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Journal articles on the topic 'Fertility, Human Immunological aspects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Nakatsuji, Norio, and Hirofumi Suemori. "Embryonic Stem Cell Lines of Nonhuman Primates." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.829.

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Human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have opened great potential and expectation for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Monkey and human ES cell lines, which are very similar to each other, have been established from monkey blastocysts and surplus human blastocysts from fertility clinics.Nonhuman primate ES cell lines provide important research tools for basic and applicative research. Firstly, they provide wider aspects of investigation of the regulative mechanisms of stem cells and cell differentiation among primate species. Secondly, their usage does not need clearance or permission from the regulative rules in many countries that are associated with the ethical aspects of human ES cells, although human and nonhuman embryos and fetuses are very similar to each other. Lastly and most importantly, they are indispensable for animal models of cell therapy to test effectiveness, safety, and immunological reaction of the allogenic transplantation in a setting similar to the treatment of human diseases.So far, ES cell lines have been established from rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), using blastocysts produced naturally or by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). These cell lines seem to have very similar characteristics. They express alkaline phosphatase activity and stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4 and, in most cases, SSEA-3. Their pluripotency was confirmed by the formation of embryoid bodies and differentiation into various cell types in culture and also by the formation of teratomas that contained many types of differentiated tissues including derivatives of three germ layers after transplantation into the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice.The noneffectiveness of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signal makes culture of primate and human ES cell lines prone to undergo spontaneous differentiation and thus it is difficult to maintain these stem cell colonies. Also, these ES cells are more susceptible to various stresses, causing difficulty with subculturing using enzymatic treatment and cloning from single cells. However, with various improvements in culture methods, it is now possible to maintain stable colonies of monkey ES cells using a serum-free medium and subculturing with trypsin treatment. Under such conditions, cynomolgus monkey ES cell lines can be maintained in an undifferentiated state with a normal karyotype and pluripotency even after prolonged periods of culture over 1 year. Such progress should facilitate many aspects of stem cell research using both nonhuman primate and human ES cell lines.

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2

Nowak-Kornicka, Judyta, Barbara Borkowska, and Bogusław Pawłowski. "Masculinity and immune system efficacy in men." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): e0243777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243777.

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Masculinity-related morphological traits are supposed to be honest indicators of a man's biological quality. While some studies showed that sexually dimorphic traits are related to various aspects of biological condition such as general health, immunity or fertility, still little is known about the relationship between masculine traits and the effectiveness of innate and adaptive immunity in humans. The aim of this study was to see if masculine traits, which are dependent on androgen levels in foetal and pubertal stages of development, are related to the immune quality in healthy men. The immune quality was evaluated for 91 healthy men aged 19–36 years. Immunity measurements included innate and adaptive parameters. General health status, age, testosterone level, BMI, physical activity, and smoking were controlled. The shoulder-to-hip ratio (SHR), 2D:4D digit ratio and hand-grip strength (HGS) were used as markers of masculinization. The regressions showed that when controlling for confounds, masculinity-related traits were in general not related to innate and adaptive immunity. Only a weak association was observed for right 2D:4D ratio and T-lymphocyte counts (but it becomes non-significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Our results do not support the premise that masculinity is a cue for immunological quality in men. However, the positive association between right 2D:4D and T lymphocytes might suggest that further studies are needed to verify if androgen stimulation in prenatal development might be related to immunity in adulthood.

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3

Alagawany, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ezzat Abd El-Hack, Mayada Ragab Farag, Marappan Gopi, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Yashpal Singh Malik, and Kuldeep Dhama. "Rosmarinic acid: modes of action, medicinal values and health benefits." Animal Health Research Reviews 18, no. 2 (November 7, 2017): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252317000081.

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AbstractThe supplementation of livestock rations with herbs containing bioactive components, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), have shown promising results as a natural feed additive in promoting growth, productive and reproductive performance, feed utilization, fertility, anti-oxidant status and immunologic indices. Furthermore, RA reportedly reduces the risks of various animal diseases and mitigates side effects of chemical and synthetic drugs. RA is a natural polyphenol present in several Lamiaceae herbs like Perilla frutescens, and RA is becoming an integral component of animal nutrition as it counters the effect of reactive oxygen species induced in the body as a consequence of different kinds of stressors. Studies have further ascertained the capability of RA to work as an anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and renal-protectant agent, as well as to have beneficial effects during skin afflictions. Additionally, RA is favored in meat industries due to enhancing the quality of meat products by reportedly improving shelf-life and imparting desirable flavor. This review describes the beneficial applications and recent findings with RA, including its natural sources, modes of action and various useful applications in safeguarding livestock health as well as important aspects of human health.

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4

Pinnelli, Antonella, and Mariachiara Di Cesare. "Human fertility: sociodemographic aspects." Contraception 72, no. 4 (October 2005): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2005.01.008.

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5

Nyland, H., R. Matre, and S. Mörk. "Immunological aspects of human gliomas." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 63, no. 2 (January 29, 2009): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb00762.x.

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6

Uibo, Raivo, Andres Salumets, and Gilbert Faure. "Immunological Aspects of Human Reproduction." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408329.

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7

Butterworth, A. E. "Immunological aspects of human schistosomiasis." British Medical Bulletin 54, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011693.

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8

Chandra, R. K. "Immunological Aspects of Human Milk." Nutrition Reviews 36, no. 9 (April 27, 2009): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1978.tb07393.x.

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9

Karpati, George, and Montreal Myoblast Transfer Team. "Human myoblast transfer: Immunological aspects." Journal of Neuroimmunology 35 (January 1991): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-5728(91)90955-7.

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10

ANDERSSON, ROLAND. "Immunological Aspects of Human Growth Hormone." Acta Paediatrica 75, s325 (April 1986): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10364.x.

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11

Hattori, N., and C. Inagaki. "Immunological aspects of human growth hormone and prolactin." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 15, no. 5 (September 1998): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-7240(98)00019-8.

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12

Mueller-Loebnitz, Christoph, Helmut Ostermann, Anke Franzke, Juergen Loeffler, Lutz Uharek, Max Topp, and Hermann Einsele. "Immunological Aspects ofCandidaandAspergillusSystemic Fungal Infections." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/102934.

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Patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) have a high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) even after neutrophil regeneration. Immunological aspects might play a very important role in the IFI development in these patients. Some data are available supporting the identification of high-risk patients with IFI for example patients receiving stem cells from TLR4 haplotype S4 positive donors. Key defense mechanisms against IFI include the activation of neutrophils, the phagocytosis of germinating conidia by dendritic cells, and the fight of the cells of the innate immunity such as monocytes and natural killer cells against germlings and hyphae. Furthermore, immunosuppressive drugs interact with immune effector cells influencing the specific fungal immune defense and antimycotic drugs might interact with immune response. Based on the current knowledge on immunological mechanism inAspergillus fumigatus, the first approaches of an immunotherapy using human T cells are in development. This might be an option for the future of aspergillosis patients having a poor prognosis with conventional treatment.

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13

Gergert, V. Ja, M. M. Averbakh, and A. E. Ergeshov. "Immunological aspects of tuberculosis pathogenesis." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.11.000262.

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The morphological aspects of TB pathogenesis are well described in the publications. Much is also known about the main stages of development and formation of specific adaptive immunity. However, from our point of view, not enough attention is being paid to the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of clinically relevant TB abnormalities, as well as various forms of the disease. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the variety of clinical manifestations of any disease associated with the penetration of a foreign agent into the body, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in particular, is due to the collective interaction of the infectious agent and the individual response of the macroorganism to this infectious agent. The mosaic of such interactions usually imposes its own adjustments on the development of different forms of the process, its speed and direction, as well as the outcomes. Certainly, the response of a macroorganism to MTB is an integral part of pathogenesis and consists of many general components including the responses associated with the mechanisms of natural and acquired immunity. Intensity of these reactions depends on the characteristics of an agent (MTB) and a macroorganism. For the development of TB disease, massiveness of TB infection, dose and duration of MTB exposure to the human body, as well as virulence of MTB and the level of body's protection during the exposure play a very important role. TB pathogenesis is somewhat different in primary MTB infection and re - infection. With primary infection, 88-90% of individuals do not have clinical manifestations, and only the tuberculin skin test conversion signals the onset of infection. In some cases, without any use of anti-TB drugs limited abnormalities may result in spontaneous cure with the minimal residual changes in the lungs, intrathoracic lymph nodes and tissues of other organs, often in the form of calcifications and limited areas of fibrosis in more advanced cases. Only 10-12% of newly infected individuals develop TB with severe clinical manifestations requiring TB therapy. The absence of clinical manifestations of primary TB infection can be explained by a high level of natural resistance of the human body to tuberculosis, and sometimes can be an effect of acquired protection due to BCG vaccination. This review attempts to discuss the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis both at the beginning of disease development, and in the process of its various manifestations. Issues of genetically determined resistance or susceptibility to TB are not being covered in detail in this manuscript.

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14

Andrews, R. B., C. D. R. Dunn, J. Jolly, J. B. Jones, and R. D. Lange. "Some Immunological and Haematological Aspects of Human Cyclic Neutropenia." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 22, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1979.tb00409.x.

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15

Gazzinelli, G., and Z. Brener. "Immunological aspects of the morbidity of human Chagas' disease." Research in Immunology 142, no. 2 (January 1991): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2494(91)90032-e.

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16

Entwisle, Barbara, and Wolfgang Lutz. "Distributional Aspects of Human Fertility: A Global Comparative Study." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 4 (July 1991): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071831.

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17

Bhrolcháin, Máire Ní. "Distributional Aspects of Human Fertility: A Global Comparative Study." Population Studies 44, no. 2 (July 1, 1990): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000144716.

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18

Bongaarts], [John, and Wolfgang Lutz. "Distributional Aspects of Human Fertility: A Global Comparative Study." Population and Development Review 16, no. 1 (March 1990): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1972542.

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19

Hodgson, H. J. F. "Immunological aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases of the human gut." Agents and Actions 36, no. 3-4 (July 1992): C27—C31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01996092.

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20

Hodgson, H. J. F. "Immunological aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases of the human gut." Agents and Actions 36, S1 (March 1992): C27—C31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01991020.

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21

Tatarinov, Y. S. "Human protein factor of fertility (PFF): Fundamental and clinical aspects." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 15 (July 1989): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0378(89)90072-7.

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22

Torabinejad, Mahmoud, William C. Eby, and Irving J. Naidorf. "Inflammatory and immunological aspects of the pathogenesis of human periapical lesions." Journal of Endodontics 11, no. 11 (November 1985): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(85)80221-1.

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23

VENCLÍKOVÁ, Zora, Oldrich BENADA, Jirina BÁRTOVÁ, Ludek JOSKA, and Lubor MRKLAS. "Metallic Pigmentation of Human Teeth and Gingiva: Morphological and Immunological Aspects." Dental Materials Journal 26, no. 1 (2007): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.26.96.

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24

Yan, Wei-Hua, Aifen Lin, Xue-Jiao Chen, Mei-Zhen Dai, Hui-Hui Xu, Bao-Guo Chen, Lin-Hong Gan, and Wei-Wu Shi. "Immunological aspects of human amniotic fluid cells: Implication for normal pregnancy." Cell Biology International 32, no. 1 (January 2008): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.08.017.

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25

Williams, Adrian C., and Lisa J. Hill. "Meat and Nicotinamide: A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 10 (January 1, 2017): 117864691770466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646917704661.

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Hunting for meat was a critical step in all animal and human evolution. A key brain-trophic element in meat is vitamin B3 /nicotinamide. The supply of meat and nicotinamide steadily increased from the Cambrian origin of animal predators ratcheting ever larger brains. This culminated in the 3-million-year evolution of Homo sapiens and our overall demographic success. We view human evolution, recent history, and agricultural and demographic transitions in the light of meat and nicotinamide intake. A biochemical and immunological switch is highlighted that affects fertility in the ‘de novo’ tryptophan-to-kynurenine-nicotinamide ‘immune tolerance’ pathway. Longevity relates to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumer pathways. High meat intake correlates with moderate fertility, high intelligence, good health, and longevity with consequent population stability, whereas low meat/high cereal intake (short of starvation) correlates with high fertility, disease, and population booms and busts. Too high a meat intake and fertility falls below replacement levels. Reducing variances in meat consumption might help stabilise population growth and improve human capital.

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26

Zerpa, Olga, Marian Ulrich, Margarita Benitez, Concepción Ávila, Vestalia Rodríguez, Marta Centeno, Doris Belizario, Steven G. Reed, and Jacinto Convit. "Epidemiological and immunological aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis on Margarita Island, Venezuela." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 97, no. 8 (December 2002): 1079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762002000800002.

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27

Bocheva, Georgeta St, Radomir M. Slominski, and Andrzej T. Slominski. "Immunological Aspects of Skin Aging in Atopic Dermatitis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115729.

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The cutaneous immune response is important for the regulation of skin aging well as for the development of immune-mediated skin diseases. Aging of the human skin undergoes immunosenescence with immunological alterations and can be affected by environmental stressors and internal factors, thus leading to various epidermal barrier abnormalities. The dysfunctional epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation, and skin dysbiosis in the advanced age, together with the genetic factors, facilitate the late onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the elderly, whose cases have recently been on the rise. Controversial to the healthy aged skin, where overproduction of many cytokines is found, the levels of Th2/Th22 related cytokines inversely correlated with age in the skin of older AD patients. As opposed to an endogenously aged skin, the expression of the terminal differentiation markers significantly increases with age in AD. Despite the atenuated barrier disturbances in older AD patients, the aged skin carries an impairment associated with the aging process, which reflects the persistence of AD. The chronicity of AD in older patients might not directly affect skin aging but does not allow spontaneous remission. Thus, adult- and elderly subtypes of AD are considered as a lifelong disease.

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28

Mongioì, Laura M., Sarah Perelli, Rosita A. Condorelli, Federica Barbagallo, Andrea Crafa, Rossella Cannarella, Sandro La Vignera, and Aldo E. Calogero. "The Role of Resveratrol in Human Male Fertility." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092495.

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Resveratrol (RSV) (3,4′,5 trihydroxystilbene) is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol widely present in the Mediterranean diet. In particular, RSV is found in grapes, peanuts, berries, and red wine. Many beneficial effects of this molecule on human health have been reported. In fact, it improves some clinical aspects of various diseases, such as obesity, tumors, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the relationship between this compound and male fertility and the few available results are often controversial. Therefore, this review evaluated the effects of RSV on human male fertility and the mechanisms through which this polyphenol could act on human spermatozoa.

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29

Luz, Jean Carlos dos Santos da, Fernanda Antunes, Maria Alejandra Clavijo-Salomon, Emanuela Signori, Nayara Gusmão Tessarollo, and Bryan E. Strauss. "Clinical Applications and Immunological Aspects of Electroporation-Based Therapies." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070727.

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Reversible electropermeabilization (RE) is an ultrastructural phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane upon application of electrical pulses. The technique was described in 1972 by Neumann and Rosenheck and is currently used in a variety of applications, from medicine to food processing. In oncology, RE is applied for the intracellular transport of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the delivery of genetic material in gene therapies and vaccinations. This review summarizes the physical changes of the membrane, the particularities of bleomycin, and the immunological aspects involved in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer, two important EP-based cancer therapies in human and veterinary oncology.

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30

Anversa, Laís, Monique Gomes Salles Tiburcio, Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira, and Luis Eduardo Ramirez. "Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 64, no. 3 (March 2018): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.03.281.

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Summary Leishmaniasis is a disease with ample clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity and is considered a major public health problem. This article presents an overview of the transmission cycles, host-parasite interactions, clinical, histological and immunological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of various forms of the human disease.

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31

Montanari, Elisa, Carmen Gonelle‐Gispert, Jörg D. Seebach, Michael F. Knoll, Rita Bottino, and Leo H. Bühler. "Immunological aspects of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation: a comparison between mouse and human." Transplant International 32, no. 9 (May 15, 2019): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tri.13445.

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32

Goodkin, Karl, Michael H. Antoni, Lynne Helder, and Bernd Sevin. "Psychoneuroimmunological Aspects of Disease Progression among Women with Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Cervical Dysplasia and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Co-Infection." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 23, no. 2 (June 1993): 119–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f8f0-4uk8-xv79-ec6g.

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Objective: Psychosocial associations have been observed with level of cervical dysplasia or “pre-cancer” and invasive cervical cancer [related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection]. Psychoneuroimmunological relationships have been observed in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, which is being described in an increasing number of women. Our objective was to review these relationships regarding effects that might be expected in HIV-1 and HPV co-infected women. Method: This review was based on a Medline literature search supplemented by a manual search of selected journals unrepresented in that database. Results: Relationships of psychosocial factors and level of cervical dysplasia were similarly observed with reference to immunological and health status in asymptomatic and early symptomatic HIV-1 infected homosexual men, suggesting that a potentiating effect may occur in HIV-1 and HPV co-infected women. Consistency of relationships across studies appeared to be enhanced by the use of a biopsychosocial model integrating the effects of life stressors, social support and coping style as well as psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Research is indicated on the relationships between psychosocial factors, immunological status and clinical health status in this group of women. Because of the high prevalence of psychosocial risk factors for chronic psychological distress in these women and the known immunological and health status decrements occurring with progression of these two infections, a clinical screening program based on the biopsychosocial model is recommended as a means of secondary prevention. If effective in generating treatment referrals, such a program would likely improve quality of life and could aid in the determination of relationships with immunological and health status as well.

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33

Nicolaisen, Else Marie, Lisbeth Lyng Hansen, Fritz Poulsen, Steven Glazer, and Ulla Hedner. "Immunological Aspects of Recombinant Factor Vila (rFVIIa) in Clinical Use." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 76, no. 02 (1996): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650554.

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SummaryPatients, receiving rFVIIa for treatment of bleeding disorders, have been followed for specific antibody formation. No antibodies against FVII were demonstrated in 170 patients, with hemophilia, or with acquired inhibitors to clotting factors. Of 6 FVII-deficient patients, one overdosed patient developed antibodies to human FVII. There was no indication of de novo formation of antibodies to potential contaminating foreign protein, which could be correlated to the rFVIIa treatment. Except for the FVII-deficient population, which may represent a risk group, rFVIIa appears to be immunologically safe for use in patient groups with bleeding disorders, including hemophilia A and B patients.

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34

Pampel, Fred C. "Distributional Aspects of Human Fertility: A Global Comparative Study. Studies in Population.Wolfgang Lutz." Quarterly Review of Biology 66, no. 3 (September 1991): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/417272.

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35

Kilpatrick, D. C. "Immunological aspects of the potential role of dietary carbohydrates and lectins in human health." European Journal of Nutrition 38, no. 3 (July 9, 1999): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940050051.

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36

Hamilton, R. G. "Human IgG subclass measurements in the clinical laboratory." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1707–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.10.1707.

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Abstract Complement activation, cell surface-receptor binding, blocking activity, and possibly placental transfer are among the biologically important functional differences that have been detected between the four human IgG subclasses by use of polyclonal antisera. In 1985, a IUIS/WHO panel of immunologists, using eight immunological methods, documented the specificity of select monoclonal antibodies for the IgG subclasses. Clinical assays have been developed involving these monoclonal antibodies that allow quantification of the concentration of IgG subclass protein and distribution of the IgG subclass antibodies in human immune responses. This review addresses issues of concern to investigators who are evaluating and (or) developing quantitative human IgG subclass assays in the clinical laboratory. Unique physical (structural) and biological (functional) properties of human IgG subclasses are summarized, with a focus on aspects pertinent to their clinical importance and in vitro quantification. The HP-series monoclonal antibodies with documented specificity are examined within the context of their application to several immunological methods. I describe unique technical aspects of total and antigen-specific IgG-subclass immunoassays involving these monoclonal antibodies. Finally, this report outlines clinical applications and indications for IgG-subclass measurements in the study of human health and disease.

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37

Deligeoroglou, Efthimios, Aikaterini Giannouli, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, Vasileios Karountzos, Anastasia Vatopoulou, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, and George Creatsas. "HPV Infection: Immunological Aspects and Their Utility in Future Therapy." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/540850.

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High prevalence and mortality rates of cervical cancer create an imperative need to clarify the uniqueness of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection, which serves as the key causative factor in cervical malignancies. Understanding the immunological details and the microenvironment of the infection can be a useful tool for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Chronic infection and progression to carcinogenesis are sustained by immortalization potential of HPV, evasion techniques, and alterations in the microenvironment of the lesion. Inside the lesion, Toll-like receptors expression becomes irregular; Langerhans cells fail to present the antigens efficiently, tumor-associated macrophages aggregate resulting in an unsuccessful immune response by the host. HPV products also downregulate the expression of microenvironment components which are necessary for natural-killer cells response and antigen presentation to cytotoxic cells. Additionally HPV promotes T-helper cell 2 (Th2) and T-regulatory cell phenotypes and reduces Th1 phenotype, leading to suppression of cellular immunity and lesion progression to cancer. Humoral response after natural infection is inefficient, and neutralizing antibodies are not adequate in many women. Utilizing this knowledge, new endeavors, such as therapeutic vaccination, aim to stimulate cellular immune response against the virus and alter the milieu of the lesion.

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38

Jensen, James B., and John A. Vande Waa. "Epidemiological and immunological aspects of human crisis form factor in falciparum malaria: Cell-mediated responses?" Veterinary Parasitology 29, no. 2-3 (September 1988): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90124-0.

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39

Drabiak, Katherine. "Untangling the Promises of Human Genome Editing." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, no. 4 (2018): 991–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518822001.

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This article traces the rapid progression of policy pertaining to human genome germline modifications using genome editing. It provides an overview of how one fertility physician implemented and advertised experimental techniques as part of his fertility clinic services, examines US law and policy, and assesses the impact of rhetoric influencing global policy and interpretation of the law. This article provides an in-depth examination of the medical rationale driving the acceptance of genome editing human embryos in two contexts: to cure disease and treat infertility. It describes complexities in genomics and outlines risks currently associated with genome editing, asserting the available evidence fails to demonstrate genome editing constitutes a curative therapy.

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40

Savas, Diane, and Stephen Treece. "Fertility Clinics: One Code of Practice?" Medical Law International 3, no. 2-3 (March 1998): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096853329800300311.

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Since the enactment of the Human Fertility and Embryology Act 1990, Fertility Clinics have been obliged to work within the HFEA guidelines to comply with the requirements of their licences. However the recent media focus on certain aspects of assisted conception calls into question the degree of subjective interpretation that is applied by individual clinics with regard to the guidelines. This paper is the result of an empirical study examining how clinics interpret the guidelines, and will examine the question of whether the existing guidelines should be tightened to remove some of the inherent ambiguities.

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Keller, Thomas, Andrea Schneider Cta, Richard Dirnhofer, Regula Jungo, and Wolfgang Meyer. "Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Whole Blood." Medicine, Science and the Law 40, no. 3 (July 2000): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240004000312.

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Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a technique which has been known for a number of years. Since the development of the fundamental principles of fluorescence polarization by Perrin in a series of papers beginning in 1926, immunological techniques using labelled reactants have gained an extraordinary importance in the field of medical research and in routine diagnosis. As one of the nonradioactive immunological techniques, FPIA has found broad application in clinical and forensic toxicology. The authors report a new method to quickly screen autopsy, police and hospital blood samples for opiates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, barbiturates and methadone after Extrelut extraction utilising the FPIA methodology.

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Perumal, A. N. I., Y. I. N. S. Gunawardene, and R. S. Dassanayake. "Setaria digitata in advancing our knowledge of human lymphatic filariasis." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000309.

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AbstractSetaria digitata is a filarial parasite that causes fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep and horses, resulting in substantial economic losses in animal husbandry in the tropics. Due to its close resemblance to Wuchereria bancrofti, this nematode is also frequently used as a model organism to study human lymphatic filariasis. This review highlights numerous insights into the morphological, histological, biochemical, immunological and genetic aspects of S. digitata that have broadened our understanding towards the control and eradication of filarial diseases.

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Aksoy, Ahu, and Duygu VefikuluÃ§ay Yilmaz. "Assessment of Male Infertility." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijeths.v3i1.4093.

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As a result of modern life, postponement of gestational age, obesity, electromagnetic waves, hormone and genetically modified foods, stress, smoking and alcohol use and sexually transmitted diseases directly cause negative effects on human health. The reproductive system, which is sensitive to environmental changes, is the most affected. In recent years, the usage of assisted reproductive techniques led to an increase in the number of men as well women who consults health institutions for assistance in conception. Because factors pertaining to males comprise half of all fertility problems. In this context, all these factors should be considered when assessing infertile men. Nowadays, many new methods such as endocrine tests, sperm analysis, radiological evaluation, testis biopsy, immunological tests and sperm function tests have been developed to diagnose and assess male infertility. Thanks to these methods, fertility success rates have increased. Therefore, when assessing infertile males, nurses should determine the condition causing fertility, provide accurate information about the prognosis, provide counseling during the research, provide support and training, and offer treatment options according to the evaluation results. Keywords: Infertility assessment, male infertility, fertility, nursing.

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Talwar, Gursaran P., Jagdish C. Gupta, and Neha V. Shankar. "Immunological Approaches Against Human Chorionic Gonadotropin for Control of Fertility and Therapy of Advanced-Stage Cancers Expressing hCG/Subunits." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (April 19, 2011): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01002.x.

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Charrel-Dennis, M., AM Jackson, T. Lund, AJ Lapthorn, P. Berger, IM Roitt, and PJ Delves. "The major hormone-specific discontinuous epitopes on human chorionic gonadotrophin." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0320571.

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The hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) shows extensive sequence homology with LH. Thus, many of the antigenic epitopes on hCG are shared with LH, leading to immunological cross-reaction between these two hormones. Anti-fertility and anti-cancer vaccines based upon hCG should ideally target only the hCG-specific epitopes. The hCG-unique linear epitopes located in the C-terminal peptide of the hCG beta-chain are well characterised. In contrast, the hCG-specific discontinuous epitopes, termed beta1, beta6 and beta7, have remained poorly defined. By generating hCG beta-chain molecules containing single amino acid substitutions we have identified R10, N13, R60 and Q89 as being important in the formation of the beta1 epitope, with R60 providing a particularly dominant residue. We also show that the amino acid residue Q89 contributes to the beta7 epitope, whilst D61 plays a role in both the beta6 and beta7 epitopes.

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Konc, János, Katalin Kanyó, Rita Kriston, Bence Somoskői, and Sándor Cseh. "Cryopreservation of Embryos and Oocytes in Human Assisted Reproduction." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/307268.

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Both sperm and embryo cryopreservation have become routine procedures in human assisted reproduction and oocyte cryopreservation is being introduced into clinical practice and is getting more and more widely used. Embryo cryopreservation has decreased the number of fresh embryo transfers and maximized the effectiveness of the IVF cycle. The data shows that women who had transfers of fresh and frozen embryos obtained 8% additional births by using their cryopreserved embryos. Oocyte cryopreservation offers more advantages compared to embryo freezing, such as fertility preservation in women at risk of losing fertility due to oncological treatment or chronic disease, egg donation, and postponing childbirth, and eliminates religious and/or other ethical, legal, and moral concerns of embryo freezing. In this review, the basic principles, methodology, and practical experiences as well as safety and other aspects concerning slow cooling and ultrarapid cooling (vitrification) of human embryos and oocytes are summarized.

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Darlan, Dewi Masyithah, Muhammad Fakhrur Rozi, and Hemma Yulfi. "Overview of Immunological Responses and Immunomodulation Properties of Trichuris sp.: Prospects for Better Understanding Human Trichuriasis." Life 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11030188.

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Trichuris sp. infection has appeared as a pathological burden in the population, but the immunomodulation features could result in an opportunity to discover novel treatments for diseases with prominent inflammatory responses. Regarding the immunological aspects, the innate immune responses against Trichuris sp. are also responsible for determining subsequent immune responses, including the activation of innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2s), and encouraging the immune cell polarization of the resistant host phenotype. Nevertheless, this parasite can establish a supportive niche for worm survival and finally avoid host immune interference. Trichuris sp. could skew antigen recognition and immune cell activation and proliferation through the generation of specific substances, called excretory/secretory (ESPs) and soluble products (SPs), which mainly mediate its immunomodulation properties. Through this review, we elaborate and discuss innate–adaptive immune responses and immunomodulation aspects, as well as the clinical implications for managing inflammatory-based diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic, sepsis, and other autoimmune diseases.

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Pasqualotto, Fábio Firmbach, Cristhiany Victor Locambo, Kelly Silveira Athayde, and Sami Arap. "Measuring male infertility: epidemiological aspects." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 58, no. 3 (2003): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812003000300008.

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Evidence suggests that human semen quality may have been deteriorating in recent years. Most of the evidence is retrospective, based on analysis of data sets collected for other purposes. Measures of male infertility are needed if we want to monitor the biological capacity for males to reproduce over time or between different populations. We also need these measures in analytical epidemiology if we want to identify risk indicators, risk factors, or even causes of an impaired male fecundity-that is, the male component in the biological ability to reproduce. The most direct evaluation of fecundity is to measure the time it takes to conceive. Since the time of conception may be missed in the case of an early abortion, time to get pregnant is often measured as the time it takes to obtain a conception that survives until a clinically recognized pregnancy or even a pregnancy that ends with a live born child occurs. A prolonged time required to produce pregnancy may therefore be due to a failure to conceive or a failure to maintain a pregnancy until clinical recognition. Studies that focus on quantitative changes in fecundity (that does not cause sterility) should in principle be possible in a pregnancy sample. The most important limitation in fertility studies is that the design requires equal persistency in trying to become pregnant and rather similar fertility desires and family planning methods in the groups to be compared. This design is probably achievable in exposure studies that make comparisons with reasonable comparable groups concerning social conditions and use of contraceptive methods.

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Asghar, Mohammad, Benrithung Murry, and Kallur Nava Saraswathy. "Fertility Behaviour and Effect of Son Preference among the Muslims of Manipur, India." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (August 26, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/108236.

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Fertility is one of the most important components of demographic studies affecting almost all aspects of human life. Present paper is an attempt to study various factors, including preference of son, affecting the fertility of Manipuri Muslims. A household survey was conducted in Imphal East and Thoubal districts where the concentration of Muslim is found to be the highest, interviewing 512 ever married women. Age at marriage, age at first conception, education, occupation, types of family, and per capita annual income are influencing the fertility rate among this population. Uses of birth control measures, consanguineous marriage, and age at menarche have no effect on fertility rate. The preference for more sons is observed in this study leading to increase in overall fertility rate.

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Zhukovskaya, Elena V. "Fertility problems in patients with germ cell tumors." Russian Journal of Oncology 21, no. 5 (October 15, 2016): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-2016-21-5-275-280.

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This review highlights some of the aspects of the fertility in patients with germ cell tumors. This problem appears to be the very actual problem because of the possible impact not only anticancer therapy, but the tumor itself, coming from the human gonadal germ cells on the fertility. The individual histological types have been characterized by age and gender features. In patients with germ cell tumors, infertility is more common than in patients with other malignancies. Feasibility of the germ cell sampling procedure: the sperm and possibly, ovum, before the treatment in order to preserve the reproductive function of cured patients.

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