: Fetal movements monitoring is necessary during antenatal period, after 28 weeks of pregnancy, it is a good predictor of fetal outcome, and helps in timely intervention.

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39

Vintzileos, Anthony, Winston Campbell, and David Nochimson. "Relation between Fetal Heart Rate Accelerations, Fetal Movements, and Fetal Breathing Movements." American Journal of Perinatology 3, no. 01 (January 1986): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-999823.

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40

Oepkes, Dick, and Phebe Adama van Scheltema. "Intrauterine fetal transfusions in the management of fetal anemia and fetal thrombocytopenia." Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 12, no. 6 (December 2007): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2007.06.007.

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41

Lamouroux, Audrey, Guillaume Captier, and David Genevieve. "Projet FETTAL, Fetal Enhanced Tridimentional and Translationel Anatomical Landscape." Morphologie 101, no. 335 (December 2017): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2017.07.062.

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42

Dick, J. R., R. Wimalasundera, and R. Nandi. "Maternal and fetal anaesthesia for fetal surgery." Anaesthesia 76, S4 (March 7, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.15423.

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43

Co-Vu, Jennifer, and Tomislav Ivsic. "Fetal Echocardiography to Diagnose Fetal Heart Disease." NeoReviews 13, no. 10 (October 2012): e590-e604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.13-10-e590.

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Kadic, Aida Salihagic. "Fetal Neurology: The Role of Fetal Stress." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2015): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1386.

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ABSTRACT Fetal development and growth, as well as the timing of birth is influenced by the intrauterine environment. Many environmental factors causing the fetal stress can interfere with fetal development and leave long-term and profound consequences on health. Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure has primarily significant consequences for the development of the central nervous system. In response to an adverse intrauterine conditions, the fetus is able to adapt its physiology to promote survival. However, these adaptations can result in permanent changes in tissue and organ structure and function that directly ‘program’ predisposition to disease. Cardiometabolic disorders, behavioral alterations and neuropsychiatric impairments in adulthood and/ or childhood may have their roots in the fetal period of life. Fetal response to stress and its prenatal and lifelong consequences are discussed in this review. How to cite this article Kadić AS. Fetal Neurology: The Role of Fetal Stress. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):30-39.

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Triwerdani, Arum, Syaifudin Syaifudin, Bedjo Utomo, and Abdul Basit. "Mechanical Fetal Simulator for Fetal Doppler Testing." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v4i2.5.

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The continuous use of fetal Doppler allows for discrepancies in values that lead to misdiagnoses in patients. This study aims to determine the effect of sound source distance on the fetal simulator with the measurement point. The contribution of this research is that the mechanical fetal heart system has 4 distances so that later it can be analyzed whether there is an influence of the location of the sound source on the accuracy of measurements using a fetal simulator. To get the desired distance, a solenoid is used which ends with a pipe of 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 50 cm respectively. The solenoid used in the fetal simulator functions as a producer of the fetal heart. There is a rotary switch that functions for solenoid selection, namely 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 50 cm solenoids. Data collection was carried out on each solenoid and by placing the Doppler probe perpendicular and tilted. On the solenoid with a distance of 50 cm all measurement results exceed the allowable tolerance limit. The results showed that the BPM value of the two Doppler brands did not have a significant difference in value. When measuring fetal Doppler, the largest error value was 2.67%. The results of this study can be used as a reference when conducting an examination

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Akduman, E. I., A. Luisiri, and G. D. Launius. "Fetal abuse: a cause of fetal ascites." American Journal of Roentgenology 169, no. 4 (October 1997): 1035–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.169.4.9308459.

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Mourad, Mohamed, Soha Hamed, and Sara Ragaee. "Fetal MRI Value in Fetal CNS Anomalies." Minia Journal of Medical Research 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjmr.2022.221701.

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Dick, J. R., R. Wimalasundera, and R. Nandi. "Maternal and Fetal Anaesthesia for Fetal Surgery." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 42, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000816936.56303.fc.

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Battle, Constance U. "ANOTHER FETAL ASSESSMENT TEST: THE FETAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 12, no. 3 (November 12, 2008): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1970.tb01919.x.

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Burden, Christy, Sophie Male, and Robert Fox. "Spurious fetal movement after late fetal death." British Journal of Midwifery 18, no. 10 (October 2010): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2010.18.10.78841.

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