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Academic literature on the topic 'Fertilizers – Application'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

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Kai, Takamitsu, and Dinesh Adhikari. "Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Apple Nutrient Content and Orchard Soil Condition." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040340.

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Apple cultivation in Japan typically involves the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which can damage the environment. Therefore, in this study we investigated the orchard soil biochemical characteristics as well as the fruit nutrient contents, and pesticide residues of apples grown either organically (organic fertilizers + reduced pesticides) or with conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticide rates. Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the organic fertilizer treatment produced fruit with significantly higher contents of sugar, as well as soil with higher total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. There were also significantly greater soil bacterial biomass and N circulation in the organically fertilized treatments. Minimal pesticide residues were detected in the organically fertilized fruits, but in the apples cultivated with conventional rates of fertilizers and pesticides there were significantly higher levels of propargite that was used to control spider mites. These residue levels from the conventionally fertilized orchards exceeded European and Codex residue standards. These results indicate that environmentally friendly arboricultural soil management practices, such as organic fertilizer and reduced pesticide cultivation can enhance nutrient cycling in soil, reduce the burden on the environment, and promote food safety and security.
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R.Z. Margate, J.N. Maravilla, R.M. Ebuna, and M.N. Eroy. "RESPONSE OF COCONUT AND COFFEE TO FERTILIZERS APPLIED ON EITHER OR BOTH CROPS IN AN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM." CORD 10, no. 02 (December 1, 1994): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v10i02.282.

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A study to assess the effects of fertilizer application on either coconut or coffee or both, in an intercropping system was conducted from 1985 to 1991. at the Davao Research Center, Mindanao, Philippines. The coconuts were planted at 8 m x 8 m square system. Fertilizer application on coconut intercropped with either fertilized or unfertilized coffee increased copra yield significantly. A very slight increase in copra per nut was noted on un‑fertilized coconut even with fertilized coffee inter­crop indicating coconut did not benefit from the fertilizers applied on coffee. Bean yield of fertilized coffee was increased significantly by 202 percent under fertilized or unfertilized coconuts. But yield of unfertilized coffee did not increase even under fertilized coconut. There is a need to apply fertilizers separately to both crops. Economic analysis revealed that fertilizer application to both coconut and coffee gave the highest net return, followed by fertilizer application on coffee alone.
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Pacumbaba, R. P., G. F. Brown, and R. O. Pacumbaba. "Effect of Fertilizers and Rates of Application on Incidence of Soybean Diseases in Northern Alabama." Plant Disease 81, no. 12 (December 1997): 1459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.12.1459.

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Field incidence of soybean stem canker (SSC), Phytophthora root rot (PRR), bacterial blight of soybean (BBS), soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) females on soybean cultivar Bragg were compared under complete (20-20-20), ammonium nitrate (34-0-0), superphosphate (0-46-0), and muriate of potash (0-0-60) fertilizers, and rate regimes with unfertilized controls on Decatur silty clay loam (Rhodic paleudult) in northern Alabama. Plants fertilized with muriate of potash had higher incidence of PRR and SMV. Plants fertilized with complete fertilizer had the lowest incidence of PRR and SMV, and the highest yield. Both complete and superphosphate fertilizers lowered the incidence of SMV at application rates from 0 to 100 kg/ha, then increased up to 200 kg/ha. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer had no effect on incidence of SMV. The incidence of BBS and the number of SCN females were not affected by either type of fertilizers or rate of application. Application rates of any of the four fertilizers reduced incidence of SSC. It is recommended to use only complete fertilizer to increase yield and reduce field incidence of PRR, SMV, and SSC.
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HU, CHENG, SHUANG-LAI LI, YAN QIAO, DONG-HAI LIU, and YUN-FENG CHEN. "EFFECTS OF 30 YEARS REPEATED FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, MICROBES AND CROP YIELDS IN RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 3 (November 18, 2014): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000350.

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SUMMARYLong-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experiment was designed with the following eight treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment: Control; (2) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment: N; (3) inorganic nitrogen plus inorganic phosphorus fertilizer treatment: NP; (4) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus plus inorganic potassium fertilizer treatment: NPK; (5) pig dung compost (manure) treatment: M; (6) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plus manure: NM; (7) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPM and (8) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, inorganic potassium fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPKM. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil organic C concentrations compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. Soil organic C contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in balanced application of NPK fertilizers in comparison to unbalanced application of fertilizers. After 30 years of experiment, soil organic C and total N sequestration rate averagely were 0.48 t ha−1 year−1 and 28.3 kg ha−1 year−1 in the fertilized treatments respectively; nevertheless, it were 0.27 t ha−1 year−1 and 9.7 kg ha−1 year−1 in the unfertilized treatment. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. The balanced application of NPK fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with unbalanced application of fertilizers. The average grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment than in inorganic fertilizer alone and unfertilized control. Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer and balanced application of NPK fertilizers could increase soil organic C and total N sequestration, culturable microbial counts and crop grain yields.
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Aslani, Maryam, and Mohammad Kazem Souri. "Growth and Quality of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Foliar Application of Organic-Chelate Fertilizers." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0015.

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Abstract Organic-based chelate fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient uptake and use efficiency of plants. In the present study, foliar applications of three organic-chelate fertilizers on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were compared to soil application of a mix chemical fertilizer (NPK) under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were foliar application (six sprays at 0.2% concentration) of Biomin, Humifolin, DelfonPlus, a mixture of micro and macronutrients, soil application of chemical fertilizer (NPK 0.5 g.kg-1 soil), and no fertilizer control. Foliar applications of organic-chelate fertilizers improved plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, leaf N and K concentration, pod number and pod yield compared to control plants. Pod soluble solids, vitamin C and total protein contents were significantly increased by foliar application of organic-chelate fertilizers. Soil applied NPK also improved green bean productivity compared to no fertilizer control. For most plant growth traits, there was no significant difference among the three organic-chelates. Foliar application of the macro- micro- nutrient mixture was not able to enhance the same growth, yield and pod quality traits like organic-chelates. Therefore, application of nutrient elements in form of organic-chelate and particularly by foliar application can guarantee better green bean plant performance.
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Kuzin, Andrei, Alexei Solovchenko, Ludmila Stepantsova, and Grigory Pugachev. "Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203020.

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Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.
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Sirbu, Carmen, Traian Cioroianu, Nicoleta Marin, and Bogdan Rujoi. "Liquid Fertilizers with Organic Substances - Agrochemical Effects Obtained by Application." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6350.

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The fertilization methods and technologies rapid development using extra-radicular fertilizers and liquid fertilizers with or without organic substances is due to both their controlled application possibilities depending on the vegetation phases, crop, agrochemical background, and nutrition deficiencies and efficiency increase of the indices regarding the fertilization costs -economical results The best agricultural practices application, compatible with the new climatic conditions, can actively contribute to environment preservation and protection at the same time with crops constancy and production capability securement. Fertilizers application with solid or liquid humic substances ensures all the needed compounds and minerals for creating and maintaining a fertile soil. At the same time their efficiency depends on multiple factors that include temperature, humidity, previous agricultural practices, soil physical and chemical characteristics, pesticides or other polluting products residues, microbial population present in the soil and the activity it develops. The humic compounds mediate pesticides and toxins degradation and contaminated soils biological reparation rests on humus help in microbial degradation. The paper presents the results obtained by radicular application of two experimental NPK type fertilizers with humic substances at the sunflower crop in vegetation pots. The fertilizers have been physically and chemically characterized and agrochemically tested as compared to an unfertilized control and two fertilized controls with a complex 15.15.15 NPK fertilizer in 120 and 180 kg/ha doses. The experimental fertilizers were applied in portions upon crops sowing and during vegetation in three 200, 300, respectively 400 liters fertilizer/ha and ensured significant gains as compared to the controls.The extracted humic substances and the fertilizers were physically and chemically characterized as well as through differential thermal gravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectrometry. The vegetal material and the sunflower seeds were analyzed regarding the nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese contents.
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Šimon, T., and A. Czakó. "Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 7 (July 2, 2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/264/2014-pse.

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This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization.
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Susilowati, Lolita Endang, and Bambang Hari Kusumo. "Sosialisasi Pemupukan Berimbang Spesifik Lokasi Untuk Tanaman Jagung Di Kabupaten Dompu." Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v1i3.21.

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Farmers' understanding of how to fertilize efficiently and effectively is not yet fully mastered. Most farmers often fertilize crops beyond the recommended dosage. This community service aims to (1) increase farmers' understanding and knowledge of the quality of fertilizers and balanced fertilization technology to achieve the use of fertilizers that are relatively efficient, (2) disseminating balanced fertilization technology with the correct rules. This activity was started with an explanation of fertilizer and balanced fertilization technology, then continued with a balanced fertilization demonstration in Mumbu Village, Woja Subdistrict Dompu District in the planting season of MK 1 in 2018. As the target partner was the Bina Baru Farmer group, Mumbu Village, Woja Subdistrict, Dompu District and as a working partner is a local agricultural extension agent (PPL). The community service team acts as a facilitator, while the local PPL is tasked with assisting the farmers' demonstration activities. This community service activity uses a participatory approach starting from the beginning to the end of the activity in making decisions. The results of community service activities show as follows (1) there is an increase in farmers' understanding of the quality of fertilizers and determination of fertilizer application based on fertilizer quality in applying the site-specific balanced fertilization concept and (2) mastering the application of balanced fertilizer application technology with the 5 T. rule. The application of proven balanced fertilization technology can increase yields from 9 tons per ha (how to fertilize farmers) to 12 tons per ha
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Lubell, Jessica D., Kris J. Barker, and George C. Elliott. "Comparison of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers for Sedum Green Roof Maintenance." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.31.4.227.

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Fertility is an important aspect of green roof maintenance. Aesthetic quality and growth of two sedum species (Sedum album and Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’) treated with synthetic granular fertilizer [Green View 10N-4.4P-8.3K (10-10-10)] and two organic fertilizers [Coast of Maine 4N-0.9P-1.7K (4-2-2) and Nature Safe 8N-2.2P-4.5K (8-5-5)] at 10 g N·m−2 applied as a single spring application or a split application (spring and summer) and a controlled-release fertilizer [Nutricote 14N-6.1P-11.6K (14-14-14)] at the same rate and a no fertilizer control were evaluated. The best aesthetic quality and growth was for the single application synthetic granular fertilizer, followed by the split application of synthetic granular fertilizer. Also, single applications were better than split application for the organic fertilizers, indicating that sedums use nutrients the most in spring. The organic fertilizers performed poorly because they failed to provide utilizable nutrients in adequate quantities. A low level of microbial activity in green roof media, may have contributed to the minimal amount of utilizable nutrients released by the organic fertilizers. Plants treated with controlled-release fertilizer performed similarly to the control, however, the following spring they had the best aesthetic quality, indicating the prills contained some residual nutrients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

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Zhang, Feng 1962. "Effects of N formulation, application rate, and application time on corn yield and quality in eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61039.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N formulation, application rate, and application time on corn yield and quality under Eastern Canadian conditions, to evaluate the hypothesis that application of N will increase corn grain yield and protein concentration without decreasing the total energy content. Three N formulations, each with the rates of 90, or 180 kg ha$ sp{-1}$ were applied at different times. The results indicated that the grain yield increased with increasing N fertilizer rate and with increasing numbers of N application times. N application significantly increased grain protein concentration, on both a per kernel and a dry matter basis, and protein yield. Such as, N application increased the averaged protein concentration, on a dry matter basis, of corn grain by about 8.40% as compared to the control. The protein concentration was not affected by the number of N application times before the plants were 90 cm high. Neither lipid nor non-structural carbohydrate concentration, on both a per kernel and a dry matter basis, were significantly affected by N application in most of the location-years. In addition Near infrared reflectance (NIR) was used to determine the lipid concentration in the aerial corn tissue at different growth stages. The correlation coefficients between the standard analytical method and the NIR method of lipid concentration were all above 0.95, and were significant at 0.01 level.
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Ahmed, Sabah Kedar. "Yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake of drip irrigated cotton." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191143.

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The study consisted of two experiments conducted over two growing seasons. Urea ammonium nitrate was used as a source of N at rates of 50, 75, 100 and 150% of levels estimated to be ideal for maximum yield of cotton (Gossvpium hirsutum L.). The nitrogen fertilizer was applied through a drip irrigation system. The yield of seed cotton, flowering pattern, boll set, plant N uptake, and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N fertilizer rates and two plant populations in the 1984 study. Yield of seed cotton, plant N uptake and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N rates, three seeding rates, and three cotton cultivars in the 1985 study. Petiole nitrate patterns were studied both seasons. The effect of N applications on seed cotton yield was dependent upon the initial soil N and the yield possibility. In this study the lower rate of N appeared to be sufficient for the yields obtained. Thinning resulted in reduction of the total number of flowers and significantly decreased yield, but percent boll set was not affected. Nitrogen additions significantly increased plant N uptake and dry matter production as well as petiole NO₃-N levels during the growing season. The N need of cotton under drip irrigation was determined throughout the growing season by using petiole analysis. The levels of petiole NO₃-N for N sufficiency and deficiency which are accepted under furrow irrigation cotton were shown to be applicable for drip irrigated cotton. Yield of DPL-775 and DPL-90 cotton cultivars was significantly higher than that for DPL-41 cotton cultivar in 1985.
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Mohamed, Abdellatif Abdellatif 1956. "Response of cotton to N and water applied via a trickle irrigation system : growth, yield, and nutrient uptake." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191128.

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The crop growth rate (CGR); the relative growth rate (RGR); seed yield; plant uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Na; and the water use efficiency (WUE) were studied in relation to N fertilizer and water application rate interactions in trickle-irrigated cotton. Increasing water application rate significantly increased CGR, but no significant differences were detected among the RGR values at the various water levels. Nitrogen fertilizer additions significantly increased the CGR. Nitrogen and water applications significantly increased seed yield, however, the effect of the interaction between N and water was not significant. Water levels had a positive significant effect on the cotton reproductive growth. Increased N and water significantly increased total N-uptake by cotton plants. Nitrogen additions significantly increased N% of leaves, burrs and seed. However, N% of stem was significantly reduced with high N applications. Total uptake of P, K, Ca, and Mg significantly increased with the increased application of N and water. Addition of 1.2 consumptive use (Cu) irrigation rate significantly increased P% in cotton stems, however, K% in stem was reduced. The irrigation rate of 0.9 CU and 1.2 CU significantly increased Mg% in both leaves and stems. Nitrogen application rates of 224 and 336 kg N/ha significantly decreased Mg% in leaves and stems. Increasing the irrigation rate from 0.9 CU to 1.2(1.3) CU reduced the WUE by cotton plants. However, WUE appeared to increase as N fertilizer increased up to 33 kg N/ha with water level of 0.9 CU.
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Feland, Calli. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Application Timing on Hard Red Spring Wheat Productivity and Grain Protein." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29209.

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The balance of improving hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell) yield while maintaining grain protein concentration continues to be a challenge in agriculture. The objective of the field research was to evaluate N fertilizer types, additives, rates, and application timing to find N management strategies that improved the efficiency of the applied N with regards to both grain protein and yield. Another aspect of this study was to determine if ground-based active sensor data can predict grain yield and/or protein content. Fertilizer treatments consisted of 2 application timings, 3 sources of N, 3 rates of N, and 2 additive types. Spring applications improved grain protein and yield compared to fall applications. Polymer coated urea shows promise in improving grain protein over urea alone. However, profitability is dependent on environmental factors that may influence N availability, as well as prices at the time that the grain is marketed.
Minnesota Wheat and Promotion Council
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Woldetsadik, Kebede. "Shallot (Allium cepa var. ascolonicum) responses to plant nutrients and soil moisture in a sub-humid tropical climate /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a367.pdf.

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Mezainis, Valdis Edgars 1947. "Nitrogen fertilizer and water application rate interactions in trickle irrigated cotton." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191097.

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The yield, fruiting habits, plant nitrogen uptake, dry matter production, and boll and fiber properties were studied in relation to nitrogen fertilizer and water application rate interactions in trickle-irrigated cotton. Nitrogen applications did not significantly increase yields because of high initial soil nitrogen and nitrogen added with the irrigation water. Significant yield differences did exist between the 60% consumption use (CU) irrigation level and the 90% and 120% CU irrigation levels. The 60% CU level resulted in appreciable plant water stress and appreciably lower yields. Nitrogen additions significantly increased seasonal plant petiole NO₃-N values as well as the number of flowers produced during the growing season. Increased water application rate lengthened the periods of peak flowering and peak boll production but had no effect on petiole NO₃-N. Increased water application rate did not significantly increase boll production, but an increasing trend of increased boll production with increasing water application rates was evident. Nitrogen applications did not significantly increase boll production, but percent boll set for the control treatment was higher. Both nitrogen additions and increased water application rates increased plant nitrogen uptake, which ranged from 163 kg N/ha to 242 kg N/ha for the water levels and 188 kg N/ha to 220 kg N/ha for the nitrogen treatments. Increased water application rates significantly increased dry matter production during the growing season. Nitrogen and water application rates affected only a few boll and fiber properties. Average boll size was increased significantly with increasing water application rates. This partially accounted for the higher yield observed at the higher irrigation levels.
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Campbell, Allan J. "Design and evaluation of liquid swine manure injectors for potato nutrient placement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/NQ50124.pdf.

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Shiflett, Melinda Cole. "Criteria signaling reapplication of controlled-release fertilizer for maximum growth of Ilex crenata Thunb. 'Helleri'." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040325/.

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Schoeman, Stephanus P. (Stephanus Philippus). "Physiological measurements of daily daylight fertigated citrus trees." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53000.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Daily daylight fertigation regimes (involvinq drip fertigation, on a daily basis, during the daylight hours) are becoming widely used in the South African citrus industry in the endeavor to enhance tree productivity. Such regimes could provide sensitive nutrient and moisture management, reducing plant stress in general as well as the response time to root-directed cultural activities. There is a need to evaluate the efficacy of daily daylight fertigation systems relative to conventional irrigation systems. Standard horticultural evaluation of orchard management practices is very time consuming. We opted for physiological studies comparing plant stress levels, in an attempt to quantify plant performance under each system. Citrus trees under daily daylight fertigation and conventional micro-jet and drip-irrigated regimes were monitored to establish plant stress levels as indicated by sap flow, xylem water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Plants under a daily daylight fertigation regime are believed to have good soil water conditions in their rooting volume, and therefore experience negligible baseline levels of stress. The trees do, however, experience midday depression in stomatal conductance, to a lesser degree, but not unlike trees under conventional regimes. It appears as if a larger rooting volume of microjet irrigation regimes enhances recovery from the midday depression. It is recommended that producers optimise productivity during the moming hours, by early irrigation, so that plants can function optimally, whilst environmental conditions are most favourable for high physiological activity. We also assessed the effect of withholding water from trees adapted to a daily daylight fertigation regime to evaluate the risk involved with short-term water deficits in trees adapted to this regime, as well as the usefulness of physiological techniques for identifying water stress. Stomatal conductance and xylem water potential indicated water stress sooner than the other physiological parameters. Citrus trees seem to be relatively insensitive to water deficit stress as measured by sap flow and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Sap flow is buffered by tree capacitance, and although mediated via stomatal conductance, atmospheric conditions and not the soil water content primarily determine it. As daily fertigation is applied to trees under DOF regimes, they exhibit more optimal levels of xylem water potential and stomatal conductance, compared to trees from which water is withheld. Although alleviating it to a degree, daily irrigation did not mitigate the midday depression in these values. Seen over a season, even small enhancements of stomatal conductance (and with it photosynthesis and possibly, growth) and xylem water potential, could incrementally produce higher yields.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die strewe na verhoogde boomproduktiwiteit, word daaglikse sproeibemesting (deur 'n drupbesproeiingsstelsel toegedien tydens die dagligure) al meer algemeen in die Suid Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf gebruik. Hierdie praktyk verminder algemene plantstres deur baie spesifieke voedingsen vogbeheer, en verkort ook die plant se reaksietyd op wortelgerigte bewerkingsaktiwiteite. Dit is nodig om die relatiewe voordeel van daaglikse sproeibemesting teenoor konvensionele besproeiingssisteme te evalueer. Huidige tuinboukundige evaluering van boord-bestuurspraktyke is baie tydrowend. In 'n poging om plantreaksie onder verskillende praktyke te beskryf, het ons besluit om die plantstresvlakke met fisiologiese metodes te vergelyk. Sitrusbome onder daaglikse sproeibemesting, en konvensionele mikro- en drupbesproeiing, is onderskeidelik gemonitor om die plant se stresvlakke vas te stel, soos aangedui deur sapvloei, xileem-waterpotensiaal, stomatale geleiding en chlorofil a f1uoresensie. Die plante onder daaglikse sproeibemesting ondervind lae viakkke van waterstremming, waarskynlik weens hoë grondvogtigheid in die wortelsone. Die bome ondervind wel, soos dié onder konvensionele besproeiing, middagdepressie in stomatale geleiding, hoewel tot 'n mindere mate. Dit blyk asof die groter wortelvolume van mikrospuit besproeide bome die herstel na middagdepressie bespoedig. Produsente word aangeraai om die oggendure optimaal te gebruik deur vroeg te besproei sodat plantproduktiwiteit hoog is terwyl die omgewingsfaktore op hul gunstigste is en wanneer die hoogste fisiologiese aktiwiteit voorkom. Ons het ook die effek van wateronthouding gemeet op die bome wat aangepas is vir daaglikse sproeibemesting. Sodoende is die risiko verbonde aan 'n korttermyn watertekort op hierdie bome ge-evalueer, asook die bruikbaarheid van fisiologiese tegnieke om waterstremming in sitrus te identifiseer. Stomatale geleiding en xileem-waterpotensiaal het waterstremming vroëer aangedui as die ander fisiologiese parameters. Sitrusbome blyk redelik onsensitief te wees teenoor droogtestremming soos gemeet deur sapvloei en chlorofil a fluoresensie. Sapvloei word gebuffer deur boom-kapasitansie, en alhoewel sapvloei gereguleer word deur stomatale geleiding, is dit die atmosferiese toestande (hoofsaaklik dampdruk verskil) wat dit primêr beïnvloed, en nie die grond-water inhoud nie. Omdat bome daagliks sproeibemes word, het hulle meer optimale vlakke van xileemwaterpotensiaal en stomatale geleiding in vergelyking met bome waarvan water weerhou is. Alhoewel daaglikse sproeibemesting die middagdepressie verlaag het, is dit nie daardeur opgelos nie. Oor die typerk van 'n seisoen kan selfs minimale verhogings in stomatale geleiding (en daarmeesaam fotosintese en moontlik groei) en xileem-waterpotensiaal, hoër opbrengste tot gevolg hê.
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Rose, Terry. "Deep-placed phosphate fertiliser improves phosphorus uptake and seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in a Mediterranean-type climate." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0237.

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In Mediterranean-type climates, topsoil frequently dries out during spring. Problems associated with reduced nutrient (P, K) availability in dry topsoil may be overcome by placing fertilisers deeper in the soil, where the soil is more likely to remain moist for longer periods as opposed to conventional fertiliser placement. Deep-P placement has resulted in significant yield improvements for lupin crops in Mediterranean environments because lupin crops generally require soil P supply during spring (throughout the flowering stage); in contrast, wheat yields have seldom improved with deep P placement, presumably because plants have accumulated sufficient P prior to spring (grain filling stage) for maximum grain yields. The P and K accumulation patterns of canola had not been investigated, and therefore any potential yield benefits of deep placed fertilisers were unknown. This study aimed to define the P and K demands of canola throughout the growing season, and assess the viability of deep placement of fertiliser in matching soil P and K supply to crop demand. The study further investigated the impact of deep placement of P fertiliser on root growth and distribution throughout the soil profile. Initial glasshouse studies compared the P and K accumulation patterns of several canola cultivars with wheat, and found that the P and K demand of canola continued until later into the season than wheat, but there was little difference in the P and K accumulation patterns of the various canola cultivars. Further experiments in sand culture determined that regardless of the level of K supply, canola plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering. Under high P supply, canola plants had accumulated enough P for maximum seed yields by early flowering, but when P supply during vegetative growth was just adequate, plants required a continual P supply until mid silique-filling to attain maximum yields. Because plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering (therefore topsoil drying in spring was unlikely to affect yields), further field experiments examined only deep placement of P fertiliser to improve P uptake and yields.
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Books on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

1

Zoltán, Csizmazia. Röpítőtárcsás műtrágyaszóró szerkezet fejlesztése. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1986.

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Simpson, G. Scott. Estimating fertilizer application costs. Muscle Shoals, Ala: Marketing and Distribution Economics Section, National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985.

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Cogger, Craig George. Worksheet for calculating biosolids application rates in agriculture. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 1999.

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Kaplan, I. Kachestvo vnesenii︠a︡ udobreniĭ / I. Kaplan: Quality of fertilizer application / Joseph Kaplan. Minneapolis, SShA: [publisher not identified], 2008.

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Simpson, G. Scott. Key factors in purchasing fertilizer application equipment. Muscle Shoals, Ala: Economics and Marketing Research Branch, Marketing and Distribution Economics Section, National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1985.

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Bertrand, R. A. Manure management guidelines. Victoria, B.C: Publications Office, B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 1985.

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The British survey of fertiliser practice: Fertiliser use on farm crops for crop year 2006. [Place of publication not identified]: BSFP Authority, 2007.

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Wells, Carol G. When and where to apply fertilizer. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Wells, Carol G. When and where to use fertilizer. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1985.

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Tewari, Kaushal. A new technology of deep placement of slow release nitrogen fertilizers for promotion of soybean growth and seed yield. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

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Häni, H., A. Siegenthaler, and T. Candinas. "Soil effects due to sewage sludge application in agriculture." In Fertilizers and Environment, 267–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_45.

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Setatou, H. B., and A. D. Simonis. "Effect of time and rate of nitrogen application on cotton." In Fertilizers and Environment, 121–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_22.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Application of Manures and Fertilizers." In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 175–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_12.

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Dosch, P., and R. Gutser. "Reducing N losses (NH3, N2O, N2) and immobilization from slurry through optimized application techniques." In Fertilizers and Environment, 283–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_47.

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Soliman, Soliman M., and Mohemed A. S. Abdel Monem. "Effect of method of N-application and modified urea on N-15 recovery by rice." In Fertilizers and Environment, 211–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_34.

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Chien, S. H., and R. G. Menon. "Dilution effect of plant biomass on plant cadmium concentration as induced by application of phosphate fertilizers." In Fertilizers and Environment, 437–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_74.

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Gimeno-García, E., V. Andreu, and R. Boluda. "Incidence of heavy metals in the application of inorganic fertilizers to rice farming soils (Valencia, Spain)." In Fertilizers and Environment, 491–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_85.

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Diez, J. A., R. Caballero, A. Bustos, R. Roman, M. C. Cartagena, and A. Vallejo. "Control of nitrate pollution by application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF), compost and an optimized irrigation system." In Fertilizers and Environment, 363–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_62.

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Gyôri, Z., L. Ruzsányi, L. Jászberényi, I. Vágó, and J. Loch. "The effect of N and P application on the Mn, Cu and Zn content of the winter wheat." In Fertilizers and Environment, 499–502. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_87.

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Simonne, Eric H., Aparna Gazula, Monica Ozores-Hampton, Jim DeValerio, and Robert C. Hochmuth. "Localized Application of Fertilizers in Vegetable Crop Production." In Advances in Research on Fertilization Management of Vegetable Crops, 149–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53626-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

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NIEMIEC, Marcin, Monika TABAK, Łukasz PALUCH, and Monika KOMOROWSKA. "ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZERS IN INTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF NAPA CABBAGE DEPENDING ON APPLICATION METHOD." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.079.

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The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-release fertilizers in cultivation of napa cabbage in the integrated production system. The objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on soil with granulometric composition of light loam. The dose of fertilizer was the first experimental factor, and the fertilizer application was the second factor. The slow-acting fertilizer was applied under each plant during planting of seedlings and in the second variant. The fertilizer was applied in the row, about 5 cm under the seedling root level. On the basis of the results obtained in the experiments, the indices showing nitrogen fertilization efficiency were calculated Fertilization significantly modified the quantity of obtained yield. In the control, without mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 23.32 Mg · ha-1. The largest yield was 52.27 Mg · ha-1. Larger yields and more advantageous productive and environmental efficiency were obtained in objects with row application of fertilizer. The most advantageous agronomic efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency were obtained in the combination of 400 kg · ha-1 of slow-acting fertilizer with traditional supplementary PK fertilizers in the case of point application of fertilizers. In the case of row fertilizer application, it is possible to use 50% more of the fertilizer dose without compromising the quality of the crop. Higher doses of free-acting fertilizers increased the standard deviation of the mass of cabbage, which is not desirable for production. The results show that under conditions of low mineral content in the soil, the slow-acting fertilizers can be used at a low level.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-50-58.

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On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.
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Đukic, Vojin, Jegor Miladinovic, Zlatica Miladinov Mamlic, Gordana Dozet, Marija Bajagic, Marijana Jovanovic Todorovic, and Vojin Cvijanovic. "PRINOS SOJE U ZAVISNOSTI OD VREMENA PRIMENE NPK ĐUBRIVA." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujeva, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.043dj.

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Soybean yield depends on the variety, soil, cultural practices, as well as the weather conditions in certain years. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of NPK fertilizer application in the autumn and spring period on the level of soybean yield. The highest soybean yields were achieved by applying NPK fertilizer in autumn, before the basic tillage with spring application of nitrogen fertilizer AN. Spring application of NPK fertilizers and AN increases the yield, but the effect of fertilizers is significantly less compared to autumn application. The application of nitrogen fertilizer AN increases the soybean yield, and in order for this fertilizer to show its full effect, it is necessary for the soil to be optimally provided with macroelements.
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Cvijanovic, Gorica, Eltreki Abduladim, Nenad Đuric, Vojin Đukic, Gordana Dozet, Zlatica Miladinov Mamlic, and Asija Abduladim. "UTICAJ PRIMENE NPK ĐUBRIVA I EFEKTIVNIH MIKROORGANIZAMA NA MASU I VISINU BILJAKA SOJE." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujeva, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.061c.

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NPK fertilizer and effective micro-organisms have a strong influence on morphological characteristics of soybean plants. In this paper, the influence of NPK fertilizers and effective microorganisms on the weight and height of soybean plants is analyzed. The highest values of the analyzed properties were achieved in the variant with the application of NPK fertilizers in combination with effective organisms, while the individual influence of NPK fertilizers and effective microorganisms was less pronounced.
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Minchenko, Zh N. "Agrotechnological aspects of soybean cultivation with application of microelement fertilizers." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-106.

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research has shown that seed treatment together with double treatment of soybean crops with complex microelement fertilizers of the Microfid brand is an effective method for increasing the yield and improving the quality of soybean grain in the black Earth soils of the Kursk region. The highest efficiency and best economic indicators were provided by the use of complex microelement fertilizer Microfid Boron. Seed treatment (1.5 l / t) and double treatment of crops (1.5 l/ha) in phases 2 and 6 Tr. it increased the yield of soybeans by 0.40 t / ha, in the amount of 10,000 rubles / g, the value of conditional net income was 9011 rubles / ha.
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Teberdiev, Dalhat, Anna Rodionova, and Sergey Zapivalov. "HERBAGE COMPOSITION WITH REGULAR APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-19-23.

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The role of the level of intensification on the composition of the herbage in the long-term research of the Institute is determined. Based on the analysis of the results of long-term use of herbage on sod-podzolic soils under different conditions of the nutritional regime, the regularity of the formation of various types of herbage is established. In the absence of top-dressing and when using low doses of fertilizers, pasture-type herbage is formed with the predominance of grass-roots types of grasses. Highly productive grass of the haymaking type is preserved against the background of the use of a complex of fertilizers with a nitrogen dose of more than 90 kg/ha.
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KRUPIČKA, Josef, Petr ŠAŘEC, and Petr NOVÁK. "GRANULOMETRIC STUDY OF NPK 20-8-8 AND DOLOPHOS FERTILIZERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.010.

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Physical properties of commercial fertilizers play important role from precision application point of view. Granulometric evaluation is usually performed by sieve separation according ČSN 01 5030 standard. The main subject of this work is the presentation of separation results when vertical airflow is used with NPK 20-8-8 and Dolophos fertilizers. The sample was divided into 8 individual specimens of 0.5 kg weight that was measured repeatedly. Every class of the specimen was than sieved on the sieves with holes 2 mm, 3.5 mm, and 5 mm resulting four new subclasses characterized by the sieve mesh dimension. It was achieved by statistical evaluation that relative frequencies are in agreement with N-distribution. It is clear from achieved values that in NPK 20-8-8 fertilizer samples there are 92.25 % of particles with dimension from 3.15 to 5 mm and 7.0 % with dimension from 2 to 3.15 mm. In fertilizer Dolophos there are 50.87 % of particles with dimension from 3.15 to 5 mm and 47.54% with dimension from 2 to 3.15 mm.
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DROMANTIENĖ, Rūta, Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ, and Gvidas ŠIDLAUSKAS. "EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC INDICATORS AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.028.

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Experiments involving a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Širvinta 1’ were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University during the period 2006–2009 in limnoglacional silty loam on morainne clay loam Cal(ca)ri-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter crops were grown on the background of N150P90K90 mineral fertilization and were additionally foliar-fertilized with amide nitrogen fertilizer, containing different concentrations of amino acids (0.5 %–3.0 %), at a winter wheat booting, heading and milk maturity stages. Experimental evidence showed that solutions with different amino acids concentrations applied for winter wheat fertilization at booting, heading and milk maturity stages increased plant photosynthetic indicators. Chlorophyll a to b ratio in winter wheat leaves significantly increased having applied 0.5–2.5 % amino acids solutions at booting and at milk maturity stages. Plants fertilized with amino acids solutions at booting stage had a possibility to form larger assimilating leaf area. Winter wheat grain yield significantly increased (0.27–0.4 t ha-1) under the effect of amino acids. The highest yield increases were obtained having applied amino acids at booting and heading growth stages. The statistical data analysis (xextr.) evidenced that the highest yield and its quality would be attained with foliar feeding of winter wheat with amino acids fertilizers: at booting stage with 2.4 %, at heading stage with 1.47 %, and milk maturity stage with 1.39 % amino acids solution.
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DAUTARTĖ, Anželika, Vidmantas SPRUOGIS, Romualdas ZEMECKIS, Edmundas BARTKEVIČIUS, and Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF BIOORGANIC PREPARATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CONVENTIONALY GROWN WINTER RAPE ACTIVATING AND SAVING THE USE OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.051.

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The aim was to determine the impact of Raskila bio-organic preparation on the productivity of winter rape ‘Sunday’ grown under conventional system, in order to activate and save the use of treatment Rovral aqua flo and to improve the wintering of plants. The scientific article presents the data of the conventional winter rape ‘Sunday’ growth intensity, plant formation, accumulation of dry matter, seed quality parameters, fertility data and the influence of the use of bioorganic fertilizers e. winter rape 'Sunday' seeds were coated with bioorganic preparations and synthetic treatments, and additionally sprayed with a bioorganic fertilizer solution. Agrotechnics was carried out according to the technology of winter rape growing at Aleksandras Stulginskis University Experimental station. Additional treatment of winter rape seeds and additional spraying with bioorganic fertilizers had a positive influence on the processes of growth and development of winter rape. By combining seed treatments and treatment with bio-organic Raskila fertilizers (3 l for 100 kg) and spray in autumn (3 l ha-1 ), the best results are achieved: the maximum rape seed yield was 3.87 t ha-1 and the best quality production. Bioorganic fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo has significantly increased the following indicators of winter rape ‘Sunday’: the length of the plant (118.16-127.64 cm), the number of branches (6-10), seeds in the silique (28.27), the seed yield (3.16-3.87 t ha-1). The highest seed yield (3.87 l ha-1) was achieved, applying Nagro preparations in the autumn and the Rovral aqua flo treatment and spraying Raskila plants when the rape reaches a height of 5-7 cm (BBCH 10-19). Premium yield was 86.6 % compared to control. Raskila fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo significantly increased the following parameters of winter rape seeds: content of fat (41.52-43.05 %), proteins (20.39-20.91%), glucosinolates decreased from 18.68 to 18.31 m mol g-1. This has improved seed quality. Treatment with Raskila and treatment Rovral aqua flo decreased seeds and seedlings infestation and morbidity due to Fusarium, Drechlera, Alternaria, Penicillium. Rates of treatment can be reduced if combined with bioorganic fertilizers. Application of bioorganic fertilizers and treatment in combination increases the effectiveness of treatment. Bio-organic fertilizer reduces plant stress caused by synthetic treatment.
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Shuliko, N. N. "ENZYME ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE OF SPRING BARLEY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-274-278.

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The article presents the results of studies of the effect of the fertilizer application on the enzyme activity of the barley rhizosphere in the conditions of the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia. The activity of the catalase enzyme decreased under the application of the studied factors up to 15 %, in comparison to the control. Under the influence of mineral fertilizers, there was a tendency for the increase of urease activity up to 17 %, in comparison to the control. The changes in soil invertase activity under the influence of the studied factors were within the experimental error.
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Reports on the topic "Fertilizers – Application"

1

Dolgopolova, N. V. INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT WILD RESISTANCE DEPENDING ON METHODS OF CONNECTION AND TERMS OF APPLICATION. ФГБОУ ВО Курская ГСХА, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/issn1997-0749.2018-01-05.

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Timofeev, E. V., A. F. Erk, V. N. Sudachenko, and A. N. Efimova. The use of digital technology in the classification of information on the work of technical means in the processing and application of organic fertilizers. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2019-17074.

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Maguire, Rory, Mark Alley, and Webb Flowers. Fertilizer Types and Calculating Application Rates. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/424-035.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1003.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1862.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2336.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2612.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1508.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1517.

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Sawyer, John E., and Daniel W. Barker. Sulfur Fertilizer Application to Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1518.

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