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Journal articles on the topic 'Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Srivastava, Vijay, and Kanwal Preet Bhatti. "Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Heusler Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.189.

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Although Heusler alloys have been known for more than a century, but since the last decade there has been a quantum jump in research in this area. Heusler alloys show remarkable properties, such as ferromagnetic shape memory effect, magnetocaloric effect, half metallicity, and most recently it has been shown that it can be used for direct conversion of heat into electricity. Heusler alloys Ni-Mn-Z (Z=Ga, Al, In, Sn, Sb), show a reversible martensitic transformation and unusual magnetic properties. Other classes of intermetallic Heusler alloy families that are half metallic (such as the half Heusler alloys Ni-Mn-Sb and the full Heusler alloy Co2MnGe) are attractive because of their high Curie temperature and structural similarity to binary semiconductors. Unlike Ni-Mn-Ga, Ni-Mn-In and Ni-Mn-Sn transform from ferromagnetic austenite to non-ferromagnetic martensite. As is consistent with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the martensitic phase transformation can be manipulated by a magnetic field, leading to possible applications of these materials enabling the magnetic shape memory effect, energy conversion and solid state refrigeration. In this paper, we summarize the salient features of Heusler alloys, like the structure, magnetic properties and potential application of this family of alloys in industry.

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2

Kamashev А. А., Garif’yanov N. N., Validov A. A., Fominov Ya. V., and Garifullin I. A. "Superconducting spin-valve effect in heterostructures with ferromagnetic Heusler alloy layers." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 9 (2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.09.54151.18hh.

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The transport properties of two types of spin valves are analyzed, in which the Heusler alloy Co2Cr1-xFexAly was used as one of the two ferromagnetic layers in the F1/F2/S structures. The Heusler alloy layer was used: 1) as a weak ferromagnet, in the case of the F2 layer; 2) as a halfmetal, in the case of the F1 layer. In the first case, a large classical effect of the superconducting spin valve Delta Tc was obtained, which was facilitated by a significant triplet contribution to the effect of the superconducting spin valve Delta Tctrip. In the second case, a gigantic effect value Delta Tctrip was found reaching 0.5 K. Keywords: superconductivity, ferromagnetism, thin films, superconducting spin valve.

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3

Sakon, Takuo, Yuhi Hayashi, Akihito Fukuya, Dexin Li, Fuminori Honda, Rie Umetsu, Xiao Xu, Gendo Oomi, Takeshi Kanomata, and Tetsujiro Eto. "Investigation of the Itinerant Electron Ferromagnetism of Ni2+xMnGa1−x and Co2VGa Heusler Alloys." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040575.

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Experimental investigations into the field dependence of magnetization and temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility in Ni2+xMnGa1−x (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04) and Co2VGa Heusler alloy ferromagnets were performed following the spin fluctuation theory of itinerant ferromagnetism, called as “Takahashi theory”. We investigated the magnetic field dependence of magnetization at the Curie temperature TC, which is the critical temperature of the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition, and also at T = 5 K, which concerns the ground state of the ferromagnetic state. The field dependence of the magnetization was analyzed by means of the H vs. M5 dependence, and the field dependence of the ground state at 5 K was investigated by means of an Arrott plot (H/M vs. M2) according to the Takahashi theory. As for Ni2+xMnGa1−x, the spin fluctuation parameter in k-space (momentum space, TA) and that in energy space (T0) obtained at TC and 5 K were almost the same. On the contrary, as for Co2VGa, the H vs. M5 dependence was not shown at TC. We obtained TA and T0 by means of an Arrott plot at 5 K. We created a generalized Rhodes–Wohlfarth plot of peff/pS versus TC/T0 for the other ferromagnets. The plot indicated that the relationship between peff/pS and T0/TC followed Takahashi’s theory. We also discussed the spontaneous magnetic moment at the ground state, pS, which was obtained by an Arrott plot at 5 K and the high temperature magnetic moment, pC, at the paramagnetic phase. As for the localized ferromagnet, the pC/pS was 1. As for weak ferromagnets, the pC/pS was larger than 1. In contrast, the pC/pS was smaller than 1 by many Heusler alloys. This is a unique property of Heusler ferromagnets. Half-metallic ferromagnets of Co2VGa and Co2MnGa were in accordance with the generalized Rhodes–Wohlfarth plot with a km around 1.4. The magnetic properties of the itinerant electron of these two alloys appeared in the majority bands and was confirmed by Takahashi’s theory.

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4

Planes, Antoni, and Lluís Mañosa. "Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys." Materials Science Forum 512 (April 2006): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.512.145.

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The magnetic shape-memory effect is a consequence of the coupling between magnetism and structure in ferromagnetic alloys undergoing a martensitic transformation. In these materials large reversible strains can be magnetically induced by the rearrangement of the martensitic twin-variant structure. Several Heusler and intermetallic alloys have been studied in connec- tion with this property. In this paper we will focus on the Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy which is considered to be the prototypical magnetic shape-memory alloy. After a brief summary of the general properties of this class of materials, we will present recent results of relevance for the understanding of the effect of magnetism on the martensitic transformation. Finally, we will discuss the requirements for the occurrence of the magnetic shape-memory effect.

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5

Kuzma, Marian, Wojciech Maziarz, and Ireneusz Stefaniuk. "Magnetic transformation in Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloy." Nukleonika 60, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0077.

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Abstract Magnetic properties of a Ni50Mn35.5In14.5 Heusler ribbon were studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range of 335–100 K. In the temperature region of 265–170 K, the FMR signal disappeared, in spite of the fact that this region comprised the main crystal transformation temperatures: Ms, Mf, As, Af. In the austenite crystal state, a weak antiferromagnetic interaction was observed, whereas ferromagnetism was detected in the low temperature martensitic state.

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6

Miyadai, Tomonao, Tadashi Sekiguchi, Akira Shinogi, and Keizo Endo. "Ferromagnetic Resonance in a Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloy Co2TiAl." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54, no. 4 (April 15, 1985): 1650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.54.1650.

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7

Oogane, M., and S. Mizukami. "Tunnel magnetoresistance effect and magnetic damping in half-metallic Heusler alloys." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1948 (August 13, 2011): 3037–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0011.

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Some full-Heusler alloys, such as Co 2 MnSi and Co 2 MnGe, are expected to be half-metallic ferromagnetic material, which has complete spin polarization. They are the most promising materials for realizing half-metallicity at room temperature owing to their high Curie temperature. We demonstrate a huge tunnel magnetoresistance effect in a magnetic tunnel junction using a Co 2 MnSi Heusler alloy electrode. This result proves high spin polarization of the Heusler alloy. We also demonstrate a small magnetic damping constant in Co 2 FeAl epitaxial film. The very high spin polarization and small magnetic constant of Heusler alloys will be a great advantage for future spintronic device applications.

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8

Wen, Zhenchao, Zhiyong Qiu, Sebastian Tölle, Cosimo Gorini, Takeshi Seki, Dazhi Hou, Takahide Kubota, Ulrich Eckern, Eiji Saitoh, and Koki Takanashi. "Spin-charge conversion in NiMnSb Heusler alloy films." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaaw9337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9337.

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Half-metallic Heusler alloys are attracting considerable attention because of their unique half-metallic band structures, which exhibit high spin polarization and yield huge magnetoresistance ratios. Besides serving as ferromagnetic electrodes, Heusler alloys also have the potential to host spin-charge conversion. Here, we report on the spin-charge conversion effect in the prototypical Heusler alloy NiMnSb. An unusual charge signal was observed with a sign change at low temperature, which can be manipulated by film thickness and ordering structure. It is found that the spin-charge conversion has two contributions. First, the interfacial contribution causes a negative voltage signal, which is almost constant versus temperature. The second contribution is temperature dependent because it is dominated by minority states due to thermally excited magnons in the bulk part of the film. This work provides a pathway for the manipulation of spin-charge conversion in ferromagnetic metals by interface-bulk engineering for spintronic devices.

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9

Ahamed, Riaz, Reza Ghomashchi, Zonghan Xie, and Lei Chen. "Powder Metallurgy Synthesis of Heusler Alloys: Effects of Process Parameters." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101596.

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Ni45Co5Mn40Sn10 Heusler alloy was fabricated with elemental powders, using a powder processing route of press and sinter, in place of vacuum induction melting or arc melting route. The effects of process parameters, such as compaction load, sintering time, and temperature, on the transformation characteristics and microstructures of the alloy were investigated. While the effect of compaction pressure was not significant, those of sintering time and temperature are important in causing or annulling martensitic transformation, which is characteristic of Heusler alloys. The processing condition of 1050 °C/24 h was identified to be favorable in producing ferromagnetic Heusler alloy. Longer durations of sintering resulted in an increased γ-phase fraction, which acts as an impediment to the structural transformation.

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10

Камашев, А. А., Н. Н. Гарифьянов, А. А. Валидов, Я. В. Фоминов, and И. А. Гарифуллин. "Эффект сверхпроводящего спинового клапана в структурах со слоями ферромагнитного сплава Гейслера." Физика твердого тела 64, no. 9 (2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2022.09.52806.18hh.

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The transport properties of two types of spin valves are analyzed, in which the Heusler alloy Co2Cr1-xFexAly was used as one of the two ferromagnetic layers in the F1/F2/S structures. The Heusler alloy layer was used: 1) as a weak ferromagnet, in the case of the F2 layer; 2) as a halfmetal, in the case of the F1 layer. In the first case, a large classical effect of the superconducting spin valve ΔTc was obtained, which was facilitated by a significant triplet contribution to the effect of the superconducting spin valve ΔTctrip. In the second case, a gigantic effect value ΔTctrip was found reaching 0.5 K.

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11

Benichou, Boucif, Zakia Nabi, Badra Bouabdallah, and Halima Bouchenafa. "Structural, elastic, electronic and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler alloy Cu2MnSi1-xAlx (x = 0 - 1): First-principles study." Revista Mexicana de Física 64, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.64.135.

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We investigate the structural, elastic, electronic and magnetic properties of the Heusler compounds Cu2MnSi, Cu2MnAl and Cu2MnSi1-xAlx quaternary alloys, using the full-potential linear-augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW) in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE). Our results provide predictions for the quaternary alloy Cu2MnSi1-xAlx (x = 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5) in which no experimental or theoretical data are currently available. We calculate the ground state’s properties of Cu2MnSi1-xAlx alloys for both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic configurations, which lead to ferromagnetic and metallic compounds. Also, the calculations of the elastic constants and the elastic moduli parameters show that these quaternary Heusler alloys are ductile and anisotropic.

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12

Han, Hong Pei. "Magnetic Material Based on Full-Heusler Alloy Co₂CrGa." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.598.

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By means of the full potential linearized augmented plane-wave method based on the first-principle study, we calculate the structure, electronic and magnetic properties of full-Heusler alloy Co2CrGa. Our results show that full-Heusler alloy Co2CrGa is ferromagnetic ground state with a magnetic moment of 3.03774μBper formula unit. Importantly, the calculated spin polarization around the Fermi level is very high up to 93.2%, which indicates that full-Heusler alloy Co2CrGa would be possibly applied to the field of the material engineering and spintronic devices.

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13

Nakata, J., M. Oogane, H. Kubota, Y. Ando, H. Kato, and T. Miyazaki. "Ferromagnetic Tunnel Junctions Using Co2MnAl Heusler Alloy." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 28, no. 4 (2004): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.28.573.

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14

Kanomata, T., Y. Amako, Y. Ida, Y. Adachi, T. Osaki, T. Eto, H. Nishihara, I. Shigeta, S. Imada, and M. Doi. "Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2ZrSn." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 164 (May 2022): 110635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110635.

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15

Kanomata, T., H. Nishihara, T. Osaki, M. Doi, T. Sakon, Y. Adachi, T. Kihara, K. Obara, and T. Shishido. "Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2NbGa." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 503 (June 2020): 166604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.166604.

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16

Kanomata, T., T. Sasaki, H. Nishihara, H. Yoshida, T. Kaneko, S. Hane, T. Goto, N. Takeishi, and S. Ishida. "Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2ZrAl." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 393, no. 1-2 (May 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.09.071.

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17

Kamashev, Andrey A., Aidar A. Validov, Joachim Schumann, Vladislav Kataev, Bernd Büchner, Yakov V. Fominov, and Ilgiz A. Garifullin. "Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (June 12, 2018): 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.167.

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We have studied superconducting properties of spin-valve thin-layer heterostructures CoO x /F1/Cu/F2/Cu/Pb in which the ferromagnetic F1 layer was made of Permalloy while for the F2 layer we have taken a specially prepared film of the Heusler alloy Co2Cr1− x Fe x Al with a small degree of spin polarization of the conduction band. The heterostructures demonstrate a significant superconducting spin-valve effect, i.e., a complete switching on and off of the superconducting current flowing through the system by manipulating the mutual orientations of the magnetization of the F1 and F2 layers. The magnitude of the effect is doubled in comparison with the previously studied analogous multilayers with the F2 layer made of the strong ferromagnet Fe. Theoretical analysis shows that a drastic enhancement of the switching effect is due to a smaller exchange field in the heterostructure coming from the Heusler film as compared to Fe. This enables to approach an almost ideal theoretical magnitude of the switching in the Heusler-based multilayer with a F2 layer thickness of ca. 1 nm.

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18

Giurlani, Walter, Martina Vizza, Federico Pizzetti, Marco Bonechi, Matteo Savastano, Lorenzo Sorace, Andrea Stefani, Claudio Fontanesi, and Massimo Innocenti. "Magnetic Field Effect on the Handedness of Electrodeposited Heusler Alloy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 5640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115640.

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Magneto-electrochemistry (MEC) experiments were carried out in the electrodeposition of a ferromagnetic Heusler alloy. The electrodeposition was carried out in the absence (as a reference) and in the presence of a magnetic field that was applied perpendicularly to the electrode–solution interface. The obtained metallic deposit was characterized by SEM-EDS, XRF, and XRD techniques. The ferromagnetic properties are assessed on the basis of SQUID measurements. The experimental results indicate that the influence of the presence of the magnetic field induces differences in the electrochemical measurements and a macroscopic handedness (chirality) in the deposit, which is a function of magnet orientation. Eventually, the coercivity of the Heusler alloy that was obtained in the presence of the magnetic field was larger compared to that of the deposit that was obtained without a magnetic field.

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19

Veres, Zsolt, and András Roósz. "Producing of Singlecrystal from Heusler Alloy." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.171.

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The Heusler alloy is a ferromagnetic compound (Cu2MnAl), that is suitable for the simultaneous monochromatization and polarization of the neutron beam in the form of singlecrystal. The prespecimen were cast in shell-sand or permanent steel moulds, then they were resolidified in crucibles of different size and material in the Universal Multi-zone Crystallizer (UMC) developed in the Institute of Material Sciences of Miskolc University. The solidified samples were investigated by means of a light microscope, electron microscope, energy disperse microprobe, X-ray diffraction as well as neutron scattering experiments.

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20

Xu, X. G., D. L. Zhang, X. Q. Li, J. Bao, Y. Jiang, and M. B. A. Jalil. "Synthetic antiferromagnet with Heusler alloy Co2FeAl ferromagnetic layers." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 12 (December 15, 2009): 123902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3271352.

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21

Chibueze, T. C., C. E. Ekuma, A. T. Raji, D. P. Rai, and C. M. I. Okoye. "Ferromagnetic half-metallicity in half-Heusler AuMnSn:Te Alloy." Materials Research Express 7, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): 076519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab88ff.

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22

Lee, Gahee, I. G. Kim, J. I. Lee, and Y. R. Jang. "Magnetic properties of a ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co2MnSn." physica status solidi (b) 241, no. 7 (June 2004): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200304522.

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23

Adachi, Y., H. Morita, T. Kanomata, H. Yanagihashi, H. Yoshida, T. Kaneko, H. Fukumoto, H. Nishihara, M. Yamada, and T. Goto. "Pressure effects of the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Rh2NiGe." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 419, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.09.066.

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24

Huang, Haishen, Kun Yang, Wan Zhao, Tingyan Zhou, Xiude Yang, and Bo Wu. "High-Pressure-Induced Transition from Ferromagnetic Semiconductor to Spin Gapless Semiconductor in Quaternary Heusler Alloy VFeScZ (Z = Sb, As, P)." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142859.

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In this paper, the structure and the electronic and magnetic properties of VFeScZ (Z = Sb, As, P) series alloys are systematically studied based on the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) calculation within the first-principles density functional theory. The results showed that VFeScSb and VFeScP are ferromagnetic semiconductors and VFeScAs exhibits half-metallic ferromagnetism under zero pressure. As the pressure increases, the narrow indirect gap of VFeScZ (Z = Sb, As, P) alloy gradually decreases, and gets close to zero, leading to spin gapless semiconductor (SGS) transition. The pressure phase transition point of VFeScSb, VFeScAs, and VFeScP alloy is 132 GPa, 58 GPa, and 32 GPa, respectively. As a result, the pressure effect provides an opportunity to tune the electronic properties of the alloys by external pressure. The present findings provide a technical method for us to actually use the Heusler alloy SGS.

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25

Rotjanapittayakul, Worasak, Thomas Archer, Stefano Sanvito, and Wanchai Pijitrojana. "A First Principle Study of the Massive TMR in Magnetic Tunnel Junction Using Fe₃Al Heusler Alloy Electrodes and MgO Barrier." Advanced Materials Research 1101 (April 2015): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1101.192.

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The massive tunnel magnetoresistane (TMR) is expected when Fe3Al Heusler alloy are used for magnetic electrodes in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). We demonstrate the Fe3Al/MgO/Fe3Al MTJ, which have good lattice matching interfaces. The electronic and transport properties of these system are systematically investigated by first principle calculation. The electronic band structure of Fe3Al Heusler alloy and MgO are represented for discussion spin filtering effect. Besides, the transmission conductance is calculated to study the spin tunneling effect. We found that the massive TMR is clearly achieved at zero-bias condition, and the TMR is decreased when the finite bias are applied. Thus, among ferromagnetic materials, the Fe3Al Heusler alloy will be good alternative to bcc-Fe based electrodes with MgO barrier for the MTJs beyond.

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26

Fang, Yue, Yu Ting Dai, Zhi Shuai Xu, and Hong Xing Zheng. "Phase Transition Behavior and Magnetocaloric Effect in a Heusler Ni₅₀Mn₃₇Sn₁₃ Unidirectional Crystal." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.759.

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A unidireon heating, followed with a ferromagnetic- paramagnetic transition in austenite for the produced unidirectional crystal. Under a magnetic field change of 3 T, the total effective refrigeration capacity was strikingly enhanced up to 125 J/kg, nearly 64% higher than that of polycrystalline master alloy ctional crystal of Heusler Ni50Mn37Sn13 material was produced using a modified high-pressure optical zone-melting furnace. A structural transformation between weak-magnetization martensite and ferromagnetic austenite occurred first up(76 J/kg). The modified high-pressure optical zone-melting technique demonstrated high potentials for the fabrication of super-performance Heusler Ni-Mn-based magnetocaloric materials.

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Veres, Zsolt, and András Roósz. "Producing a Heusler Alloy Single Crystal." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.125.

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The Heusler alloy Cu2MnAl is a ferromagnetic compound that is in the form of a single crystal suitable for the simultaneous monochromatization and polarization of a neutron beam. Our purpose is to produce such a monochromator. Pre-cast polycrystalline samples were resolidified in crucibles made of different materials with different sizes in the Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC) developed in the Institute of Material Sicence at University of Miskolc. Single crystals were obtained as a result of the resolidification. The quality of the single crystals was verified with neutron diffraction, then the ones having suitable quality were oriented crystallographically by using the Laue method. By using the spark machining method, seed crystals with suitable orientation were cut from the single crystals, and oriented single crystals will be grown from them.

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Sakon, Takuo, Koki Morikawa, Yasuo Narumi, Masayuki Hagiwara, Takeshi Kanomata, Hiroyuki Nojiri, and Yoshiya Adachi. "Magnetostriction of Heusler Ferromagnetic Alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, around Martensitic Transition Temperature." Metals 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13071185.

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In this study, magnetostriction measurements were performed on the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, which is characterized by the occurrence of the martensitic phase and ferromagnetic transitions at the same temperature. In the austenite and martensite phases, the alloy crystallizes in the L21 and D022-like crystal structure, respectively. As the crystal structure changes at the martensitic transition temperature (TM), a large magnetostriction due to the martensitic and ferromagnetic transitions induced by magnetic fields is expected to occur. First, magnetization (M-H) measurements are performed, and metamagnetic transitions are observed in the magnetic field of μ0H = 4 T at 344 K. This result shows that the phase transition was induced by the magnetic field under a constant temperature. Forced magnetostriction measurements (ΔL/L) are then performed under a constant temperature and atmospheric pressure (P = 0.1 MPa). Magnetostriction up to 1300 ppm is observed around TM. The magnetization results and magnetostriction measurements showed the occurrence of the magnetic-field-induced strain from the paramagnetic austenite phase to the ferromagnetic martensite phase. As a reference sample, we measure the magnetostriction of the Ni2MnGa-type (Ni50Mn30Ga20) alloy, which causes the martensite phase transition at TM = 315 K. The measurement of magnetostriction at room temperature (298 K) showed a magnetostriction of 3300 ppm. The magnetostriction of Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12 is observed to be one-third that of Ni50Mn30Ga20 but larger than that of Terfenol-D (800 ppm), which is renowned as the giant magnetostriction alloy.

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29

Rahmoune, M., A. Chahed, A. Amar, H. Rozale, A. Lakdja, O. Benhelal, and A. Sayede. "The effect of pressure and alloying on half-metallicity of quaternary Heusler compounds CoMnYZ (Z = Al, Ga, and In)." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0120.

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AbstractIn this work, first-principles calculations of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Heusler alloys CoMnYAl, CoMnYGa and CoMnYIn are presented. The full potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT) has been applied. The structural results showed that CoMnYZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) compounds in the stable structure of type 1+FM were true half-metallic (HM) ferromagnets. The minority (half-metallic) band gaps were found to be 0.51 (0.158), 0.59 (0.294), and 0.54 (0.195) eV for Z = Al, Ga, and In, respectively. The characteristics of energy bands and origin of minority band gaps were also studied. In addition, the effect of volumetric and tetragonal strain on HM character was studied. We also investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the doped Heusler alloys CoMnYGa1−xAlx, CoMnYAl1−xInx and CoMnYGa1−xInx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1). The composition dependence of the lattice parameters obeys Vegard’s law. All alloy compositions exhibit HM ferromagnetic behavior with a high Curie temperature (TC).

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30

Han, Hong Pei. "Ferromagnetic Material of the Nearly Half-Metallic Alloy Co₂TiGa." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.590.

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The structure, electronic and magnetic properties of full-Heusler alloy Co2TiGa are investigated by means of the full potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Our results show that the ground state of Co2TiGa is of the nearly half-metallic ferromagnetism with a magnetic moment of 1.00218μBper unit cell, which are contributed by the atoms Co and Ti. Meanwhile, the spin polarization around the Fermi level is up to 93.2%, almost 100%, which indicates that full-Heusler alloy Co2TiGa with the well magnetism and spin polarization would be possibly applied to the field of the material engineering and information technology.

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31

Gharbi, F. N., I. E. Rabah, M. Rabah, H. Rached, D. Rached, N. Benkhettou, and F. Boukabrine. "Theoretical Studies of the Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the CoFeCeZ (Z = P, As and Sb) Quaternary Heusler Alloys." SPIN 10, no. 01 (December 23, 2019): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324720500022.

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In this paper, we investigate the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of CoFeCrZ ([Formula: see text], As,Sb) quaternary Heusler alloy, using the first-principles full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) method within the spin gradient generalized approximation (GGA) for the exchange and correlation potential. Our results demonstrate that in ferromagnetic phase, the all alloys CoFeCrZ are stable in type-1 configuration and are half-metallic ferromagnets (HMF) with gaps of 0.99[Formula: see text]eV, 0.57[Formula: see text]eV and 0.70[Formula: see text]Ev, respectively. The obtained negative formation energy shows that CoFeCrZ alloys have strong structural stability. The calculated total magnetic moment, [Formula: see text] for all alloys exhibit Slater-Pauling rule, [Formula: see text]. At zero pressure, the three alloys shown 100% spin-polarization at Fermi–level [Formula: see text] with high Curie temperatures [Formula: see text]. Our calculation indicate also that the half-metallicity and high magnetic moment of CoFeCrP, CoFeCrAs and CoFeCrSb are robust against the lattice compression (up to 7.80%, 5.40% and 11%, respectively). On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the CoFeCrZ Heusler could be suitable for spintronics devices applications.

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32

Sakon, Takuo, Junya Yamazaki, Takumi Komori, Takeshi Kanomata, Yasuo Narumi, Masayuki Hagiwara, Hiroyuki Nojiri, and Yoshiya Adachi. "The Forced Magnetostrictions and Magnetic Properties of Ni2MnX (X = In, Sn) Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloys." Materials 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092017.

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Experimental studies into the forced magnetostriction, magnetization, and temperature dependence of permeability in Ni2MnIn and Ni2MnSn ferromagnetic Heusler alloys were performed according to the spin fluctuation theory of itinerant ferromagnetism proposed by Takahashi. We investigated the magnetic field (H) dependence of magnetization (M) at the Curie temperature TC, and at T = 4.2 K, which concerns the ground state of the ferromagnetic state. The M-H result at TC was analyzed by means of the H versus M5 dependence. At 4.2 K, it was investigated by means of an Arrott plot (H/M vs. M2) according to Takahashi’s theory. As for Ni2MnIn and Ni2MnSn, the spin fluctuation parameters in k-space (momentum space, TA) and that in energy space (frequency space, T0) obtained at TC and 4.2 K were almost the same. The average values obtained at TC and 4.2 K were TA = 342 K, T0 = 276 K for Ni2MnIn and TA = 447 K, T0 = 279 K for Ni2MnSn, respectively. The forced magnetostriction at TC was also investigated. The forced linear magnetostriction (ΔL/L) and the forced volume magnetostriction (ΔV/V) were proportional to M4, which followed Takahashi’s theory. We compared the forced volume magnetostriction ΔV/V and mechanical parameter, bulk modulus K. ΔV/V is inversely proportional to K. We also discuss the spin polarization of Ni2MnIn and other magnetic Heusler alloys. The pC/pS of Ni2MnIn was 0.860. This is comparable with that of Co2MnGa, which is a famous half-metallic alloy.

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33

Macovei, Dan, and Felicia Tolea. "Long- and short-range order in the Ni52Co2Fe20Ga26 ferromagnetic Heusler alloy." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 1207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721006415.

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The crystalline structure and Fe local environment in a Co-doped Ni–Fe–Ga Heusler alloy, prepared by the melt-spinning technique, were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EXAFS at room and low temperatures. The characteristic temperatures of the austenite–martensite phase transitions were determined by differential scanning calorimetry via cooling and heating cycles of the alloy ribbons. As shown by room-temperature XRD, the austenitic phase of the alloy has the chemically ordered L21 Heusler structure. This was confirmed by EXAFS, although this technique was not able to conclusively distinguish between the L21 and B2 structures of the austenite for the analyzed alloy. The low-temperature martensitic phase and its structural evolution towards austenite with increasing temperature were studied by high-energy X-ray diffraction, which evinced the martensite modulation. However, the Fe environment could be fitted by EXAFS with the tetragonal L10 structure of the non-modulated martensite. This proves that the martensite modulation has structural effects on a long-range scale, without significant changes in the short-range order around the atoms. The changes in the local structure around iron on martensitic transformation were correlated with changes in the electronic structure, described by XANES spectroscopy at the Fe K edge.

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34

Benichou, B., H. Bouchenafa, Z. Nabi, and And B. Bouabdallah. "Ab initio investigation of the electronic structure, elastic and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler alloy Cu2MnSn1-xInx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1)." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 5 Sept-Oct (September 2, 2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.468.

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Structural, elastic, electronic and magnetic properties of the quaternary Heusler alloys are calculated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and implemented in WIEN2k code. The exchange-correlation potential is evaluated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) parameterization. Our theoretically results provide predictions for the mixed in which no experimental and theoretical data are currently available. The lattice parameter and bulk modulus as well the elastic constants and their related elastic moduli for have been calculated. Also, the electronic properties including density of states and band structures indicate the metallic character for . Morever, this quaternary Heusler alloy is found to be ferromagnetic, ductile and anisotropic in nature.

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35

Wang, Ya Xin, and Tong Sheng Xia. "Spin Injection into Graphene from Heusler Alloy Co₂MnGe (111) Surface: A First Principles Study." Materials Science Forum 914 (February 2018): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.914.111.

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To obtain a larger spin signal for use in graphene-based spintronic devices, the spin injection efficiency needs to be enhanced. Previously researchers can increase the efficiency by inserting a tunnel barrier such as Al2O3or MgO between ferromagnet and graphene. However, the key value in spin transport is still very low because of the conductance mismatch as well as the limit to fabricate a high-quality tunnel barrier at the junction surface. Here we use a highly spin-polarized ferromagnetic material—Heusler alloy Co2MnGe as a substitutional scheme without the tunnel barrier. The spin injection efficiency of our Co2MnGe (111)/graphene junction can be as high as 73% which is much higher than 1% of ferromagnet/graphene or 30% of ferromagnet/oxide/graphene using first-principles study. The large spin polarization can be explicated by analyzing the transmission spectrum at the nonequilibrium state.

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36

Singh, R. K., M. Manivel Raja, P. Ghosal, and R. P. Mathur. "Effect of Mn Concentration on Magneto-mechnaical Properties in Directionally Solidified Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 4 (June 28, 2016): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.10214.

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Heusler type alloys Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x (x=2,3,4 and 5) based on near stoichiometric Ni2MnGa compositions were directionally solidified using modified Bridgman method. The alloys thus prepared were characterized for their chemical composition, crystal structure, microstructure, phase transformation, magnetic and magneto-mechanical properties. The directionally solidified Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy rod exhibited maximum magnetocrystalline value of 95 kJm-3 and lowest detwinning stresses for martensite phase of about 5MPa. The reversible room temperature magnetic field induced strain of 0.2% under external magnetic field of 0.6T and 0.05kN bias load was obtained for the directionally solidified Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy.

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37

Cai, Xin Le, Shan Dong Li, Mei Mei Liu, Jian Peng Wu, Yi Hu, Jie Qiu, and Jian Hua Lin. "Magnetoresistance and Exchange Bias Effect of (Co₂MnSi)_1-X-(NiO)_X Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.620.

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The (Co2MnSi)1-x-(NiO)x(x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) nanocomposites were fabricated by mechanical alloying using Co2MnSi Heusler alloy and NiO nanoparticles. It is revealed that antiferromagnetic NiO nanocrystallines dramatically enhances the magnetoresistance of the nanocomposites more than 20 times larger than that of the NiO-free Co2MnSi alloys at 300 K. The Exchange bias effect of the nanocomposites suggests that the spin-dependent tunneling and scattering at the interfaces of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic are responsible for the enhancement of the magnetoresistance.

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38

Yan, Hai Le, Zong Bin Li, Chun Yang Zhang, Yu Dong Zhang, Claude Esling, Xiang Zhao, and Liang Zuo. "The Phase Transformation and Magnetic Properties in Ni-Mn-In Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.54.

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The phase transformation and magnetic properties of Heusler-type Ni50Mn50-xInx(x=10~16) ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys have been systemically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and vibrating sample magnetometry. It is found that the phase transition temperatures show a linear relationship with the In concentration and the curie temperatures of austenite phases are not sensitive to the alloy composition. The existence of large magnetization change during the magneto-structural transition is the origin of magnetic-field-induced transformation effect.

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39

Özdemir, Evren G., and Semih Doğruer. "The electronic, half-metallic, elastic, and magnetic properties of new PtWZ (Z = In, Tl, Sn, and Pb) half-Heusler alloys via GGA and GGA+mBJ methods." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac3fcd.

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Abstract The first-principle calculations of PtWZ (Z = In, Tl, Sn, and Pb) half-Heusler alloys were calculated by WIEN2k for GGA and GGA+mBJ methods. First, the ferromagnetic (FM) phases were obtained more energetically stable than non-magnetic (NM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases in each alloy. The Curie temperatures of PtWIn, PtWTl, PtWSn, and PtWPb alloys were obtained as 286.98 K, 467.14 K, 721.98 K, and 1114.31 K, respectively, by utilizing the energy differences of the AFM and FM phases. In each method and alloy used, spin-up electrons showed metallic character. In the GGA method, PtW(In, Tl) alloys have direct band gaps of 0.72044 eV and 0.91488 eV in spin-down electrons, while PtW(Sn, Pb) alloys have indirect band gaps of 1.2558 eV and 1.11892 eV, respectively. In the GGA+mBJ method, the bandgap directions in all compounds remained the same. Here, band gaps in PtW(In, Tl, Sn, and Pb) alloys were obtained as 0.99918 eV, 1.15385 eV, 1.42676 eV, and 1.17497 eV, respectively. While the total magnetic moment values of PtW(In, Tl) half-Heusler alloys were obtained as 1.00 μ B/f.u., the total magnetic moments of PtW(Sn, Pb) alloys were obtained as 2.00 μ B/f.u. These results are in full agreement with the Slater-Pauling rule. According to elastic calculations, PtWIn, PtWTl, PtWSn, and PtWPb half-Heusler alloys are elastically stable and ductile.

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40

Yang, Bin, Zhinan Li, Fanghui Zhu, Liwu Jiang, and Chuan-Hui Zhang. "Martensitic transformation and magnetic properties in Pd2MnGa Heusler alloy by DFT study." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 07 (March 10, 2019): 1950074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491950074x.

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The electronic structure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of [Formula: see text] Heusler alloy were studied by first-principles calculations. It is found that the stable structure of austenitic [Formula: see text] is the ferromagnetic [Formula: see text] structure, and a martensitic transformation is possible to occur with the distortion degree of 1.26. By the analysis of the electronic structure, some results of magnetic moment are consistent with previous theoretical calculations.

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41

Samanta, Saheli, Subrata Ghosh, and Kalyan Mandal. "Observation of giant exchange bias effect in Ni–Mn–Ti all-d-metal Heusler alloy." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 10 (December 17, 2021): 105801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3e9b.

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Abstract We report a giant exchange bias (EB) field of about 3.68 kOe during field cooled process in all-d-metal Ni40(FeCo)4Mn36Ti20 Heusler alloy. The study of magnetic memory effect and isothermal magnetic relaxation processes suggest that the giant EB field arises due to the possible coexistence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phase exchange interaction in the studied system at temperatures below 35 K. Furthermore, the temperature and cooling field dependence of EB effect are analyzed which are related to the change in unidirectional anisotropy at FM/AFM interface. The study of a well-established training effect confirms the intrinsic nature of the observed EB behavior. This result will open up a new way toward the development of EB materials considering all-d-metal Heusler alloy systems.

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42

Sakon, T., Y. Hayashi, N. Fujimoto, T. Kanomata, H. Nojiri, and Y. Adachi. "Forced magnetostriction of ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Ni2MnGa at the Curie temperature." Journal of Applied Physics 123, no. 21 (June 7, 2018): 213902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5036558.

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43

Miyamoto, Kouji, Akio Kimura, Kazuyuki Iori, Kazuaki Sakamoto, Tian Xie, Tsutomu Moko, Shan Qiao, Masaki Taniguchi, and Koichi Tsuchiya. "Element-resolved magnetic moments of Heusler-type ferromagnetic ternary alloy Co2MnGe." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 48 (November 20, 2004): S5797—S5800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/051.

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44

Liu, Z. H., M. Zhang, Y. T. Cui, Y. Q. Zhou, W. H. Wang, G. H. Wu, X. X. Zhang, and Gang Xiao. "Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Ni2FeGa." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 3 (January 20, 2003): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1534612.

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45

Palanisamy, D., D. Raabe, and B. Gault. "Elemental segregation to twin boundaries in a MnAl ferromagnetic Heusler alloy." Scripta Materialia 155 (October 2018): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.06.037.

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46

Reiss, G., A. Hütten, S. Kämmerer, and J. Schmalhorst. "Co2MnSi as full Heusler alloy ferromagnetic electrode in magnetic tunneling junctions." physica status solidi (c) 3, no. 5 (May 2006): 1322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200563126.

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47

Kushwaha, Varun Kumar, Yuya Sakuraba, Tomoya Nakatani, Taisuke Sasaki, Ivan Kurniawan, Yoshio Miura, Hiroo Tajiri, and Kazuhiro Hono. "High L2₁-atomic ordering and spin-polarization in Co₂MnZ (Z = Ge, Sn) Heusler thin films with low-temperature annealing process." APL Materials 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 091119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117593.

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Although an enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) has been observed in many Co2-based Heusler alloys by promoting their structural ordering from B2 to L21 by post-annealing at higher temperatures ( Tann > 500 °C), it is desirable to search for other Heusler alloys that crystallize in L21-order below 300 °C, as the maximum Tann is restricted for processing devices. For Co2Mn Z ( Z = Ge, Sn) Heusler alloys, an L21-order is expected to appear even in the as-deposited state or by a low-temperature annealing process due to their very high L21 to B2-order transition temperature (>1500 K). Here, epitaxial Co2Mn Z films were grown on MgO (001) substrate at room temperature (RT) and post-annealed at Tann = 200–500 °C. Interestingly, as-sputtered films exhibit L21-ordering, which improves systematically upon increasing Tann. The spin-polarization of electric current ( β) was estimated at RT using nonlocal spin-valve (NLSV) devices by measuring the spin-accumulation signal in a copper (Cu) channel. It was found that at Tann = 300 °C, the β value of Co2MnGe films is higher (∼0.65) than that of Co2FeGe0.5Ga0.5 films due to a higher degree of L21-order, which makes the Co2MnGe alloy a promising ferromagnetic electrode for spintronic device applications.

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48

Singh, Mukhtiyar, Hardev S. Saini, and Manish K. Kashyap. "Mn-Disorder Effect on Magnetism and Half Metallicity of NiCoMnGa Quaternary Heusler Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.270.

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The full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) has been used to investigate the effect of disorder between Ni and Mn atoms on the electronic and magnetic properties of NiCoMnGa quaternary Heusler alloy. We observed that the increase in Mn concentration in NiCoMnGa destroys the half metallicity and decreases the total magnetic moment. Further, the disordered alloy exists in ferrimagnetic (FiM) ground state rather than ferromagnetic (FM) one of ordered system due to antiparallel alignment of extra Mn atom with respect to original Mn atom.

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49

Wu, Bo, Song Zhang, and Xiu De Yang. "Nonlinear Structural and Magnetic Transition in Co-Doped Fe₂VGa Heusler Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.452.

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By using local spin density approximation (LSDA) scheme within the density functional theory (DFT), the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of Heusler alloy Fe2V1-xCoxGa were comprehensively investigated. The results reveal that with the increase of Co-doped concentration, in Fe2V1-xCoxGa alloy, a nonmagnetic-ferromagnetic transition appears, and the nonlinearly structural and magnetic variation respectively against the linear Vegard law and Slater-Pauling rule are also detected. Further analysis of electronic structure reveals that both contributions from Fe-Co and Fe-V magnetic interaction in Fe2V1-xCoxGa alloy play a dominating role in determining the nonlinear magnetic and electronic behaviors.

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50

Jing, Chao, Ye Jun Yang, Dong Hua Yu, Zhe Li, Xiao Long Wang, Bao Juan Kang, Shi Xun Cao, Jin Cang Zhang, Jie Zhu, and Bo Lu. "Exchange Bias Properties in Bulk Ni₄₅Co₅Mn₃₈Sn₁₂ Heusler Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.272.

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We report the exchange bias properties in the bulk Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12quaternary Heusler alloy. The ferromagnetic (FM) –antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions get reinforced after the Co substitution for Ni in the Ni-Mn-Sn alloy, which increase the exchange bias field (HE). A maximum shift in hysteresis loops of 306 Oe was observed in the 10 kOe field cooled sample. The origin of this large exchange bias field has been discussed. Magnetic hysteresis loop obtained in the zero field cooled (ZFC) mode shows double-shifted loop, and the reason of this phenomenon has been explained in detail.

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