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Journal articles on the topic 'Fetal anoxia'
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Sedmera, David, Pavel Kucera, and Eric Raddatz. "Developmental changes in cardiac recovery from anoxia-reoxygenation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 283, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): R379—R388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00534.2001.
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The developing cardiovascular system is known to operate normally in a hypoxic environment. However, the functional and ultrastructural recovery of embryonic/fetal hearts subjected to anoxia lasting as long as hypoxia/ischemia performed in adult animal models remains to be investigated. Isolated spontaneously beating hearts from Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stages 14( 14HH), 20HH, 24HH, and 27HH chick embryos were subjected in vitro to 30 or 60 min of anoxia followed by 60 min of reoxygenation. Morphological alterations and apoptosis were assessed histologically and by transmission electron microscopy. Anoxia provoked an initial tachycardia followed by bradycardia leading to complete cardiac arrest, except for in the youngest heart, which kept beating. Complete atrioventricular block appeared after 9.4 ± 1.1, 1.7 ± 0.2, and 1.6 ± 0.3 min at stages 20HH, 24HH, and 27HH, respectively. At reoxygenation, sinoatrial activity resumed first in the form of irregular bursts, and one-to-one atrioventricular conduction resumed after 8, 17, and 35 min at stages 20HH, 24HH, and 27HH, respectively. Ventricular shortening recovered within 30 min except at stage 27HH. After 60 min of anoxia, stage 27HHhearts did not retrieve their baseline activity. Whatever the stage and anoxia duration, nuclear and mitochondrial swelling observed at the end of anoxia were reversible with no apoptosis. Thus the embryonic heart is able to fully recover from anoxia/reoxygenation although its anoxic tolerance declines with age. Changes in cellular homeostatic mechanisms rather than in energy metabolism may account for these developmental variations.
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Cybulsky, Andrey V., Tomoko Takano, Joan Papillon, Abdelkrim Khadir, Krikor Bijian, Chu-Chun Chien, Charles E. Alpers, and Hamid Rabb. "Renal expression and activity of the germinal center kinase SK2." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 286, no. 1 (January 2004): F16—F25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00144.2003.
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Rat fetal kidney mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR to identify protein kinases. This screening demonstrated expression of a protein kinase consistent with SK2, a group II germinal center kinase and homolog of human Ste20-like kinase (SLK). SK2 mRNA, protein expression, and kinase activity were increased in rat fetal kidney homogenates ( embryonic days 17–21) compared with adult controls. In adult kidneys subjected to cross-clamping of the renal artery, followed by reperfusion, SK2 mRNA, protein expression, and kinase activity were increased compared with untreated contralateral controls. By immunohistochemistry, SK2 expression was evident mainly in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells in fetal and adult kidneys. There was also some expression in developing and mature podocytes, but staining of the interstitium was negative. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, SK2 kinase activity was increased after incubation with serum, or after exposure to chemical anoxia plus reexposure to glucose. Stable overexpression of SLK reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis and exacerbated apoptosis and necrosis after chemical anoxia plus reexposure to glucose. Thus SK2 is a renal epithelial protein kinase whose expression and activity are increased during development and recovery from acute renal failure, where tubular epithelial regeneration may recapitulate developmental processes. The actions of SK2 appear to be antiproliferative and may facilitate cell injury.
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Rabetsimamanga, Lyn Z. A., Hary F. Rabarikoto, Eddie B. Rekoronirina, and Hery R. Andrianampanalinarivo. "Spontaneous umbilical cord hematoma causing still birth: a case report in Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 5 (April 28, 2018): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181474.
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Spontaneous umbilical cord hematoma is uncommon complication during delivery. It is responsible for severe fetal distress or death. We report a case of a 28 year-old primigravida Malagasy woman at the 37th weeks of gestation. She was admitted in the delivery room for beat oscillating on the fetal heart monitoring at the beginning of labour. Cesarean section was indicated for acute fetal distress in monitoring at dilation 5cm of the cervix traduced by some decelerations. But she gives birth to a still born female fetus by vaginal way short time after. A 5,5 cm hematoma was discovered on umbilical cord. This still birth may be due to anoxia during acute compression of the umbilical vessels by the hematoma. So, placental and cord examinations in cases of unexplained fetal hypoxia and stillbirth are very important.
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RIDOUT, R., K. WILDENTHAL, and R. DECKER. "Lysosomal responses of fetal mouse hearts recovering from anoxia and substrate depletion." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18, no. 8 (August 1986): 853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80959-2.
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Turinsky, J., B. P. Bayly, and D. M. O'Sullivan. "1,2-Diacylglycerol and ceramide levels in rat liver and skeletal muscle in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 261, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): E620—E627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.5.e620.
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1,2-Diacylglycerol and ceramide levels were measured in liver and skeletal muscle of rats under the following four experimental conditions: 1) during rapid fetal growth in the second half of gestation and during postnatal aging, 2) during tissue anoxia lasting up to 10 min, 3) during fasting for up to 6 days, and 4) during stress induced by injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enteritidis). 1,2-Diacylglycerol and ceramide levels in fetal liver were 77 and 58% lower, respectively, than those of young rats after weaning. 1,2-Diacylglycerol and ceramide concentrations in liver of postnatal rats were not influenced by aging. Anoxia produced a 41–64% increase in liver 1,2-diacylglycerol levels and a 9–21% increase in liver ceramides. Fasting of adult rats for up to 6 days had no effect on 1,2-diacylglycerol and ceramide levels in liver. However, fasting increased skeletal muscle concentrations of 1,2-diacylglycerol and ceramides 88 and 44%, respectively. Injection of endotoxin had a biphasic effect on liver 1,2-diacylglycerol levels, causing a transient 52% increase at 1 h, followed by a 24–38% decrease below the control level at 17 h after endotoxin administration. Liver ceramide levels were increased 66, 52, and 27% at 1, 3, and 5 h after endotoxin, respectively, but did not differ from control at 17 h after injection. Endotoxin had no effect on muscle 1,2-diacylglycerol and ceramide concentrations at any interval.
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Gosseye, Serge, Marie-Claire Golaire, and Jeanne-Claudie Larroche. "Cerebral, Renal and Splenic Lesions due to Fetal Anoxia and their Relationship to Malformations." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 24, no. 5 (November 12, 2008): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13658.x.
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Intriago Balda, José Vicente, José Leonardo Castro Zambrano, Luís Carlos Demera Demera, and Valeria Soraya Franco Muñoz. "Sufrimiento fetal agudo en pacientes con preeclampsia con signos de severidad." RECIAMUC 6, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/6.(1).enero.2022.420-433.
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La preeclampsia-eclampsia es un trastorno multisistémico de causa desconocida, que incrementa la morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. En algunos países latinoamericanos, los problemas con mayor regularidad en las gestantes y que producen alteraciones fetales de diferente índole, son los trastornos hipertensivos. La placentación anormal que se produce en la preeclampsia se relaciona con poca o ausente remodelación de las arterias espirales maternas En la preeclampsia y la eclampsia los fetos se encuentran mal oxigenados (hipoxia crónica fetal) y desnutridos, son hipotróficos y algunos recién nacidos presentan lesiones neurológicas irreversibles. El Sufrimiento fetal agudo es cuando el feto presenta asfixia acelerada que puede provocar descomposición de una respuesta fisiológica o un daño que va afectar al sistema nervioso central, deficiencia múltiple de órganos y por ende llega a la muerte fetal. El diagnostico de concluye con los siguientes elementos: acidosis, anoxia, hipoxia, frecuencia cardiaca fetal, asfixia, liquido meconial. Para conseguir el objetivo palteado se ha realizado la búsqueda de artículos científicos, libros, guías, tesis, trabajos de grado y toda publicación de carácter académico derivada de repositorios médicos como PUBMed, Elseiver, Scielo y editoras académicas universitarias. Se ha utilizado el motor de búsqueda Google académico bajo las fórmulas “sufrimiento fetal”, “preeclampsia” y “sufrimiento fetal agudo en pacientes con preeclampsia “, tomando solo las publicaciones por relevancia que aporten una descripción global de los elementos que exponen de manera explícita la relación entre el diagnostico de sufrimiento fetal derivado de una preeclampsia materna, sin descartar las características y consideraciones para un diagnóstico. El sufrimiento Fetal está estrechamente ligado al desarrollo de enfermedades hipertensivas, sin embargo, dichas afecciones maternas afortunadamente tienen elementos preventivos que conllevan a un pronóstico favorable al momento de cuidar el desarrollo de nuevas vidas. Aunque el Sufrimiento Fetal engloba unas posibles consecuencias para el recién nacido, no necesariamente ligadas a la muerte, sino que es importante resaltar que la posibilidad de desencadenar efectos neurológicos a largo plazo invita a potenciar los mecanismos preventivos para evitarlo.
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Bissonnette, John M. "Mechanisms regulating hypoxic respiratory depression during fetal and postnatal life." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): R1391—R1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.6.r1391.
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Selected topics in the respiratory response to acute hypoxia in the fetus and newborn are reviewed. Peripheral chemoreceptors acting through ionotrophic glutamate receptors play an important role in affecting the initial augmentation phase. Whether fall off in peripheral chemoreceptor activity contributes to the secondary depressive phase remains controversial. A number of approaches including permanent electrolytic and reversible cooling lesions, Fos protein activation, and double-labeling immunohistochemistry has converged to show that an area in and around the locus ceruleus in the rostral pons affects the central depression. There is evidence that this is mediated by catecholamines acting at α2-adrenergic receptors. Tonic activity in early expiratory (postinspiratory) neurons may contribute to hypoxia-induced apneic episodes in the fetus and newborn. Desensitization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptors has been demonstrated in respiratory-related neurons both in vivo and in vitro. The role that this process might play in the depressive phase of the hypoxic ventilatory response has not been established. In vitro experiments with isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparations or transverse brain stem slices usually involve anoxia, whereas whole animal experiments use 8–15% O2. Therefore, caution must be exercised in attempting to construct a unifying framework from these two approaches.
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Pereira, Lívia Helena M., Juliana R. Machado, Janaínna G. P. Olegário, Laura P. Rocha, Marcos V. Silva, Camila S. O. Guimarães, Marlene A. Reis, Lúcio Roberto Castellano, Fernando S. Ramalho, and Rosana R. M. Corrêa. "Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein Are Overexpressed in the Liver of Perinatal Deaths Diagnosed with Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome." Disease Markers 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/252780.
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Anatomopathologic studies have failed to define the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) as a cause of fetal death. Here, liver fragments of perinatal autopsies were collected at a university hospital from 1990 to 2009 and classified according to the cause of death, perinatal stress, and gestational age (GA) of the fetus. IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression were immunostained, respectively, with primary antibody. Cases with congenital malformation, ascending infection, and perinatal anoxia showed increased IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α, respectively. Prematures presented higher expression of IL-6 whereas term births showed higher expression of CRP. Cases classified as acute stress presented higher expression of IL-6 and TNF-αand cases with chronic stress presented higher expression of CRP. GA correlated negatively with IL-6 and positively with CRP and TNF-α. Body weight correlated negatively with IL-6 and positively with CRP and TNF-α. Despite the diagnosis of FIRS being clinical and based on serum parameters, the findings in the current study allow the inference of FIRS diagnosis in the autopsied infants, based on anin situliver analysis of these markers.
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Pedretti, S., and E. Raddatz. "F007 Modulation of the STAT3 pathway by transient anoxia and oxidant stress in a fetal heart model." Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases 102 (March 2009): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-2136(09)72260-0.
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RIDOUT, R., K. WILDENTHAL, and R. DECKER. "Influence of agents that alter lysosomal function on fetal mouse hearts recovering from anoxia and substrate depletion." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18, no. 8 (August 1986): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80960-9.
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Pasupathy, Dhamintra, Angela Wood, Jill Pell, Michael Fleming, and Gordon Smith. "519: Fetal macrosomia is associated with increased risk of perinatal death due to intrapartum anoxia at term." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 197, no. 6 (December 2007): S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.521.
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Mena González, Patricio. "Atención materno infantil dirigida hacia la comunidad." Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 18, no. 1-2-3 (July 21, 2015): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31403/rpgo.v18i1460.
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El análisis de nuestras cifras de salud muestra altas tasas de mortalidad materna, de mortalidad perinatal, aborto provocado y desnutrición materna. Junto a estas cifras, destaca el daño cerebral mínimo, con secuencia de la mal nutrición fetal, anoxia intraparto y/o desnutrición de los p rimeros meses de vida post parto. Una fórmula orgánica para el enfoque de esta programática podría ser la ampliación de los actuales programas maternales hacia programas integrales de atención de la mujer y la definición dentro de este programa de un sub programa de atención selectiva del alto riesgo obstétrico. Fundamenta el sub programa el hecho de que el alto riesgo se concentra en un pequeño grupo de madres que acumulan la mayor parte de la mortalidad y de los recursos anestésico-quirúrgicos. Parece razonable acumular recursos técnicos y humanos de alta calidad en aquellas pacientes sometidas a un mayor riesgo.
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Sultana, Rashida, Shamsa Humayun, Sofia Manzoor, and Sara Humayun. "Pregnancy Outcome in Acute Viral Hepatitis E." Annals of King Edward Medical University 28, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5006.
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Background: Hepatitis E is associated with poor feto-maternal outcome. Patients with acute hepatitis E who are pregnant usually require hospital admission and monitoring with liver function tests and clotting profile. Objective: To evaluate maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women who have positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Methods: Data of women with clinical presentation of jaundice during pregnancy and who were diagnosed as acute hepatitis E was collected on pre-structured questionnaire after obtaining consent. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Results: Three hundred and thirty three women had positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Out of these three hundred were in last trimester of their pregnancy. The gestational age of two hundred and thirty two (77%) women was less than 37 weeks at presentation. Six (2%) pregnancies ended up in miscarriage, fifty four (16 %) had fetal demise in maternal womb while two hundred and seventy three (82%) were viable fetus. One third of live born babies were kept in NICU. Indications of neonatal admission were respiratory distress in 57(72%), jaundice neonatorum in 12(15%), asphyxia neonatorum in 9(12%), while one (1%) had transient tachypnea. Neonates who died in first week of their life were 18(23%).The cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress in 12 (67%) and anoxia in remaining 6 (33%) neonates. Most of the women were discharged home however maternal mortality was recorded in 80(24%) patients, mainly in postpartum period 73(91%). Conclusion: Pregnant women with acute hepatitis E have more complicated course of this viral infection with adverse fetal and maternal implications.
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Carey, Gregory, and Irving I. Gottesman. "Genes and Antisocial Behavior: Perceived versus Real Threats to Jurisprudence." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00039.x.
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Combine the following: medicine, ethics, jurisprudence, behavioral genetics, and antisocial behavior (ASB). Given our level of scientific knowledge today, this combination is more akin to a cerebral smorgasbord than to a dinner where starter, entree, wine, and dessert are carefully chosen to complement one another. Hence, any survey of menus must be highly selective. We accept as a given that there is a noteworthy genetic influence on ASB no matter how it is defined. In terms of behavioral research, the magnitude of that genetic influence is substantial, but so is the impact from the environment, broadly defined to include pre-and post-natal, physical (e.g., anoxia, fetal alcohol syndrome, or crack) as well as psychosocial (e.g., quality of parenting, ethnic culture, or religion) elements.We will discuss some of the major issues raised by this fact of genetic influence that have most applicability to topics usually raised by observers outside of behavioral genetics.
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Stulc, J., B. Stulcova, S. Husain, and C. P. Sibley. "Transfer of Cl- across placenta of anesthetized rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): R1107—R1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.5.r1107.
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The mechanisms of Cl- transfer across the rat placenta have been investigated. Clearance across the intact placenta from mother to fetus (m-->f) of 51Cr-EDTA (paracellular diffusion marker) and 36Cl- (Kmf) was 1.9 +/- 0.1 and 37.3 +/- 4.1 microliters/min, respectively (mean +/- SE, n = 10), the large difference indicating that most m-->f transfer of Cl- is transcellular. The clearance of 36Cl- across the dually perfused placenta in m-->f and fetal-to-maternal directions was symmetrical and highly sensitive to the anion-exchange inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (0.1 mM). The Kmf of 36Cl- was not inhibited by anoxia and had a low temperature quotient (Q10 between 32 and 37 degrees C was 1.52). The m --> f transfer of Cl- seemed to be fully saturated at physiological concentrations of Cl-. 36Cl- could be displaced from the transporter on the maternal side by other anions with the following order of affinity: Cl- approximately NO3- > Br- > lactate- >> gluconate. It is concluded that most of the Cl- transfer across the rat placenta is effected by an anion exchanger.
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Romero Becerra, Liseth Rocio, and Luis Carlos Veloza. "Leptospirosis bovina como causa de enfermedad reproductiva." Revista Sistemas de Producción Agroecológicos 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2014): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/22484817.657.
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La leptospirosis es una enfermedad infecciosa de carácter zoonótico y de distribución mundial, es caudada por espiroquetas del género Leptospira, especies: L. interrogans y L. biflexa (según clasificación fenotípica) o L. interrogans, L. biflexa y L. kirschneri (según clasificación genotípica). Los factores de virulencia asociados a Leptospiras patógenas son endotoxinas, hemolisinas esfingomielinasa, fosfolipasa y proteínas superficiales de adherencia. En los bovinos se ha encontrado Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar hardjo, tipo hardjo bovis como un serovar adaptado, y Leptospira interrogans Serovar hardjo, tipo hardjo prajitmo de la especie interrogans, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola y L. grippotyphosa como un serovares no adaptados. A nivel mundial Leptospira hardjo no es el único agente patógeno asociado a las fallas reproductivas y tampoco es la única serovariedad de Leptospira encontrada en bovinos. La inmunidad presentada frente a la leptospirosis es de tipo humoral, con un periodo de incubación de 4 a 10 días, se disemina en hígado, riñones, pulmones, tracto reproductor (placenta) y líquido cefalorraquídeo, produciendo daño al endotelio de los vasos sanguíneos, isquemia localizada en los órganos, necrosis tubular renal, daño hepatocelular y pulmonar, meningitis, miositis y placentitis. Las sustancias toxicas causan lisis de los eritrocitos y atraviesan la barrera placentaria produciendo la muerte fetal por anoxia terminando en aborto 1 o 2 días después.
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Mach, Mojmír, Michal Dubovický, Jana Navarová, Ingrid Brucknerová, and Eduard Ujházy. "Experimental modeling of hypoxia in pregnancy and early postnatal life." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0005-3.
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Experimental modeling of hypoxia in pregnancy and early postnatal lifeThe important role of equilibrium of environmental factors during the embryo-fetal period is undisputable. Women of reproductive age are increasingly exposed to various environmental risk factors such as hypoxia, prenatal viral infections, use of drugs, smoking, complications of birth or stressful life events. These early hazards represent an important risk for structural and/or functional maldevelopment of the fetus and neonates. Impairment of oxygen/energy supply during the pre- and perinatal period may affect neuronal functions and induce cell death. Thus when death of the newborn is not occurring following intrauterine hypoxia, various neurological deficits, including hyperactivity, learning disabilities, mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, dystonia etc., may develop both in humans and in experimental animals. In our animal studies we used several approaches for modeling hypoxia in rats during pregnancy and shortly after delivery, i.e. chronic intrauterine hypoxia induced by the antiepileptic drug phenytoin, neonatal anoxia by decreased oxygen saturation in 2-day-old pups. Using these models we were able to test potential protective properties of natural (vitamin E, melatonin) and synthetic (stobadine) compounds. Based on our results, stobadine was also able to reduce hypoxia-induced hyperactivity and the antioxidant capacity of stobadine exceeded that of vitamin E and melatonin, and contrary to vitamin E, stobadine had no adverse effects on developing fetus and offspring.
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Mason, R. Bryan, Ryszard M. Pluta, Stuart Walbridge, David A. Wink, Edward H. Oldfield, and Robert J. Boock. "Production of reactive oxygen species after reperfusion in vitro and in vivo: protective effect of nitric oxide." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 1 (July 2000): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.1.0099.
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Object. Thrombolytic treatments for ischemic stroke can restore circulation, but reperfusion injury, mediated by oxygen free radicals, can limit their utility. The authors hypothesized that, during reperfusion, nitric oxide (NO) provides cytoprotection against oxygen free radical species.Methods. Levels of NO and oxygen free radicals were determined in both reoxygenation in vitro and reperfusion in vivo models using an NO electrochemical probe and high-performance liquid chromatography with the 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid trapping method, before and after addition of the NO donor diethanolamine nitric oxide (DEA/NO).Reoxygenation after anoxia produced a twofold increase in NO release by human fetal astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells (p < 0.005). In both cell lines, there was also a two- to threefold increase in oxygen free radical production (p < 0.005). In human fetal astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells given a single dose of DEA/NO, free radical production dropped fivefold compared with peak ischemic levels (p < 0.001). In a study in which a rat global cerebral ischemia model was used, NO production in a vehicle-treated group increased 48 ± 16% above baseline levels after reperfusion. After intravenous DEA/NO infusion, NO reached 1.6 times the concentration of the postischemic peak in vehicle-treated animals. In vehicle-treated animals during reperfusion, free radical production increased 4.5-fold over basal levels (p < 0.01). After intravenous DEA/NO infusion, free radical production dropped nearly 10-fold compared with peak levels in vehicle-treated animals (p < 0.006). The infarct volume in the vehicle-treated animals was 111 ± 16.9 mm3; after DEA/NO infusion it was 64.8 ± 23.4 mm3 (p < 0.01).Conclusions. The beneficial effect of early restoration of cerebral circulation after cerebral ischemia is limited by reperfusion injury. These results indicate that NO release and oxygen free radical production increase during reperfusion, and suggest a possible early treatment of reperfusion injury using NO donors.
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Stigger, Felipe, Arthur L. de S. Felizzola, Glaucia A. Kronbauer, Gabriela K. Couto, Matilde Achaval, and Simone Marcuzzo. "Effects of fetal exposure to lipopolysaccharide, perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction on motor skills and musculoskeletal tissue: Implications for an animal model of cerebral palsy." Experimental Neurology 228, no. 2 (April 2011): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.01.001.
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Mustar. "HUBUNGAN PARTUS LAMA DENGAN KEJADIAN ASFIKSIA PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI UPT PUSKESMAS WATAMPONE." Jurnal Suara Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56836/journaliskb.v7i2.37.
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Abstract. Newborn asphyxia can be associated with several conditions of pregnancy and birth. The baby is in a high-risk state and the mother is in a high-risk pregnancy. At the age of 30 weeks of gestation, the fetal lungs have shown maturation both anatomically and functionally, although the fetus does not carry out respiratory movements unless there is a disturbance that can cause hypoxia / anoxia. In the asphyxia state, the baby is deficient in O2 and excess CO2 which can lead to acidosis. This condition is the cause of failure to adapt and often progresses to respiratory distress syndrome and in the first days of birth.To know the relationship between old labor and the incidence of asphyxia in newborns at the UPT Puskesmas Watampone.The type of research used in this study was an analytic survey with a cross sectional study design. So that the number of samples that meet the criteria is determined as many as 20 people.The results showed that there was a relationship between prolonged labor and the incidence of asphyxia in newborns, with the chi square test value obtained p-value = 0.001 p <0.05. Of the 20 respondents, the highest was found in the category of non-labor for a long time and did not experience asphyxia as many as 13 respondents (65%). While the lowest was in the category of prolonged labor and not experiencing asphyxia as many as 2 respondents (10%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between prolonged labor and the incidence of asphyxia in newborns at the UPT Puskesmas Watampone
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Zietlow, Rike, Simon R. Sinclair, Christof J. Schwiening, Stephen B. Dunnett, and James W. Fawcett. "The Release of Excitatory Amino Acids, Dopamine, and Potassium following Transplantation of Embryonic Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Grafts to the Rat Striatum, and Their Effects on Dopaminergic Neuronal Survival In Vitro." Cell Transplantation 11, no. 7 (October 2002): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000002783985396.
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A major limitation to the effectiveness of grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue for parkinsonism is that about 90–95% of grafted dopaminergic neurones die. In rats, many of the cells are dead within 1 day and most cell death is complete within 1 week. Our previous results suggest that a major cause of this cell death is the release of toxins from the injured CNS tissue surrounding the graft, and that many of these toxins have dissipated within 1 h of inserting the grafting cannula. In the present experiments we measured the change over time in the concentration of several potential toxins around an acutely implanted grafting cannula. We also measured the additional effect of injecting suspensions of embryonic mesencephalon, latex microspheres, or vehicle on these concentrations. Measurements of glutamate, aspartate, and dopamine by microdialysis showed elevated levels during the first 20–60 min, which then declined to baseline. In the first 20 min glutamate levels were 10.7 times, aspartate levels 5 times, and dopamine levels 24.3 times baseline. Potassium levels increased to a peak of 33 ± 10.6 mM 4–5 min after cannula insertion, returning to baseline of <5 mM by 30 min. Injection of cell suspension, latex microspheres, or vehicle had no significant effect on these levels. We then assayed the effect of high concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, dopamine, and potassium on dopaminergic neuronal survival in E14 ventral mesencephalic cultures. In monolayer cultures only dopamine at 200 μM showed toxicity. In three-dimensional cultures only the combination of raised potassium, dopamine, glutamate, and aspartate together decreased dopaminergic neuronal survival. We conclude that toxins other than the ones measured are the main cause of dopaminergic cell death after transplantation, or the effects of the toxins measured are enhanced by anoxia and metabolic challenges affecting newly inserted grafts.
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Delomenie, Myriam, Floriane Schneider, Joëlle Beaudet, René Gabriel, Nathalie Bednarek, and Olivier Graesslin. "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning during Pregnancy: Presentation of a Rare Severe Case with Fetal Bladder Complications." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/687975.
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Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy is a rare and potentially serious condition. Fetal complications are uncommon, related to anoxic lesions. The severity of these complications does not depend on the level of maternal COHb. We report the case of a 22-year-old pregnant woman who at 30 weeks of gestation had carbon monoxide poisoning secondary to a fire in her home, complicated by cardiac arrest and severe fetal damage. The child had not brain damage, but presented bladder lesions not previously described, with urinary ascites complicating megacystis.
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Yoo, Yun Ha, and Jung Gu Kim. "Aqueous Corrosion Characteristics of Iron Aluminides." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.23.
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Aqueous corrosion behaviors of Fe3Al-based iron aluminides were investigated. From the result of cyclic anodic polarization tests conducted in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25, 48, 72 and 95°C, as the temperature increased, the resistance to pitting corrosion decreased significantly, especially over the range of 25~48°C. From the result of crevice corrosion tests, no crevice corrosion occurred on FAL-Mo in the lower chloride-containing solution (200 ppm Cl-), however, FAL-Mo did not perform as well as the 304L SS in the higher chloride-containing solution (3.5 wt.% NaCl). From the result of anodic polarization tests performed in sulfur-compound solutions, additions of Cr and Mo to the Fe3Al-based iron aluminides tend to improve the aqueous corrosion resistance. Aqueous corrosion behaviors with different Al content evaluated by cyclic anodic polarization test in the chloride-containing solution exhibited the more stable passive behavior and the higher pitting resistance as Al contents increased.
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Emparanza-Knörr, Ana, and Francisco Torrella. "Microbiological performance and salmonella dynamics in a wastewater depuration pond system of southeastern spain." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0492.
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The Salmonella presence and the microbiological quality indicators, total and fecal coliforms and coliphages of E. coli C, have been studied in a overloaded wastewater lagoon system treating urban wastewatrers of the village of Guardamar del Segura (Alicante, Spain). Classical microbiological technology to detect salmonellae was used, including pre-enrichment, enrichment, selective media plating and biochemical and serological confirmation. Water was physicochemically characterized according to COD, SS, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The selective migration step through Rappaport-Vassiliadis semisolid agar medium was essential for the consistent detection of Salmonella in the different lagoon effluents. Total and fecal coliform levels of up to 105-106 MPN/100 ml were detected in the final effluent. High coliphage concentrations of 103-104 pfu/ml were also found in the effluent waters. Salmonella was always detected in 100 ml samples and eventually reached an order of value of 103 MPN/100 ml. Total coliform reduction was higher in the anaerobic ponds whereas fecal coliforms were more efficiently eliminated in the facultative (mostly “anoxic”) lagoons. Coliphage reduction was higher in the facultative lagoons when compared to the anaerobic ponds. On many occasions, no reduction or eventual increment of the concentration of salmonellae was detected in the effluents from the anaerobic ponds compared to concentrations of the patohogen in the influent raw wasterwaters. The possibility exists for a capacity of Salmonella to multiply in the anoxic phase of the wastewater treatment, but the presence of microorganisms in raw sewage waters which could maskSalmonella detection with the enrichment methodology employed cannot be ruled out.
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Abdeen, Safra, Wu Di, Lu Hui, Guang-Hao Chen, and Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht. "Fecal coliform removal in a sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI) process for saline sewage treatment." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 2564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.516.
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The Sulfate Reduction, Autotrophic Denitrification, Nitrification Integrated (SANI) process has been specially designed to treat saline wastewater. In the process no biological excess sludge is produced. SANI process also has the added advantages of cost and footprint reduction when compared to traditional activated sludge processes. In the SANI pilot plant, the fecal coliform removal efficiency in the sulfate reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) was found to be 1.4 log, whereas that in the subsequent anoxic and aerobic reactors it was 0.6 and 0.2 log, respectively, leading to a relatively high overall coliform removal of 2.2 log. Sulfide was confirmed to be toxic to fecal coliform and the contact time between the sulfide produced and coliform in the SRUSB played an important role in the removal.
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Power, Gordon G., Shannon L. Bragg, Bryan T. Oshiro, Andre Dejam, Christian J. Hunter, and Arlin B. Blood. "A novel method of measuring reduction of nitrite-induced methemoglobin applied to fetal and adult blood of humans and sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (October 2007): 1359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00443.2007.
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The reaction of nitrite with deoxyhemoglobin results in the production of nitric oxide and methemoglobin, a reaction recently proposed as an important oxygen-sensitive source of vasoactive nitric oxide during hypoxic and anoxic stress, with several animal studies suggesting that nitrite may have therapeutic potential. Accumulation of toxic levels of methemoglobin is suppressed by reductase enzymes present within the erythrocyte. Using a novel method of measuring methemoglobin reductase activity in intact erythrocytes, we compared fetal and adult sheep and human blood. After nitrite-induced production of 20% methemoglobin, the blood was equilibrated with carbon monoxide, which effectively stopped further production. Methemoglobin disappearance was first order in nature with specific rate constants ( k × 1,000) of 12.9 ± 1.3 min−1for fetal sheep, 5.88 ± 0.26 min−1for adult sheep, 4.27 ± 0.34 for adult humans, and 3.30 ± 0.15 for newborn cord blood, all statistically different from one another. The effects of oxygen tensions, pH, hemolysis, and methylene blue are reported. Studies of temperature dependence indicated an activation energy of 8,620 ± 1,060 calories/mol (2.06 kJ/mol), appreciably higher than would be characteristic of processes limited by passive membrane diffusion. In conclusion, the novel methodology permits absolute quantification of the reduction of nitrite-induced methemoglobin in whole blood.
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TOMARU, Masahide, and Shinji OKAZAKI. "Anodic Polarization Properties of Intermetallic Compounds FeAl and FeAl(Cr) in HCl Solution." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 61, no. 7 (2010): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.61.541.
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Morgulis, R. A. "TO THE TREATMENT OF INCOMPLETE ABORTION." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 6, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd610921-930.
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Abortion is one of the most common sufferings of the female genital area. According to Hegar's statistics, there is 1 abortion for every 8-10 cases of normal birth. In the vast majority of cases, abortions are caused by various painful changes in the genital area. This includes mainly inflammatory forms of uterine diseases: metritis, endometritis; curvature of the uterus, rupture of the cervix, etc. All these diseases can be the direct cause of abortion, directly causing contraction of the uterus, or by preliminary disturbance of nutrition and death of the fetus, which in this case is a foreign body in the uterus and causes its contraction. Fetal death as one of the causes of abortion may depend on other, besides the above, local, as well as general diseases. Such are, for example, various forms of infection of the egg membranes, lues, high febrile state, strong degree of anomia, etc.
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Weidhaas, Jennifer, Sirisha Mantha, Elliott Hair, Bina Nayak, and Valerie J. Harwood. "Evidence for Extraintestinal Growth of Bacteroidales Originating from Poultry Litter." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (October 17, 2014): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02354-14.
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ABSTRACTWater quality monitoring techniques that target microorganisms in the orderBacteroidalesare potential alternatives to conventional methods for detection of fecal indicator bacteria.Bacteroidalesand members of the genusBacteroideshave been the focus of microbial source tracking (MST) investigations for discriminating sources of fecal pollution (e.g., human or cattle feces) in environmental waters. For accurate source apportionment to occur, one needs to understand both the abundance ofBacteroidesin host feces and the survival of these host-associated microbial markers after deposition in the environment. Studies were undertaken to evaluate the abundance, persistence, and potential for growth ofBacteroidalesoriginating from poultry litter under oxic and anoxic environmental conditions.Bacteroidalesabundance, as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with GenBac primers and probe, increased 2 to 5 log gene copies ml−1and 2 log gene copies g litter−1under most conditions during incubation of poultry litter in a variety of laboratory microcosm and field mesocosm studies. DNA sequencing of theBacteroidalesorganisms in the litter identified taxa with sequences corresponding exactly to the GenBac primer and probe sequences and that were closely related toBacteroides uniformis,B. ovatus, andB. vulgatus. These results suggest that MST studies using qPCR methods targetingBacteroidalesin watersheds that are affected by poultry litter should be interpreted cautiously. Growth ofBacteroidalesoriginating from poultry litter in environmental waters may occur whileBacteroidalesgrowth from other fecal sources declines, thus confounding the interpretation of MST results.
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Varel, Vincent H., and Daniel N. Miller. "Plant-Derived Oils Reduce Pathogens and Gaseous Emissions from Stored Cattle Waste." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1366-1370.2001.
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ABSTRACT Carvacrol and thymol in combination at 6.7 mM each completely inhibited the production of short-chain volatile fatty acids and lactate from cattle waste in anoxic flasks over 23 days. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 4.6 × 106 to 2.0 × 103 cells per ml 2 days after treatment and were nondetectable within 4 days. Total anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 8.4 × 1010 to 1.5 × 107 cells per ml after 2 days and continued to be suppressed to that level after 14 days. If the concentration of carvacrol or thymol were doubled (13.3 mM), either could be used to obtain the same inhibitory fermentation effect. We conclude that carvacrol or thymol may be useful as an antimicrobial chemical to control pathogens and odor in stored livestock waste.
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Fu, C. Y., X. Xie, J. J. Huang, T. Zhang, Q. Y. Wu, J. N. Chen, and H. Y. Hu. "Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.757.
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The concentrations and removal of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and microbial indicators, including somatic coliphages and fecal coliforms were investigated through the wastewater treatment processes at three municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of Cryptosporidium in untreated wastewater, primary treatment effluent, secondary treatment effluent, tertiary treatment effluent were 33–600, 67–333, 0–9 and 0–0.4 oocysts L−1, and that of Giardia were 130–3,600, 533–2,033, 0–32 and 0–2.1 cysts L−1, respectively. The reduction ratios of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by the primary treatment process were 0.12 log and 0.18 log, respectively. Oxidation ditch process had higher reduction efficiency to Cryptosporidium and Giardia than anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process and conventional activated sludge process, probably because of longer retention time and higher sludge concentration. Membrane ultrafiltration had a notably better efficiency to reduce microorganisms, especially Cryptosporidium and Giardia, than conventional flocculation sedimentation and sand filtration process, as the tertiary treatment. Comparing with total coliforms, fecal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria, concentration of somatic coliphages was correlated better with that of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in untreated wastewater and secondary treatment effluent.
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Abu-Orf, M. M., J. Brewster, J. Oleszkiewicz, R. S. Reimers, P. Lagasse, B. Amy, and D. Glindemann. "Production of class A biosolids with anoxic low dose alkaline treatment and odor management." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (May 1, 2004): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0626.
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The feasibility of full-scale anoxic disinfection of dewatered and digested sludge from Winnipeg, Manitoba with low lime doses and lagoon fly ash was investigated to determine if a class A product could be produced. Lime doses of 50 g, 100 g, and 200 g per kg of biosolids (dry) were used along with fly ash doses of 500 g, 1,000 g, and 1,500 g per kg of biosolids (dry). The mixed product was buried in eight-10 cubic metre trenches at the West End Water Pollution Control Center in Winnipeg. The trenches were backfilled with dirt and trapped to simulate anoxic conditions. Sampling cages were packed with the mixed product and pathogens non-indigenous to Winnipeg's biosolids. The cages were buried amongst the mixed biosolids in the trench. The non-indigenous pathogens spiked in the laboratory were the helminth Ascaris suum and the enteric virus reovirus. Samples were removed at days 12, 40, 69, 291, and 356 and were tested for the presence of fecal Coliform, Clostridium perfringens spores, Ascaris suum eggs, and reovirus. The pH, total solids, and free ammonia content of the mixed product were also determined for each sample. Odor was quantified for samples at both 291 and 356 days. Fecal Coliform bacteria and reovirus were completely inactivated for doses as low as 100 g lime per kg biosolids (dry) and 50 g lime + 500 g fly ash per kg biosolids (dry). Spores of the bacteria C. perfringens experienced a 4-log reduction when treated with 100 g lime per kg biosolids and a 5-log reduction when treated with doses as low as 50 g lime + 500 g fly ash per kg biosolids (dry) after 69 days. Ascaris eggs were completely inactivated in 5 gram packets for all treatments involving 100 g lime per kg biosolids (dry) after 69 days. Class A pathogen requirements were met for all treatments involving a lime dose of at least 100 g per kg biosolids. The odor potential from the produced biosolids is also assessed.
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Carbonne, Bruno, Amélie Nguyen, Evelyne Cynober, Vanina Castaigne, Anne Cortey, and Yves Brossard. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Anoxic Cerebral Lesions Caused by Profound Fetal Anemia Secondary to Maternal Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization." Obstetrics & Gynecology 112, no. 2, Part 2 (August 2008): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181656a11.
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Flygare, Johan, Violeta Rayon Estrada, Chanseok Shin, Sumeet Gupta, and Harvey Lodish. "Stress Erythropoiesis: HIF-1 Alpha Synergizes with Glucocorticoids to Induce BFU-E Progenitor Self-Renewal." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.814.814.
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Abstract Abstract 814 The goal of this study was to find small molecules that stimulate erythropoiesis at an earlier stage than erythropoietin (Epo). We therefore studied the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids (GCs) promote erythroblast formation during stress erythropoiesis (SE). Since the target cell of GCs in SE was not known we first established a FACS-based method to purify burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit of erythroid lineage (CFU-E) cells from mouse fetal liver. BFU-E and CFU-E cells were resolved by differences in CD71 or CD24a expression (BFU-E = CD71/CD24a10% low; CFU-E = CD71/CD24a20% high) from a population of cells positive for Kit, and negative for the cell surface markers Ter119, B220, Mac-1, CD3, Gr-1, Sca-1, FcGR, CD41 and CD34. Purified “BFU-E” cells formed 94% BFU-E colonies and “CFU-E” cells formed 95% CFU-E colonies at cloning efficiencies of 55–70%. Using pure CFU-E and BFU-E progenitors we demonstrated that while 100nM Dexamethasone (Dex) does not increase proliferation or self-renewal of CFU-E cells, Dex stimulates the earlier BFU-E progenitors to undergo limited self-renewal, which increases formation of CFU-E cells and erythroblasts >20-fold. After identifying BFU-E progenitors as the target cells of GCs during SE, we next determined how DEX changes miRNA and mRNA expression in BFU-Es by next generation sequencing. No miRNAs changed the level of expression more than 50%. Of the 10,000 most expressed mRNAs 83 were up-regulated and 112 mRNAs down-regulated more than 2-fold in response to Dex. Since previous studies show that dimerization (trans activation) of the GC receptor is necessary for GCs to induce erythroblast production, the most important GC target genes are likely up- rather than down-regulated. We hypothesized that other molecules that are able to enhance the expression of the 83 up-regulated genes could enhance or replace the stimulatory effect of Dex. We therefore computationally analyzed the promoter regions of the up-regulated genes using motif enrichment analysis. We found that Dex induces expression of genes in BFU-E cells that contain promoter regions highly enriched for hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF1a) binding sites (p-value = 1e–27). Analysis of six published gene expression datasets, where the effect of GCs on gene expression had been determined in cell types other than BFU-E cells, showed very low or no enrichment of HIF1a targets among genes up-regulated by Dex. We confirmed the suggested overlapping effects of HIF1a and GCs on gene expression in BFU-E cells by comparing the effect of Dex with that of pharmacological HIF1a activation by the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI) Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). As determined by next generation mRNA sequencing, DMOG increased expression of 98 genes more than 50%, of which 28 were among 109 genes up-regulated >50% by Dex (p-value for overlap = 1e–26). Importantly the overlap in effects on gene expression also resulted in overlapping biological effects. Similar to Dex, DMOG had little effect on CFU-E cells (Figure A). In contrast DMOG synergized with Dexamethasone to promote BFU-E self-renewal and prevent BFU-E cell exhaustion, enhancing the production of CFU-E cells 170-fold and maximum erythroblast production 300-fold (Figure B). DMOG thus enhanced the stimulatory effect of 100nM Dex on erythroblast production 7-fold. In similar experiments where BFU-E cells were cultured in GCs levels corresponding to physiological cortisol levels (1 nM Dex), DMOG enhanced erythroblast production 10-fold. We further showed that DMOG and Dex also synergistically enhance proliferation of adult mouse and human erythroid progenitors. Our results support a physiological model of SE where increased systemic levels of free cortisol, in combination with local anoxia, induce BFU-E self-renewal and increase erythroblast production. This suggests that the therapeutic potential for PHIs in treatment for anemia goes beyond replacing recombinant Epo. Here we show that in addition to enhancing Epo production from the kidneys, PHIs have an intrinsic stimulatory effect on BFU-E progenitors, leading to increased production of Epo-responsive CFU-E cells. Thus PHIs provide a new window for treating Epo-resistant anemia. The synergistic effect of GCs and PHIs further suggests that PHIs may enhance or replace the effect of Prednisone in the treatment of Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and other bone marrow failure syndromes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hudson, Spencer B., Marianne W. Robertson, and Travis E. Wilcoxen. "Fecal Glucocorticoid Response to Periodic Social Stress in Male Green Anoles, Anolis carolinensis." Copeia 107, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/cp-19-192.
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Belin, Sophie, and Fabien Kenig. "Relationships between depositional conditions and microtextures in the organic-rich Lower Oxford Clay sediments (U.K.)." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005840.
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Six representative samples of the Lower Oxford Clay (LOC) and the Middle Oxford Clay (MOC) sediments have been assessed for total organic carbon (TOC from 1.2 to 14.2%), hydrogen indices (HI from 813 to 130), and carbon isotopic values (δ13C from −23.1 to −27.7±) (Kenig et al., this symposium), and have been extensively studied using petrographic techniques. The use of the scanning electron microscope and particularly the backscattered electron mode was emphasized as it is the most suitable tool to study the relationships between organic matter and minerals at a micrometric scale.The bulk mineralogy appears similar in all samples studied. The argillaceous matrix is predominantly composed of illite and kaolinite with detrital mineral grains of quartz, feldspar, mica (biotite and muscovite) and calcitic bioclasts (e.g. coccoliths). Diagenetic features consist mainly of dissolution of quartz grains, rim epigenization of quartz grains to kaolinite, and the presence of pyrite. The concentration of pyrite increases with the concentration of organic matter. Both framboidal and euhedral forms of pyrite are present Euhedral pyrite crystals are more abundant in organic-rich samples, indicative of the more reducing conditions occurring in the organic-rich sediments. In organic-rich samples, coccoliths are concentrated in well preserved fecal pellets, suggesting a relatively high sedimentation rate. Preservation of coccospheres indicates a low energy environment of deposition and mild diagenesis. Unusually well-preserved biotite crystals may be indicative of the proximity of sediment sources and of the weakness of diagenetic processes.In organic-rich samples, organic matter is encountered as elongated “patches” 20 to 50 μm in length and composed of several particles of marine phytoplanktonic origin; and as thin isolated particles closely associated with clays. These thin particles are both of marine phytoplanktonic and of terrestrial origin (woody debris, vegetal tissues and rare palynomorphs). In organic-poor samples, the frequency and the size (5 to 20 μm) of the patchy composite particles of phytoplanktonic organic matter decrease. Palynological studies indicated that 80% to 95% of the organic matter is amorphous and probably of marine origin. However, the proportion of structured organic matter, woody debris and vegetal tissues, increases from 5% to 20% as the TOC decreases.None of the samples studied exhibited laminations at a sub-millimetric scale. However, the organic “patches” in the organic-rich samples lie parallel to the plane of stratification even if there is no obvious stratification of the mineral matrix. Clay minerals show a random and disorganized distribution that may be indicative of microbioturbation, even in the most organic-rich samples.Organic and mineral microtextures are controlled by the environment of deposition and the diagenetic history of the sediments and are related to geochemical parameters as HI, δ13C and TOC. Microbioturbation would indicate that the water column was never anoxic. In contrast, euhedral pyrites crystals suggest anoxia in the organic-rich sediments. The decrease in size of organic “patches” with decrease in TOC, as well as the variable distribution of coccoliths, may be indicative of changes in primary productivity and sedimentation rate.
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Ji, Zheng, Xiaochang C. Wang, Limei Xu, Chongmiao Zhang, Cheng Rong, Andri Taruna Rachmadi, Mohan Amarasiri, Satoshi Okabe, Naoyuki Funamizu, and Daisuke Sano. "Fecal Source Tracking in A Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation System Using Multiple Waterborne Gastroenteritis Viruses." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040170.
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Gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater reclamation systems can pose a major threat to public health. In this study, multiple gastroenteritis viruses were detected from wastewater to estimate the viral contamination sources in a wastewater treatment and reclamation system installed in a suburb of Xi’an city, China. Reverse transcription plus nested or semi-nested PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, were used for detection and genotyping of noroviruses and rotaviruses. As a result, 91.7% (22/24) of raw sewage samples, 70.8% (17/24) of the wastewater samples treated by anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process and 62.5% (15/24) of lake water samples were positive for at least one of target gastroenteritis viruses while all samples collected from membrane bioreactor effluent after free chlorine disinfection were negative. Sequence analyses of the PCR products revealed that epidemiologically minor strains of norovirus GI (GI/14) and GII (GII/13) were frequently detected in the system. Considering virus concentration in the disinfected MBR effluent which is used as the source of lake water is below the detection limit, these results indicate that artificial lake may be contaminated from sources other than the wastewater reclamation system, which may include aerosols, and there is a possible norovirus infection risk by exposure through reclaimed water usage and by onshore winds transporting aerosols containing norovirus.
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Bujoczek, G., R. S. Reiners, and J. A. Glaszkiewicz. "Abiotic factors affecting inactivation of pathogens in sludge." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0586.
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Pathogen inactivation tests on anaerobically digested and dewatered sludge consisted of long-term incubation/storage of a mixture of sludge solids and lime at various doses in closed containers at several temperature levels. The containers simulated anoxic conditions that would exist in a landfill or a sludge monofill. After rapid initial increase of pH, and due to containment of the sludge, the alkaline conditions prevailed during the remainder of the storage. This led to inactivation of pathogen indicators at doses much below those traditionally recommended for alkaline disinfection and production of biosolids, i.e. properly treated sludge. Fecal coliform and Salmonella bacteria were inactivated to the US EPA's class A levels at quicklime doses as low as 20 g CaO/kg TS or about 6 g CaO/kg of wet solids. The pH 12 lasted for the entire storage time in containers with lime doses at or above 120 g/kg TS, regardless of the incubation temperature. Such high pH allowed elimination of the spores of pathogenic Cl. perfringens bacteria from the solute.
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Siqueira, Adriana, Mirna Januária Leal Godinho, Hedda Elisabeth Kolm, and Eunice da Costa Machado. "Evaluation of the water quality of tidal creeks of Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000200028.
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The aim of this wat was to evaluate the water quality in four tidal creeks of Paraná, Brazil, with different anthropic influences. Samples were collected every three months. Temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity, total CO2, dissolved O2, nitrite, nitrate, N-ammoniacal, phosphate, silicate, particulate suspended matter, humic matter, total chlorophyll, total and fecal coliform bacteria of surface water were measured in each sample and compared. For all the stations water temperature was lower in winter, but ranged within typically subtropical values. Salinity (7 - 25) and pH (7.08 - 7.91) were higher in Perequê tidal creek indicating that only this tidal creek was strongly influenced by the nearby ocean waters. Lower dissolved O2, reaching anoxic levels along with higher phosphate and N-ammoniacal concentrations and higher total (<200 - 160,000 MPN 100 ml-1) and thermotolerant coliforms (<200 - 50,000 MPN 100 ml-1) in Olho d´Água suggested euthrophication, especially in summer when rainfall was higher and tourism was at its peak. Perequê, Penedo and Barranco Creeks were characterized as meso- and oligotrophic environments.
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Whitman, Richard L., Dawn A. Shively, Heather Pawlik, Meredith B. Nevers, and Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli. "Occurrence of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in Nearshore Water and Beach Sand of Lake Michigan." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4714-4719.2003.
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ABSTRACT Each summer, the nuisance green alga Cladophora (mostly Cladophora glomerata) amasses along Lake Michigan beaches, creating nearshore anoxia and unsightly, malodorous mats that can attract problem animals and detract from visitor enjoyment. Traditionally, elevated counts of Escherichia coli are presumed to indicate the presence of sewage, mostly derived from nearby point sources. The relationship between fecal indicator bacteria and Cladophora remains essentially unstudied. This investigation describes the local and regional density of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Cladophora mats along beaches in the four states (Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan) bordering Lake Michigan. Samples of Cladophora strands collected from 10 beaches (n = 41) were assayed for concentrations of E. coli and enterococci during the summer of 2002. Both E. coli and enterococci were ubiquitous (up to 97% occurrence), with overall log mean densities (± standard errors) of 5.3 (± 4.8) and 4.8 (± 4.5) per g (dry weight). E. coli and enterococci were strongly correlated in southern Lake Michigan beaches (P < 0.001, R 2 = 0.73, n = 17) but not in northern beaches (P = 0.892, n = 16). Both E. coli and enterococci survived for over 6 months in sun-dried Cladophora mats stored at 4°C; the residual bacteria in the dried alga readily grew upon rehydration. These findings suggest that Cladophora amassing along the beaches of Lake Michigan may be an important environmental source of indicator bacteria and call into question the reliability of E. coli and enterococci as indicators of water quality for freshwater recreational beaches.
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Jones, Patricia L., Timothy J. Divoll, M. May Dixon, Dineilys Aparicio, Gregg Cohen, Ulrich G. Mueller, Michael J. Ryan, and Rachel A. Page. "Sensory ecology of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, from DNA metabarcoding and behavior." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 6 (October 21, 2020): 1420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa100.
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Abstract Metabarcoding of prey DNA from fecal samples can be used to design behavioral experiments to study the foraging behavior and sensory ecology of predators. The frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, eavesdrops on the mating calls of its anuran prey. We captured wild T. cirrhosus and identified prey remains in the bats’ fecal samples using DNA metabarcoding of two gene regions (CO1 and 16S). Bats were preying on frogs previously unknown in their diet, such as species in the genus Pristimantis, which occurred in 29% of T. cirrhosus samples. Twenty-three percent of samples also contained DNA of Anolis lizards. We additionally report apparently rare predation events on hummingbirds and heterospecific bats. We used results from metabarcoding to design acoustic and 3D model stimuli to present to bats in behavioral experiments. We show predatory responses by T. cirrhosus to the calls of the frog Pristimantis taeniatus and to the rustling sounds of anoles moving through leaf-litter, as well as attacks on a stuffed hummingbird and a plastic anole model. The combination of species-specific dietary information from metabarcoding analyses with behavioral responses to prey cues provides a unique window into the foraging ecology of predators that are difficult to observe in the wild.
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Bouznif, Sourour, and Mahmoud Bali. "Coupling of the coagulation/flocculation and the anodic oxidation processes for the treatment of textile wastewater." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.166.
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Abstract The increased demand for textile products leads to an increase in the quantity of wastewater discharged. It becomes indeed one of the most critical health and environmental problems in the world. The main challenge, therefore, is to develop innovative techniques for treating this wastewater with low production costs and better efficiency. The major objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the coupling of the coagulation–flocculation and the anodic oxidation processes on the platinum electrode in the removal of organic, mineral, and microbial pollution contained in textile effluents. A series of experiments is carried out on samples prepared in the laboratory, in which the textile effluent was mixed with a secondary effluent from an urban wastewater treatment plant. The treatment consists of two steps: a coagulation–flocculation process using aluminum salts as a coagulant and an anodic oxidation on the platinum electrode using photovoltaic panels for the production of electric current. The treatment at optimized conditions reveals that the coupling of the two processes made it possible to achieve satisfactory results. The abatement rates were 95.97% for the turbidity, 90% for COD, 100% for BOD, 100% for , 53.6% for , and 100% for . The coupling of the two processes ensured the complete elimination of fecal germs. Thanks to the satisfactory results, the obtained permeate can be reused in the dyeing process in the textile industry.
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Taguer, Mariia, Ophélie Quillier, and Corinne F. Maurice. "Effects of oxygen exposure on relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity in the human gut microbiota." PeerJ 9 (February 3, 2021): e10602. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10602.
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While the diversity of the human gut microbiota is becoming increasingly well characterized, bacterial physiology is still a critical missing link in understanding how the gut microbiota may be implicated in disease. The current best practice for studying bacterial physiology involves the immediate storage of fecal samples in an anaerobic chamber. This reliance on immediate access to anaerobic chambers greatly limits the scope of sample populations that can be studied. Here, we assess the effects of short-term oxygen exposure on gut bacterial physiology and diversity. We use relative nucleic acid content and membrane integrity as markers of bacterial physiology, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to measure bacterial diversity. Samples were stored for up to 6 h in either ambient conditions or in anoxic environments created with gas packs or in an anaerobic chamber. Our data indicate that AnaeroGen sachets preserve bacterial membrane integrity and nucleic acid content over the course of 6 h similar to storage in an anaerobic chamber. Short-term oxygen exposure increases bacterial membrane permeability, without exceeding inter-individual differences. As oxygen exposure remains an important experimental consideration for bacterial metabolism, our data suggest that AnaeroGen sachets are a valid alternative limiting loss of membrane integrity for short-term storage of samples from harder-to-access populations.
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Shin, Yong Cheol, Woojung Shin, Domin Koh, Alexander Wu, Yoko M. Ambrosini, Soyoun Min, S. Gail Eckhardt, et al. "Three-Dimensional Regeneration of Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoid Epithelium in a Physiodynamic Mucosal Interface-on-a-Chip." Micromachines 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070663.
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The regeneration of the mucosal interface of the human intestine is critical in the host–gut microbiome crosstalk associated with gastrointestinal diseases. The biopsy-derived intestinal organoids provide genetic information of patients with physiological cytodifferentiation. However, the enclosed lumen and static culture condition substantially limit the utility of patient-derived organoids for microbiome-associated disease modeling. Here, we report a patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) physiodynamic mucosal interface-on-a-chip (PMI Chip) that provides a microphysiological intestinal milieu under defined biomechanics. The real-time imaging and computational simulation of the PMI Chip verified the recapitulation of non-linear luminal and microvascular flow that simulates the hydrodynamics in a living human gut. The multiaxial deformations in a convoluted microchannel not only induced dynamic cell strains but also enhanced particle mixing in the lumen microchannel. Under this physiodynamic condition, an organoid-derived epithelium obtained from the patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or colorectal cancer independently formed 3D epithelial layers with disease-specific differentiations. Moreover, co-culture with the human fecal microbiome in an anoxic–oxic interface resulted in the formation of stochastic microcolonies without a loss of epithelial barrier function. We envision that the patient-specific PMI Chip that conveys genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors of individual patients will potentially demonstrate the pathophysiological dynamics and complex host–microbiome crosstalk to target a patient-specific disease modeling.
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van der Maarel, Marc J. E. C., Rebekka R. E. Artz, René Haanstra, and Larry J. Forney. "Association of Marine Archaea with the Digestive Tracts of Two Marine Fish Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 2894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.2894-2898.1998.
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ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that archaea which were always thought to live under strict anoxic or extreme environmental conditions are also present in cold, oxygenated seawater, soils, the digestive tract of a holothurian deep-sea-deposit feeder, and a marine sponge. In this study, we show, by using PCR-mediated screening in other marine eukaryotes, that marine archaea are also present in the digestive tracts of flounder and grey mullet, two fish species common in the North Sea, in fecal samples of flounder, and in suspended particulate matter of the North Sea water column. No marine archaea could be detected in the digestive tracts of mussels or the fecal pellets of a copepod species. The archaeal 16S ribosomal DNA clone libraries of feces of flounder and the contents of the digestive tracts of grey mullet and flounder were dominated by group II marine archaea. The marine archaeal clones derived from flounder and grey mullet digestive tracts and feces formed a distinct cluster within the group II marine archaea, with 76.7 to 89.8% similarity to previously described group II clones. Fingerprinting of the archaeal community of flounder digestive tract contents and feces by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of archaeal 16S rRNA genes after restriction withHhaI showed a dominant fragment at 249 bp, which is likely to be derived from group II marine archaea. Clones of marine archaea that were closely related to the fish-associated marine archaea clones were obtained from suspended particulate matter of the water column at two stations in the North Sea. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of the archaeal community present in suspended particulate matter showed the same fragment pattern as was found for the archaeal community of the flounder digestive tract contents and feces. These data demonstrate that marine archaea are present in the digestive tracts and feces of very common marine fish. It is possible that the marine archaea associated with the digestive tracts of marine fish are liberated into the water column through the feces and subsequently contribute to the marine archaeal community of suspended particulate matter.
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Indest, Karl J., Steven J. Everman, James H. Lindsay, Carina M. Jung, Jared C. Smith, and Sandra B. Newell. "Effects of acute exposures of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and inorganic lead on the fecal microbiome of the green anole (Anolis carolinensis)." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): e0208281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208281.
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Prado-Irwin, Sofia R., Martijn van de Schoot, and Anthony J. Geneva. "Detection and phylogenetic analysis of adenoviruses occurring in a single anole species." PeerJ 6 (August 29, 2018): e5521. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5521.
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Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect a wide range of hosts, and they have undergone recent and ancient host transfers multiple times. In reptiles, AdVs have been found in many captive individuals, and have been implicated in morbidity and mortality in several species. Yet the pathogenicity, transmission, phylogenetic distribution, and source of AdVs in the environment are still unknown. We therefore chose to opportunistically sample deceased captive Anolis sagrei individuals that were collected from different populations in the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, as well as fecal samples from one island population, to explore the disease dynamics and diversity of adenovirus infecting A. sagrei populations. We found that adenovirus infection was present in our captive colony at low prevalence (26%), and was likely not the primary cause of observed morbidity and mortality. Among the 10 individuals (out of 38 sampled) which tested positive for adenovirus, we identified four adenovirus clades, several of which are distantly related, despite the close relationships of the A. sagrei host populations. These results suggest that while adenovirus may not be highly prevalent in the wild, it is present at low levels across much of the range of A. sagrei. It may undergo frequent host switching across both deep and shallow host divergences.
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Stępniowski, Wojciech J., Jinsub Choi, Hyeonseok Yoo, Marta Michalska-Domańska, Paulina Chilimoniuk, and Tomasz Czujko. "Quantitative fast Fourier transform based arrangement analysis of porous anodic oxide formed by self-organized anodization of FeAl intermetallic alloy." Materials Letters 164 (February 2016): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.10.168.
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Seidel, Darren S., Travis R. Whitney, John W. Walker, and Todd Callaway. "PSIX-32 Alterations in caprine ruminal microorganism fermentation over time using camphor in vitro." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.795.
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Abstract Abstract: Encroaching plant species in West Texas continue to significantly reduce livestock production capacity and cause an imbalance between plant and livestock ecology. Juniperus ashei and J. pinchotii are encroaching species, mainly due to evolutionary measures, such as phytochemicals that deter herbivory. These plants contain large percentages of monoterpenes in their essential oil profiles. Since 2005, two divergent bloodlines of meat goats have been selected to consume low or high (LJC or HJC) amounts of juniper foliage, through the use of screening fecal samples with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Through the breeding process, it became unclear whether the HJC goats expressed a physiological ability to consume a greater amount of juniper or if there was a ruminal microorganism advantage in which the microbes where less susceptible to the juniper phytochemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ruminal fermentation byproduct impact of 0.00 and 1.97 mM of camphor at 0, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hr of incubation at 39°C. Five LJC and five HJC goats were fed a juniper-free diet and five LJC and five HJC goats were fed a diet containing 30% fresh J. ashei leaves for 21 days prior to ruminal fluid collection. In vitro fermentations used LJC and HJC ruminal fluid inoculate (33% v/v) in anoxic media in sealed Balch tubes. Across all treatment groups, 1.97 mM of camphor increased propionate and decreased A:P (P < .05) at each incubation time point without negatively impacting pH (6.56 ± 0.09). Results suggested that there is no consistent difference in LJC and HJC microbial fermentation byproducts from the addition of 1.97 mM of camphor; however, the results suggest that camphor could increase propionate production and create more gluconeogenic potential.