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Journal articles on the topic 'Ferromagnet survey'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Bergeret, F. S., A. F. Volkov, and K. B. Efetov. "Odd triplet superconductivity in superconductor ferromagnet structures: a survey." Applied Physics A 89, no. 3 (July 13, 2007): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4184-5.

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2

Xiao-an, Gu, Zeng Jin, and Shen Rong-ying. "Mathematical models arising from a survey of ferromagnetic materials under magnetisation." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 25, no. 9 (September 2004): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02438356.

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3

Rudowicz, C., and H. W. F. Sung. "Textbook treatments of the hysteresis loop for ferromagnets—Survey of misconceptions and misinterpretations." American Journal of Physics 71, no. 10 (October 2003): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1583696.

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4

L'vov, Victor A., and Volodymyr A. Chernenko. "Magnetic Anisotropy of Ferromagnetic Martensites." Materials Science Forum 684 (May 2011): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.684.31.

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The analytic survey of experimental and theoretical studies of the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) is presented. The interdependence between the magnetic anisotropy of FSMAs, their lattice parameters, microstructure, and magnetostrain properties is considered. The temperature dependencies of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy density (MAED) and magnetically induced mechanical stress are described in the framework of magnetoelastic model based on Landau theory of phase transitions. The magnetic anisotropy of thin martensitic platelets/films and wires is considered. The effect of compensation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy by the magnetostatic one is studied. The reduction of MAED as a result of internal twinning of single crystal is discussed. The possibility of observation of reversible magnetic-fieldinduced strain in the twinned FSMAs with reduced MAED is demonstrated.

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5

Skal’s’kyi, V. R., E. P. Pochaps’kyi, and N. P. Mel’nyk. "Modeling of Motion of the Domain Walls in Ferromagnetic Materials (A Survey)." Materials Science 51, no. 6 (May 2016): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-016-9900-x.

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6

Mu, Yaxin, Wupeng Xie, and Xiaojuan Zhang. "The Joint UAV-Borne Magnetic Detection System and Cart-Mounted Time Domain Electromagnetic System for UXO Detection." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122343.

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For unexploded O=ordnance (UXO) detection, individual technology cannot achieve the best detection performance. The new detection mode of joint magnetic and electromagnetic method has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, a newly developed joint detection system is introduced, a multi-rotor UAV-based magnetic system (UAVMAG) and a cart-based time-domain electromagnetic detection system (TDEM-Cart) are combined, and the cooperative processing of magnetic field and electromagnetic data is proposed. The result of the joint inversion fuses the feature vector retrieved from the magnetic field data and the feature vector inverted from the electromagnetic data, providing more accurate positioning results and richer information, which is favorable to locate and distinguish the UXO. Two field experiments are conducted, and the results show that when the joint system works in the full-coverage survey mode, both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metal targets can be detected, avoiding missed detections. In addition, when the joint system works in the cued survey mode, the detection efficiency is improved, the positioning accuracy of joint interpretation is less than 10 cm, and it shows satisfactory performance in the recognition of targets.

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7

Li, Yi, Samuel J. Avis, Junbo Chen, Guangfu Wu, Teng Zhang, Halim Kusumaatmaja, and Xueju Wang. "Reconfiguration of multistable 3D ferromagnetic mesostructures guided by energy landscape surveys." Extreme Mechanics Letters 48 (October 2021): 101428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2021.101428.

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8

SOKOLOV, Nikolay A., Andrey V. RYCHKOV, Grigori N. SHCHERBAKOV, and Igor A. EFREMOV. "Multichannel Magnetometric System for Increasing the Search Capabilities of Autonomous Uninhabited Underwater Vehicles." Elektrichestvo 7, no. 7 (2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-7-51-60.

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The advantages of using autonomous underwater vehicles in searching for ferromagnetic objects based on recording of spatially distributed magnetic anomalies are considered. The development lines of multichannel magnetometric search tools are shown. The potential capabilities of multichannel magnetometric systems for identifying search objects are revealed. Processing the survey results and drawing up a map of magnetic anomalies will make it possible to identify structures the geomagnetic properties of which differ essentially from the natural magnetic background. The use of such technique opens the possibility to achieve a significantly fuller information content and better reliability of the water area survey results and reveal visually undistinguished objects that have their own magnetic field. Based on the electromagnetic field and magnetostatics theory, a method for calculating the parameters and performance efficiency of the multichannel magnetometric system for autonomous underwater vehicles has been developed. The method is designed to evaluate the parameters of and capabilities for detecting ferromagnetic objects and to make a preliminary assessment of the search efficiency. The results obtained from computer simulation of the multichannel magnetometric system signals have confirmed the possibility of drawing up a map of magnetic anomalies to assess the occurrence depth and location of the search object in the ground. The shape of the search object magnetograms depends not only on the object type, but also on its orientation relative to the surface. By applying this dependence, it is possible to recognize search objects, determine their orientation and occurrence depth.

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9

Marenkin, S. F., A. V. Kochura, A. D. Izotov, and M. G. Vasil’ev. "Manganese Pnictides MnP, MnAs, and MnSb are Ferromagnetic Semimetals: Preparation, Structure, and Properties (a Survey)." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 63, no. 14 (December 2018): 1753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023618140036.

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10

Reyne, G., J. Sabonnadiere, J. Coulomb, and P. Brissonneau. "A survey of the main aspects of magnetic forces and mechanical behaviour of ferromagnetic materials under magnetisation." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, no. 5 (September 1987): 3765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065518.

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11

Çakr, Barş, Mithat Akan, Serkan Yldrm, and Tayfun Aköz. "Localization and Removal of Ferromagnetic Foreign Bodies by Magnet." Annals of Plastic Surgery 49, no. 5 (November 2002): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200211000-00016.

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12

Feldman, David R., William F. Conway, and Kenneth M. Spicer. "FERROMAGNETIC ARTIFACT FROM A TISSUE EXPANDER USED FOR BREAST RECONSTRUCTION." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 95, no. 2 (February 1995): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199502000-00048.

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13

Ranganai, Rubeni Tawanda, Moikwathai Moidaki, and James G. King. "Magnetic Susceptibility of Soils from Eastern Botswana: A Reconnaissance Survey and Potential Applications." Journal of Geography and Geology 7, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v7n4p45.

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<p class="zhengwen">Soil magnetic properties measurements are relatively fast and inexpensive but have been proved to be sufficient for preliminary investigations in diverse socio-developmental issues. This paper presents results of a reconnaissance study of soil colour and magnetic susceptibility (c) in eastern Botswana, where ~80% of the population resides. The work is a first step to creating a database of rock and soil magnetic properties and to document spatial variations in magnetic properties in the country. These measurements are important as constraints for interpretation of available aeromagnetic data and can also be exploited for environmental soil research (pollution) and land-use planning (agriculture). The soils sampled include derivatives of varying types and provenance such as Archean gneissic granitoids, metamorphosed rocks (granulites), volcano-sedimentary assemblages, Karoo basalts, and alluvial sediments. A soil colour chart was used since soil colours and magnetic properties are diagnostic of its parent rock sources and weathering profiles. Soil magnetic susceptibilities were measured at both low frequency (0.46 MHz, clf) and high frequency (4.6 MHz, chf), thus allowing calculation of frequency-dependent susceptibility (cfd, cfd%) for detecting ultra-fine ferromagnetic minerals.</p>It was found that soils with Hues ranging from 7.5YR to 10YR have appreciable amount of magnetic materials and soils with Hues of 2.5YR are generally nonmagnetic. The results of soil magnetic susceptibility profiles show spatial variation closely related to the variation in basement rocks, which provides excellent evidence that the magnetic susceptibility variation reflects basement rocks or bedrock composition (soil parent material). In relation to the Botswana physiographic units, soils from the hardveld (Precambrian) show the highest susceptibilities, followed by those from the sandveld, with the lowest values being from the alluvial. The frequency dependent magnetic susceptibilities indicate the presence of ultra-fine super-paramagnetic minerals such as magnetite/maghemite. It is suggested that a systematic and continuous programme of rock and soil magnetic measurements would benefit various socio-economic and development priority sectors of Botswana. This also applies to many developing countries in Africa where soil physics and measurement of soil susceptibility in particular, is generally still at an embryonic stage.

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14

Benn, C. A., C. Maske, K. Bergstrom, and L. van Schalkwyk. "Histological confirmation of sentinel node status using ferromagnetic tracer." European Journal of Surgical Oncology 45, no. 2 (February 2019): e96-e97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.339.

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15

Zhang, Yang, and Chong Kang. "The Study of Degaussing Technology for Underwater Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.455.

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The underwater vehicle is mainly made of ferromagnetic material, the sensor measured except magnetic field, besides magnetic field that the vehicle of the inherent hard magnetic and soft magnetic materials produce and vehicle magnetic fields produced in mechanical and electrical equipment. At the same time, the precision of the geomagnetic measurements will be affected by sensor manufacturing error and installation error factors. Therefore, how to extract the magnetic field from complex environment is a real time measurement of a difficult problem. In this paper, it is based on soft compensation. The magnetic survey experiment that underwater carrier rotates 360 degrees underwater has been done on this basis, and the effect of underwater carrier on cesium magnetometer in different heading is analyzed. The degaussing algorithm for own magnetic field of carrier is obtained and the real value of underwater magnetic field can be restored. It is the solid foundation of high precision underwater geomagnetic navigation and establishing the underwater geomagnetic map.

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16

Belharet, Karim, David Folio, and Antoine Ferreira. "MRI-based microrobotic system for the propulsion and navigation of ferromagnetic microcapsules." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 19, no. 3 (May 25, 2010): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645706.2010.481402.

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17

de Souza, João Paulo Gomes, Marcelo Henrique Leão-Santos, Cantidiano de Oliveira Freitas, Fernando Martins Vieira Matos, and Diogo Luiz Orphão de Carvalho. "Applicability of standard Euler deconvolution, modeling, and amplitude magnetic data inversion in Greenfield programs: The Leite target case study, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): T131—T143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0192.1.

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The Leite target is located in Carajás Mineral Province and has a magnetic anomaly with 140 nT of amplitude, elongated in the northwest–southeast direction. Four exploratory drillholes were performed to test the magnetic anomaly. The test showed that the source of the anomaly is a narrow magnetite hydrothermal alteration zone bearing copper mineralization up to 2%. In addition, geologic and geochemical data, magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were collected to identify the lithotypes with ferromagnetic minerals. We use three different techniques to estimate the depth and geometry of the magnetic source: standard Euler deconvolution, total field magnetic anomaly modeling, and magnetic amplitude inversion. When visualized in 3D, the depth of solutions from Euler deconvolution crossed the real magnetic layer with less inclination. The modeling, using the solutions from Euler deconvolution, was performed, and the magnetic anomaly produced by the body modeled achieved a low misfit. The body used in the forward modeling is geometrically similar to the geologic magnetic layer. The magnetic amplitude inversion successfully recovered the MS distribution. Finally, we carried out a borehole magnetic survey in two drillholes to validate the obtained models and investigate the magnetic source. This survey confirmed that the models were intercepted and the magnetic anomaly was associated, a hydrothermal alteration zone, with magnetite intercepted by drillholes. In this study, we demonstrated that the use of those techniques was effective in Greenfield exploration programs.

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18

Arita, Kazunori, Kaoru Kurisu, Atsushi Tominaga, Fusao Ikawa, Koji Iida, Selji Hama, and Haruyuki Watanabe. "Size-adjustable titanium plate for reconstruction of the sella turcica." Journal of Neurosurgery 91, no. 6 (December 1999): 1055–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.91.6.1055.

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✓ A size-adjustable plate constructed of pure titanium is proposed for use in the reconstruction of the sella turcica. The plate is composed of two semicircular pieces that are connected by a hinge located at the top of the plate. Using an applicator, the plate is inserted into the sella turcica in a closed position. The same applicator is then used to open and secure the plate. The titanium causes minimal ferromagnetic artifacts on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Preliminary findings indicate a possibie clinical use for this plate in the reconstruction of the sella turcica when no suitable piece of bone is available.

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19

Kubacka, Maria, Agnieszka Brzezińska, and Łukasz Gajewski. "The effectiveness of marine magnetic surveying for mapping the location of anthropogenic objects in the Baltic Sea." Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego 32, no. 1 (May 9, 2017): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8783.

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The aim of the paper is to present the use of marine magnetic surveying for mapping the location of anthropogenic objects on or buried in the seabed. The main purpose of collecting magnetic data is to detect local sources of increased magnetic field intensity, and to indicate the presence of ferromagnetic objects in the investigated area. The work contains the results of researches carried out in the Baltic Sea area by the Maritime Institute in Gdansk. Hydromagnetic surveys are implemented mainly in the framework of pre-investment studies in order to inventory objects in the sea bottom, which can hinder the construction of subsea installations or affect the technological process of construction. Based on the interpretation of measurement results the occurrence of anthropogenic objects such as wrecks, linear objects (e. g. gas pipelines, cables, trawl wires) or munitions can be determined.

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20

McFadden, Joseph T. "Magnetic resonance imaging and aneurysm clips." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 1 (July 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.1.jns111786.

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The problem of implanted metals causing tissue damage by movement in patients exposed to MRI fields has produced a confusing welter of erroneous, pseudoscientific publications about magnetics, metals, medical equipment, and tissue compatibility. Quite simply, among the devices made for implantation, only those fabricated of stainless steel have the ferromagnetic properties capable of causing such accidents. The author, who introduced the basic design of the modern aneurysm clip in the late 1960s and then a cobalt nickel alloy as an improvement over steel, while chairing the neurosurgical committee assigned to the task of establishing neurosurgical standards at American Society for Testing and Materials, exposes this flawed information and offers clear guidelines for avoiding trouble.

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21

Canil, D., M. Mihalynuk, J. M. MacKenzie, S. T. Johnston, and B. Grant. "Diamond in the AtlinNakina region, British Columbia: insights from heavy minerals in stream sediments." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-069.

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The sources of rare diamonds reported in northwestern British Columbia, southwestern Yukon, and parts of Alaska are enigmatic. We carried out a heavy-mineral survey of 17 streams draining bedrock in the AtlinNakina region in northwestern British Columbia to determine if high-pressure igneous and metamorphic rocks exhumed in the area could be potential sources for the diamond. Heavy-mineral fractions returned flakes of gold but no diamond. The ferromagnetic fractions were examined optically and by electron microprobe analysis of key indicator minerals, namely olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet, spinel, and titanite. Detritus from a horizon of coarse pebble conglomerate in the Jurassic Laberge Group south of Atlin is the most likely source of the anomalous diamond. Garnets and pyroxenes in the latter sedimentary unit were derived by rapid erosion of peridotite and eclogite massif bodies exhumed from depths approaching the diamond stability field during collision and Pliensbachian uplift in the northern Cordillera. Evidence is shown for glacial transport of detritus from both the Laberge Group sediments and Neogene volcanics, the latter of which evidently covered a much wider area before the last glaciation.

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22

Candirli, Celal, Mehmet Demirkol, Onur Yilmaz, Emre Balaban, and Sadi Memis. "Ferromagnetic Artifacts Seen Incidentally on Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Temporomandibular Joint Surgery." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 28, no. 1 (January 2017): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000003208.

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23

KOBAYASHI, Tatsuya, Yoshihisa KIDA, Masayuki OHTA, Takayuki TANAKA, Naoki KAGEYAMA, Hiroaki KOBAYASHI, and Yoshifumi AMEMIYA. "Magnetic Induction Hyperthermia for Brain Tumor using Ferromagnetic Implant with Low Curie Temperature." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 26, no. 2 (1986): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.26.116.

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24

Doyle, Hugh A. "Geophysical exploration for gold—A review." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 2 (February 1990): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442820.

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It is almost impossible to get a direct geophysical response from gold because of the low grades in deposits, except when electromagnetic detectors are used for individual shallow nuggets. However, indirect geophysical indications may occur through association of gold with particular host rocks, marker beds, or structures which are, for example, of unusual magnetization, density, electric polarization, or conductivity/resistivity. Useful markers may be magnetic dolerites, banded iron formations, shales with magnetite, conductive and/or polarizable pyrites, or other sulfide (detectable by IP methods) and silicified zones more resistive than surrounding rocks. Mapping of faults and shear zones, with which gold may be associated, is also valuable (e.g., by magnetic, EM surveys, etc.). Magnetite depletion is characteristic of some deposits, resulting in zones of low anomalies; for example, ferromagnetic minerals in mafic volcanics are destroyed by carbonatization. Resistivity patterns may indicate altered rocks which contain mineralization, thus the use of VLF-EM methods in Canada and MMR in Australia. Geophysical methods have been important in the search for gold in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa (magnetic, gravity, and even seismic reflection methods), various areas of Canada, e.g., the Abitibi greenstone belt (magnetic, EM, and IP surveys), and to a smaller extent in Australia (e.g., Tennant Creek, NT and Water Tank Hill, WA). However, the value of geophysical methods should not be exaggerated since physical contrasts are often low.

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25

Keatley, P. S., V. V. Kruglyak, P. Gangmei, and R. J. Hicken. "Ultrafast magnetization dynamics of spintronic nanostructures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1948 (August 13, 2011): 3115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0324.

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The ultrafast (sub-nanosecond) magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic thin films and elements that find application in spintronic devices is reviewed. The major advances in the understanding of magnetization dynamics in the two decades since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance and the prediction of spin-transfer torque are discussed, along with the plethora of new experimental techniques developed to make measurements on shorter length and time scales. Particular consideration is given to time-resolved measurements of the magneto-optical Kerr effect, and it is shown how a succession of studies performed with this technique has led to an improved understanding of the dynamics of nanoscale magnets. The dynamics can be surprisingly rich and complicated, with the latest studies of individual nanoscale elements showing that the dependence of the resonant mode spectrum upon the physical structure is still not well understood. Finally, the article surveys the prospects for development of high-frequency spintronic devices and highlights areas in which further study of fundamental properties will be required within the coming decade.

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26

Moroz, Paul, Stephen K. Jones, Jillean Winter, and Bruce N. Gray. "Targeting liver tumors with hyperthermia: Ferromagnetic embolization in a rabbit liver tumor model." Journal of Surgical Oncology 78, no. 1 (2001): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.1118.

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27

Chen, Jennwood, Curtis R. Jensen, Preston K. Manwaring, and Robert E. Glasgow. "Validation of a Laparoscopic Ferromagnetic Technology-based Vessel Sealing Device and Comparative Study to Ultrasonic and Bipolar Laparoscopic Devices." Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 27, no. 2 (April 2017): e12-e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sle.0000000000000385.

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28

Madrona, A. Pinero, J. Cabañas, R. Rull, R. Rodriguez, J. Hernández-Gil, A. Gil-Olarte, M. E. Rioja, and S. Vidal-Sicart. "Isotopic vs. ferromagnetic tracers in sentinel node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma: preliminary results of IMINEM study." European Journal of Surgical Oncology 45, no. 2 (February 2019): e135-e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.462.

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29

Jotania, Rajshree B., and Hardev Singh Virk. "Y-Type Hexaferrites: Structural, Dielectric and Magnetic Properties." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.209.

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This paper attempts to provide a historical survey of structure of various types of hexaferrites. It provides information about synthesis, characterization, structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Y-type hexagonal ferrites using various chemical routes. We have prepared a series of cobalt doped Sr2Cu2-xCoxFe12O22(x = 0.0 to 1.0) hexaferrites using a wet chemical co-precipitation technique. The prepared hexaferrite precursors were calcined at 950 °C for 4 hours in a furnace and slowly cooled to room temperature. The crystal structure of Y-type hexaferrites is rather complicated. The chemical and structural changes were examined in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction studies showed that sintering temperature as low as 950°C was sufficient to produce a single-phase Y-type hexaferrite material. The dielectric measurements were carried out over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 MHz at room temperature using an LCR meter to study the variation of dielectric constant and loss tangent with frequency. The magnetic properties of hexaferrite samples were investigated using a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer in the temperature range 30K to 200K. A change from ferromagnetic state to super paramagnetic state has been observed in Co doped Sr2Cu2-xCoxFe12O22(x= 0.6 to 1.0) hexaferrite. The novel applications of all types of hexaferrite materials have been described.

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30

Mayr, J., S. Dittrich, and K. Triebl. "A new method for removal of metallic-ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree." Pediatric Surgery International 12, no. 5-6 (July 1, 1997): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050182.

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31

Mayr, J., S. Dittrich, and K. Triebl. "A new method for removal of metallic-ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree." Pediatric Surgery International 12, no. 5-6 (July 1997): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01076970.

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32

Georgopoulou, Anastasia N., Michael Pissas, Vassilis Psycharis, Yiannis Sanakis, and Catherine P. Raptopoulou. "Trinuclear NiII-LnIII-NiII Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102280.

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The reaction of the Schiff base ligand o-OH-C6H4-CH=N-C(CH2OH)3, H4L, with Ni(O2CMe)2∙4H2O and lanthanide nitrate salts in a 4 : 2 : 1 ratio lead to the formation of the trinuclear complexes [Ni2Ln(H3L)4(O2CMe)2](NO3) (Ln = Sm (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4)). The complex cations contain the strictly linear NiII-LnIII-NiII moiety. The central LnIII ion is bridged to each of the terminal NiII ions through two deprotonated phenolato groups from two different ligands. Each terminal NiII ion is bound to two ligands in distorted octahedral N2O4 environment. The central lanthanide ion is coordinated to four phenolato oxygen atoms from the four ligands, and four carboxylato oxygen atoms from two acetates which are bound in the bidentate chelate mode. The lattice structure of complex 4 consists of two interpenetrating, supramolecular diamond like lattices formed through hydrogen bonds among neighboring trinuclear clusters. The magnetic properties of 1-4 were studied. For 3 the best fit of the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal M(H) data gave JNiGd = +0.42 cm−1, D = +2.95 cm−1 with gNi = gGd = 1.98. The ferromagnetic nature of the intramolecular Ni···Gd interaction revealed ground state of total spin S = 11/2. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) parameters for 3 show that the change of the magnetic entropy (−ΔSm) reaches a maximum of 14.2 J kg−1 K−1 at 2 K. A brief literature survey of complexes containing the NiII-LnIII-NiII moiety is discussed in terms of their structural properties.

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33

TANAKA, Takayuki, Tatsuya KOBAYASHI, Kazuyoshi HATTORI, Tatsuo TAKAHASHI, Masafumi ITO, Naoki KAGEYAMA, Yoshihisa KIDA, Tetsuo IKEDA, and Masaaki MATSUI. "Treatment of Experimental Rat Brain Tumors by Magnetic Induction Hyperthermia using a Ferromagnetic Implant with a Low Curie Point." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 28, no. 8 (1988): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.28.761.

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34

Starck, C. T., J. Becker, R. Fuhrer, S. Sundermann, J. W. Stark, and V. Falk. "Concept and first experimental results of a new ferromagnetic assist device for extra-aortic counterpulsation." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 18, no. 1 (September 22, 2013): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivt416.

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35

Martin, Angela D., Colin L. W. Driscoll, Christopher P. Wood, and Joel P. Felmlee. "Safety Evaluation of Titanium Middle Ear Prostheses at 3.0 Tesla." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, no. 4 (April 2005): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.12.003.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safety of titanium middle ear prostheses at 3.0 tesla (T). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Titanium middle ear prostheses from 3 commercial vendors were examined for magnetic field interactions at 3 T. Initially, ex vivo studies were performed to test for rotational motion and forward displacement (translational motion) of the prostheses in a static magnetic field. If movement was observed during this screening study, then the prosthesis was tested to determine the translational or rotational force acting upon the prosthesis. In addition to testing for prosthesis displacement, temperature changes of the prostheses were measured to assess for radiofrequency heating during imaging. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 24 titanium prostheses tested revealed no movement when tested in the 3 T static magnetic field. Three prostheses revealed minimal movement during the screening study. A translational force test (string test) was performed upon these 3 prostheses, and the measured angle of displacement was used to determine the force. This calculated force acting upon each prosthesis was essentially zero. Therefore, we conclude that the magnetic field interaction is negligible. A positive control with a ferromagnetic stainless steel prosthesis demonstrated obvious displacement during the screening study, as well as deflection of the prosthesis by 90° in the translational force test. Last, heating of the titanium prostheses did not occur in the 7 models tested. CONCLUSIONS: Middle ear prostheses made from titanium are safe, neither deflecting nor heating during magnetic resonance examinations conducted at 3 T. EBM rating: C-1.

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Hayhurst, Caroline, Patricia Byrne, Paul R. Eldridge, and Conor L. Mallucci. "Application of electromagnetic technology to neuronavigation: a revolution in image-guided neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 6 (December 2009): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.12.jns08628.

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Object The authors investigated the practicality of electromagnetic neuronavigation in routine clinical use, and determined the applications for which it is at the advantage compared with other systems. Methods A magnetic field is generated encompassing the surgical volume. Devices containing miniaturized coils can be located within the field. The authors report on their experience in 150 cases performed with this technology. Results Electromagnetic neuronavigation was performed in 44 endoscopies, 42 ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertions for slit ventricles, 21 routine shunt insertions, 6 complex shunt insertions, 14 external ventricular drain placements for traumatic brain injury, 5 awake craniotomies, 5 Ommaya reservoir placements, and for 13 other indications. Satisfactory positioning of ventricular catheters was achieved in all cases. No particular changes to the operating theater set-up were required, and no significant interference from ferromagnetic instruments was experienced. Neurophysiological monitoring was not affected, nor did it affect electromagnetic guidance. Conclusions Neuronavigation enables safe, accurate surgery, and may ultimately reduce complications and improve outcome. Electromagnetic technology allows frameless, pinless, image-guided surgery, and can be used in all procedures for which neuronavigation is appropriate. This technology was found to be particularly advantageous compared with other technologies in cases in which freedom of head movement was helpful. Electromagnetic neuronavigation was therefore well suited to CSF diversion procedures, awake craniotomies, and cases in which rigid head fixation was undesirable, such as in neonates. This technology extends the application of neuronavigation to routine shunt placement and ventricular catheter placement in patients with traumatic brain injury.

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Pamir, M. Necmettin, Koray Özduman, Alp Dinçer, Erdem Yildiz, Selçuk Peker, and M. Memet Özek. "First intraoperative, shared-resource, ultrahigh-field 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system and its application in low-grade glioma resection." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 1 (January 2010): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.jns081139.

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Object The authors describe the first shared-resource, 3-T intraoperative MR (ioMR) imaging system and analyze its impact on low-grade glioma (LGG) resection with an emphasis on the use of intraoperative proton MR spectroscopy. Methods The Acibadem University ioMR imaging facility houses a 3-T Siemens Trio system and consists of interconnected but independent MR imaging and surgical suites. Neurosurgery is performed using regular ferromagnetic equipment, and a patient can be transferred to the ioMR imaging system within 1.5 minutes by using a floating table. The ioMR imaging protocol takes < 10 minutes including the transfer, and the authors obtain very high–resolution T2-weighted MR images without the use of intravenous contrast. Functional sequences are performed when needed. A new 5-pin headrest–head coil combination and floating transfer table were specifically designed for this system. Results Since the facility became operational in June 2004, 56 LGG resections have been performed using ioMR imaging, and > 19,000 outpatient MR imaging procedures have been conducted. First-look MR imaging studies led to further resection attempts in 37.5% of cases as well as a 32.3% increase in the number of gross-total resections. Intraoperative ultrasonography detected 16% of the tumor remnants. Intraoperative proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion weighted MR imaging were used to differentiate residual tumor tissue from peritumoral parenchymal changes. Functional and diffusion tensor MR imaging sequences were used both pre- and postoperatively but not intraoperatively. No infections or other procedure-related complications were encountered. Conclusions This novel, shared-resource, ultrahigh-field, 3-T ioMR imaging system is a cost-effective means of affording a highly capable ioMR imaging system and increases the efficiency of LGG resections.

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Imaizumi, Toshio, Yoshifumi Horita, Toshimi Honma, and Jun Niwa. "Association between a black band on the inner membrane of a chronic subdural hematoma on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance images and enlargement of the hematoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 5 (November 2003): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.5.0824.

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Object. The cause and indication for enlargement of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) have remained unresolved. The authors observed a black band on the inner membrane of a CSDH on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in patients with symptoms. After surgical treatment, the band disappeared. The T2*-weighted sequence of MR imaging is an excellent diagnostic tool for detecting ferromagnetic substances, but it is rarely performed in cases of a CSDH. The authors speculate that the black band may be associated with the development of CSDH. Methods. To investigate how the black band observed on T2*-weighted MR images contributes to the development of a CSDH, 59 lesions in 50 patients with CSDH (41 men and nine women, mean age 70 ± 11 years [range 48–93 years]) were investigated prospectively. The incidence of black bands on the first T2*-weighted MR image obtained in patients with symptomatic CSDH was 97% (31 of 32 CSDHs), which was significantly higher than that associated with asymptomatic CSDH (11% [three of 27 CSDHs], p < 0.001). The black bands associated with symptomatic CSDH disappeared soon after surgical treatment in 31 CSDHs and became fainter in another. In two instances the CSDH recurred with reappearance of the band. Twenty-four of 27 asymptomatic CSDHs had no accompanying black band. Follow-up MR images demonstrated a later formation of bands in two of 24 asymptomatic CSDHs that enlarged to symptomatic size. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the heterogeneity and thickness of the CSDH on computerized tomography scans were independently and significantly associated with the black band. Conclusions. The dynamics of the black band may depend on the enlargement or shrinkage of the CSDH.

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Geisler, Fred H., Leslie N. Sutton, Stuart E. Mirvis, Hafez Zrebeet, and John N. Joslyn. "Titanium Wire Internal Fixation for Stabilization of Injury of the Cervical Spine: Clinical Results and Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spinal Cord." Neurosurgery 25, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198909000-00006.

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Abstract Nine patients with dislocation of the cervical spinal with posterior ligamentous damage were treated with posterior internal fixation using a twisted pair of 22-gauge titanium wires and iliac crest bone fusion. Fixation using the titanium wire was compared with fixation using stainless steel wire for differences in surgical insertion, long term stability of bony fusion, and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts near the implanted wire. MRI of the cervical spine is valuable for diagnosing the acute and chronic consequences of traumatic cervical spinal injury by providing anatomic evaluation of both the spinal cord and the supporting bony/ligamentous structures in the neck. Because MRI is an accurate and sensitive noninvasive test, it is especially useful for the long-term serial assessment of the region near the cervical dislocation site to detect the sequelae of spinal cord injury, including syrinx, arachnoid cyst, cord tethering, and persistent mechanical impingement on the spinal cord or spinal roots. Previous attempts at our institution to obtain useful MRI scans of the cervical region adjacent to stainless steel wires after posterior wire fixation have failed due to marked imaging artifacts arising from the ferromagnetic properties of these wires. Our substitution of biocompatible titanium wire (Titanium 6 A1-4V ELI alloy, Specialty Steel and Forge, Leonia, New Jersey) for stainless steel wire produced identical immediate stabilization and ultimate bony fusion of the fracture and yielded minimal MRI artifacts overlying the immediately adjacent spinal cord and neural canal; however, the installation was technically more difficult, because of the titanium wire's greater stiffness. We believe that the implantation of a permancent fixation device in these patients should be made of an MRI-compatible material, such as titanium wire, to allow serial imaging with MRI in their lifelong medical care.

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Truwit, Charles L., and Walter A. Hall. "Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided neurosurgery at 3-T." Operative Neurosurgery 58, suppl_4 (April 1, 2006): ONS—338—ONS—346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000205284.04252.87.

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Abstract Objective: Between 1997 and 2004, more than 700 neurosurgical procedures were performed in a 1.5-T magnetic resonance-guided therapy suite. During this period, the concept of high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was validated, as was a new surgical guidance tool, the Navigus (Image-guided Neurologics, Melbourne, FL), and its methodology, prospective stereotaxy. Clinical protocols were refined to optimize surgical techniques. That implementation, the “Minnesota suite, ” has recently been revised, and a new suite with a 3-T MRI scanner has been developed. Methods: On the basis of experience at the initial 1.5-T suite, a new suite was designed to house a 3-T MRI scanner with wide surgical access at the rear of the scanner (opposite the patient couch). Use of electrocautery, a fiberoptic headlamp, a power drill, and MRI-compatible neurosurgical cutlery was anticipated by inclusion of waveguides and radiofrequency filter panels that penetrate the MRI suite's radiofrequency shield. An MRI-compatible head holder was adapted for use on the scanner table. A few items exhibiting limited ferromagnetism were used within the magnetic field, taking strict precautions. Results: During the initial procedures (all magnetic resonance-guided neurobiopsies), the new suite functioned as anticipated. Although metallic artifact related to titanium needles is more challenging at 3 T than at 1.5 T, it can be contained even at 3 T. Similar to 1.5 T, such artifact is best contained when the device is oriented along B0, the main magnetic field. Surgical needles, disposable scalpels, and disposable razors, despite being minimally ferromagnetic, were easily controlled by the surgeon. Conclusion: An intraoperative magnetic resonance-guided neurosurgical theater has been developed with a 3-T MRI scanner. Intraoperative imaging is feasible at this field strength, and concerns regarding specific absorption rate can be allayed. Infection control procedures can be designed to permit neurosurgery within this environment. Despite the increase in magnetic field strength, safety can be maintained.

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Thariat, Juliette, Joel Castelli, Stephane Chanalet, Serge Marcie, Hamid Mammar, and Pierre-Yves Bondiau. "CYBERKNIFE STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY FOR SPINAL TUMORS." Neurosurgery 64, suppl_2 (February 1, 2009): A60—A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000339129.51926.d6.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE For para- and intraspinal tumors, precise spinal cord delineation is critical for CyberKnife (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) stereotactic radiotherapy. We evaluated whether computed tomographic (CT) myelography is superior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for accurate spinal cord delineation. Treatment parameters and short-term outcome and toxicity are also presented. METHODS The planning CT scan, the gadolinium-enhanced, T1-weighted, 3-dimensional (3D) fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI scan, and the CT myelogram were fused before volume-of-interest delineation. The planning target volume margin was less than 1 mm using the Xsight Spine tracking system (Accuray). We present data from 11 heavily pretreated patients who underwent CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery between November 2006 and January 2008. RESULTS Spatial resolution was 0.46 and 0.93 mm/pixel for CT myelography and 3D-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI, respectively. The contrast between cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord was excellent with CT myelography. A transient postmyelography headache occurred in 1 patient. The mean gross tumor volume was 51.1 mL. The mean prescribed dose was 34 Gy in 4 fractions (range, 2–7 fractions) with 147 beams (range, 79–232 beams) to the 75% reference isodose line (range, 68–80%), covering 95% (range, 86–99%) of the gross tumor volume with a mean conformity index of 1.4 (range, 1.1–1.8). No short-term toxicity on the spinal cord was noted at 1- to 6-months of follow-up. CONCLUSION CT myelography was more accurate for spinal cord delineation than 3D-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI (used for its myelographic effect), particularly in the presence of ferromagnetic artifacts in heavily pretreated patients or in patients with severe spinal compression. Because other MRI sequences (T2 and gadolinium-enhanced T1) provide excellent tumor characterization, we suggest trimodality imaging for spinal tumor treatment to yield submillimetric delineation accuracy. Combined with CyberKnife technology, CT myelography can improve the feasibility of dose escalation or reirradiation of spinal tumors in selected patients, thereby increasing local control while avoiding myelopathy. Further follow-up and prospective studies are warranted.

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Hinokihara, Taichi, and Seiji Miyashita. "Systematic survey of magnetic configurations in multilayer ferromagnet system with dipole-dipole interaction." Physical Review B 103, no. 5 (February 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.103.054421.

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Burch, K. S., E. J. Singley, J. Stephens, R. K. Kawakami, D. D. Awschalom, and D. N. Basov. "Infrared survey of the carrier dynamics in III-V digital ferromagnetic heterostructures." Physical Review B 71, no. 12 (March 31, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.71.125340.

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Horton, L. L. "Defect and Microstructural Analyses in Ferromagnetic Material." MRS Proceedings 62 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-62-89.

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ABSTRACTTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ferromagnetic materials requires special and often time-consuming procedures to obtain good images. Tilting and high resolution experiments are particularly difficult. A survey of several investigations of microstructures in ferromagnetic materials ranging from pure iron to commercial magnet materials is presented. The topics of these investigations include determination of Burgers vectors and interstitial/vacancy character for dislocation loops, cavity shape analyses, magnetic domain/microstructure correlations, and characterization of structures resulting from isotropic spinodal decomposition. Problems encountered during these studies as they relate to magnetic materials and the modifications to standard microscope operating procedures required to overcome these problems are presented. This discussion includes specimen requirements, specimen loading and insertion, and alignment corrections required during specimen tilting.

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"Organic-inorganic layer compounds: physical properties and chemical reactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 314, no. 1528 (May 30, 1985): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1985.0015.

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In contrast with intercalation compounds, which can exist both with and without organic molecules between the planes of inorganic material, ‘molecular composite’ compounds have organic groups covalently or ionically bound to inorganic layers. In such crystals the aim is to combine magnetic or optical properties characteristic of the inorganic solid state, like magnetism and luminescence, with properties found in the organic solid state like mesomorphism or polymerization. This contribution surveys experiments from our laboratory on the structural, physical and chemical properties of one series of ‘molecular composites’, the layer perovskite halide salts (RNH 3 ) 2 MX 4 (R = organic group; M = Cr, Mn, Cd; X = Cl, Br). When R is an n -alkyl group these compounds undergo structural phase transitions triggered by variations in the hydrogen-bonding of the −NH 3 to the inorganic layer. Optical microscopy is used to follow the phase transitions and map ferroelastic domains. Compounds with M = Cr are ferromagnets with strongly temperature-dependent visible absorption spectra, whose intensity correlates with the degree of magnetic order. In Mn and Cd salts more elaborate functional groups can be inserted in the organic sidechains with the aim of making topochemical polymerizations in the solid state.

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Chen, Kaiyun, Junkai Deng, Yuan Yan, Qian Shi, Tieyan Chang, Xiangdong Ding, Jun Sun, Sen Yang, and Jefferson Zhe Liu. "Diverse electronic and magnetic properties of CrS2 enabling strain-controlled 2D lateral heterostructure spintronic devices." npj Computational Materials 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41524-021-00547-z.

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AbstractLateral heterostructures of two-dimensional (2D) materials, integrating different phases or materials into a single piece of nanosheet, have attracted intensive research interests for electronic devices. Extending the 2D lateral heterostructures to spintronics demands more diverse electromagnetic properties of 2D materials. In this paper, using density functional theory calculations, we survey all IV, V, and VI group transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and discover that CrS2 has the most diverse electronic and magnetic properties: antiferromagnetic (AFM) metallic 1T phase, non-magnetic (NM) semiconductor 2H phase, and ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor 1T′ phase with a Curie temperature of ~1000 K. Interestingly, we find that a tensile or compressive strain can turn the 1T′ phase into a spin-up or spin-down half-metal. Such strain tunability can be attributed to the lattice deformation under tensile/compressive strain that selectively promotes the spin-up/spin-down VBM (valence band bottom) orbital interactions. The diverse electromagnetic properties and the strain tunability enable strain-controlled spintronic devices using a single piece of CrS2 nanosheet with improved energy efficiency. As a demo, a prototypical design of the spin-valve logic device is presented. It offers a promising solution to address the challenge of high energy consumption in miniaturized spintronic devices.

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Piñero‐Madrona, Antonio, Francisco Nicolás‐Ruiz, Ramón Rull‐Ortuño, Sergi Vidal‐Sicart, Jacobo Cabañas‐Montero, Mª Eugenia Rioja‐Martín, Roberto Rodríguez‐Fernández, María Ángeles Gil‐Olarte, Beatriz González‐García, and Jesús Hernández‐Gil Sánchez. "Correlation between ferromagnetic and isotopic tracers for sentinel lymph node detection in cutaneous melanoma: IMINEM study." Journal of Surgical Oncology, November 25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.26303.

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Byvaltsev, Vadim A., Andrei A. Kalinin, Marat A. Aliyev, and K. Daniel Riew. "Postoperative MRI Visualization of the Cervical Spine Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Prospective Single-Center Comparison of a Titanium and Cobalt-Chromium Prosthesis." Global Spine Journal, January 28, 2021, 219256822199110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568221991105.

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Study Design: Prospective non-randomized single-center cohort study. Objectives: To analyze the quality of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 2 structurally different cervical disc arthroplasty devices at the index and adjacent levels. Methods: A non-randomized, comparative, prospective, single-center study included 40 patients (23 men and 17 women) aged 32 (26-40) years. Two study groups were utilized: in the first (n = 20), a titanium prosthesis was used; in the second (n = 20), a cobalt-chromium implant was used. Evaluation of MRI studies before and after surgery was performed using sagittal and axial T2 weighted images by 2 specialists who were blinded to the prosthesis that was used. To determine the quality of an MRI image, the classification of Jarvik 2000, the radiological and orthopedic scales for assessing artifacts were used. Results: There was good-to-excellent inter-observer agreement for all of the MR parameters used for the titanium and satisfactory-to-good for the cobalt chromium group. The analysis of the quality of postoperative imaging using the Jarvik 2000 scale showed a statistically significant deterioration in MR images in the cobalt chromium group ( P < 0.001), compared to the titanium ( P = 0.091). Following a single-level total arthroplasty, the titanium group had better MRI images according to radiological and orthopedic scales ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Titanium cervical disc arthroplasty devices result in superior postoperative MR imaging, as compared to cobalt chromium prostheses, as the latter significantly reduces image quality due to the pronounced ferromagnetic effect.

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