Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fertility – Spain

Academic literature on the topic 'Fertility – Spain'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

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Bledsoe, Caroline H., René Houle, and Papa Sow. "High fertility Gambians in low fertility Spain." Demographic Research 16 (May 3, 2007): 375–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2007.16.12.

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Carioli, Alessandra, Joaquin Recaño Valverde, and Daniel Devolder. "The changing geographies of fertility in Spain (1981-2018)." Investigaciones Regionales - Journal of Regional Research 50 (July 7, 2021): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.21.015.

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The objective of this article is to investigate the variation of fertility across Spain’s geographic areas between 1981 and 2018, to highlight spatial change over three decades of major fertility transformations. During the last decades, Spanish fertility decreased considerably to below replacement levels. Although total fertility remains below replacement level in Spain, there are important differences in subnational trends that seem to concentrate around certain areas. Starting from the assumption that there is fertility diversity across the country, which persists over time and such variation is not random but rather spatially driven, we aim to describe the divergence from national trends and analyse the dynamics of spatial patterns of fertility over time with spatial analysis tools. Using from Spanish municipality data, we use 910 territorial units that ensure spatial contiguity and construct yearly fertility indicators derived from census and register data, encompassing fertility by age, birth order, and age at childbirth. We investigate the spatial patterns of fertility and their changes over time, by means of spatial and correlogram analysis, exploring the effects of neighborhood definitions. Results confirm the presence of spatial autocorrelation for all variables throughout the considered timeframe, both at global and local scale. The considered time frame depicts substantial changes in the distribution of low and high fertility clusters, reshaping the geographical distribution of fertility in Spain, with big metropolitan areas as leaders in high fertility, as childbearing is deeply impacted by labor market covariates. The fertility decline in Spain has driven total fertility to below replacement levels in a short period of time, shifting the classical North-South divide of low-high fertility into an East-West clustering, with economic centres such as cities becoming the new focal points of higher fertility. The descriptive and econometric spatial approaches adopted in this article, together with the detailed data available for this study, make it possible to appreciate the scale of fertility changes across the country, its heterogeneity across regions, and the evolution of fertility determinants over time.
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TAKENAKA, Katsuyuki. "Regional Differences in Fertility in Spain." Geographical Review of Japa,. Ser. A, Chirigaku Hyoron 70, no. 7 (1997): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj1984a.70.7_433.

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COOKE, LYNN PRINCE. "Gender Equity and Fertility in Italy and Spain." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002584.

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AbstractGender equity and its effects on fertility vary across socio-political contexts, particularly when comparing less with more developed economies. But do subtle differences in equity within more similar contexts matter as well? Here we compare Italy and Spain, two countries with low fertility levels and institutional reliance on kinship and family, but with employment equity among women during the 1990s slightly greater in Italy than Spain. The European Community Household Panel is used to explore the effect of this difference in gender equity on the likelihood of married couples having a second birth during this time period. Women's hours of employment reduce the birth likelihood in both countries, but non-maternal sources of care offset this effect to different degrees. In Spain, private childcare significantly increases birth likelihood, whereas in Italy, father's greater childcare share increases the likelihood, particularly among employed women. These results suggest that increases in women's employment equity increase not only the degree of equity within the home, but also the beneficial effects of equity on fertility. These equity effects help to offset the negative relationship historically found between female employment and fertility.
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Morales, Marina. "Intergenerational transmission of fertility outcomes in Spain." Manchester School 89, no. 4 (May 10, 2021): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12366.

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Kotzamanis, Byron. "Fertility of nationals and foreigners in Spain, Italy, and Greece during and after the economic recession and refugee crisis." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 77 (January 26, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19061.

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This article provides an overview of trends in fertility of foreign and national women in Greece, Spain, and Italy during the last decade and before the Covid pandemic. It focuses on the fertility of foreigners and compares this with that of ‘nationals’. The main analysis focuses on a period marked, firstly, by the economic recession and stagnation, and then by the recent wave of the ‘refugee crisis’. Foreigner fertility in the three south Mediterranean countries differs significantly from that of nationals, with the former having higher fertility rates and lower mean age at childbearing. However, although foreigners make a large contribution to births, their impact on period fertility (total fertility rate or TFR) is limited. At the same time, although the fertility of both groups decreased during the first years of the recession, foreigner TFRs fell faster in both absolute and relative terms in Italy and Greece. However, after 2014, the foreigner period fertility among the three countries differs as a relative stabilisation is observed in Spain and Italy, while indicators rise in Greece. This divergence is due to the various composition changes in the settled after-2014 foreigners in the three countries and the strong recovery of foreigner births in Greece (as fertility in Greece was much more affected by the recession).
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Carducci, Alicia. "European Fertility: An Examination of Shifting Fertility Trends in Italy, Spain, and Sweden." Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union 2017, no. 1 (September 2017): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/urceu.201701.05.

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Fernández-Ondoño, E., L. Rojo Serrano, M. N. Jiménez, F. B. Navarro, M. Díez, F. Martín, J. Fernández, F. J. Martínez, A. Roca, and J. Aguilar. "Afforestation improves soil fertility in south-eastern Spain." European Journal of Forest Research 129, no. 4 (March 25, 2010): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0376-1.

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Aisa, Rosa, Joaquín Andaluz, and Gemma Larramona. "Fertility patterns in the Roma population of Spain." Review of Economics of the Household 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-015-9289-6.

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Rafael Caro-Barrera, José, María de los Baños García-Moreno García, and Manuel Pérez-Priego. "Projecting Spanish fertility at regional level: A hierarchical Bayesian approach." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): e0275492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275492.

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The transition from a demographic regime of high mortality and high fertility to one with low mortality and low fertility is universal and comes along with the process of socio-economic modernization. The Spanish total fertility rate has decreased to below replacement levels in the last decades. The decline has persisted since the 1960s and is diverse across the country. Based on that diversity, the use of population forecasts, not only at national but at regional levels, for planning purposes (governments and private sector) with large horizons has become a must to provide essential services. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model we constructed probabilistic fertility forecasts for Spain at the regional level. Although this approach is already issued by the United Nations little research has been done focusing on the Spanish subnational level. Our objective is to disaggregate the national projections of the total fertility rate for Spain into regional forecasts. The results of this research will show the model fitting, first to the national level and then using a multifaceted and continuous evolution of fertility over time, at the regional level, to check its convergence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

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Ahmad, Farhan. "Male immigrants’ fertility in Spain." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64880.

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Declining fertility in developed countries along with rising number of immigrants and different fertility behavior exhibited by the immigrants make the immigrants’ fertility an interesting topic in field of demography. However most of the studies on immigrants’ fertility consider the female immigrants as their subject on the assumption that they represent the immigrants’ fertility. This study took another perspective and tries to study male immigrants’ fertility. Spanish Immigrants’ Survey 2007 was used to see how the different migration related factors affect the male immigrants’ fertility. Poisson regression was applied on a sample of 3797 childless males who are 16 or older. This study found tentative support to selection hypothesis but no clear support to adaptation hypothesis on male fertility behaviors. There exist differences in the fertility between male immigrants from different regions. Effect of education, number of parent’s siblings and mother language on male immigrants’ fertility was also analyzed.
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Beles, Kathryn Noel. "IN THE SPIN." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/898.

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In the Spin is a semi-autobiographical collection of poetry, dealing primarily with themes of family, marital infidelity, loyalty, the female body, and the tension between political vs. aesthetic existence. This is a collection of poems influenced by the work of French Feminism, Shakespeare and Faulkner, and hybrid lyric-narrative poets of the last fifty years.
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Stott, Karen Gai, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Characteristics of Australian edible fungi in the genus Lepista and investigation into factors affecting cultivation." THESIS_FST_SFH_Stott_K.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/495.

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This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Stott, Karen Gai. "Characteristics of Australian edible fungi in the genus Lepista and investigation into factors affecting cultivation." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/495.

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This thesis focuses on the edible fungus Lepista (Pied Bleu or Wood Blewit). Factors affecting its potential commercial cultivation were explored and a contribution to knowledge of the morphology and cultivation of Australian species of Lepista has been made. Australian collections of Lepista were made within a 200 km zone of Sydney. A study of the morphology and taxonomic species of these collections was undertaken. Intra- and inter-fertility crosses were completed with French L. nuda and L. sordida to determine genetic relationships and biological species. Suitable substrates for agar medium, spawn production and cultivation were explored. The response to temperature of French and Australian Lepista in vitro, and Australian Lepista under cultivation, using cold shock, was observed. The effect of modified atmosphere exchanges per hour, CO2 levels, and cold shock during the cultivation cycle and sporophore production were investigated. A genebank of Australian Lepista was established. Three species of Lepista were found in Australia : L. nuda, L. sordida and L. saeva. Two other groups of Lepista were identified. The use of A. bisporus compost appeared to be optimal for experimental and commercial applications. Australian isolates of Lepista tolerate higher temperatures than French isolates, and grew at double the rate of the French at all temperatures except 5 degrees centigrade. The length of the spawn run was reduced from 43-58 days to 12-16 days with introduced CO2 of 9,000-11,000 ppm, but an erratic cyclic pattern of net CO2 production occurred which could only be stabilised by increasing ventilation. This initial cyclic pattern appeared to inhibit subsequent sporophore formation.
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MARTIN, GARCIA Teresa. "Women's education and fertility in Spain : the impact of educational attainment and of educational choice on first, second and third births." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5280.

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Defence date: 5 December 2005
Examining board: Prof. Jaap Dronkers (EUI, Supervisor) ; Prof. Gösta Esping-Andersen (Pompeu Fabra University)(External Co-Supervisor) ; Prof. Martin Kohli (EUI) ; Prof. Massimo Livi Bacci (University of Florence)
First made available online 7 September 2016
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White, Amanda Lynn. "From sacrificio to egoísmo : generation '75 in urban Galicia and the Spanish fertility rate /." 2000.

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Batsiokis, Madeline. "Bovine in vitro embryo production (IVP): assessment of two new approaches to improve the efficiency of embryo production." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123985.

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Books on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

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Brañas-Garza, Pablo. Is fertility related to religiosity? Evidence from Spain. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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Adserà, Alícia. Marital fertility and religion: Recent changes in Spain. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Delgado, Margarita. Fertility and family surveys in countries of the ECE region: Standard country report, Spain. New York: United Nations, 1999.

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S, Roldan Eduardo R., and Gomendio M, eds. Spermatology: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Spermatology, held at El Escorial, Madrid, Spain, 17-22 September 2006. Nottingham, U.K: Nottingham University Press, 2007.

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Attiwill, PM, and MA Adams, eds. Nutrition of Eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105225.

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Most eucalypts grow naturally on soils low in fertility. Commercial plantations of eucalypts have been established around the world over a range of climates and soils. These two themes are central to this book. Nutrition of Eucalypts provides a comprehensive survey of nutritional ecology of eucalypts in their natural environment and in plantations. The authors, who are all at the forefront of research and development in their fields, are from the various eucalypt growing regions including Brazil, India, China, Spain and Australia. Their text aims at a state-of-the-art presentation. The book includes a key and descriptions for recognising nutrient deficiencies in eucalypts.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

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Ciganda, Daniel, and Francisco Villavicencio. "Feedback Mechanisms in the Postponement of Fertility in Spain." In Agent-Based Modelling in Population Studies, 405–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32283-4_14.

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Baizan, Pau. "The Policy Context of Fertility in Spain: Toward a Gender-Egalitarian Model?" In Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies, 195–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32997-0_8.

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Tietze, Sara L., and Richard Lincoln. "Reproductive Span and Rate of Reproduction Among Hutterite Women." In Fertility Regulation and the Public Health, 328–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4702-9_36.

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"Destination Spain: Negotiating Nationality and Fertility When Traveling for Eggs CHARLOTTE KROLøKKE." In Assisted Reproduction Across Borders, 79–89. New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561219-12.

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Douglass, Carrie B. "“We’re Fine at Home”: Young People, Family and Low Fertility in Spain." In Barren States, 183–206. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003084761-9.

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Daz-Maroto, I. J., P. Vila-Lameiro, O. Vizoso-Arribe, E. Alan, and M. C. Daz-Maroto. "Natural Forests of Oak in NW Spain: Soil Fertility and Main Edaphic Properties." In Soil Fertility Improvement and Integrated Nutrient Management - A Global Perspective. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/28522.

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Marcos, Elena, Sara Huerta, Víctor Fernández-García, Iván Prieto, Rayo Pinto, Gemma Ansola, Luis Saénz de Miera, and Leonor Calvo. "Mulching treatments favour the recovery of ecosystem multifunctionality after a large wildfire in Northwest Spain." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1234–39. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_187.

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Wildfires are a widespread phenomenon in forests across the Mediterranean Basin but have increased in severity and extent in recent decades. Post-fire treatments are measures that help recover burned vegetation and their functionality but to what extent they also help recover soil functionality is currently unknown. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of post-fire treatments on ecosystem multifunctionality after a large wildfire in the Cabrera mountain range in 2017 (NW Spain) where close to 10000 Ha of forest were burnt. At the end of 2017 and during 2018, the administration applied different post-fire treatments in high fire severity affected areas: i) straw mulching, ii) woody debris and iii) subsoiling and iv) mechanical hole afforestation. In each treatment, we established ten 2 x 2 m plots and ten adjacent untreated burned plots and collected a composite soil sample from each plot four years after the fire (2021). We calculated regulating services as the standardized mean of total soil organic C (climate regulation), soil water repellence (water regulation) and soil aggregation (soil protection). Supporting services were measured as the standardized mean of mineral N-NH4+ and N-NO3- and available P (soil fertility), β-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase (nutrient cycling) and microbial biomass (soil quality). Ecosystem multifunctionality was measured as the standardized mean of all functions measured. Application of straw mulch and woody debris increased regulating ecosystem services in relation to burned control plots. Afforestation with holes had not impact but subsoiling decreased regulating ecosystem services in relation to burned control plots. Post-fire treatments did not have any effect on supporting services. Straw mulch, Woody debris and afforestation with holes improved ecosystem multifunctionality when compared with subsoiling methods. These results show that post-fire stabilisation treatments, in particular straw mulching have a significant positive impact on regulating services and are effective measures in restoring the ecosystem multifunctionality, helping develop effective management based-decisions for the recovery of ecosystem services and functioning after large wildfires.
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Hogan, Dennis P. "Demographic Trends in Human Fertility, and Parenting Across the Life Span." In Parenting Across the Life Span, 315–50. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315126005-16.

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Calvo, Leonor, Sara Huerta, Víctor Fernández-García, José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga, Paula Monte, Reyes Tárrega, Luz Valbuena, et al. "The loss of ecosystem multifunctionality in Pinus pinaster forests as one of the main footprints of large wildfires." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1345–50. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_204.

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The main objective of this study was to analyse the effect of recurrence and burn severity on ecosystem multifunctionality in Pinus pinaster forests. We selected a large wildfire that occurred in the Sierra del Teleno in 2012 (NW Spain), where we differentiated two recurrences and two burn severity situations. As a result, four scenarios were identified: low recurrence plus low severity, low recurrence plus high severity, high recurrence plus low severity, high recurrence plus high severity. In each one, a number of 1 m x 1 m plots proportional to the burned area were established. Three years after the wildfire we evaluated in each plot: (1) percentage of covered soil, (2) total percentage cover of herbaceous species, (3) percentage cover of each woody species, (4) total plant species richness. Also, a composite soil sample was collected from each plot. Chemical (total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus) and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon) properties were analysed in each soil sample. The following variables were used as indicators of ecosystem functions: percentage of covered soil, total cover of herbaceous species, Pinus pinaster cover, total plant richness, total organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, available phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon. Another indicator of ecosystem functions was calculated: floral colours of shrub species diversity using the Shannon index. The values of each ecosystem function indicator were standardized. The indicators/functions of regulating ecosystem services were: Climate regulation (indicator: total % of organic soil carbon) and Erosion protection (indicator: covered soil %). The functions/ indicators of supporting ecosystem services were: soil fertility (indicator: total nitrogen and available phosphorous) and soil quality (indicator: microbial biomass C). The indicators/functions of cultural ecosystem services were: species diversity (indicator: plant species richness) and aesthetic value (indicator: the Shannon index of floral colours). The functions/indicators of provisioning ecosystem services were: grass for livestock (indicator: % cover of herbaceous species) and timber production (indicator: % cover of Pinus pinaster). The results indicated that all scenarios apart from low recurrence plus low severity negatively affected the multifunctionality of the ecosystems.
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Krafft, Caroline, Ragui Assaad, and Caitlyn Keo. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Egypt, 1988–2018." In The Egyptian Labor Market, 13–48. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847911.003.0002.

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This chapter investigates the character of labor supply and especially female labor force participation in Egypt and its evolution over the twenty-year span from 1988 to 2018 using various waves of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. The chapter pays particular attention to women’s labor force outcomes while examining trends in labor force participation, employment, and unemployment. The population and labor supply in Egypt are analyzed by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational attainment, and location. Demographic changes, including in age at marriage and fertility, are explored as important determinants of both labor supply and women’s participation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

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Ibanez, Blanca Gil, Aureli Torne, Antonio Gil-Moreno, Angel Martin, Gemma Mancebo, Pluvio Coronado, María Tiermes Marina Martín, Antoni Llueca, Alvaro Tejerizo, and Berta Diaz-Feijoo. "564 Outcome of fertility sparing surgery in cervical cancer, a national study in Spain: cefer study." In ESGO SoA 2020 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-esgo.89.

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Fernandez, Renae, Kristyn Willson, Vivienne Moore, and Michael Davies. "O23-2 Application of a shift work job-exposure matrix to investigate occupational differences in women’s accessing of fertility treatment and infertility diagnosis." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.119.

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Gil Ibanez, B., A. Torne, A. Gil-Moreno, A. Martin, G. Mancebo, P. Coronado, MT Marina Martín, A. Llueca, B. Diaz-Feijoo, and A. Tejerizo. "578 The impact of tumor size on oncological outcomes of fertility preservation surgery in early cervical cancer: a multi-centric study by Spain- GOG." In ESGO 2021 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2021-esgo.243.

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Pui-Yuk King, Alex, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Ethnographic Study of Living Alone Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002048.

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1. IntroductionA report by the United Nations has revealed the number of older adults in the world is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030, and this number is expected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2050. This development will place enormous pressure on current healthcare and social protection systems. If life expectancy continues to rise while fertility constantly declines over many years. the ageing of the population will continue to throughout the world. The gigantic numbers of elderly people will place significant pressure on current systems of social protection and global health care. By 2024, it is expected to have nearly 400,000 people over the age of 80 in Hong Kong —a 24.8% increase over the figure recorded in 2014. 2. Problem StatementLike in other Asian cities, the population of Hong Kong exhibits a continuous ageing trend.The change in the population structure will need an improved housing policy and health care system and infrastructure in order to tackle these resulting social problems. The more older adults are living in the city, the greater the numbers of people who are living with dementia. 3. Older Adults Living with Mild Cognitive ImpairmentDementia is characterised by the loss of mental abilities,and by further degeneration over time.This condition is not inevitable, as the hallmark symptoms of cognitive deterioration are not considered to be a normal part of ageing. It is a typical biomedical disease that might appear when the brain is affected by some specific diseases, such as a series of small strokes damage the brain and cause confusion, speech problems and progressive loss of memory and cognition. This gradual decline in cognitive functions causes people to need extra support for daily living. A person who is having slightly problems with planning, reasoning and also remembering may be classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4. Universal DesignUD (universal design) is classified as the practice of making things in ways that involve almost no extra cost, but offer attractive yet functional styles that are fulfilling all people, regardless of each individual’s ability or disability. UD addresses the complete span of functionality through making each element and space accessible to its deepest extent by careful planning at all different stages of a project. 5. Participant Observation An interpretive approach is adopted as a research paradigm for understanding the meanings that human beings attach to their experiences. For this study, a centre manager of the well-established Yan Oi Tong Elderly Community Centre recruited three older adults to participate for nine months. These people were living with MCI in a rural district. Prior to this study, these three elders engaged in a participative design workshop that was organised by the same researcher. The workshop had two sessions, and explored the participants’ latent needs concerning home decoration and product design for public housing.Observational visits were conducted with each participant every two weeks for a nine-month period. The participants are referred to as CH, CP and SK, and they were aged between 79 and 85 years old.6. DiscussionTheme 1: Fear of being alone.The participants described their experiences of facing loneliness. Although they felt that their memories were getting worse, they could still express how loneliness was one of the most difficult challenges that they had to face day-by-day. SK said that ‘I want to do my preferred activities,and don’t want to stay at home all the time!’ Theme 2: Recognition of incompetence.The older persons suffering from MCI believed that they were, to varying degrees, incompetent in dealing with day-to-day activities. As CP explained, ‘I have become useless and cannot remember things recently…’ Theme 3: Lack of neighbourhood spirit. For older people living alone in public housing, neighbours become the most reliable people after their families. Older participants reported that they commonly displaced their house keys due to their gradual memory loss. They had to make duplicate front door keys, and gave them to neighbours who they trusted.To deal with such problems, a product design or system could be pre-installed in housing facilities that would enable better communication or connection between neighbours, and allow older residents to become closer to others.7. ConclusionThis ethnographic study has investigated the latent, unfulfilled needs of older persons living with MCI. Building rapport with these older participants was an important step at the beginning of the study.This finding of “Fear of being alone”, “Lack of neighbourhood spirit”also revealed that regular visits by community centre staff and local social workers should be organised to provide older community members and stakeholders with more attention regarding their day-to-day activities and their relations to society as a whole in order to eliminate “Recognition of incompetence”.
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Reports on the topic "Fertility – Spain"

1

Coppola, Lucia, and Mariachiara Di Cesare. How fertility and union stability interact in shaping new family patterns in Italy and Spain. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2007-024.

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2

García-Gómez, Jesús, Silvia Loi, and Natalie Nitsche. Want but won’t: a research note on the gap between fertility desires and intentions in Spain. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2022-033.

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3

Kohler, Hans-Peter, and José A. Ortega. Tempo-adjusted period parity progression ratios: Assessing the implications of delayed childbearing for cohort fertility in Sweden, the Netherlands and Spain. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2001-035.

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4

Meidan, Rina, and Joy Pate. Roles of Endothelin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-A in Determining Responsiveness of the Bovine Corpus Luteum to Prostaglandin F2a. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695854.bard.

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Abstract:
The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that has a vital role in the regulation of the estrous cycle, fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. In the absence of appropriate support, such as occurs during maternal recognition of pregnancy, the CL will regress. Prostaglandin F2a (PGF) was first suggested as the physiological luteolysin in ruminants several decades ago. Yet, the cellular mechanisms by which PGF causes luteal regression remain poorly defined. In recent years it became evident that the process of luteal regression requires a close cooperation between steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, all resident cells of this gland. Changes in the population of these cells within the CL closely consort with the functional changes occurring during various stages of CL life span. The proposal aimed to gain a better understanding of the intra-ovarian regulation of luteolysis and focuses especially on the possible reasons causing the early CL (before day 5) to be refractory to the luteolytic actions of PGF. The specific aims of this proposal were to: determine if the refractoriness of the early CL to PGF is due to its inability to synthesize or respond to endothelin–1 (ET-1), determine the cellular localization of ET, PGF and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) receptors in early and mid luteal phases, determine the functional relationships among ET-1 and cytokines, and characterize the effects of PGF and ET-1 on prostaglandin production by luteal cell types. We found that in contrast to the mature CL, administration of PGF2a before day 5 of the bovine cycle failed to elevate ET-1, ETA receptors or to induce luteolysis. In fact, PGF₂ₐ prevented the upregulation of the ET-1 gene by ET-1 or TNFa in cultured luteal cells from day 4 CL. In addition, we reported that ECE-1 expression was elevated during the transitionof the CL from early to mid luteal phase and was accompanied by a significant rise in ET-1 peptide. This coincides with the time point at which the CL gains its responsiveness to PGF2a, suggesting that ability to synthesize ET-1 may be a prerequisite for luteolysis. We have shown that while ET-1 mRNA was exclusively localized to endothelial cells both in young and mature CL, ECE-1 was present in the endothelial cells and steroidogenic cells alike. We also found that the gene for TNF receptor I is only moderately affected by the cytokines tested, but that the gene for TNF receptor II is upregulated by ET-1 and PGF₂ₐ. However, these cytokines both increase expression of MCP-1, although TNFa is even more effective in this regard. In addition, we found that proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of PGF (PGT, PGDH, COX-2) change as the estrous cycle progresses, and could contribute to the refractoriness of young CL. The data obtained in this work illustrate ET-1 synthesis throughout the bovine cycle and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating luteal regression and unravel reasons causing the CL to be refractory to PGF2a.
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