Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fetal measurements

Academic literature on the topic 'Fetal measurements'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fetal measurements"

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Ferraioli, Armando. "Fetal Physiological Measurements." Journal of Clinical Engineering 13, no. 6 (November 1988): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198811000-00012.

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Płotka, Szymon, Adam Klasa, Aneta Lisowska, Joanna Seliga-Siwecka, Michał Lipa, Tomasz Trzciński, and Arkadiusz Sitek. "Deep learning fetal ultrasound video model match human observers in biometric measurements." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 045013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac4d85.

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Abstract Objective. This work investigates the use of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically perform measurements of fetal body parts, including head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length, and to estimate gestational age and fetal weight using fetal ultrasound videos. Approach. We developed a novel multi-task CNN-based spatio-temporal fetal US feature extraction and standard plane detection algorithm (called FUVAI) and evaluated the method on 50 freehand fetal US video scans. We compared FUVAI fetal biometric measurements with measurements made by five experienced sonographers at two time points separated by at least two weeks. Intra- and inter-observer variabilities were estimated. Main results. We found that automated fetal biometric measurements obtained by FUVAI were comparable to the measurements performed by experienced sonographers The observed differences in measurement values were within the range of inter- and intra-observer variability. Moreover, analysis has shown that these differences were not statistically significant when comparing any individual medical expert to our model. Significance. We argue that FUVAI has the potential to assist sonographers who perform fetal biometric measurements in clinical settings by providing them with suggestions regarding the best measuring frames, along with automated measurements. Moreover, FUVAI is able perform these tasks in just a few seconds, which is a huge difference compared to the average of six minutes taken by sonographers. This is significant, given the shortage of medical experts capable of interpreting fetal ultrasound images in numerous countries.
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Rosati, Paolo, and Lorenzo Guariglia. "Early Transvaginal Fetal Orbital Measurements." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 22, no. 11 (November 2003): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2003.22.11.1201.

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Kastler, Bruno, Afshin Gangi, Carole Mathelin, Philippe Germain, Jean-Marie Arhan, Alain Treisser, Jean Louis Dietemann, and Auguste Wackenheim. "Fetal Shoulder Measurements with MRI." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 17, no. 5 (September 1993): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199309000-00021.

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Li, Xiao Bing, Gregor Kasprian, Jacqueline C. Hodge, Xiao Li Jiang, Dieter Bettelheim, Peter C. Brugger, and Daniela Prayer. "Fetal ocular measurements by MRI." Prenatal Diagnosis 30, no. 11 (September 8, 2010): 1064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.2612.

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Murao, F., H. Takamori, K. Hata, T. Hata, and M. Kitao. "Fetal liver measurements by ultrasonography." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 25, no. 5 (October 1987): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(87)90344-4.

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Idigo, Felicitas, Kingsley Ajibo, Angel-Mary Anakwue, Uloma Nwogu, and Ebbi Robinson. "Sonographic measurement of ear length among normal fetuses of pregnant Igbo women in port Harcourt, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.43.

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Background: Fetal ear length measurement has been associated with some clinical values: sonographic marker for chromo- somal aneuploidy and for biometric estimation of fetal gestational age. Objectives: To establish a baseline reference value for fetal ear length and to assess relationship between fetal ear length and gestational age. Methods: Ear length measurements were obtained prospectively from fetuses in 551 normal singleton pregnancies of 15 to 41 weeks gestation. Normal cases were defined as normal sonographic findings during examination plus normal infant post-delivery. The relationship between gestational age (GA) in weeks and fetal ear length (FEL) in millimeters were analyzed by simple linear regression. Correlation of FEL measurements with GA, biparietal diameter (BPD), Head circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and maternal age (MA) were also obtained. Results: Linear relationships were found between FEL and GA (FEL=0.872GA-2.972). There was a high correlation between FEL and GA (r = 0.837; P = .001). Good linear relationship and strong positive correlation were demonstrated between FEL and BPD, AC, HC, and FL (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result of this study provides normal baseline reference value for FEL. The study also showed good linear relationship and good correlation between FEL and fetal biometric measurements. Keywords: Fetal ear length; sonographic measurement; chromosomal aneuploidy.
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Maršál, Karel. "Antenatal Diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Retardation by Ultrasound." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 8, S1 (January 1992): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300013064.

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AbstractUltrasound estimation of fetal weight or ultrasound measurement of fetal abdomen alone enables identification of small-for-gestational-age fetuses. A prerequisite for this is a reliable dating of pregnancy, which is provided by a routine ultrasound screening in the first half of gestation. The fetal growth can be followed by serial fetometric measurements. As a standard, charts of intrauterine growth based on the ultrasonic measurement can be used. As a secondary diagnostic test for monitoring fetal health in pregnancies suspected of intrauterine growth retardation, Doppler ultrasound evaluation of fetal and uteroplacental hemodynamics provided useful for early detection of imminent fetal distress.
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RAHMATULLAH, BAHBIBI, and ROSLI BESAR. "COMPARISON OF MORPHOLOGICAL-BASED SEGMENTATION METHODS FOR FETAL FEMUR LENGTH MEASUREMENTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 07, no. 03 (September 2007): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519407002327.

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Measurement of fetal femur length is crucial for the estimation of fetal age and growth pattern. Due to the noisy nature of ultrasound images and the variation in image acquisition and measurement techniques, manual measurements are subject to interobserver and intraobserver variability. The motivation of this paper is to study the efficiency of automated methods used in the femur endpoint detection module of our proposed computer-assisted processing and analysis system, which is employed to determine the gestational age for promoting the standardization of fetal femur measurements, thus resulting in more reliable age estimates. The proposed methods are based on the morphological operators methods5and the morphological watershed segmentation method. We applied these methods on a set of 100 digitized fetal femur images of size 287 × 224 pixels with 256 gray-level images and a resolution of 100 pixels per inch (ppi) horizontally and vertically. The results showed that the watershed method was the more efficient one and gave reliable results for every femur image tested.
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Neilson, J. P. "Fetal Growth in Twin Pregnancies." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 1 (January 1988): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004232.

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AbstractIn 65 consecutive twin pregnancies, 722 measurement of fetal abdominal circumference have been obtained with ultrasound. Zygosity was established after delivery in 85% of the pregnancies. There was no difference in mean abdominal circumference measurements between monozygotic and dizygotic pregnancies. In both groups, the pattern of growth was linear throughout pregnancy in contrast to that predicted by birth-weight for gestational age charts. It is suggested that increasing trunk flexion, in later twin pregnancy, may distort accurate abdominal circumference measurement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fetal measurements"

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Westerway, Susan Lyn Campbell. "Ultrasonic assessment of fetal size and growth." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2626.

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Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine)
This work investigates a number of issues. Firstly it examines ultrasonic fetal biometry, the parameters and techniques for accurate measuring and reviews the procedure adopted for graph formation and application of regression analysis for a mathematical model to describe the relationship between fetal size and weeks of gestation. Next it establishes new Australian fetal measurement charts for the crown rump length, head circumference and abdominal circumference, based on an Australian population, to replace the charts currently in use that are over 20 years old and relate to middle class white American and British women. The new graphs, along with previous work completed by the author in 1999 on the BPD, OFD femur and humerus length, were subsequently accepted by the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) in 2001 as the new Australian standard for ultrasonic fetal measurements. The accuracy of first trimester ultrasound dating is also investigated, displaying the variations seen in the crown-rump length due to fetal flexion and the implications of inaccurate measuring. The third study examines inter- and intra-sonographer ultrasonic fetal measurement reproducibility in the final 6 weeks of pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of sonographer competence, standardised measuring protocols, image planes and reference charts, particularly for patients undergoing ultrasound examinations for fetal growth assessment at different practices. The fourth study looks at the incidence of fetal macrosomia and birth complications in Chinese women and Caucasian women in two time periods, 1992 and 1999/2000. The results showed a rise in macrosomic babies born to Chinese immigrants from 4% of total Chinese births in 1992 to 9.8% in 1999/2000. There was also a rise in the rate of macrosomia among Caucasian women with respective rates of 11 and 14% for the same periods. The incidence of post partum haemorrhage increased significantly over this time in both Chinese immigrant and Caucasian women. Interventions declined in all Caucasian birth-weight ranges whilst interventions for Chinese births remained stable except between 3500grams and 4000grams, where interventions rose from 35.7% to 60.5%. Fetal macrosomia is a complication of pregnancy that is increasing in incidence. One of the causes of fetal overgrowth is uncontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus and so if women thus diagnosed are closely monitored, the risks of a macrosomic baby and associated birth complications may be reduced. The final study examines the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal growth. GDM is a complication of mid to late pregnancy caused by glucose intolerance. In the Australian population up to 8% of all pregnancies can be affected. In the Australian Chinese community the GDM rate is as high as 15% compared with 4% in Caucasian women. The risks to the fetus as a result of GDM include increased perinatal mortality, large for gestational dates, macrosomia and prematurity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the fetuses of women diagnosed with GDM were significantly larger for dates for any of the commonly ultrasonically measured fetal parameters, than in the general pregnant population. The results show that if the glycaemic levels are properly controlled, fetal size should not be compromised. The abdominal circumference measurement appears to be the important marker for fetal macrosomia, particularly in the Chinese population. The study also assessed fetal weight gain from 36 weeks gestation to term in Caucasian women with GDM and Chinese pregnancies both with and without GDM. No statistically significant difference was seen in daily weight gain between the groups investigated.
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Westerway, Susan Lyn Campbell. "Ultrasonic assessment of fetal size and growth." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2626.

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This work investigates a number of issues. Firstly it examines ultrasonic fetal biometry, the parameters and techniques for accurate measuring and reviews the procedure adopted for graph formation and application of regression analysis for a mathematical model to describe the relationship between fetal size and weeks of gestation. Next it establishes new Australian fetal measurement charts for the crown rump length, head circumference and abdominal circumference, based on an Australian population, to replace the charts currently in use that are over 20 years old and relate to middle class white American and British women. The new graphs, along with previous work completed by the author in 1999 on the BPD, OFD femur and humerus length, were subsequently accepted by the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) in 2001 as the new Australian standard for ultrasonic fetal measurements. The accuracy of first trimester ultrasound dating is also investigated, displaying the variations seen in the crown-rump length due to fetal flexion and the implications of inaccurate measuring. The third study examines inter- and intra-sonographer ultrasonic fetal measurement reproducibility in the final 6 weeks of pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of sonographer competence, standardised measuring protocols, image planes and reference charts, particularly for patients undergoing ultrasound examinations for fetal growth assessment at different practices. The fourth study looks at the incidence of fetal macrosomia and birth complications in Chinese women and Caucasian women in two time periods, 1992 and 1999/2000. The results showed a rise in macrosomic babies born to Chinese immigrants from 4% of total Chinese births in 1992 to 9.8% in 1999/2000. There was also a rise in the rate of macrosomia among Caucasian women with respective rates of 11 and 14% for the same periods. The incidence of post partum haemorrhage increased significantly over this time in both Chinese immigrant and Caucasian women. Interventions declined in all Caucasian birth-weight ranges whilst interventions for Chinese births remained stable except between 3500grams and 4000grams, where interventions rose from 35.7% to 60.5%. Fetal macrosomia is a complication of pregnancy that is increasing in incidence. One of the causes of fetal overgrowth is uncontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus and so if women thus diagnosed are closely monitored, the risks of a macrosomic baby and associated birth complications may be reduced. The final study examines the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal growth. GDM is a complication of mid to late pregnancy caused by glucose intolerance. In the Australian population up to 8% of all pregnancies can be affected. In the Australian Chinese community the GDM rate is as high as 15% compared with 4% in Caucasian women. The risks to the fetus as a result of GDM include increased perinatal mortality, large for gestational dates, macrosomia and prematurity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the fetuses of women diagnosed with GDM were significantly larger for dates for any of the commonly ultrasonically measured fetal parameters, than in the general pregnant population. The results show that if the glycaemic levels are properly controlled, fetal size should not be compromised. The abdominal circumference measurement appears to be the important marker for fetal macrosomia, particularly in the Chinese population. The study also assessed fetal weight gain from 36 weeks gestation to term in Caucasian women with GDM and Chinese pregnancies both with and without GDM. No statistically significant difference was seen in daily weight gain between the groups investigated.
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Shivkumar, Sushmita. "A fetal weight reference for twins based on ultrasound measurements." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106242.

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Background and ObjectiveFetal growth and size are known indicators of perinatal health, although the etiology of this relationship is unclear, and twins are known to differ from singletons with respect to fetal growth trajectories over the course of pregnancy. With a lack of research on ultrasound-based fetal weight references in twin populations, this study aimed to construct ultrasound-based in utero fetal weight references for each gestational age for a twin population.MethodsTwins delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Montreal were used in this study. Fetal weight was calculated using a published formula that was validated in this population. Fetal growth was then modeled in twins using serial ultrasound measurements of fetal weight, and adjusting for sex and chorionicity. Linear mixed models were used to adjust for the correlation between twins from the same pregnancy, and for the use of multiple ultrasound measurements for each fetus. Restricted cubic splines were used to account for the non-linear growth of fetuses over the course of pregnancy. Predictions were made from this regression model for the 1st, 10th, 50th, 90th and 99th fetal weight percentiles for the gestational period between weeks 22 and 37.ResultsMedian gestational age at birth was 37 weeks, with a predicted median birth weight of 2686 g. The rate of change in fetal weight was observed to be S-shaped over the course of pregnancy, with a period of accelerated growth in the second trimester, and slower growth in the third trimester. Ultrasound-based fetal weight references constructed from this population corroborated other published ultrasound-based fetal weight references in twin populations. As expected, fetal weight in twins was consistently lower than singletons over the course of pregnancy, when compared with other published fetal weight references.ConclusionsThe ultrasound-based fetal weight reference and predicts fetal weight at each gestational age, estimates which could be used to assess fetal size at each gestational age in twin pregnancies. This study additionally validates the use of formulae to estimate fetal weight in a twin population, and adds to literature published in this field.
Considérations préliminaires et objectifLa croissance in utero des jumeaux diffère de celle des enfants uniques. La croissance et la taille foetale sont des indicateurs communs de santé périnatale, bien que la nature exacte du lien de causalité soit encore incertaine. La surveillance de la taille foetale s'inscrit naturellement dans le suivi des grossesses. L'imagerie par ultrasons a permis l'élaboration de normes pondérales ultrasonographiques in utero pour les enfants uniques. Moins d'efforts ont été déployés pour quantifier les variations de taille des jumeaux au cours de la grossesse. Le présent ouvrage cherche à proposer une norme pondérale in utero pour les jumeaux.MéthodeLe poids foetal a été estimé grâce à une formule validée pour la population retenue. La croissance intrautérine des jumeaux a été modélisée à l'aide d'estimés pondéraux ultrasonographiques prenant compte du sexe et de la chorionicité. Des splines cubiques naturels ont été utilisés pour rendre compte de la non-linéarité de la croissance foetale. Le modèle de régression a permis d'obtenir des prédictions pour les 1er, 10e, 50e, 90e et 99e centiles du poids foetal de la 22e à la 37e semaine de grossesse. RésultatsLa norme pondérale ultrasonographique élaborée à partir de la population retenue était compatible avec des normes de même nature publiées précédemment. Tel que prévu, le modèle a révélé que le poids in utero des jumeaux était systématiquement plus bas que celui des enfants uniques, les valeurs de référence pour ce dernier étant tirées d'une norme pondérale reconnue. ConclusionLa norme pondérale ultrasonographique in utero pour les jumeaux tirée de cette étude complémente la littérature traitant de la croissance intrautérine des jumeaux, peu étoffée en comparaison avec celle portant sur la croissance intrautérine des enfants uniques. Après validation externe, elle pourrait se révéler utile en pratique clinique.
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Hall, Angus John. "Electronic measurements of area and perimeter in ultrasonic images." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328883.

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Sarris, Ippokratis. "Creation of a new fetal biometry image quality scoring tool to improve the accuracy of fetal biometric measurements." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595667.

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The hypothesis of this work is that through establishing the background variation of ultrasonographic fetal biometry measurements and elucidating the parameters that influence these measurements, a new Fetal Ultrasound Biometry Quality (FUB-Q) image-scoring tool can be created which will be reproducible and able to quantify the accuracy of fetal measurements. Six studies are included, each answering a specific research question. The aim of the first study was to ascertain whether pre-existing image quality scoring methods reflect measurement accuracy and reproducibility. It demonstrated that during the course of an exercise where there was demonstrable improvement in the consistency of measurements performed - by a group of sonographers, this was not mirrored by the pre-existing image scoring system. The aim of the second study was to establish the intra- and inter- observer variability of fetal biometry measurements throughout pregnancy by expert sonographers. This study demonstrated that ultrasound variability of fetal biometry increases with advancing gestation when expressed in measurement values, but is constant as a percentage of the fetal dimensions or when reported as a z score. Calliper placement was the major component of the overall variability. The values from this study served as the background variability, "reference standard", for the FUB-Q tool. The third study had two aims. The first was to establish how 3D scanning performs compared to conventional, real-time, 20. The second aim was to assess whether off-line 3D volume manipulation can be used as a tool to substitute real-time 20 ultrasound for the subsequent studies. It demonstrated that measurements using 3D volume acquisitions exhibit good agreement with real-time 20 scanning, with no systematic error but with a higher random error. However, it also demonstrated that 3D scanning is slower to perform and, similar to real-time 2D, it is not always possible to acquire a 3D volume from a desired orientation. Furthermore, not all 3D volume acquisitions were amenable to reconstruction. However, this study showed that saved 3D volumes can be used as a mean to store large volumes of data for later detailed analysis. The aim of the fourth study was to create the FUB-Q scoring tool. This was done by establishing the difference in measurement resulting from optimal and different forms of suboptimal images in a systematic fashion. For any . t " given image, and its derived measurement, the observer inserts in the model the various image scoring point parameters. The model then gives a prediction about the confidence interval within which the optimal, "gold standard", measurement should be. The aim of the fifth study was to validate on an independent test set the predictive ability of the newly developed FUB-Q scoring tool. It demonstrated that the FUB-Q tool can correctly predict the confidence interval within which measurements recorded from correctly acquired images should be in relation to measurements acquired from incorrectly acquired ones. The aim of the sixth, and final , study was to evaluate the reproducibility of obtaining the relevant scores for the FUB-Q tool. It demonstrated that the FUB-Q tool has good intra- and inter- observer reproducibility and is a reliable system for assessing the quality of fetal biometry based on ultrasound images. In conclusion, the FUB-Q tool could be a useful system used for audit of clinical practice and quality control as well as for training purposes .
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Canto, Moreira Nuno. "MRI Studies of the Fetal Brain and Cranium." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för radiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-164685.

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Ultrasound is the primary modality for fetal imaging, but Magnetic Resonance Imaging nowadays has a valuable complementary role as it often reveals findings that alter pregnancy management. Knowledge on some clinically relevant areas of the normal fetal development is still lacking, and this was the aim of this project. We wanted 1) to obtain reference MRI data of normal brain measurements before 24 gestation weeks (GW), 2) to study the development of the hippocampus, 3) to study the development of the ear and 4) to test the ability of MRI for evaluating the lip and palate. For this, we retrospectively analysed a database with 464 in vivo and 21 post mortem fetal MRI examinations. Study I evaluated a series of 70 normal fetuses. A table of normal brain measurements from 17 to 23 GW was built, the first in the literature that includes ages below 20 GW. Study II focused on the evolution of the hippocampus from 18 to 38 GW by evaluating 3 post mortem and 60 in vivo MRI examinations. Our results suggested this area to develop later and more asymmetrically than previously thought. Study III analysed a series of 122 normal MRI in vivo and 16 MRI post mortem. We described the development of the fetal ear in vivo for the first time in the literature, realizing that the value of MRI is limited by the size of the structures evaluated. In study IV, 60 brain-targeted MRI examinations of 55 normal fetuses and 5 fetuses with orofacial clefts were blindly reviewed by two readers, focusing on the lips and palates. Our results suggest a high accuracy of MRI in the evaluation of this area, regardless of fetal age or previous ultrasound findings. This thesis brings new knowledge on the normal development of the fetal brain and cranium.
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Yaqub, Mohammad. "Automatic measurements of femoral characteristics using 3D ultrasound images in utero." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:857a12d2-ffe3-4fa6-89c3-0d8319ee2fbb.

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Vitamin D is very important for endochondral ossification and it is commonly insufficient during pregnancy (Javaid et al., 2006). Insufficiency of vitamin D during pregnancy predicts bone mass and hence predicts adult osteoporosis (Javaid et al., 2006). The relationship between maternal vitamin D and manually measured fetal biometry has been studied (Mahon et al., 2009). However, manual fetal biometry especially volumetric measurements are subjective, time-consuming and possibly irreproducible. Computerised measurements can overcome or at least reduce such problems. This thesis concerns the development and evaluation of novel methods to do this. This thesis makes three contributions. Firstly, we have developed a novel technique based on the Random Forests (RF) classifier to segment and measure several fetal femoral characteristics from 3D ultrasound volumes automatically. We propose a feature selection step in the training stage to eliminate irrelevant features and utilise the "good" ones. We also develop a weighted voting mechanism to weight tree probabilistic decisions in the RF classifier. We show that the new RF classifier is more accurate than the classic method (Yaqub et al., 2010b, Yaqub et al., 2011b). We achieved 83% segmentation precision using the proposed technique compared to manually segmented volumes. The proposed segmentation technique was also validated on segmenting adult brain structures in MR images and it showed excellent accuracy. The second contribution is a wavelet-based image fusion technique to enhance the quality of the fetal femur and to compensate for missing information in one volume due to signal attenuation and acoustic shadowing. We show that using image fusion to increase the image quality of ultrasound images of bony structures leads to a more accurate and reproducible assessment and measurement qualitatively and quantitatively (Yaqub et al., 2010a, Yaqub et al., 2011a). The third contribution concerns the analysis of data from a cohort study of 450 fetal femoral ultrasound volumes (18-21 week gestation). The femur length, cross-sectional areas, volume, splaying indices and angles were automatically measured using the RF method. The relationship between these measurements and the fetal gestational age and maternal vitamin D was investigated. Segmentation of a fetal femur is fast (2.3s/volume), thanks to the parallel implementation. The femur volume, length, splaying index were found to significantly correlate with fetal gestational age. Furthermore, significant correlations between the automatic measurements and 10 nmol increment in maternal 25OHD during second trimester were found.
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Økland, Inger. "Biases in second-trimester ultrasound dating related to prediction models and fetal measurements." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for laboratoriemedisin, barne- og kvinnesykdommer, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16221.

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FEILKILDER VED ULTRALYD-BASERT TERMINFASTSETTELSE I 2. TRIMESTER, RELATERT TIL PREDIKSJONSMETODER OG MÅLINGER  Rutineundersøkelsen med ultralyd rundt svangerskapsuke 17–19 har vært en viktig del av norsk svangerskapsomsorg siden den ble innført i 1986. Når skjer fødselen? — altså sikker fastsettelse av fødselstermin, er ett av spørsmålene rutineundersøkelsen skal gi svar på. Terminen er blitt bestemt ved at fosterstørrelsen måles med ultralyd og relateres til antatt fosteralder og derfra til beregnet ultralydtermin. Termindato er vanligvis basert på målinger av fosterets hodestørrelse, men lengden av lårbeinet kan også brukes. Det er viktig at modellene som brukes til terminberegning og målingene de baserer seg på, ikke har svakheter som fører til utilsiktede, systematiske feil i ultralydterminene. Vi har undersøkt 3 norske modeller for terminbestemmelse, ‘Snurra’, ‘Terminhjulet’ og ‘eSnurra’, og sammenliknet terminen som ble fastsatt med hver modell med det faktiske fødselstidspunktet. Vi har også gjort en studie der vi har vurdert om ultralydmålingene av fosterlårbein endres over tid som følge av tekniske forbedringer i ultralydmaskinene. Studie 1: I en database med 41 343 rutineundersøkelser utført ved St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, sammenliknet vi kvaliteten på terminene som ble fastsatt med de 2 tradisjonelle modellene Snurra og Terminhjulet. Vi fant systematiske avvik; Snurra beregnet termin for seint og Terminhjulet for tidlig i forhold til reelt fødselstidspunkt. Avvikene varierte med fosterstørrelsen på undersøkelsestidspunktet, de strakte seg fra 0 til 4 dager og i hver sin retning. Sannsynligvis skyldes avvikene at det litt snevre datagrunnlaget til de tradisjonelle modellene ikke er godt nok tilpasset den populasjonen de brukes i. Studie 2: I tillegg til de 2 tradisjonelle modellenes beregninger, så vi nå også på terminene som ble bestemt med en ny populasjonsbasert modell, eSnurra. Vi brukte en database med 9046 rutineundersøkelser fra Stavanger Universitetssjukehus. Resultatene for de 2 første modellene tilsvarte resultatene i Studie 1 både for terminer beregnet fra hodemål og fra lårbeinsmål. eSnurra predikerte stabile, korrekte ultralydterminer, uavhengig av fosterstørrelsen ved undersøkelsen. Studie 3: Vi ønsket å se om resultatene fra Studie 1 og 2 lot seg reprodusere også i en tredje populasjon og analyserte derfor 23 020 rutineundersøkelse fra Oppland fylke. Også her var resultatene stabile for eSnurra; avviket mellom fødselstidspunkt og ultralydtermin var stort sett mindre enn 1 døgn. For de 2 andre modellene var mønsteret det samme som tidligere påvist. Avvikene virker uunngåelige med de tradisjonelle, seleksjonsbaserte modellene. Studie 4: Strålebredden i ultralydapparatene blir smalere når teknologien blir bedre. Dette kan tenkes å påvirke lengdemålinger av strukturer som måles på tvers av lydstrålens retning. Vi sammenliknet strålebredde i gamle og nye maskiner og analyserte deretter 41 941 ultralydmålinger av fosterlårbein, samlet over en 18-års periode. Tekniske forbedringer har redusert strålebredden, og dette påvirker enkelte ultralydmålinger ved at strukturen blir målt kortere. Gamle måletabeller kan gi feil resultat. Konklusjon: En undersøkelse som tilbyes alle gravide bør være standardisert og resultatene til å stole på. En termindato med avvik på 4 dager kan ha konsekvenser både for behandling av svært preterme fostre og for håndtering av overtidige svangerskap. En populasjonsbasert modell for terminfastsettelse (eSnurra) synes å være bedre tilpasset norske svangerskap enn de tradisjonelle modellene.
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Bergman, Eva. "Symphysis Fundus Measurements for Detection of Intrauterine Growth Retardation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122256.

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Connor, Jillian. "Measurement of, and relationship between, placental size and fetal cardiac development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397649/.

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Introduction -Fetal programming is the concept by which a fetus adapts to the intrauterine environment by altering blood flow to various organs which may induce permanent structural and/or functional change in those organs, altering disease susceptibility in later life. We hypothesised that the heart is a susceptible organ and that alterations in blood flow from the placenta in relation to maternal factors may have different effects on each side of the heart. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility of measuring placental volume and growth, cardiac structure and cardiac function and assess the relationships between these measurements and also to maternal characteristics. Methods - We undertook a prospective, cross-sectional cohort study of low-risk women. 144 scans were performed on 127 women, 89 in the first trimester (10+6-13+6 weeks gestation) and 55 in the second trimester (18+0-20+6 weeks gestation). 17 of these women were scanned in both trimesters. Measurements performed were the left and right myocardial performance index to assess cardiac function and 3D placental volume. Second trimester cardiac structure was assessed by 2D measurements of total cardiac circumference, total ventricular circumference and internal left and right ventricular circumferences. These measurements were then correlated with each other, standard fetal biometry, maternal body composition, and birth and placental weights. Results - We developed reliable and reproducible techniques for measuring placental volume in the first and second trimester and relative cardiac chamber sizes in the second trimester, but had difficulty reliably measuring cardiac function by means of the myocardial performance index. We did not find any significant relationships between maternal body composition and fetal cardiac function or structure within our small cohort. Conclusions - Assessment of fetal cardiac function and structure in relation to maternal nutritional status and stress has the potential for detecting fetuses adapting to an adverse intra-uterine environment. This could assist identification of the maternal factors which lead to increased risk of disease in adult life and facilitate the development of targeted diet and lifestyle interventions.
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Books on the topic "Fetal measurements"

1

Oxford), International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements (1984. Fetal and neonatal physiological measurements. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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Oxford), International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements (2nd 1984. Fetal physiological measurements: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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Peter, Rolfe, ed. Fetal physiological measurements: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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Party, British Medical Ultrasound Society Fetal Measurements Working. Clinical applications of ultrasonic fetal measurements: The British Medical Ultrasound Society, Fetal Measurements Working Party report. London: British Institute of Radiology, 1990.

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1954-, Deutinger J., and Bernaschek G. 1950-, eds. Fetal sonographic biometry: A guide to normal and abnormal measurements. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1997.

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International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements (2nd 1984 Oxford). Neonatal physiological measurements: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements. London: Butterworths, 1986.

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International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements (4th 1991 Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands). Fetal and neonatal physiological measurements: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fetal and Neonatal Physiological Measurements, Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands, 12-15 May, 1991. Edited by Lafeber Harry N, Aarnoudse Jan Gerard, and Jongsma Henk W. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1991.

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Seaward, P. Gareth R. Integrated maternal serum screening and nuchal skin fold thickness measurements in the second trimester prenatal diagnosis of fetal down syndrome. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Dev, Maulik, and McNellis Donald, eds. Doppler ultrasound measurement of maternal-fetal hemodynamics. Ithaca, N.Y: Perinatology Press, 1987.

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Arabin, Birgit. Doppler Blood Flow Measurement in Uteroplacental and Fetal Vessels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74991-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fetal measurements"

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Hargitai, Beata. "Body Measurements." In Practical Manual of Fetal Pathology, 29–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42492-3_4.

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Wladimiroff, J. W., H. M. Tonge, and P. C. Struijk. "Blood Flow Measurements in the Human Fetus." In Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring, 234–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70358-4_24.

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Lai, Khin Wee, and Eko Supriyanto. "Clinical Tests and Measurements." In Detection of Fetal Abnormalities Based on Three Dimensional Nuchal Translucency, 95–108. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4021-96-8_4.

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Hargitai, Beata. "Diagnostic Criteria of Fetal Growth Abnormalities and Interpretation of Postmortem Size and Weight Measurements." In Practical Manual of Fetal Pathology, 69–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42492-3_6.

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Płotka, Szymon, Tomasz Włodarczyk, Adam Klasa, Michał Lipa, Arkadiusz Sitek, and Tomasz Trzciński. "FetalNet: Multi-task Deep Learning Framework for Fetal Ultrasound Biometric Measurements." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 257–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92310-5_30.

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Jayanthi Sree, S., and C. Vasanthanayaki. "Texture-Based Fuzzy Connectedness Algorithm for Fetal Ultrasound Image Segmentation for Biometric Measurements." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 91–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0035-0_8.

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Avisdris, Netanell, Dafna Ben Bashat, Liat Ben-Sira, and Leo Joskowicz. "Fetal Brain MRI Measurements Using a Deep Learning Landmark Network with Reliability Estimation." In Uncertainty for Safe Utilization of Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, and Perinatal Imaging, Placental and Preterm Image Analysis, 210–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87735-4_20.

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Onoda, Y., K. Ninomiya, T. Ishikawa, M. Saito, T. Teshirogi, S. Kamoi, T. Araki, and I. Nakamura. "Comparison of Echocardiographic Assessment in Normal Human Fetuses with Measurements from Postmortem Fetal Hearts." In Pediatric Cardiology, 41–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8598-1_10.

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Perez-Gonzalez, J. L., J. C. Bello Muńoz, M. C. Rolon Porras, Fernando Arámbula-Cosío, and V. Medina-Bańuelos. "Automatic Fetal Head Measurements from Ultrasound Images Using Optimal Ellipse Detection and Texture Maps." In VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014, 329–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13117-7_85.

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Eik-Nes, S. H. "Technical basis for Doppler blood flow measurement." In Fetal Growth, 277–85. London: Springer London, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1707-0_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fetal measurements"

1

Bobrova, Yulia O., Olga N. Kapranova, and Kseniya V. Filipenko. "Algorithm for Detecting Alarming Fetal Conditions." In 2021 XXIV International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scm52931.2021.9507177.

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Nazarpour, Kianoush, Siamak Ebadi, and Saeid Sanei. "Fetal Electrocardiogram Signal Modelling Using Genetic Algorithm." In 2007 IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea.2007.4285156.

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Salari, Valiollah, I. Zador, Lawrence Chik, and Robert J. Sokol. "Automated measurements of fetal head from ultrasound images." In Medical Imaging '90, Newport Beach, 4-9 Feb 90, edited by Murray H. Loew. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.18907.

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Bracamontes Piña, María Georgina, Erik Bojorges-Valdez, Lisbeth Camargo Marín, Mario Guzmán Huerta, Moisés Sánchez Rivera, and Verónica Medina Bañuelos. "Fetal biometric measurements during the first trimester of pregnancy." In 12th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis, edited by Eduardo Romero, Natasha Lepore, Jorge Brieva, and Ignacio Larrabide. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2256899.

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Frigo, G., and G. Giorgi. "Robust Baseline Measurement for Reliable Fetal Heart Rate Evaluation." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea.2018.8438706.

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Barabino, Gianluca, Danilo Pani, Alessia Dessi, and Luigi Raffo. "A configurable biopotentials acquisition module suitable for fetal electrocardiography studies." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memea.2015.7145251.

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Ramla, M., S. Sangeetha, and S. Nickolas. "Fetal Health State Monitoring Using Decision Tree Classifier from Cardiotocography Measurements." In 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccons.2018.8663047.

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Jenkins, W. K., H. Ding, M. Zenaldin, A. D. Salvia, and R. M. Collins. "Adaptive signal processing techniques for extracting fetal electrocardiograms from noninvasive measurements." In 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908496.

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Senanayaka, Janith Bandara, Eranda Somathilake, Upekha Delay, Samitha Gunarathne, Roshan Godaliyadda, Parakrama Ekanayake, Janaka Wijayakulasooriya, and Chathura Rathnayake. "Fetal Movement Identification from Multi-Accelerometer Measurements using Recurrent Neural Networks." In 2021 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciis53135.2021.9660747.

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Luria, O., J. Bar, M. Kovo, J. Shalev, and O. Barnea. "Inverse solution of the fetal-circulation model based on ultrasound Doppler measurements." In 2012 IEEE 27th Convention of Electrical & Electronics Engineers in Israel (IEEEI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeei.2012.6376962.

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Reports on the topic "Fetal measurements"

1

MacLellan, J. A. Performance testing of radiobioassay laboratories: In vitro measurements, fecal study report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6924361.

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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
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