Relevant bibliographies by topics / FERROUS ALLOY

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'FERROUS ALLOY'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Saddiqe, Asim M., and Murali R V. "A Correlative Analysis of Machining Parameters with Surface Roughness for Ferrous and Non- Ferrous Alloy Materials." International Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/engineering-journal-ijoer-aug-2017-11.

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Jialing, Wen, Niu Quanfeng, and Xu Yanmin. "Ferrous alloy powder for laser cladding." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02870874.

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Popoola, Patricia Abimbola Idowu, Sanni Omotayo, Cleophas A. Loto, and Olawale Muhammed Popoola. "Inhibitive Action of Ferrous Gluconate on Aluminum Alloy in Saline Environment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/639071.

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The corrosion of aluminum in saline environment in the presence of ferrous gluconate was studied using weight loss and linear polarization methods. The corrosion rates were studied in different concentrations of ferrous gluconate 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/mL at 28°C. Experimental results revealed that ferrous gluconate in saline environment reduced the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy at the different concentrations studied. The minimum inhibition efficiency was obtained at 1.5 g/mL concentration of inhibitor while the optimum inhibition efficiency was achieved with 1.0 g/mL inhibitor concentration. The results showed that adsorption of ferrous gluconate on the aluminium alloy surface fits Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The potentiodynamic polarization results showed that ferrous gluconate is a mixed type inhibitor. Ferrous gluconate acted as an effective inhibitor for aluminium alloy within the temperature and concentration range studied. The data obtained from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods were in good agreement.
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Swindeman, R. W., and M. Gold. "Developments in Ferrous Alloy Technology for High-Temperature Service." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928737.

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Developments during the past twenty-five years are outlined for the technology of ferrous alloys needed in elevated temperature service. These developments include new alloys with improved strength and corrosion resistance for use in nuclear, fossil, and petrochemical applications. Specific groups of alloys that are addressed include vanadium-modified low alloy steels, 9Cr-1Mo-V steel, niobium-modified lean stainless steels, and high chrome-nickel iron alloys. A brief description of coating and claddings for improved corrosion resistance is also provided.
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Parimanik, Soumya Ranjan, Trupti Ranjan Mahapatra, Debadutta Mishra, and Akshaya Kumar Rout. "Dissimilar Laser Welding of NiTi Alloy with Ferrous and Non-ferrous Material: Optimization of Process Parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101167.

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NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is extensively utilized in various high-performance engineering industries such as medical devices, aerospace, air-craft structures, micro-electrical and electronic components, and more, owing to its exceptional properties, including shape memory effect (SME), superelasticity, and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, due to its distinct characteristics, achieving a suitable joint of NiTi alloys is a challenging task. Therefore, scientists have been dedicating significant efforts to the joining of this alloy. This current research explores the weldability of NiTi wires with stainless steel wire and copper wire using Laser. The micro-hardness and the tensile strength of the weld joint are acquired according to Taguchi design of experiment so as to identify the significance of the control factors (laser power, scan speed and focal length). Moreover, simultaneous optimization of multi performance characteristics is also attempted using Utility concept. The results from the confirmation runs showed that the predicted optimal machining parameters has im-proved the individual as well as the multiple performance characteristic.
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Pavithran, V., S. Dharani Kumar, and U. Magarajan. "REVIEW ON SHOT PEENING OF NON FERROUS ALLOY." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i02.024.

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Tanaka, Y., Y. Himuro, R. Kainuma, Y. Sutou, T. Omori, and K. Ishida. "Ferrous Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity." Science 327, no. 5972 (March 18, 2010): 1488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1183169.

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Prasertsook, Somsak. "Research and Development of Non-Ferrous Melting Energy." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.547.

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The objective of this research is to develop an existing crucible furnace fueled by diesel fuel into an energy saving LPG fueled furnace. The Non- ferrous melting furnace will be used to melt Aluminium and Copper alloys. The results of the research are as follows: 1. The furnace and equipment improvements outlined in this research will save an average fuel cost of 26.90 percent when using diesel oil. 2. When comparing the use of LPG fuel with diesel oil to melt aluminium alloy, LPG use results in an average cost saving of 43.18 percent as compared to diesel, while copper alloy melting results in an average cost saving of 50.83 percent. The world energy crisis has impacted economic growth in the developing countries mainly due to the high costs of importing energy such as crude oil from middle eastern countries where the high price of the oil has lead to a higher cost of products. Thus manufacturers must consider this when embarking of significant capital expenditure. It is believed that alternative energy is the way to relieve the energy crisis situation. Using suitable energy is one way to save on production costs. Foundries which produce non - ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper Alloy still use oil crucible furnaces as the source of heat energy. If they change the energy source from oil to be liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) the melting cost will be decreased. This research was the experimentally conducted by melting non - ferrous metals within a crucible furnace using either LPG or diesel oil and then comparing the consumption levels. Before the experiment we modified an existing crucible furnace which used diesel oil to be the experiment furnace. However for reference data this researcher took the Capacity table of crucible furnaces from Pyro - Industrial Systems Company U.S.A.
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Jiang, Z., C. Lucien Falticeanu, and I. T. H. Chang. "Warm Compression of Al Alloy PM Blends." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.333.

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With the onging trend of reducing the weight of automotive parts, there is also an increasing trend in the use of light alloys. Recently, aluminum powder metallurgy has been the subject of great attention due to the combination of the lightweight characteristics of aluminium and the efficient material utilisation of the powder metallurgical process, which offer attractive benefits to potential end-users. Conventional press and sinter route of non-ferrous P/M products are based compaction at room temperature prior to the sintering cycle. However, warm compaction process has successfully provided increased density in ferrous powder metallurgy parts, which contributes to better mechanical properties and consequently overall performance of those parts. This study is aimed at exploring the use of warm compaction process to aluminium powder metallurgy. This paper presents a detailed study of the effect of warm compression and sintering conditions on the resultant microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Si PM blend.
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Huang, Daud, Shih Huang Chen, and Hnin Hnin Mon. "The Preliminary Study on Re-Utilization of Ferrous-Nickel Slag to Replace Conventional Construction Material for Road Construction (Sub-Grade Layer Improvement)." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.694.

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Ferrous-nickel slag is an industrial waste material which produced from smelting process of ferrous-nickel uses in manufacturing of stainless steel and ferrous alloy industry, in China Guangdong province itself, it was estimated around 6-7million of ferrous-nickel slag has been produces annually, the common method in order to reutilize ferrous-nickel slag material is by using on cement industry (replace cement material) and as land-filling material. One of the main objectives of this study is to investigate the feasibility of reutilization of ferrous-nickel slag combined with soil improvement method to portion replace conventional construction materials such as sand and granular material on sub-grade or sub-base layer of pavement construction. Strength and swelling properties of ferrous-nickel slag and soil (sand) mixture after treatment with soil improvement agent will be use as main consideration the performances of ferrous-slag nickel material on road construction, includes 4-days soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR), 7-day Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and also swelling behaviour of the mixture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Moloto, Ledwaba Harry. "Reduction of ferric and ferrous compounds in the presence of graphite using mechanical alloying." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/419.

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M.Tech. (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences), Vaal University of Technology
Many oxidic iron compounds—iron oxides; oxy-hydroxides and hydroxides—not only play an important role in a variety of disciplines but also serve as a model system of reduction and catalytic reactions. There are more than 16 identifiable oxidic iron compounds. The reduction of these compounds has been investigated for centuries. Despite this, the reduction behavior of the oxides is not fully understood as yet. To date the reduction mechanism is still plagued with uncertainties and conflicting theories, partly due to the complex nature of these oxides and intermediates formed during the reduction. Thermodynamically, the reduction of iron oxide occurs in steps. For example, during the reduction of hematite (a-Fe2O3) magnetite (Fe3O4) is first formed followed by non-stoichiometric wüstite (Fe1-yO) and lastly metallic iron (a-Fe). The rate of transformation depends on the reduction conditions. Further, this reduction is accompanied by changes in the crystal structure. The reduction behavior of iron oxides using graphite under ball-milling conditions was investigated using Planetary mono mill (Fritsch Pulverisette 6), Mössbauer Spectroscopy (MS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was found that hematite transformed into magnetite, Wüstite and or cementite depending on the milling conditions. The study shows that by increasing the milling time, the rotational speed and / or the ball to powder ratio, the extent of the conversion of hematite to its reduction products increased. Further investigations are required for the elucidation of the reduction mechanism. The reaction og magnetite and graphite at different milling conditions lead to the formation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ species, the former increasing at the expense of Fe3O4. Fe3O4 completely disappeared after a BPR of 50:1 and beyond. The Fe2+ species was confirmed to be due to FeO using XRD analysis. HRSEM images Fe2O3 using scanning electron microscopy prior to and after milling at different times showed significant changes while the milling period was increased, HRSEM images showed that the once well defined hematite particles took ill-defined shapes and also became smaller in size, which was a results of the milling action that induced reaction between the two powders to form magnetite. EDX spectra at different milling times also confirmed formation of magnetite. EDX elemental analysis and quantification confirmed the elemental composition of starting material consisting mainly of iron. Similarly, HRSEM images of Fe3O4 using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) prior to and after milling at different BPR showed significant changes when the milling period was increased. EDX spectra at different milling times also confirmed formation of partial FeO and EDX elemental analysis and quantification confirmed the elemental composition of starting material consisting mainly of iron than Fe2O3. TEM images of both Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 particles at different milling conditions displayed observable particle damages as a function of milling period.The once well - defined particles (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 ) successively took ill – defined shapes, possibly accompanied by crystallite size reduction. MAS showed that the reactive milling of α- Fe2O3 and C resulted in reduction to Fe3O4 , FeO and or cementite depending on the milling conditions etc Time, milling speed and BPR variation which influenced the reduction. The study shows that by increasing the milling time, the rotational speed and / or the ball to powder ratio, the extent of the conversion of hematite to its reduction products increased. XRD study investigations even though were unable to detect spm species (Fe2+ and Fe3+ ) which has smaller crystallites below detection limits ,the variation in time showed an increment in the magnetite peaks accompanied by recession of hematite and graphite peaks as the milling time was increased which relates to the MAS observation.XRD also corroborated the data obtained from MAS that showed that the main constituent was magnetite and further evidence in support of the reduction of hematite to magnetite under reactive milling was obtained using XRD . Overall, the work demonstrated selective reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 to FeO by fine tuning the milling conditions. It is envisaged that the reduction of FeO to Fe and possible carburization to FexC could also be achieved.
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Erdiller, Emrah Salim. "Investigation Of Solidification And Crystallization Of Iron Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/1096585/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to form a theoretical model for simulation of glass forming ability of Fe &
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Based bulk amorphous alloys, to synthesize Fe &
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based multicomponent glassy alloys by using the predictions of the theoretical study, and to analyze the influence of crystallization and solidification kinetics on the microstructural features of this amorphous alloys. For this purpose, first, glass forming ability of Fe &
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(Mo, B, Cr, Nb, C) &
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X ( X = various alloying elements, selected from the periodic table) ternary alloy systems were simulated for twenty different alloy compositions by using the electronic theory of alloys in pseudopotential approximation and regular solution theory. Then, by using the results of the theoretical study, systematic casting experiments were performed by using centrifugal casting method. The alloying elements were melted with induction under argon atmosphere in alumina crucibles and casted into copper molds of different shapes. Characterization of the cast specimens were performed by using DSC, XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy. Comparison of equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification structures of cast specimens were also performed so as to verify the existence of the amorphous phase. Good agreement of the results of experimental work, with the predictions of the theoretical study, and the related literature was obtained.
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Beauchesne, France. "Analyse non destructive du cuivre et de ses alliages par activation à l'aide de neutrons rapides de cyclotron : application à la numismatique." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0015.

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Détermination non destructrice de fer, Ni, Zn, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Au et Pb dans des alliages cuivreux. Comparaison avec la méthode pixe, analyse d'émission de rayons x induits par protons et la méthode d'analyse par activation de protons. Application en numismatique et pour des objets anciens (fibules, statuettes)
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Wilson, Andrew David. "Wear and fatigue studies of surface engineered ferrous and non-ferrous aerospace alloys." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264952.

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Athasniya, Mohit. "Extrinsic Influence of Environment on Tensile Response, Impact Toughness and Fracture Behavior of Four Metals: Ferrous Versus Non Ferrous." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1444242002.

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Prithiraj, Alicia. "Corrosion behaviour of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys exposed to sulphate - reducing bacteria in industrial heat exchangers." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/433.

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M.Tech. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology
Corrosion responses of some carbon steels, stainless steel and copper alloys in the presence of a culture of bacteria (referred to as SRB-Sulphate-reducing bacteria) found in industrial heat exchangers, was studied to recommend best alloys under this service condition, with techno-economic consideration. Water from cooling towers in three plants in a petrochemical processing complex were analysed for SRB presence. Two of the water samples showed positive indication of SRB presence. The mixed cultures obtained from plant one were grown in prepared media and incubated at 35 °C for 18 days. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies in anaerobic conditions were done on the selected alloys in aqueous media with and without the grown SRB. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were then used to study the corrosion morphology and corrosion products formation. The voltamograms show higher icorr for alloys under the SRB compared to the control media, indicating the SRB indeed increased the corrosion rates. The surface analysis showed pitting on steel alloy ASTM A106-B. Localised attack to the grain boundaries on a selective area, was seen on ASTM A516-70 dislodging the grains, and intergranular corrosion was seen throughout the exposed area of ASTM A179. Copper alloys showed pitting on ASTM B111 grade C71500 (70-30), and denickelification on ASTM B111 grade C70600 (90-10), and is a good alternative material for use apart from carbon steel alloys, recording a low corrosion rate of 0.05 mm/year. The EDS analysis supported the findings showing higher weight percent of iron and sulphur on surface of the alloys after exposure to the SRB media. This implies that the presence of the sulphur ion indeed increased the corrosion rate. ASTM A516-70 carbon steel was chosen as a suitable alternative material to the stainless steel in this environment. The Tafel plot recorded a corrosion rate of 1.08 mm/year for ASTM A516-70 when exposed to SRB media.
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Iatrou, Angela. "Removal of chlorite by reaction with ferrous iron." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42223.

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The use of chlorine dioxide as an oxidant and/or disinfectant for drinking water treatment has been an alternative considered when utilities seek to control trihalomethane concentrations. However, concern regarding residual concentrations of chlorite and chlorate have resulted in limitations on applied chlorine dioxide dosages. This study describes the use of ferrous iron as a possible reducing agent for the elimination of residual chlorite from drinking water.
Master of Science

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Corke, C. C. "The corrosion and repassivation behaviour of some ferrous-based glassy alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383799.

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Rees, Eleanor Elizabeth. "Structural and chemical characterisation of the passive film on ferrous alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428696.

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Armstrong, Derek C. "Influence of segregated impurities on the corrosion and oxidation of ferrous alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239600.

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Books on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Ahmed, Fathalla M. Alloy deveopment in ferrous sintered components. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1990.

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International, Symposium on Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloy Processes (1990 Hamilton Ont ). Ferrous and non-ferrous alloy processes: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ferrous and Non-ferrous Alloy Processes, Hamilton, Ontario, August 26-30, 1990. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990.

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Isaacson, A. E. Effect of sulfide minerals on ferrous alloy grinding media corrosion. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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Isaacson, A. E. Effect of sulfide minerals on ferrous alloy grinding media corrosion. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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International Symposium on Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloy Processes (1990 Hamilton, Can.). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloy Processes, Hamilton, Canada, August 26-30, 1990. New York, NY: Pergamon Press, 1990.

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Hinton, David Alban. The gold, silver, and other non-ferrous alloy objects from Hamwic, and the non-ferrous metalworking evidence. Stroud: Alan Sutton, in association with Southampton City Council, 1996.

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Rana, Radhakanta, ed. High-Performance Ferrous Alloys. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53825-5.

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Ferrous metal. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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Weld cracking in ferrous alloys. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2009.

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A, Oriani Richard, Hirth John Price 1930-, and Śmiałowski Michał, eds. Hydrogen degradation of ferrous alloys. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Spittel, Marlene, and Thilo Spittel. "Data bank of deformation parameters of alloy and heavy metals." In Part 3: Non-ferrous Alloys - Heavy Metals, 114–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14174-4_5.

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Papa, João Paulo, Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque, Alexandre Xavier Falcão, and João Manuel R. S. Tavares. "Fast Automatic Microstructural Segmentation of Ferrous Alloy Samples Using Optimum-Path Forest." In Computational Modeling of Objects Represented in Images, 210–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12712-0_19.

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Regan, Peter C., and Wojtek Szczypiorski. "Hazelett twin-belt aluminium strip-casting process: caster design and current product programme of aluminium alloy sheet." In EMC ’91: Non-Ferrous Metallurgy—Present and Future, 467–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3684-6_50.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Ferrous Alloys." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 116–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0443-2_12.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Ferrous Alloys." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 352–400. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2895-5_12.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Ferrous Alloys." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 135–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1842-9_12.

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Askeland, Donald R. "Non-Ferrous Alloys." In The Science and Engineering of Materials, 151–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1842-9_13.

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Azizi, Hamid, Olga A. Girina, Damon Panahi, Tihe Zhou, and Hatem S. Zurob. "Processing of Ferrous Alloys." In High-Performance Ferrous Alloys, 37–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53825-5_2.

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John, Vernon. "Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys." In Introduction to Engineering Materials, 195–220. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21976-6_15.

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Cardarelli, François. "Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys." In Materials Handbook, 1–43. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3648-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Xu, Kang, and Mahendra D. Rana. "Pressure Temperature Ratings of Aluminum Alloy Flanges." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84076.

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ASME B31.3 Appendix L provides the pressure and temperature ratings of forged aluminum flanges. The flanges are from NPS 1/2 to NPS 24 in three rating Classes 150, 300 and 600 with two grades of aluminum alloys: ASTM B247 3003-H112 and 6061-T6. However, B31.3 does not provide any technical information on the basis of the pressure and temperature ratings. A review of the historical development of ASME B16.5 indicated that the aluminum flanges had the same technical basis for pressure and temperature ratings as the ferrous alloy flanges in ASME B16.5. The 1960 Addenda of the 1957 Edition B16.5 included both aluminum flanges and ferrous alloy flanges. A new Code Case 2905 has been recently approved to allow B31.3 Appendix L aluminum flanges in fabricating Section VIII Division 1 pressure vessels as B16.5 flanges on the basis that both flange specifications have the same safety margin. In this paper, the technical basis of the pressure and temperature rating of aluminum flanges is revisited. Based on the same principle, the pressure ratings are extended to Class 900 and Class 1500 for the two aluminum alloys using the same analysis. Since ASTM B247 5083-H112 is another common grade of aluminum forging alloy, the pressure and temperature ratings are proposed for 5083-H112.
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Joto, Yoshinori, Manabu Wada, Hisashi Naoi, and Tadakatsu Maruyama. "Shape Recovery Characteristics of Pipes With Heavy Wall Thickness Made by Ferrous Shape Memory Alloy." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59504.

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Recently, ferrous shape memory alloys have been developed. Shape recovery strains of ferrous shape memory alloys are smaller than those of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys[1,2]. Strength, ductility and workability of the former alloy are higher than those of the latter alloy. Therefore, ferrous shape memory alloys are tried to apply for several kinds of pipe joints, as an example, joints of support pipes in the tunnel[3]. One of the other applications, the alloys is used as the material of simulation model to analyze the deformation behavior of the core tube in the fast breeder reactor. In this study, we investigated the shape recovery characteristics of pipes with heavy wall thickness made by ferrous shape memory alloy. Chemical compositions of this alloy are Fe, 28%Mn, 6%Si and 5%Cr. The alloy is melted, and round bars are manufactured by rolling, and pipes are machined from them. Tensile strength is 1100MPa, and yield strength is 320MPa. Ratios of wall thickness to central diameter of pipes are 10, 15, 20 and 25%. We insert tapered punch in the pipe, and expanded it by test machine. Then the circumferential strain of the center diameter of the pipes is 7%. And finally, the heat treatment is conducted at 350 degrees C in order to induce the shape recovery strain, and the pipe diameter decreases by means of austenitic transformation. The results obtained by the experiment are shown as follows. As the value of ratios of wall thickness to center diameter decreases, shape recovery strain increases and seems to approach the shape recovery strain obtained by uni-axial tension test, which was conducted in the past time.
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Heringer, Romulo, Ma´rio Boccalini, Marcelo A. Martorano, and Cla´udia R. Serantoni. "Measurement of Cooling Curves in Centrifugal Casting of a Ferrous Alloy." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56103.

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A sensor was developed to measure the cooling curves inside a ferrous alloy during its solidification as centrifugally cast tubes. The temperature evolution at some points within the alloy is necessary to evaluate the heat transfer through the outer surface of the tube during the centrifugal casting process. Serious difficulties exist in this type of measurement, because of the rotation of the mold and the relatively high temperature at which the ferrous alloy is poured. The sensor consists of sheathed thermocouples positioned by a convenient support internally to the rotating mold, within the metal layer. Although the sensor is subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses during the melt pouring and solidification, it must maintain its mechanical and thermal characteristics to temperatures of the order of the melting point of the ferrous alloy. Therefore, the thermocouple sheaths and support have been made of refractory metals, namely, tantalum and niobium, to resist the high temperature. Moreover, the sensor was designed to have low thermal inertia, allowing its temperature to increase above the liquidus temperature of the alloy before solidification of the surrounding liquid metal. Because the sensor is embedded in the solidified tube after solidification, a special design was necessary to allow stripping the tube out of the mold without disturbing the system.
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Yamada, Katsuhito, Masuji Oshima, Norihiro Amano, Tamotsu Hasegawa, and Kouichi Souda. "Precise Temperature Control for Molten Ferrous Alloy in Induction Furnace." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970376.

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d'Almeida, T., D. J. Chapman, W. G. Proud, P. J. Gould, P. D. Church, M. Reynolds, R. Wheeler, H. J. MacGillivray, M. Di Michiel, and J. M. Merino. "Soft recovery of a ferrous alloy: Structural modification and properties." In DYMAT 2009 - 9th International Conferences on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009136.

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Wada, Manabu, Hisashi Naoi, and Kazuyuki Tsukimori. "Investigation of Shape Recovery Characteristics on Ferrous Shape Memory Alloy." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41896.

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Aims of this study are to clarify the shape recovery characteristics on ferrous shape memory alloy in order to utilize one as a many kinds of mechanical components. In this study, Fe-Mn-Si-Cr shape memory alloy is used. The fundamental characteristics and the shape recovery characteristics are investigated in this alloy. From the result of this investigation, shape recovery strain without training process reaches to maximum value of 2% at the amount of 5∼7% work-strain. That with the training process reaches 3.5% in the maximum, which is 1.8 times of that without training process. In addition, the shape recovery characteristic under constant stress which is given during the heating process is investigated. The microstructure of the deformed material is observed. The Widmanstatten structure is generated. This structure is attributed to the transformation from austenite to ε-martensite. In order to enable the prediction analysis of the shape recovery behavior, the relationship between shape recovery strain and work-strain is formulated by the regression analysis in cubic equation.
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Naoi, H., M. Wada, T. Koike, H. Yamamoto, and T. Maruyama. "Investigation of shape recovery stress for ferrous shape memory alloy." In CMEM 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/cmem090441.

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Yamamoto, Y., M. P. Brady, G. Muralidharan, B. A. Pint, P. J. Maziasz, D. Shin, B. Shassere, S. S. Babu, and C. H. Kuo. "Development of Creep-Resistant, Alumina-Forming Ferrous Alloys for High-Temperature Structural Use." In ASME 2018 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2018-6727.

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This paper overviews recent advances in developing novel alloy design concepts of creep-resistant, alumina-forming Fe-base alloys, including both ferritic and austenitic steels, for high-temperature structural applications in fossil-fired power generation systems. Protective, external alumina-scales offer improved oxidation resistance compared to chromia-scales in steam-containing environments at elevated temperatures. Alloy design utilizes computational thermodynamic tools with compositional guidelines based on experimental results accumulated in the last decade, along with design and control of the second-phase precipitates to maximize high-temperature strengths. The alloys developed to date, including ferritic (Fe-Cr-Al-Nb-W base) and austenitic (Fe-Cr-Ni-Al-Nb base) alloys, successfully incorporated the balanced properties of steam/water vapor-oxidation and/or ash-corrosion resistance and improved creep strength. Development of cast alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel alloys is also in progress with successful improvement of higher temperature capability targeting up to ∼1100°C. Current alloy design approach and developmental efforts with guidance of computational tools were found to be beneficial for further development of the new heat resistant steel alloys for various extreme environments.
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Uozato, S., K. Nakata, and M. Ushio. "Development of Ferrous Powder Thermal Spray Coatings on Cylnder Bore in Diesel Engine." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0290.

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Abstract Aluminum alloy has been gradually utilized in cylinder block instead of ferrous casting material for weight reduction in automobile industry these days. In order to acquire more weight reduction, a new liner-less technology - without cast iron liner used - is putting into practice in the fields of aluminum cylinder block and the target is for diesel engine. However, diesel fuel's impurity "sulfur" element and corrosive attack risk, such as sulfuric acid generated to the surface of liner is higher than gasoline fuel. Because of such disadvantage, wear and corrosion resistances applied to the inner cylinder-bore are required in order to achieve this liner-less aluminum cylinder block. This research is intended to accomplish both wear and corrosion performances using plasma thermal spray technology and to verify the feasibility of application to actual engine bore. A newly-developed ferrous powder (Fe-C-Ni-Cr-Cu-V-B alloy) revealed extremely excellent corrosion and wear resistances, compared with currently used bulk casting materials such as Fe-C-Si-B alloy and Fe-C-Si-Mo-B alloy for cylinder liner. For the last time, the new ferrous alloy powder was applied to actual engine bore by using Rota-Plasma spray coating. The experimental results with engine bore presented potential equivalent to current engine bore.
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Varis, T., J. Lagerbom, T. Suhonen, S. Terho, J. Laurila, and P. Vuoristo. "On the Applicability of Iron-Based Alloy Coatings to Different Wear Conditions." In ITSC2022. DVS Media GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2022p0543.

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Abstract Iron-based coatings are often considered as replacement of hard chromium and WC-Co, as they pose lower health and environmental impact. In many cases the combination of mechanical and chemical properties of ferrous based alloys may be satisfactory and their relatively low cost make these coatings an interesting candidate for many applications. This study is inspired by opportunities to harden the ferrous base materials by strain hardening, solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and precipitation hardening. Already commercially available Fe-based coating materials with precipitates of mixed carbides and borides in the metastable austenitic matrix achieve a high hardness. In this study the cavitation erosion and abrasion resistance of various Fe-based coatings produced by HVAF and HVOF processes were investigated. Two experimental precipitation containing materials were prepared, and the sprayed coatings were tested for abrasive and cavitation erosion wear. In addition to precipitations, the importance of proportion of ferrite and retained austenite phases were studied by affecting the microstructure by heat treatments as the ability of different phases to affect hardening and ductility may become crucial in generating desired material properties. The properties of experimental and some commercial Fe-based alloys are compared with WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings by property mapping.
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Reports on the topic "FERROUS ALLOY"

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Melton and Bertaso. L52016 Active Flux GTAW Welding Process for Carbon Steel Line Pipe Applications - Phase 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010376.

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The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process has been used for many years in the joining of carbon steel, alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys. Its capacity to deposit an external root, the ability to choose filler metals for a wide variety of base metals, and its favorable deposition characteristics make this a versatile process which is associated with low defect susceptibility, and excellent weld metal properties. Unfortunately, the GTAW process has not historically been associated with high productivity rates. Past efforts to enhance productivity through "hot wire" technology have improved the GTAW process markedly. Nevertheless, even with "hot wire"technology, the establishment of a GTAW root pass has not been considered competitive with existing GMAW mechanized processes. The objective of this project is to optimize the productivity of the GTAW process for girth welding of pipelines using activating fluxes.
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Hackenberg, Robert E. The Historical Development of Phase Transformations Understanding in Ferrous Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068211.

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Qu, Jun, and Yan Zhou. Compatibility of Anti-Wear Additives with Non-Ferrous Engine Bearing Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342689.

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Lesuer, D., and T. E. McGreevy. Manufacturing and Characterization of Ultra Pure Ferrous Alloys Final Report CRADA No. TC02069.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1396193.

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Patchett, B. M., and A. C. Bicknell. L51706 Higher-Strength SMAW Filler Metals. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010418.

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The welding of high strength steels in general, and for pipeline fabrication in particular, has shown that cracking due to hydrogen absorption during welding is more complex in these steels than in older, lower strength steels. In older steels, primary strengthening was accomplished with carbon, which caused hydrogen cracking in the base metal HAZ under reasonably predictable conditions involving microstructure, residual stress and hydrogen level. Pipeline steels were and are in the vanguard of change in strengthening philosophy. The change involves two areas of steel making, chemical composition and deformation processing. Pipeline steels now contain low carbon levels, in many cases less than 0.10%, and the resulting lack of strength is reclaimed by adding higher alloy levels to promote solution hardening (e.g. Mn), precipitation hardening (e.g. Cb, Cu) or transformation hardening (e.g. MO). In addition, alloy elements are added to improve toughness at high strength levels (e.g. Ni). At the same time, improvements have been made in reducing impurity and residual element levels, notably for S, P and O and N. Limitations on the effects of alloying additions on strength and toughness encouraged the use of deformation processing, primarily during rolling, to promote fine-grained microstructures to increase strength andtoughness simultaneously. Electrodes for the SMAW process have been developed for welding high-strength pipeline steels by using core wires made from high-strength microalloyed skelp extruded with cellulosic (Exx10) and low hydrogen (Exx16) flux coatings. The required alloy elements for high-strength deposits were therefore obtained from the core wire and not ferroalloy powders added to the flux, as is standard industrial practice. The idea behind this change was two fold: to avoid the possibility of introducing impurities from the varying sources of ferro alloy powders, including oxygen from the oxidized powder surfaces, and also to provide a closer match of the microalloy level to modern pipeline steel chemistries. The unknowns in this work were the effects of lower impurities/similar alloy content on the mechanical properties in the cast microstructure of a weld, compared to a pipe, and of the effect on electrode welding behaviour of a flux containing no ferro powders other than FeSi.
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Guo, Junpeng, Karen Lynn McDaniel, Jeremy Andrew Palmer, Pin Yang, Michelle Lynn Griffith, Gregory Allen Vawter, Marc F. Harris, David Robert Tallant, Ting Shan Luk, and George Robert Burns. Microfabrication with femtosecond laser processing : (A) laser ablation of ferrous alloys, (B) direct-write embedded optical waveguides and integrated optics in bulk glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920737.

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Ricker, Richard E. DTRS56-04-X-0025 Pipeline Steel Corrosion Data from NBS Studies 1922-1940. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011874.

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Between 1911 and 1984, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) conducted a large number of corrosion studies that included the measurement of corrosion damage to samples exposed to real-world environments. One of these studies was an investigation conducted between 1922 and 1940 into the corrosion of bare steel and wrought iron pipes buried underground at 47 different sites representing different soil types across the United States. At the start of this study, very little was known about the corrosion of ferrous alloys underground. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if coatings would be required to prevent corrosion, and (ii) if soil properties could be used to predict corrosion and determine when coatings would be required. While this study determined very quickly that coatings would be required for some soils, it found that the results were so divergent that even generalities based on this data must be drawn with care. The investigators concluded that so many diverse factors influence corrosion rates underground that planning of proper tests and interpretation of the results were matters of considerable difficulty and that quantitative interpretations or extrapolations could be done "only in approximate fashion" and attempted only in the "restricted area" of the tests until more complete information is available. Following the passage of the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act in 2002 and at the urging of the pipeline industry, the Office of Pipeline Safety of the U.S. Department of Transportation approached the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NBS became NIST in 1988) and requested that the data from this study be reexamined to determine if the information handling and analysis capabilities of modern computers and software could enable the extraction of more meaningful information from these data.
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Norfleet, Quickel, and Beavers. PR-186-12204-R02 Guidelines on the Effects of Ethanol on Pump Stations and Terminal Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010673.

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Ethanol has been used for the last several years as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), which is an oxygenate additive to gasoline, to increase octane levels, and to facilitate the combustion process. However, the need to find alternatives to imported oil and gas has spurred the increased use of ethanol as an alternative fuel source. Further, ethanol is being promoted as a potential trade-off for CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels since CO2 is consumed by the plants used as the ethanol source. Legislation mandates a significant increase in ethanol usage as fuel over the next twenty years. The widespread use of ethanol will require efficient and reliable transportation from diverse ethanol producers to distribution terminals. Pipelines are, by far, the most cost-effective means of transporting large quantities of liquid hydrocarbons over long distances. For transporting ethanol, both existing pipeline infrastructure and new pipeline construction are being contemplated. In companion PRCI projects, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of pipeline steels and the performance of select elastomer seals/gaskets have been studied in fuel grade ethanol (FGE). The SCC study not only included piping grade steel, but also a cast steel that could be used in pumps. Many of the issues related to corrosion of pipeline steels have been resolved in these projects. However, to address completely the effect of ethanol and gasoline-ethanol blends in pipeline systems, investigation of the effects of ethanol on other components, such as pumps, valves, screens, springs, and metering devices was required. These components have different materials (e.g., non-ferrous alloys), different types of loading, and different exposure conditions. This report serves as a guidance document for identifying and selecting appropriate materials of construction that are exposed to ethanol and ethanol blends pumped and stored at pump stations and terminal facilities. The guidelines provided in this document are a culmination of knowledge gained from industry surveys, literature reviews, long-term testing programs, and past performance.
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Research Department - Balance of Payments - Obsolete Files - Blockade - Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys - 1936 - 1939. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/14152.

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