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Morin, Victor. "Elaboration de composites multiférroïque et caractérisation de l'effet magnétoélectrique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN030/document.
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L'effet magnétoélectrique (ME) est la modification de la polarisation électrique par l'application d'un champ magnétique (effet ME direct), ou bien la modification de l'aimantation magnétique par l'action d'un champ électrique (effet ME inverse).L'utilisation de matériaux composites permet de reproduire de manière extrinsèque cet effet. Le couplage mécanique entre des matériaux magnétostrictifs et piézoélectriques fournit un effet ME extrinsèque plus important à température ambiante que celui fournit intrinsèquement. Nous avons dégagé (théoriquement et expérimentalement) différentes caractéristiques de matériaux nécessaires à l'obtention d'un effet ME important et justifé l'utilisation de ferrite et de PZT dans les composites ME. Nous expliquons dans cette thèse, les méthodes de fabrications des différentes géométries de composites étudiées (empilement de couches ou bien inclusions d'une phase dans l'autre). En particulier, l'utilisation du frittage non conventionnel par Spark Plasma Sintering, pour améliorer le couplage mécanique y est abordée. En nous focalisant sur la géométrie en multicouche, nous avons montré l'importance de facteurs tels que le champ démagnétisant ou encore la symétrie de la structure. Nous présentons un prototype de capteur de courant utilisable en génie électrique. Nous en avons montré sa bonne linéarité et sensibilité, mais aussi ses défauts en terme de bande passanteThe magnetoelctric (ME) response consists in the modification of the electric polarization by an applied magnetic field (direct effect) or the modification of the magnetic polarization by an applied electric field (inverse effect). Intrinsic multiferroics are rather uncommon and the effect is often weak at room temperature. An alternative route to achieve ME effect, consists in using magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials and coupling the two phases by mechanical stress. We draw (theoretically and experimentally) some material characteristics to achieve an importantME effect, which justify the use of ferrite and PZT. We describe the production process of the two studied connectivity schemes (stack of layers or inclusion of a phase in another). We focus on the sintering by Spark Plasma Sintering as a potential improvement of the mecanical bonding. We devoted a part of our work on multilayer composite and showed the importance of some factors such as the demagnetizing effect or the symmetry of the structure. We introduce a current sensor prototype suitable for electrical engineering application. We showed its good linearity and sensitivity but also some effects of its bandwidth
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Janasi, Suzilene Real [UNESP]. "Ferrita de bário: preparação de fases dopadas com cobalto, titânio e estanho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102592.
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janasi_sr_dr_araiq.pdf: 2566763 bytes, checksum: e10173459cbf62287b0478669d7c6ed0 (MD5)A substituição parcial de íons Fe3+ por pares de íons (Co2+-Ti4+ ou Co2+-Sn4+) na ferrita de bário hexagonal (BaFe12O19) leva a uma substancial diminuição no campo coercitivo (Hc) com uma pequena mudança na magnetização de saturação (Ms), permitindo seu uso em gravação magnética e magneto-óptica de alta densidade. Os diferentes métodos de preparação de ferritas de bário resultam em produtos com propriedades distintas. Neste trabalho, preparou-se BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 e BaFe12-2xCoxSnxO19 (0,25 £ x £ 1) por coprecipitação, utilizando cloretos dos metais precursores e solução de KOH/K2CO3 como precipitante. Após a secagem, o produto obtido foi calcinado a 950oC por 3h, lavado e seco. Os difratogramas de raios X indicaram a formação da ferrita de bário. As micrografias eletrônicas de varredura mostraram que os pós obtidos apresentam-se na forma de plaquetas hexagonais de 1 a 2mm. As curvas de magnetização das ferritas de bário dopadas mostraram que o campo coercitivo e a remanência diminuem em função do aumento da razão de substituição x. A curva de magnetização da amostra dopada com Co-Ti, com x = 1 é característica de uma ferrita mole, com Hc = 13,5 kA.m-1 (0,17 kOe), Ms = 46,1 emu.g-1 e Mr = 11,0 emu.g-1. Para a amostra dopada com Co-Sn a diminuição de Mr não é significante. Estes resultados mostraram que as propriedades magnéticas das ferritas de bário dopadas obtidas por coprecipitação foram melhoradas, em relação aos dados da literatura para ferrita de bário pura ou dopada.
The partial substitution of Fe3+ ions with pairs of ions (Co2+-Ti4+ or Co2+-Sn4+) in hexagonal barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) leads to a substantial reduction on coercivity (Hc) with only a low change in saturation magnetization (Ms), allowing its use in high density magnetic and magneto-optical recording. Different preparative methods result in barium ferrites with distinguished properties. In this work, BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 and BaFe12-2xCoxSnxO19 (0.25 £ x £ 1) were prepared by the coprecipitation method using chloride salt precursors and KOH/K2CO3 solution. After drying, the powder was calcinated at 950oC by 3 h, washed and dried. The X ray diffraction patterns indicated the barium ferrite phase formation. The scanning electron micrographs showed that the particles are hexagonal platelike with diameter size ranging from 1 to 2 mm. The magnetization curves of substituted barium ferrites showed that the values of Hc and Mr decrease with the increase of the substitution ratio x. The magnetization curve profile for Co-Ti substituted sample with x =1 is characteristic of a soft ferrite with Hc = 13.5kA.m-1 (0.17 kOe), Ms = 46.1 emu.g-1 and Mr = 11.0 emu.g-1. These results indicated that the magnetic properties of substituted barium ferrites obtained by coprecipitation were improved when compared with the literature data for pure and substituted barium ferrite.
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Mahhouti, Zakaria. "Synthesis and characterization of functional monodispersed cobalt ferrite nanoparticles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0010.
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Dans le présent travail, les nanoparticules monodispersées à base de ferrite de cobalt ont été explorées pour leurs propriétés magnétiques et leur effet magnétostrictif, ainsi que pour une utilisation en tant que ferrofluide. Les nanoparticules ont été dispersées avec succès dans un solvant organique. La chimie de surface de la nanoparticule magnétique s'avère cruciale pour obtenir une dispersion haute densité homogène et bien séparée dans l'hexane. De plus, l'acide oléique a été utilisé pour modifier la surface des nanoparticules de ferrite de cobalt et permettre d'obtenir une bonne dispersion. Les nanoparticules obtenues sont caractérisées par XRD, spectroscopie Raman, TGA, FT-IR, DLS, SEM et la caractérisation magnétique. En utilisant l'analyse STEM, nous avons constaté que la taille et la forme des nanoparticules pouvaient être contrôlées en faisant varier certains paramètres tels que la température de synthèse, la quantité et la nature des réactifs. En outre, des membranes anodiques poreuses à pores très ordonnés ont été fabriquées avec succès avec une anodisation en plusieurs étapes. Des nanorods de ferrite de cobalt ont été produites par la transformation des nanoparticules de CoFe2O4 à l'aide d'une membrane d’alumine poreuses. L'insertion des nanoparticules de CoF2O4 dans les pores des membranes a été étudiée par le microscope électronique à balayage, et il a été possible de suivre le comportement des nanoparticules de CoFe2O4 dans les pores lors de l'insertion ainsi que lors de la transformationIn the present work, monodisperse cobalt ferrite nanoparticle systems have been explored in regard to their magnetic properties and magnetostrictive effect, as well as for use as a ferrofluid. Nanoparticles have been successfully dispersed in an organic solvent. The surface chemistry of the magnetic nanoparticle proves critical to obtaining a homogeneous and well separated high density dispersion in Hexane. In addition, Oleic acid was used to alter the surface of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles and successfully achieve good dispersion. The obtained nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, FT-IR, DLS, SEM, and magnetic investigations. Using STEM analysis, we found that the size and shape of nanoparticles could be controlled by varying certain parameters such as the synthesis temperature, the quantity, and nature of reagents. Furthermore, porous anodic membranes with highly ordered pores were successfully fabricated with multi-steps anodizing. Cobalt ferrite nanorods were produced by a transformation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles using anodic alumina membrane. The insertion of CoF2O4 nanoparticles into the pores of the AAO membranes was studied with a scanning electron microscope, and it was possible to follow the behavior of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in the pores during the insertion step as well as the transformation step
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Dunn, Daniel S., Matthew S. Telep, and Eugene P. Augustin. "Variable Polarization Ferrite Antenna." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611640.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper describes a ferrite antenna that can produce any polarization on the Poincaré sphere over the frequency range of 9.0 to 11.4 GHz by utilizing Faraday rotation and a quarter-wavelength phase shifter. All possible polarizations of the electromagnetic wave are achievable with this antenna which includes linear, circular and elliptical polarizations. Any tilt angle of elliptical polarization and any orientation of the linear polarization can be achieved as well. The polarization of the ferrite antenna can be electronically switched to a different polarization instantly without the use of moving parts. An automatic data acquisition system was designed and built to fully analyze the antenna' s characteristics.
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Ajroudi, LIlia. "Ferrites de cobalt nanostructurés ; élaboration, caractérisation, propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiques." Thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0017/document.
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Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration et l’étude des propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiques denanomatériaux à base de ferrite de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrite de cobalt (CoxFe3-xO4 , x=0.6,1,1.2,1.8 ) ont étéélaborées par une nouvelle méthode chimique solvo-thermale. Les nanopoudres obtenues sont très bien cristallisées ontdes tailles de particules qui varient avec le taux de cobalt entre 4 et 7 nm et sont très homogènes en composition. Lesnanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt sont monophasées, de structure spinelle avec un paramètre de maille qui varie enfonction du taux de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt ne s’oxydent pas sous air et en température .Lesnanopoudres de composition proches de x=1 sont stables jusqu’à 900°C, alors que pour de plus forts écarts à lastoechiométrie, des transformations de phase ont lieu au delà de 550°C.Les mesures catalytiques ont mis en évidence l’oxydation de CH4 en CO2 après passage sur le catalyseur pour tous leséchantillons. L’efficacité catalytique est maximale et l’énergie d’activation est la plus faible pour l’échantillon x=1.8 ;ceci est lié à la plus grande surface spécifique, et au plus fort taux de sites actifs pour cette composition.Les ferrites de cobalt élaborées présentent une conduction de type électronique avec un comportement semi conducteurjusqu’à 500-600°C et un comportement métallique au-delà. Les variations de conductivité d’une composition à l’autres’expliquent par les variations du nombre de paires [Co2+,Fe3+].Les nanoparticules ont un comportement superparamagnétique quelle que soit la composition. Ce comportement estdû principalement à un effet de taille et de forme, et à une distribution cationique différente entre les deux types desites tétraédriques et octaédriques de la structure spinelle. Ces ferrites présentent une aimantation à saturation prochede celle de l’état massif, du fait de la grande qualité cristalline attribuée à la méthode d’élaboration mise au pointThis work is devoted to the synthesis and the study of the physical properties of cobalt ferrite nanomaterials. Thecobalt ferrite nanopowders (CoxFe3-xO4 , x=0.6,1,1.2,1.8 ) were synthesized by a new solvo thermal chemical route.The nanopowders are highly crystallized, very homogeneous in size and chemical composition. The nanopowderssizes are ranged from 4 nm for high cobalt content to 7 nm for low cobalt content. They are single phased, with thespinel structure, and a cell parameter varying with the cobalt content. The cobalt ferrites do not oxidize, when heatedunder air. For compositions near x=1, the cobalt ferrites are stable when heated under air up to 900°C, as for the othercompositions, phase transformations occur above 550°C.The catalytic measurements have shown the oxidation of CH4 into CO2 in presence of the catalyst for all thecompositions. Cobalt ferrite with composition x=1.8, presents the lowest activation energy and the best catalyticefficiency; this can be related to the great specific surface and the high rate of active sites for this composition.Concerning the conduction properties, the cobalt ferrites exhibit a semiconductor character up to 500-600 ° C and ametallic one above. Changes in conductivity from a composition to another are explained by changes in the number ofpairs [Co2+, Fe3+].A superparamagnetic behaviour was evidenced whatever the composition. This is due for one part to a size and shapeeffect and for the other part to different cationic distribution between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. These ferriteshave a saturation magnetization close to that of the massive state, because of the high crystallinity of the nanopowders,attributed to the synthesis method developed in this work
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Janasi, Suzilene Real. "Ferrita de bário : preparação de fases dopadas com cobalto, titânio e estanho /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102592.
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Orientador: Miguel Jafelicci JuniorBanca: Inês Joekes
Banca: Adley F. Rubira
Banca: Élson Longo
Banca: Carlos de Oliveira Paiva Santos
Resumo: A substituição parcial de íons Fe3+ por pares de íons (Co2+-Ti4+ ou Co2+-Sn4+) na ferrita de bário hexagonal (BaFe12O19) leva a uma substancial diminuição no campo coercitivo (Hc) com uma pequena mudança na magnetização de saturação (Ms), permitindo seu uso em gravação magnética e magneto-óptica de alta densidade. Os diferentes métodos de preparação de ferritas de bário resultam em produtos com propriedades distintas. Neste trabalho, preparou-se BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 e BaFe12-2xCoxSnxO19 (0,25 £ x £ 1) por coprecipitação, utilizando cloretos dos metais precursores e solução de KOH/K2CO3 como precipitante. Após a secagem, o produto obtido foi calcinado a 950oC por 3h, lavado e seco. Os difratogramas de raios X indicaram a formação da ferrita de bário. As micrografias eletrônicas de varredura mostraram que os pós obtidos apresentam-se na forma de plaquetas hexagonais de 1 a 2mm. As curvas de magnetização das ferritas de bário dopadas mostraram que o campo coercitivo e a remanência diminuem em função do aumento da razão de substituição x. A curva de magnetização da amostra dopada com Co-Ti, com x = 1 é característica de uma ferrita mole, com Hc = 13,5 kA.m-1 (0,17 kOe), Ms = 46,1 emu.g-1 e Mr = 11,0 emu.g-1. Para a amostra dopada com Co-Sn a diminuição de Mr não é significante. Estes resultados mostraram que as propriedades magnéticas das ferritas de bário dopadas obtidas por coprecipitação foram melhoradas, em relação aos dados da literatura para ferrita de bário pura ou dopada.
Abstract: The partial substitution of Fe3+ ions with pairs of ions (Co2+-Ti4+ or Co2+-Sn4+) in hexagonal barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) leads to a substantial reduction on coercivity (Hc) with only a low change in saturation magnetization (Ms), allowing its use in high density magnetic and magneto-optical recording. Different preparative methods result in barium ferrites with distinguished properties. In this work, BaFe12-2xCoxTixO19 and BaFe12-2xCoxSnxO19 (0.25 £ x £ 1) were prepared by the coprecipitation method using chloride salt precursors and KOH/K2CO3 solution. After drying, the powder was calcinated at 950oC by 3 h, washed and dried. The X ray diffraction patterns indicated the barium ferrite phase formation. The scanning electron micrographs showed that the particles are hexagonal platelike with diameter size ranging from 1 to 2 mm. The magnetization curves of substituted barium ferrites showed that the values of Hc and Mr decrease with the increase of the substitution ratio x. The magnetization curve profile for Co-Ti substituted sample with x =1 is characteristic of a soft ferrite with Hc = 13.5kA.m-1 (0.17 kOe), Ms = 46.1 emu.g-1 and Mr = 11.0 emu.g-1. These results indicated that the magnetic properties of substituted barium ferrites obtained by coprecipitation were improved when compared with the literature data for pure and substituted barium ferrite.
Doutor
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Souza, NatÃlia Dantas Gomes de. "Obtaining magnetic nanobiocompÃsitos consisting of galactomannan, glycerol and nickel ferrite and zinc." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11766.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorFundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Nos Ãltimos anos, um grande interesse na associaÃÃo de materiais magnÃticos e biolÃgicos tem sido relatado na literatura. A obtenÃÃo de novos compÃsitos constituÃdos de galactomanana (GM), nanopartÃculas magnÃticas (MNPs) de NiZn e glicerol (GL) foram produzidos em diferentes proporÃÃes com finalidade de potencializar as caracterÃsticas individuais de cada material para futuras aplicaÃÃes. Sendo assim, as propriedades estruturais, magnÃticas e dielÃtricas dos nanobiocompÃsitos foram investigadas por DifraÃÃo de Raios-X (DRX), Espectroscopia de AbsorÃÃo na RegiÃo de Infravermelho (FTIR), AnÃlise TÃrmica (TG), Calorimetria ExploratÃria Diferencial (DSC), Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia EletrÃnica de TransmissÃo (TEM), Medidas MagnÃticas e Medidas DielÃtricas. A estrutura de espinÃlio da ferrita de NiZn foi confirmada por DRX e TEM e a amostra GMGL apesar de ser um material amorfo apresentou em seus nanobiocompÃsitos picos caracteristicos da fase de NiZn. As bandas caracterÃsticas para as amostras foram confirmadas por FTIR. Estas por sua vez seguiram um perfil de degradaÃÃo de acordo com as quantidades de NiZn incorporados, confirmados nos termogramas de DSC. A caracterizaÃÃo por MEV foi importante para avaliaÃÃo da morfologia. Os resultados das medidas dielÃtricas apresentaram baixas perdas dielÃtricas e das medidas magnÃticas mostraram comportamento magnÃtico para todos os nanobiocompÃsitos. Portanto, os resultados da caracterizaÃÃo dos nanobiocompÃsitos foram satisfatÃrios para possÃveis aplicaÃÃes como biomaterias, dispositivos eletrÃnicos ou em Ãreas afins.
In recent years, a great interest in the association of magnetic and biological materials has been reported in the literature. New composite consisting of galactomannan (GM), magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) of NiZn and glycerol (GL) were produced in different proportions with the purpose of enhancing the individual characteristics of each material for future applications. Thus, the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of nanobiocomposites were investigated by Absorption Spectroscopy in the Region of Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Magnetic Measurements and Dielectric Measurements. The structure of spinel NiZn ferrite was confirmed by XRD and TEM. Sample GMGL despite being an amorphous material presented in their nanobiocomposites characteristic peaks of phase NiZn. The characteristic bands in the samples were confirmed by FTIR. These in turn followed a degradation profile in accordance with the amounts of NiZn incorporated, which was confirmed in the DSC thermograms. The characterization by SEM was important to assess the morphology. The results of dielectric measurements showed low dielectric loss and magnetic measurements showed magnetic behavior for all nanobiocomposites. Therefore, the results of the characterization of nanobiocomposites were satisfactory for potential applications as biomaterials, electronic devices or related areas.
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Brachwitz, Kerstin. "Defekt-induzierte Leitungsmechanismen und magnetische Eigenschaften spinellartiger Ferrite." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-141251.
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Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von Defekten auf die Eigenschaften von Ferrit-Dünnfilmen untersucht. Die Dünnfilme wurden mit Hilfe von gepulster Laserabscheidung bei verschiedenen Züchtungsparametern hergestellt. Durch Variation der Substrattemperatur und des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks wurden Dünnfilme verschiedener kristalliner Qualität gezüchtet. Diese wurden hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Komposition mit Hilfe von energie-dispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie und Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie untersucht. Durch Korrelation der Ergebnisse mit Messungen zum zirkularen magnetischen Röntgendichroismus, konnte eine partielle Inversion der Spinellstruktur nachgewiesen werden. Der Grad der Inversion ist höher für geringe Abscheidetemperaturen. Für diese defektreichen Dünnfilme zeigen Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen eine geringere kristalline Ordnung der Dünnfilme. Die strukturellen Defekte haben einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften der Ferrit-Dünnfilme. So zeigen die Ferrit-Dünnfilme für geringe Züchtungstemperaturen eine erhöhte elektrische Leitfähigkeit, während Dünnfilme, die bei hohen Substrattemperaturen gezüchtet wurden, isolierend sind. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit kann auf thermisch aktivierte Hopping-Leitung oder die Leitung zwischen Clustern, die in einer Matrix eingebettet sind, zurückgeführt werden.
Die magnetischen Eigenschaften von Zinkferrit-Dünnfilmen werden maßgeblich durch Defekte in der Spinellstruktur bestimmt, da es nominell in der normalen Spinellstruktur kristallisiert und daher antiferromagnetisch ist. Die partielle Inversion der Eisen- und Zinkionen führt zu Ferrimagnetismus in den Zinkferrit-Dünnfilmen, der mit Hilfe von SQUID-Messungen in dieser Arbeit eingehend untersucht wurde.
Durch Korrelation der Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden konnten Rückschlüsse auf die dominierenden Defekte in den Ferrit-Dünnfilmen geschlossen werden. So sind zum einen Defekte auf atomarer Skala, wie Antisite-Defekte und divalenten Fe-Ionen für die erhöhte elektrische Leitfähigkeit und die größere Magnetisierung der defektreichen Dünnfilme verantwortlich. Zum anderen können ausgedehnte Defekte, im Speziellen Cluster, die in einer amorphen Matrix eingebettet sind, nicht ausgeschlossen werden.
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Queck, Cham Kiong. "Planar ferrite coupled line circulators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488295.
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Kirouane, Souad. "Conception et réalisation d'un isolateur coplanaire en bande X pour des applications télécoms." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4002.
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La minimisation des circuits et la montée en fréquence constituent deux enjeux importants des systèmes de communication du futur. Cela nécessite un haut degré d'intégration, des performances plus élevées à coût réduit. Ce travail a pour objectif la conception et la réalisation de nouveaux isolateurs réalisés sur ligne coplanaire asymétrique à base de deux types de matériaux ferrite : hexaferrite de baryum (BaM) et grenat d’yttrium et de fer (YIG). La première étude, présentée sur une structure coplanaire à couche de BaM, a été effectuée pour montrer la faisabilité d’un isolateur à déplacement de champ dans la bande 40-50 GHz. La seconde a utilisé le YIG saturé pour des applications autour de 10 GHz. La nouvelle structure d’isolateur utilise le phénomène physique de déplacement de champ lorsqu’elle est polarisée par un champmagnétique continu. Elle est constituée d’une ligne coplanaire asymétrique gravée sur une couche ou un substrat magnétique et d’un demi-plan de masse arrière. Plusieurs séries de prototypes ont été fabriquées puis caractérisées à partir d’un banc de mesure hyperfréquence composé d’un testeur sous pointes à trois accès et d’un analyseur vectoriel de réseaux. Les résultats expérimentaux sont très encourageants car nous obtenons des pertes d’insertion faibles, dans le meilleur des cas inférieures à 1 dB et une isolation de plus de 16 dBThe minimization of circuits and the increasing frequency are two important issues of future communication systems. That requires a high degree of integration, higher performance at reduced cost. This work aims to design and implementation of new isolators on coplanar line based on two types of ferrite materials: barium hexaferrite (BaM) and garnet and yttrium iron (YIG). The first study presented on a planar layer of BaM leads to the feasibility of the isolator of field displacement in the 40-50 GHz band. The second one concerns the use of saturated YIG for applications around 10 GHz. The magnetic field displacement phenomenon appears when the magnetic substrate is polarized by a D.C. magnetic field. The new isolator structure is made from an asymmetric coplanar line put on a layer or magnetic substrate with a half ground plane placed under this substrate. Several sets of prototypes are fabricated and characterized from a measurement bench which is composed by a microwave prober and a vector network analyzer. The experimental results are very promising because low insertion loss (less than 1 dB) and isolation (over 16 dB) have been obtained
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Viardin, Alexandre. "Modélisation par champ de phases de la croissance de la ferrite allotriomorphe dans les aciers Fe-C-Mn." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL014N/document.
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La ferrite allotriomorphe est une des morphologies de la ferrite dont la répartition spatiale influe fortement sur les propriétés mécaniques dans les aciers dual-phase. En fonction des traitements qu'ils subissent, la ferrite peut s'y répartir suivant les bandes de ségrégation en manganèse, issues de l'étape de solidification. Pour établir le rôle que joue le processus de croissance de la ferrite allotriomorphe sur la mise en place de la structure en bandes, nous avons développé un modèle de champ de phases possédant deux spécificités originales, imposées par le problème. D'une part, ce modèle est capable de reproduire les différents régimes cinétiques observés dans les alliages ternaires Fe-C-X, pilotés par la présence concomittante du carbone diffusant rapidement,et d'un élément substitutionnel X diffusant lentement. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence la transition d'un régime initial rapide de paraéquilibre vers une croissance lente en orthoéquilibre, en bon accord avec des résultats expérimentaux de la littérature. D'autre part, notre modèle incorpore de manière économe la présence des joints de grains austénitiques, dont le rôle dans l'élimination des structures en bande est souligné par nos calculs. Nous observons ainsi qu'il existe un seuil d'intensité deségrégation en manganèse en dessous duquel le mouillage de la ferrite le long des joints de grain de plus grande énergie peut contrecarrer la croissance dans les bandes ségrégées négativementThe growth of allotriomorphic ferrite plays a major role in the formation of martensite bands in Dual-Phase steels. We have thus developed a phase field model to study the ferritic growth in different ternary Fe-C-X alloys, incorporating two necessary features. First, we have paid a particular attention to recover the different growth regimes due to the huge difference between the diffusion rates of Cand X substitutional species. Our calculations have exhibited a transition from fast paraequilibrium to slow orthoequilibrium in good agreement with experimental measurements in the literature. Second, austenite grain boundaries have been included in the model because they can conterbalance the manganese segregation bands, as shown in our calculations. Indeed, our results show that the bands can be broken bythe wetting of ferrite along the austenite grain boundaries, provided that the segregation is below a threshold value, and provided that the grain boundary energies are sufficiently high
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Han, Ping. "Characterization of MnZn ferrite materials and finite element method for MnZn ferrite core loss calculations." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06082009-170857/.
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Fernandes, de Medeiros Indira Aritana. "Nanostructuration de ferrites de cobalt CoxFe3-xO4 : Effets sur la catalyse et la détection de gaz polluants." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0007/document.
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Différentes méthodes de synthèses ont été mises au point pour contrôler la forme et la composition des nanoparticules. L’effet de la nature et la concentration des surfactants, des solvants, la température et le temps de synthèse a également été étudié. Les poudres ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X et microscopie électronique à transmission, couplée à la spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive. Des propriétés catalytiques et de détection ont été évaluées respectivement en présence de faibles concentrations de CO et de NO2 dans de l’air synthétique.Des nanooctaèdres de CoxFe3-xO4 ( x=1, 1,5 et x = 1,8 ) de 15-20 nm ont été produits par synthèse hydrothermale en utilisant différents surfactants (CTAB, SDS et PVP). Des nanocubes de tailles différentes de CoFe2O4 ont été produits par synthèse solvothermique en utilisant l'oléylamine comme surfactant. La poudre de CoxFe3-xO4 avec x = 1,5 a une activité plus élevée pour la conversion du CO que les nanooctaèdres x=1, et la conversion a lieu à plus basse température dans le cas des nanocubes. Les nanocubes présentent une sensibilité inférieure de détection au NO2 à celle des nanooctaèdres, ce qui indique que les faces {111} sont plus réactives que les faces {100} dans les nanoparticules de ferrites de cobaltDifferent synthesis methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal and thermal decomposition were developed to control nanoparticles shape and composition. The influence of synthesis parameters such as the nature of surfactants, the solvents, temperature and time of synthesis were also investigated. The powders were characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy. The catalytic and detection properties were evaluated in presence of CO and NO2 in synthetic air. CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 1, 1.5 ) nanooctahedra with 15-20 nm were produced by hydrothermal synthesis using different surfactants (CTAB, SDS and PVP). Nanocubes of CoFe2O4 were successfully obtained by solvothermal synthesis using oleylamine as surfactant. Nanooctahedra of CoxFe3-xO4 with x = 1.5 have higher activity for the CO conversion than those with x=1, and the conversion starts at lower temperature for the nanocubes. The nanocubes show lower sensitivity for the detection of NO2 than the nanooctahedra which indicates that the {111} faces are more reactive than the {100} ones in cobalt ferrites nanoparticles
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Ajroudi, LIlia. "Ferrites de cobalt nanostructurés ; élaboration, caractérisation, propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0017.
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Ce travail est consacré à l’élaboration et l’étude des propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiques denanomatériaux à base de ferrite de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrite de cobalt (CoxFe3-xO4 , x=0.6,1,1.2,1.8 ) ont étéélaborées par une nouvelle méthode chimique solvo-thermale. Les nanopoudres obtenues sont très bien cristallisées ontdes tailles de particules qui varient avec le taux de cobalt entre 4 et 7 nm et sont très homogènes en composition. Lesnanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt sont monophasées, de structure spinelle avec un paramètre de maille qui varie enfonction du taux de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt ne s’oxydent pas sous air et en température .Lesnanopoudres de composition proches de x=1 sont stables jusqu’à 900°C, alors que pour de plus forts écarts à lastoechiométrie, des transformations de phase ont lieu au delà de 550°C.Les mesures catalytiques ont mis en évidence l’oxydation de CH4 en CO2 après passage sur le catalyseur pour tous leséchantillons. L’efficacité catalytique est maximale et l’énergie d’activation est la plus faible pour l’échantillon x=1.8 ;ceci est lié à la plus grande surface spécifique, et au plus fort taux de sites actifs pour cette composition.Les ferrites de cobalt élaborées présentent une conduction de type électronique avec un comportement semi conducteurjusqu’à 500-600°C et un comportement métallique au-delà. Les variations de conductivité d’une composition à l’autres’expliquent par les variations du nombre de paires [Co2+,Fe3+].Les nanoparticules ont un comportement superparamagnétique quelle que soit la composition. Ce comportement estdû principalement à un effet de taille et de forme, et à une distribution cationique différente entre les deux types desites tétraédriques et octaédriques de la structure spinelle. Ces ferrites présentent une aimantation à saturation prochede celle de l’état massif, du fait de la grande qualité cristalline attribuée à la méthode d’élaboration mise au pointThis work is devoted to the synthesis and the study of the physical properties of cobalt ferrite nanomaterials. Thecobalt ferrite nanopowders (CoxFe3-xO4 , x=0.6,1,1.2,1.8 ) were synthesized by a new solvo thermal chemical route.The nanopowders are highly crystallized, very homogeneous in size and chemical composition. The nanopowderssizes are ranged from 4 nm for high cobalt content to 7 nm for low cobalt content. They are single phased, with thespinel structure, and a cell parameter varying with the cobalt content. The cobalt ferrites do not oxidize, when heatedunder air. For compositions near x=1, the cobalt ferrites are stable when heated under air up to 900°C, as for the othercompositions, phase transformations occur above 550°C.The catalytic measurements have shown the oxidation of CH4 into CO2 in presence of the catalyst for all thecompositions. Cobalt ferrite with composition x=1.8, presents the lowest activation energy and the best catalyticefficiency; this can be related to the great specific surface and the high rate of active sites for this composition.Concerning the conduction properties, the cobalt ferrites exhibit a semiconductor character up to 500-600 ° C and ametallic one above. Changes in conductivity from a composition to another are explained by changes in the number ofpairs [Co2+, Fe3+].A superparamagnetic behaviour was evidenced whatever the composition. This is due for one part to a size and shapeeffect and for the other part to different cationic distribution between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. These ferriteshave a saturation magnetization close to that of the massive state, because of the high crystallinity of the nanopowders,attributed to the synthesis method developed in this work
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Bischoff, Marten. "Dielektrische Eigenschaften nanoskaliger Ferrite und Hochfrequenzmessungen." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2005. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7175.pdf.
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Lee, Chung-Kook. "Crystallization of Nano-sized barium ferrite." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19920.
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Dondero, Russell A. "Silica coating of spinel ferrite nanoparticles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27375.
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McAtamney, Karen Marie. "Transition metal aryloxides as ferrite precursors." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326372.
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Kitra, Maria I. "Low-SAR ferrite handset antenna design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35984.
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The purpose of this project was the study of electrically small material coated antennas. In particular the use of a hybrid dielectric-ferrite material was examined, compared to dielectric alone, and ways it can improve antenna performance. The benefits resulting from the inclusion of ferrite were examined using both analytical and experimental methods. Initially a spherical analytical mathematical model was developed, to examine antenna efficiency, bandwidth and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in terms of different mixtures of relative permittivity εr and permeability μr. The theoretical model was then validated through a numerical transmission line matrix (TLM) simulation tool, applied to spherical and rectangular resonator geometries. It was observed that a material with equal values of relative permittivity and permeability in combination with specific positioning of the antenna in relation to the head, can give rise to the definitive small-size, high-efficiency, high-bandwidth, low-SAR antenna.
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Mercier, Adrien. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation de composants magnétiques monolithiques réalisés par PECS/SPS et à leurs applications en électronique de puissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN057/document.
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L’augmentation des fréquences de commutation des alimentations induit de nouvelles problématiques pour les composants. Que ces composants soient actifs ou passifs, il est nécessaire de contrôler les pertes afin que les rendements restent acceptables. La thèse se propose d’étudier et de fabriquer une nouvelle structure de transformateur destiné à s’insérer dans une alimentation à découpage. Ces transformateurs sont produits à l’aide du procédé PECS/SPS, qui est une technologie de frittage. Cette technologie permet de fritter des ferrites tout autour des enroulements primaires et secondaires. Il en résulte que les composants sont monolithiques.Une première partie présente l’état de l’art, ainsi que le magnétisme dans la matière. Il s’ensuit un chapitre dédié à la fabrication des matériaux magnétiques utilisés durant la thèse : les ferrites.Une deuxième partie concerne les ferrites fabriqués par le procédé PECS/SPS. Il est question dans un premier temps d’étudier l’anisotropie magnétocristalline de ces matériaux, et il est possible de la diminuer en jouant sur la composition chimique. Dans un second temps, d’autres grandeurs telles que la perméabilité ou la polarisation sont mesurées, toujours en fonction de la composition chimique. Les principaux résultats montrent que le frittage par le procédé PECS/SPS est plus réducteur que le frittage classique, ce qui dégrade certaines propriétés comme la résistivité des ferrites. Un dernier chapitre est dédié à la réalisation des transformateurs monolithiques. Un protocole détaillé de la fabrication est alors présenté.Une troisième partie illustre le fonctionnement des transformateurs réalisés. Les mesures usuelles permettent d’identifier les inductances propres, mutuelles et de fuite. Les valeurs de ces inductances montrent qu’il est plus judicieux d’utiliser les composants fabriqués non pas en tant que transformateur, mais en tant que coupleur. Enfin un convertisseur basé sur une structure de type VRM est réalisé. La fréquence de découpage est de 2 MHz, le rendement est supérieur à 90 %, et la densité de puissance est de 15 kW/litreThe increase in switching frequency of power supply induces new problems for the components. These components are active or passive, it is necessary to control the losses so that efficiency remains acceptable. The thesis deals with the study and production of a new transformer structure intended to be part of a switching power supply. These transformers are produced using PECS/SPS method, which is a sintering technology. This technology can be sintered ferrite around the primary and secondary windings. It follows that the components are monolithic.A first part presents the state of the art, and magnetism in the matter. It follows a chapter dedicated to the manufacture of magnetic materials used in the thesis : the ferrites.A second part concerns the ferrites produced by the PECS / SPS process. Firstly, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of these materials is studied, and it is possible to decrease it by varying the chemical composition. In a second stage, other variables such as the permeability or the polarization are measured, always depending on the chemical composition. The main results show that the sintering by PECS / SPS method is more reducing than conventional sintering, which degrades certain properties such as the resistivity of the ferrites. The last chapter is dedicated to the realization of monolithic processors. A detailed manufacturing protocol is presented.A third part shows the operation of the realized transformers. The usual measurements allow identifying self, mutual and leakage inductances. The values of these inductances show that it is better to use components made not as a transformer, but as a coupler. Finally a converter based on a VRM structure is realized. The switching frequency is 2 MHz, the efficiency is greater than 90%, and the power density is 15 kW / liter
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Recouvreur, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des liants organiques pour ferrites étude de l'alcool polyvinylique dans le ferrite manganèse-zinc /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600681v.
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Sauerwald, Frank. "Impedanzspektroskopie im System CoFe2O4-MnFe2O4." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2005/0094/.
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Nemrava, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Charakterisierung iso- und aliovalent substituierter M-artiger Ferrite und Ferrite des R-Typs / Sandra Nemrava." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147674337/34.
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Tourinho, Francisco. "Ferrofluides a base de ferrite de cobalt et de ferrite de manganese : elaboration, comportement physicochimique et magnetique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066570.
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Tourinho, Francisco. "Ferrofluides à base de ferrite de cobalt et de ferrite de manganèse élaboration, comportement physicochimique et magnétique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376189349.
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Moura, Alysson Elson Galv?o de. "S?ntese, sinteriza??o e caracteriza??o de ferritas ? base de Ni-Zn." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17599.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-24Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Were synthesized different ferrites NixZn1-xFe2O4 (0,4 ≤ x ≤ 0,6) compositions by using citrate precursor method. Initially, the precursors citrates of iron, nickel and zinc were mixed and homogenized. The stoichiometric compositions were calcined at 350?C without atmosphere control and the calcined powders were pressed in pellets and toroids. The pressed material was sintered from 1100? up to 1200?C in argon atmosphere. The calcined powders were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTG, FTIR, SEM and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). All sintered samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, VSM and measurements of magnetic permeability and loss factor were obtained. It was formed pure ferromagnetic phase at all used temperatures. The Rietveld analyses allowed to calculate the cations level occupation and the crystallite size. The analyses obtained nanometric crystals (12-20 nm) to the calcined powder. By SEM, the sintered samples shows grains sizes from 1 to 10 μm. Sintered densities (ρ) were measured by the Archimedes method and with increasing Zn content, the bulk density decrease. The better magnetization results (105-110 emu/g) were obtained for x=0,6 at all sintering temperatures. The hysteresis shows characteristics of soft magnetic material. Two magnetization processes were considered, superparamagnetism at low temperature and the magnetic domains formation at high temperatures. The sintered toroids presents relative magnetic permeability (μr) from 7 to 32 and loss factor (tanδ) of about 1. The frequency response of toroids range from 0,3 kHz to 0,2 GHz. The composition x=0,5 presents both greater μr and tanδ values and x=0,6 the most broad range of frequency response. Various microstructural factors show influence on the behavior of μr and tanδ, such as: grain size, porosity across grain boundary and inside the grain, grain boundary content and domain walls movement during the process of magnetization at high frequency studies (0,3kKz 0,2 GHz)
Foram sintetizadas diferentes composi??es da ferrita Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 com 0,4 ≤ x ≤ 0,6 pelo uso do m?todo dos citratos precursores. Para se obter a fase estequiom?trica do sistema Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 foram misturados e homogeneizados os citratos precursores de ferro, n?quel e zinco. As composi??es estequiom?tricas foram calcinadas em atmosfera ambiente na temperatura de 350?C e depois prensadas em pastilhas e tor?ides. As amostras prensadas foram sinterizadas nas temperaturas de 1100?, 1150? e 1200?C em atmosfera de arg?nio. Os p?s calcinados foram caracterizados por DRX, TGA/DTG, FTIR, MEV e magnetometria de amostra vibrante (MAV) e as amostras sinterizadas por DRX, MEV, MAV, massa espec?fica e medidas de permeabilidade e perdas magn?ticas. Observou-se a forma??o de fase pura ferrimagn?tica em todas as temperaturas aplicadas. A an?lise pelo m?todo de Rietveld calculou o n?vel de ocupa??o dos c?tions e o tamanho de cristalito. Foram obtidos tamanhos de cristais nanom?tricos, de 12 a 20 nm para os p?s calcinados. Por MEV, as amostras sinterizadas apresentam tamanhos de gr?os na faixa de 1 a 10 μm. A massa espec?fica (ρ) do material sinterizado apresenta uma tend?ncia de diminui??o com a adi??o de Zn. Os melhores resultados de magnetiza??o foram obtidos para x=0,6 nas tr?s temperaturas de sinteriza??o, variando de 105 a 110 emu/g. As histereses mostram um perfil de materiais magn?ticos moles. Dois processos de magnetiza??o foram considerados, o superparamagnetismo a baixa temperatura (350?C) e a forma??o de dom?nios magn?ticos em altas temperaturas. Os materiais sinterizados apresentam permeabilidade (μ) de algumas unidades, de 7 a 30, e perdas magn?ticas (tanδ) por volta de 1. A resposta em freq??ncia dos n?cleos toroidais est? na faixa de 0,3 kHz a 0,2 GHz. Os maiores valores de μ e tanδ s?o para x=0,5 e a maior faixa de resposta em freq??ncia ? para x=0,6. V?rios fatores da microestrutura contribuem para o comportamento das grandezas μ e tanδ, tais como: os tamanhos dos gr?os, porosidade inter e intragranular, quantidade de contornos de gr?os e os aspectos da din?mica das paredes de dom?nios quando excitadas magneticamente sob alta freq??ncia
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Oliveira, Flavio Henrique. "Preparação e caracterização de compostos tipo hidrotalcita com metais Ni-Fe-Cu." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249014.
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Orientador: Oswaldo Luiz AlvesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Sistemas ternários tipo hidrotalcita contendo metais de transição Ni, Fe e Cu tendo o ânion interlamelar o carbonato foram preparados através de um estudo sistemático de composição e parâmetros de síntese. Diferentes quantidades de Cu foram introduzidas na camada tipo brucita da hidrotalcita, sendo estas quantidades de 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 % em relação a quantidade de Níquel. De acordo com difratogramas para baixas quantidades de cobre (10 e 20 %) a fase hidrotalcita apresentou-se pura, para maiores quantidades de cobre ocorreu segregação de fase a qual foi identificada como CuO. A preparação dos compostos ternários foi feita tendo como razão de metal II para metal III 2:1, essa razão entre os metais foi confirmada através de análises de ICP a qual demonstrou exata proporção entre os metais nas amostras. Análise térmica apresentaram um comportamento típico para hidrotalcitas, apresentando duas transições características a 170 °C e a 280 ºC. Devido à ocorrência de alta segregação de fases que ocorre na precipitação com estes metais, foram realizados experimentos com diferentes temperaturas de precipitação e os resultados preliminares indicam a formação de uma fase pura em baixas temperaturas. Compostos preparados com 30 % de Cu a temperatura ambiente apresenta segregação de fase o que não ocorre a temperaturas próximas a 0 ºC, temperaturas elevadas (60 °C) favorecem a formação de óxidos durante a precipitação. Portanto baixas temperaturas de precipitação resultam em fases puras de hidrotalcitas para concentrações de cobre intermediarias, como conseqüência é possível preparar amostras com altas concentrações de cobre na estrutura lamelar com a fase da hidrotalcita pura. Com estes metais de transição na estrutura lamelar este sistema pode vir a ser um bom precursor na formação de óxidos dos respectivos metais que constituem o composto, com a finalidade de ser utilizada em catálise
Abstract: Ternary systems of hydrotalcite-like compouds containing transition metals Ni, Fe and Cu and the interlayer anion the carbonate were prepared through a systematic study of composition and synthesis parameters. Different amounts of Cu were introduced into the layer hydrotalcite, and the figure of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% on the amount of Nickel. According to difratograms, for low quantities of copper (10 and 20%) the phase is pure hydrotalcite and for larger quantities of copper segregation occurred, which was identified as CuO. The preparation of ternary compound was made with the ratio of metal II to metal III 2:1, the ratio between the metals was confirmed through analysis of ICP which showed exact proportion between the metals in the samples. Thermal analysis showed a typical behavior for hydrotalcite, presenting features two transitions to 170 ° C and 280 C. Due to the high occurrence of segregation of phases in the precipitation that occurs with these metals, experiments were performed with different temperatures and precipitation and the preliminary results indicate the formation of a pure phase at low temperatures. Compounds prepared with 30% of Cu at room temperature shows segregation of the stage that does not occur at temperatures close to 0 º C, high temperature (60 C) favor the formation of oxides during the precipitation. In conclusion, low temperatures of precipitation result in phases of pure hydrotalcite for an intermediary concentration of copper, as a result, is possible to prepare samples with high concentrations of copper in the lamellar structure with pure phase of hydrotalcite. With these transitions metals in the lamellar structure this systems might be a good precursor in the formation of oxides of the metals that constitute the compound in order to be used in catalysis
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestre em Química
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Giske, Gustav, and Mikael Hug. "Linear Ferrite Generator Prototype for Wave Power." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228744.
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A linear, direct drive, scale model prototype generator has been designed at KTH Royal Institute of technology in Sweden. The prototype is based on a scaled down electromagnetic optimization made by researcher Anders Hagnestål. The aim of the project is to verify the calculations experimentally and by using ferrite magnets, there is an opportunity to develop a competitively priced and environmentally friendly generator for wave power plants. Based on the electromagnetic optimization a mechanical design has been developed using computer aided design (CAD). Structural calculations have been made to ensure that the design withstands the large magnetic forces involved. Furthermore, different techniques and challenges appearing in the build of the prototype have been evaluated and explained. A description of the advantages of the design and the basic electromagnetic design is also included. The build is underway and is expected to be finished during 2018.En linjär direktdriven generatorprototyp har designats på KTH, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan i Sverige. Prototypen är baserad på en nerskalad elektromagnetisk optimering gjord av Anders Hagnestål. Målet med projektet är att verifiera beräkningar experimentellt och genom att använda ferritmagneter finns det en möjlighet att utveckla en konkurrenskraftig och miljövänligare generator för vågkraftverk. Baserat på den elektromagnetiska optimeringen har en mekanisk design tagits fram med hjälp av datorstödd design (CAD). Hållfasthetsberäkningar har gjorts för att säkerställa att designen klarar av de stora magnetiska krafter den utsätts för. Vidare har även olika tekniker och utmaningar som uppstått i byggnationen utvärderats och beskrivits. En beskrivning av designens fördelar och den grundläggande elektromagnetiska designen har även inkluderats. Byggnationen pågår och beräknas vara färdig under 2018.
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Buron, Marie-Pierre. "Elaboration, caractérisations structurale et morphologique, propriétés magnétiques de pigments composites : ferrite de cuivre-magnétite, ferrite de cobalt-magnétite." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30266.
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Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans la recherche de nouvelles voies d'elaboration de pigments destines aux media particulaires pour l'enregistrement magnetique haute-densite. Ils portent sur la synthese par chimie douce de particules submicroniques composites de ferrites spinelles et l'etude de leurs proprietes magnetiques. L'elaboration en milieu hydroalcoolique de precurseurs oxaliques du ferrite de cuivre presente plusieurs caracteristiques remarquables. Lors de la nucleation apparaissent deux precipites distincts d'oxalate de cuivre et d'oxalate de fer pratiquement exempt de cuivre. Une redissolution des agregats d'oxalate de cuivre survient pendant la croissance des aiguilles d'oxalate de fer, formant ainsi des particules d'oxalate mixte fer-cuivre a gradient de concentration. Le controle des melange et micromelange des solutions permet l'obtention de particules aciculaires submicroniques d'oxalate mixte cu#1#/#3fe#2#/#3c#2o#4, nh#2o (n1,75). Le traitement thermique de ces precurseurs conduit a des aiguilles de ferrite de cuivre quadratique de dimensions controlees, dont la coercivite evolue avec le volume des particules, de 1600oe (aiguilles de 1 a 2 micrometres de long) a 1300oe (0,25 micrometre). La derive thermique de la coercivite est inferieure a 1/k#-#1. De fort champ coercitif, chimiquement et thermiquement stables, ces pigments possedent toutefois de faibles aimantations, inherentes aux distributions cationiques dans ces ferrites. Utilisant comme substrat ces particules mais egalement des particules de ferrite de cobalt, des pigments magnetiques composites ont ete realises par cristallisation epitaxique de magnetite en milieu alcalin. L'aimantation de ces composites augmente proportionnellement a la fraction massique du revetement ; cette evolution s'accompagne d'une diminution de la coercivite. L'energie d'anisotropie magnetite resultante s'avere etre tres proche de la somme ponderee des energies d'anisotropie de chaque composant
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Camus, Olivier. "Modélisation des propriétés magnétiques de matériaux ferrite et de composites à base de ferrite absorbant le rayonnement électromagnétique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL022N.
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Cette étude porte sur la modélisation de la perméabilité magnétique de ferrites pour leur utilisation en tant qu'absorbants aux ondes hyperfréquences. Les ferrites étudiés se trouvent sous la forme de matériaux frittés ou de composites. L’absorption d'une onde électromagnétique par des ferrites frittés est provoquée par la rotation de l'aimantation dans des domaines magnétiques et par le déplacement des parois entre ces domaines. Nous développons des modèles basés sur l'association de phénomènes résonants et/ou relaxants pour représenter la dépendance en fréquence de la perméabilité magnétique. Ces différents modèles sont validés expérimentalement pour déterminer celui qui représente le mieux les mesures de perméabilité de ferrites frittés ou de composites à base de ferrite. Les matériaux composites sont constitués d'une matrice polymère non magnétique au sein de laquelle sont dispersées des particules magnétiques de ferrite. De nombreuses lois de mélange ont été développées dans le but de modéliser la perméabilité de tels matériaux. Certaines de ces lois, basées sur l'approximation quasi-statique ou sur l'hypothèse du milieu effectif, sont appliquées à des mesures expérimentales. Cependant, ces lois, au contraire de la loi du milieu effectif généralisé (GEM), ne peuvent représenter la transition entre l'état non magnétique et l'état magnétique du composite à la percolation. L’analyse d'image effectuée sur les composites permet de valider les paramètres de la GEM et de vérifier si cette loi peut devenir prédictive
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Altan, Hakki Ilhan. "X-band High Power Ferrite Phase Shifters." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612410/index.pdf.
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Ferrite phase shifters are key components of passive phased array antenna systems.
In a modern radar system, microwave components in the transmit path should handle
high microwave power levels. Also low loss operation in phase shifters is critical,
since radar range depends on the microwave power transmitted from the antennas. In
this respect, ferrite phase shifters provide required performance characteristics for
phased array radar systems. In this thesis, Reggia-Spencer type and twin-toroid type
ferrite phase shifters operating at X-Band are designed, simulated, fabricated and
measured. Measurements of the fabricated ferrite phase shifters are compared with
simulation results. Electromagnetic simulations are performed using CST.
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Hatling, Oddmund. "Multiferroic, Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles : Lanthanum-substituted Bismuth Ferrite." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16315.
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In this report, 10 at% lanthanum was introduced to the perovskite structure of bismuth ferrite at the expense of bismuth through a modified Pechini wet chemical method. Green body powders were calcined at several temperatures, and the lattice parameters for each size were found by Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. The parameters displayed strong size-dependent properties, and the rhombohedral distortion from the cubic structure was reduced by decreased particle size. With decreasing crystallite size, the Néel temperature decreased and the cooperative cationic displacement (s - t) showed size dependence at crystallite sizes below 30 nm. A size-dependency was also observed in the Curie temperature.
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Qureshi, Omar Osman. "The modelling of ferrite-loaded helical devices." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2918/.
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Helical devices are employed in the area of microwave technology. Applications such as filters and travelling-wave tubes are some of these in which helical devices are used. Ferrite loaded helical devices have been of interest to scientists and engineers throughout the last half century. The structure that is considered in this thesis is of a helix surrounded by a ferrite tube, both of which are enclosed in a cylindrical waveguide. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism are employed in order to derive the expressions for the electric and magnetic fields. The parameters of the structure are varied in order to observe how certain factors will affect the dispersiveness, loss and phase shift of the structure. The investigation considers the effect of varying the applied magnetic field. The investigation also incorporates an air gap between the ferrite and helix and between the ferrite and metal waveguide. For the first time, the affects of these air gaps are analysed.
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Scott, Byron L. "Magneto-Optical Study of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/623.
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A magneto-optical study of CoxFe1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles is presented, with cobalt molar ratio 0.x.1. The ferrite nanoparticles were produced using a generic wet-chemical synthesis procedure. Stoichiometric amounts of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ salts are dissolved in a non-aqueous polar medium (diethylene glycol). A coprecipitation reaction with sodium hydroxide produces ferrite nanoparticles with average diameter of 6 nm. The nanoparticles can be stabilized by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide in water, or, alternatively, the nanoparticles can be treated with a hydrophobic capping ligand with a carboxylic acid or amine head group and suspended in a non-polar organic solvent. As a complete structural analysis of this series of samples is quite difficult due to the similarities of the constituents, magneto-optical spectroscopy is performed to decode the structural orientations of each cation involved. Faraday rotation was measured on nanoparticle samples dried on an amorphous silica substrate from 400-1000 nm.
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Abdulwahab, Khadijat Olabisi. "Synthesis and characterisation of monodispersed ferrite nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-monodispersed-ferrite-nanoparticles(d262d9d1-12d8-43e4-b355-6692411a7abb).html.
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The work presented in this thesis reports the use of a series of iron pivalate clusters as single source precursors for the synthesis of colloidal iron oxides, ternary ferrites and quaternary ferrite nanoparticles. The iron pivalate clusters [Fe3O(O2CtBu)6(H2O)3](O2CtBu).HO2CtBu, Fe8(OH)4(O2CtBu)12(OC6H4C6H5)8] and [Fe3O(O2CtBu)6(C5H5N)3] were used to synthesise iron oxide nanoparticles by the hot injection thermolysis method. The effect of reaction time was studied for [Fe3O(O2CtBu)6(H2O)3](O2CtBu).HO2CtBu at 260 °C gave a mixture of maghemite-C (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) for the aliquots withdrawn for reaction times of less than 30 minutes whilst only magnetite was obtained after one hour. The diameters of the nanoparticles increase in the higher boiling point solvent; 4.3 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.5 nm were produced at 260 °C and 289 °C respectively. Heterometallic pivalate clusters of [Fe2CoO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3], [Co4Fe2O2(O2CtBu)10], [Fe2MnO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3], [Zn4Fe2O2(O2CtBu)10] and [Fe2NiO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3] were used to synthesise cobalt, manganese, zinc and nickel ferrites respectively. Quaternary ferrite was synthesised from the thermolysis of [CrCoFeO(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3]. TEM showed that highly monodispersed spherical ferrite nanoparticles were obtained using 0.50 mmol precursor concentrations at 260 °C in all cases except for [Co4Fe2O2(O2CtBu)10] for which a nearly monodispersed nanoparticles were produced. The decomposition of precursors at 0.25 mmol at different temperatures revealed that larger ferrites nanoparticles were obtained at higher temperature whilst for cobalt ferrite from [Co4Fe2O2(O2CtBu)10], smaller nanoparticles appeared. In all cases, reaction times of less than 1 hour contain traces of iron oxide whilst only pure binary/quartenary ferrite was obtained after one hour. Magnetic measurements revealed that all the iron oxide and ferrite particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature with high saturation magnetisation values. X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) analysis confirmed that in cobalt and nickel ferrite particles, most of the nickel and cobalt cations are in the octahedral site. Water-dispersible magnetite and ferrite (MFe2O4 where M = Co, Ni, Zn, Mn) nanoparticles were synthesised from the iron based pivalate clusters. All the ferrites nanoparticles produced are monodispersed without a further size selection process.
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Petosa, Aldo Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electronics. "Ferrite and dielectric antennas for personal communications." Ottawa, 1995.
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Liu, Yuhang. "First Principle Study of Multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364857.
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Hug, Mikael, and Gustav Giske. "Linear Ferrite Generator Prototype for Wave Power." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239384.
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A linear, direct drive, scale model prototype generator has been designed at KTH Royal Institute of technology in Sweden. The prototype is based on a scaled down electromagnetic optimization made by researcher Anders Hagnestål. The aim of the project is to verify the calculations experimentally and by using ferrite magnets, there is an opportunity to develop a competitively priced and environmentally friendly generator for wave power plants. Based on the electromagnetic optimization a mechanical design has been developed using computer aided design (CAD). Structural calculations have been made to ensure that the design withstands the large magnetic forces involved. Furthermore, different techniques and challenges appearing in the build of the prototype have been evaluated and explained. A description of the advantages of the design and the basic electromagnetic design is also included. The build is underway and is expected to be finished during 2018.
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Ohlsson, Simon. "IGSCC in weld with high ferrite content." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252691.
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Nguyen, Thi Yen Mai. "Ferrite-based micro-inductors for power systems on chip : from material elaboration to inductor optimisation." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2564/.
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Les composants passifs intégrés sont des éléments clés pour les futures alimentations sur puce, compactes et présentant des performances améliorées: haut rendement et forte densité de puissance. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier les matériaux et la technologie pour réaliser de bobines à base de ferrite, intégrées sur silicium, avec des faibles empreintes (<4 mm ²) et de faible épaisseur (<250 µm). Ces bobines, dédiées à la conversion de puissance (˜ 1 W) doivent présenter une forte inductance spécifique et un facteur de qualité élevé dans la gamme de fréquence visée (5-10 MHz). Des ferrites de NiZn ont été sélectionnées comme matériaux magnétiques pour le noyau des bobines en raison de leur forte résistivité et de leur perméabilité stable dans la gamme de fréquence visée. Deux techniques sont développées pour les noyaux de ferrite: la sérigraphie d'une poudre synthétisée au laboratoire et la découpe automatique de films de ferrite commerciaux, suivi dans chaque cas du frittage et le placement sur les conducteurs pour former une bobine rectangulaire. Des bobines tests ont été réalisées dans un premier temps afin que la caractérisation puisse être effectuée : les propriétés magnétiques du noyau de ferrite notamment les pertes volumiques dans le noyau sont ainsi extraites. L'équation de Steinmetz a permis de corréler les courbes de pertes mesurées avec des expressions analytiques en fonction de la fréquence et de l'induction. La deuxième phase de la thèse est l'optimisation de la conception de la micro-bobine à base de ferrite, en tenant compte des pertes attendues. L'algorithme générique est utilisé pour optimiser les dimensions de la bobine avec pour objectif ; la minimisation des pertes et l'obtention de la valeur d'inductance spécifique souhaitée, sous faible polarisation en courant. La méthode des éléments finis pour le magnétisme FEMM est utilisée pour modéliser le comportement électromagnétique du composant. La deuxième série de prototypes a été réalisée afin de valider la méthode d'optimisation. En perspective, les procédés de photolithographie de résine épaisse et le dépôt électrolytique sont en cours de développement pour réaliser les enroulements de cuivre épais autour des noyaux de ferrite optimisés et ainsi former le composant completOn-chip inductors are key passive elements for future power supplies on chip (PwrSoC), which are expected to be compact and show enhanced performance: high efficiency and high power density. The objective of this thesis work is to study the material and technology to realize small size (<4 mm²) and low profile (< 250 µm) ferrite-based on-chip inductor. This component is dedicated to low power conversion (˜ 1 W) and should provide high inductance density and high quality factor at medium frequency range (5-10 MHz). Fully sintered NiZn ferrites are selected as soft magnetic materials for the inductor core because of their high resistivity and moderate permeability stable in the frequencies range of interest. Two techniques are developed for the ferrite cores: screen printing of in-house made ferrite powder and cutting of commercial ferrite films, followed in each case by sintering and pick-and place assembling to form the rectangular toroid inductor. Test inductors were realized first so that the characterization could be carried out to study the magnetic properties of the ferrite core and the volumetric core losses. The core losses were fit from the measured curve with Steinmetz equation to obtain analytical expressions of losses versus frequency and induction. The second phase of the thesis is the design optimization for the on-chip ferrite based inductor, taking into account the expected losses. Genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the inductor design with the objective function as minimum losses and satisfying the specification on the inductance values under weak current-bias condition. Finite element method for magnetics FEMM is used as a tool to calculate inductance and losses. The second run of prototypes was done to validate the optimization method. In perspective, processes of thick-photoresist photolithography and electroplating are being developed to realize the completed thick copper windings surrounding ferrite cores
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Fernandes, de Medeiros Indira Aritana. "Nanostructuration de ferrites de cobalt CoxFe3-xO4 : Effets sur la catalyse et la détection de gaz polluants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0007.
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Différentes méthodes de synthèses ont été mises au point pour contrôler la forme et la composition des nanoparticules. L’effet de la nature et la concentration des surfactants, des solvants, la température et le temps de synthèse a également été étudié. Les poudres ont été caractérisées par diffraction des rayons X et microscopie électronique à transmission, couplée à la spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive. Des propriétés catalytiques et de détection ont été évaluées respectivement en présence de faibles concentrations de CO et de NO2 dans de l’air synthétique.Des nanooctaèdres de CoxFe3-xO4 ( x=1, 1,5 et x = 1,8 ) de 15-20 nm ont été produits par synthèse hydrothermale en utilisant différents surfactants (CTAB, SDS et PVP). Des nanocubes de tailles différentes de CoFe2O4 ont été produits par synthèse solvothermique en utilisant l'oléylamine comme surfactant. La poudre de CoxFe3-xO4 avec x = 1,5 a une activité plus élevée pour la conversion du CO que les nanooctaèdres x=1, et la conversion a lieu à plus basse température dans le cas des nanocubes. Les nanocubes présentent une sensibilité inférieure de détection au NO2 à celle des nanooctaèdres, ce qui indique que les faces {111} sont plus réactives que les faces {100} dans les nanoparticules de ferrites de cobaltDifferent synthesis methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal and thermal decomposition were developed to control nanoparticles shape and composition. The influence of synthesis parameters such as the nature of surfactants, the solvents, temperature and time of synthesis were also investigated. The powders were characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy. The catalytic and detection properties were evaluated in presence of CO and NO2 in synthetic air. CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 1, 1.5 ) nanooctahedra with 15-20 nm were produced by hydrothermal synthesis using different surfactants (CTAB, SDS and PVP). Nanocubes of CoFe2O4 were successfully obtained by solvothermal synthesis using oleylamine as surfactant. Nanooctahedra of CoxFe3-xO4 with x = 1.5 have higher activity for the CO conversion than those with x=1, and the conversion starts at lower temperature for the nanocubes. The nanocubes show lower sensitivity for the detection of NO2 than the nanooctahedra which indicates that the {111} faces are more reactive than the {100} ones in cobalt ferrites nanoparticles
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Gradzki, Pawel Miroslaw. "Core loss characterization and design optimization of high-frequency power ferrite devices in power electronics applications." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165934/.
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Verdier, Thomas. "Elaboration de poudres nanostructurées de ferrites de manganèse-zinc par mécanosynthèse : Influence des paramètres de broyage." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES042.
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Les ferrites mixtes de Mn-Zn ont un grand intérêt commercial du fait de leurs propriétés magnétiques à haute fréquence. Cette thèse présente l’influence des modes de broyage sur la synthèse de ferrites Mn-Zn à partir d’oxydes simples. La ferrite obtenue par mécanosynthèse présente une réorganisation de la distribution cationique au sein de la structure spinelle, ce qui peut améliorer les propriétés du matériau massif après mise en forme. Des broyages réalisés dans un matériel en acier ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de Fe2+ provenant de réactions d’oxydo-réduction entre le fer et les oxydes. Des broyages réalisés dans des jarres en WC ont conduit à l’obtention de phases pures de ferrites de zinc et de manganèse-zinc exemptes d’ions Fe2+. Des expériences de spectrométrie Mössbauer sous champ magnétique ont permis de préciser la distribution cationique des ferrites synthétisésSpinel ferrites compounds are widely used for their technological applications, which are essentially their magnetic and catalytic properties. Nanocrystalline Mn-Zn ferrites have been synthesized by high-energy ball milling in different media (tempered steel and WC) starting from simple oxides (α-Fe2O3, ZnO and MnO). This technique leads to a change in the distribution of cations in both sites, resulting in an increase of magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry and VSM are used to characterize the powders. This work shows that a redox reaction is observed between Fe11 and metalling iron during milling in steel medium, leading to a spinel phase containing some Fe11. The mechanism for the appearance of this phase is studied : ZnO seems to have a non negligeable influence on the synthesis, by creating an intermediate wüstite-type phase solid solution with FeO. Millings in WC medium permit to avoid the Fe11 contamination
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Franklin, David Richard. "Theoretical and experimental study of the millimetre wave properties of barium hexaferrite." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357577.
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Qassym, Lilia. "Etude et mise au point de ferrites de structure grenat à basse température de frittage pour intégration dans les circulateurs hyperfréquences." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS479/document.
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Les systèmes embarqués dans les aéronefs comme dans les véhicules spatiaux doivent impérativement se conformer aux impératifs de masse et de volume mais aussi de coût. Les modules actifs pour antenne à balayage électronique constituent, dans ce cadre, un enjeu stratégique majeur en termes de masse, de volume et de fiabilité. Dans une antenne à balayage électronique actuelle, on peut trouver jusqu’à 1000 modules, chacun étant équipé d’un circulateur-isolateur afin de garantir ses performances. La technologie des circulateurs et des isolateurs à ferrite reste la plus performante en termes d’isolation et de pertes d’insertion. Elle est de plus totalement passive et ne demande aucune énergie extérieure pour son fonctionnement. Elle reste néanmoins coûteuse car la fabrication industrielle de ces dispositifs consiste à assembler mécaniquement de nombreuses pièces usinées précisément : céramiques magnétiques et diélectriques, aimants, conducteurs en cuivre et pièces en métal magnétique doux. De plus, le niveau d’intégration recherché nécessite de réduire les dimensions sans augmenter les pertes pour des niveaux de puissance qui peuvent être importants. S’inspirant des composants céramiques multicouches (condensateurs et inductances) ainsi que de la technologie LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics), une nouvelle voie de fabrication de ces composants, en rupture avec les technologies d’assemblage traditionnelles, est abordée dans ces travaux de thèse. L’idée consiste à réaliser par cofrittage le cœur du composant qui est le plus délicat à ajuster et qui détermine le volume final. Les ferrites qui constituent actuellement le cœur des circulateurs sont principalement des grenats ferrimagnétiques fabriqués par des techniques céramiques classiques et frittés à haute température (> 1400°C). Pour les rendre compatibles de la technologie LTCC, il est nécessaire de diminuer leur température de frittage. Les températures visées doivent être inférieures à 1000°C pour pouvoir cofritter avec des parties métalliques en or et si possible être proches de 900°C pour espérer cofritter avec de l’argent. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de mettre au point des grenats ferrimagnétiques pour des applications en hyperfréquences présentant des températures de frittage proche de 900°C. Ces ferrites ont alors été utilisés pour la réalisation de circulateurs hyperfréquences, composants indispensables dans les systèmes de Radars et de télécommunications. De plus, des études d’optimisation des propriétés magnétiques et diélectriques de ces ferrites ont aussi été réalisées pour adapter le ferrite aux conditions de fonctionnement (gamme de fréquence et niveau de puissance)Embedded systems in aircraft must comply with the requirements of mass, volume and cost. The active modules of electronic scanning antenna are, in this context, a strategic challenge in terms of mass, volume and reliability. Today, there are up to 1000 modules per antenna, each one containing a circulator-isolator in order to guarantee its performances. The technology of ferrite circulators and isolators remains the most efficient in terms of isolation and insertion losses. It is also fully passive as no external energy is required to work. However this technology is expensive due to complex mechanical assembling of the different materials: magnetic and dielectric ceramics, magnets, conductors made of copper and soft metallic material. The integration of such devices also requires the reduction of dimensions without increasing losses for power levels that can be high. Based on by multilayer ceramic components (capacitors and inductors) as well as Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) technology, a new way of manufacturing these components, is investigated in this PhD work.. The idea is to be able to cofire the heart of the component which is the most difficult to adjust and also determines the final volume. The ferrites which currently constitute the core of the circulators are ferrimagnetic garnets synthetized by using a conventional ceramic process and sintered at high temperature (> 1400°C). To make them compatible with LTCC technology, it is essential to reduce their sintering temperature. The targeted temperatures must be less than 1000°C in order to cofire with gold metal parts and, if possible, close to 900°C for circulators with silver. In this context, the objective of this PhD work was to develop a ferrimagnetic garnet for microwave applications with sintering temperatures close to 900°C. This ferrite was then used for the preparation of microwave circulators which are essential components in radar and telecommunications systems. In addition, studies of optimization of the magnetic and dielectric properties have also been carried out to meet the operating requirements (frequency band and power level)
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Aygar, Gulfem. "Preparation Of Silica Coated Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles For The Purification Of Histidine-tagged Proteins." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613894/index.pdf.
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The magnetic separation approach has several advantages compared with conventional separation methodsit can be performed directly in crude samples containing suspended solid materials without pretreatment, and can easily isolate some biomolecules from aqueous systems in the presence of magnetic gradient fields. This thesis focused on the development of new class of magnetic separation material particularly useful for the separation of histidine-tagged proteins from the complex matrixes through the use of imidazole side chains of histidine molecules. For that reason surface modified cobalt ferrite nanoparticles which contain Ni-NTA affinity group were synthesized. Firstly, cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were prepared in aqueous solution using the controlled coprecipitation method. In order to obtain small size of agglomerates two different dispersants, oleic acid and sodium chloride, were tried. After obtaining the best dispersant and optimum experimental conditions, ultrasonic bath was used in order to decrease the size of agglomerates. Then, they were coated with silica and this was followed by surface modification of these nanoparticles by amine in order to add functional groups on silica shell. Next, &ndash
COOH functional groups were added to silica coated cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles through the NH2 groups. After that N&alpha
,N&alpha
-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine hydrate, NTA, was attached to carboxyl side of the structure. Finally, nanoparticles were labeled with Ni (II) ions. The size of the magnetic nanoparticles and their agglomerates were determined by FE-SEM images, particle size analyzer, and zeta potential analyzer (zeta-sizer). Vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to measure the magnetic behavior of cobalt ferrite and silica coated cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. Surface modifications of magnetic nanoparticles were followed by FT-IR measurements. ICP-OES was used to find the amount of Ni (II) ion concentration that was attached to the magnetic nanoparticle.
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Yang, Shicheng. "Non reciprocal passive components on LTCC ferrite substrate." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4020/document.
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Cette thèse concerne de l’étude de composants passifs non-réciproque (circulateurs) fabriqué sur substrat LTCC ferrite. Les aimants externes utilisés dans les circulateurs classiques doivent créer un champ magnétique intense pour compenser le champs de démagnétisant dans le ferrite. Le nouveau circulateur présenté ici utilise une bobine intégrée dans le LTCC ferrite pour magnétiser le matériau de l'intérieur, pour réduire considérablement les effets des champs démagnétisants. Il est possible de contrôler le champ de polarisation rendant le dispositif multifonctionnel: lorsque la bobine est excitée par un courant, le dispositif fonctionne comme un circulateur dynamique dans lequel la direction de circulation peut être basculée en changeant la direction du courant. Si un aimant externe est placé sur le circulateur, sa fréquence de fonctionnement peut être accordée en ajustant le courant de polarisation. Contrairement à d'autres circulateurs LTCC avec aimants externes, le dispositif proposé peut même fonctionner comme un diviseur de puissance sans courant de polarisation. Un prototype de circulateur a été réalisé et caractérisé dans trois états: 1. démagnétisé, 2. Magnétisé par la bobine, 3. magnétisé par la bobine et des aimants externes. En l'absence de courant appliqué, la transmission de chaque port est d'environ -5 dB avec un coefficient de réflexion inférieur à -20 dB à 14,8 GHz. Quand un courant de 300 mA est injecté dans la bobine, les pertes d'insertion et l'isolation mesurées sont d'environ 3 dB et 8 dB, respectivement. Le coefficient de réflexion est inférieur à -20 dB à 14,2 GHz. Lorsque les aimants externes sont ajoutés avec un courant de 200 mA, les pertes d'insertion et l'isolation a été améliorée à 1,6 dB et 23 dB, respectivement à 14,2 GHz. La variation de la fréquence de travail du circulateur est de 0,6 GHz. Elle est due par la variation de l'aimantation M interne lorsque le courant est inférieur à 120 mA, puis par l’augmentation de la température créée par le courant dans la bobine. La taille (L * W * H) totale du circulateur réalisé est de 8mm * 8mm *1.1mm. Ce travail monte qu’il est possible d’intégrer (MMIC) sur un substrat LTCC ferrite des circuits passifs non-réciproquesThis thesis investigates passive non-reciprocal components (mainly circulators) based on ferrite Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The external magnets used in conventional circulators must be strong to overcome the ferrite's demagnetization field. The novel circulator presented herein uses an embedded winding within the ferrite substrate to magnetize the material from the inside, thereby significantly reducing the demagnetization effects. Because of the controllability of the bias field, the resulting device is also multifunctional: when the windings are energized by a current, the device operates as a dynamic circulator in which the circulation direction can be changed by switching the direction of the current. Unlike other LTCC circulators with external magnets, the proposed device can even operate as a power splitter by removing the bias current. A circulator prototype has been characterized in three states: unbiased, biased by winding and biased by winding and external magnets. When no current is applied, the transmission of each port is about -5 dB with return loss better than 20 dB at 14.8 GHz. When a current of 300 mA is injected into the winding, the measured insertion loss and isolation of the circulator is approximately 3 dB and 8 dB, respectively, whereas the return loss is better than 20 dB at 14.2 GHz. When external magnets are added in addition to the current of 200 mA, the insertion loss and isolation is improved to 1.6 dB and 23 dB, respectively at 14.2 GHz. The variation of the circulator's working frequency is 0.6 GHz. This is achieved firstly by the change of internal magnetization M when current is less than 120 mA, then the heat in the substrate due to the winding introduces more frequency shifting. The total size (L*W*H) is 8mm*8mm*1.1mm
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Perevoshchikova, Nataliya. "Modeling of austenite to ferrite transformation in steels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0342/document.
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La thèse porte sur la modélisation de la transformation de l'austénite en ferrite dans les aciers en mettant l'accent sur les conditions thermodynamiques et cinétiques aux interfaces alpha/gamma en cours de croissance de la ferrite. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentre sur la description des équilibres thermodynamiques entre alpha et gamma à l'aide de la méthode CalPhad. Nous avons développé un nouvel algorithme hybride combinant la construction d'une enveloppe convexe avec la méthode classique de Newton-Raphson. Nous montrons ses possibilités pour des aciers ternaire Fe-C-Cr et quaternaire Fe-C-Cr-Mo dans des cas particulièrement difficiles. Dans un second chapitre, un modèle à interface épaisse a été développé. Il permet de prédire l'ensemble du spectre des conditions à l'interface alpha/gamma au cours de la croissance de la ferrite, de l'équilibre complet au paraéquilibre avec des cas intermédiaires des plus intéressants. Nous montrons que de nombreux régimes cinétiques particuliers dans les systèmes Fe-C-X peuvent être prévus avec un minimum de paramètres d'ajustement, principalement le rapport entre les diffusivités de l'élément substitutionnel dans l'interface épaisse et dans le volume d'austénite. Le troisième chapitre porte sur l'étude d'un modèle de champ de phase. Une analyse approfondie des conditions à l'interface données par le modèle est réalisée en utilisant la technique des développements asymptotiques. En utilisant les connaissances fournies par cette analyse, le rôle de la mobilité intrinsèque d'interface sur la cinétique et les régimes de croissance est étudié, à la fois dans le cas simple d'alliages binaires Fe-C et dans le cas plus complexe d'alliages Fe-C-MnTransformation in steels focusing on the thermodynamic and kinetics conditions at the alpha/gamma interfaces during the ferrite growth. The first chapter deals with the determination of thermodynamic equilibria between alpha and gamma with CalPhad thermodynamic description. We have developed a new hybrid algorithm combining the construction of a convex hull to the more classical Newton-Raphson method to compute two phase equilibria in multicomponent alloys with two sublattices. Its capabilities are demonstrated on ternary Fe-C-Cr and quaternary Fe-C-Cr-Mo steels. In the second chapter, we present a thick interface model aiming to predict the whole spectrum of conditions at an alpha/gamma interface during ferrite growth, from full equilibrium to paraequilibrium with intermediate cases as the most interesting feature. The model, despite its numerous simplifying assumptions to facilitate its numerical implementation, allows to predict some peculiar kinetics in Fe-C-X systems with a minimum of fitting parameters, mainly the ratio between the diffusivities of the substitutional element inside the thick interface and in bulk austenite. The third chapter deals with the phase field model of austenite to ferrite transformation in steels. A thorough analysis on the conditions at the interface has been performed using the technique of matched asymptotic expansions. Special attention is given to clarify the role of the interface mobility on the growth regimes both in simple Fe-C alloys and in more complex Fe-C-Mn alloys
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Oliveira, Felipe Fernandes de. "Deposição de filmes BiFeO3 via spray pirólise e caracterização microestrutural e de propriedades elétricas e ópticas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131385.
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Este trabalho investigou a deposição de filmes finos de ferrita de bismuto (BFO) através da técnica spray pirólise utilizando sais inorgânicos como precursores em diferentes solventes e silício como substrato, visando a deposição em menor temperatura e a obtenção de diferentes morfologias de superfície. Para tanto, foram utilizados água, etilenoglicol e etanol/butil carbitol (1:1) como solventes na preparação da solução a ser aspergida. Foram realizadas deposições com diferentes temperaturas do substrato: 200, 250, 300 e 350ºC para cada solvente utilizado. A deposição de filmes BFO em baixas temperaturas (200ºC) favoreceu a formação de filme. Para o solvente etilenoglicol (maior ponto de ebulição), verifica-se a formação de filmes porosos, já para o solvente etanol/butil carbitol (1:1) foi verificada a formação de filmes densos com a presença de trincas. As análises termogravimétricas (ATG) e termodiferenciais (ATD) foram realizadas para os filmes como-depositados a 200ºC com diferentes solventes. Após a deposição, as amostras foram tratadas termicamente a 550ºC por 1h, visando a formação da fase cristalina BiFeO3 com estrutura romboédrica. Os filmes foram analisados por difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados mostraram a obtenção da fase cristalina do BiFeO3 após o tratamento térmico a 550ºC/1h com a presença de fase secundária. As imagens de MEV evidenciaram a formação de filmes independente do solvente utilizado para a temperatura de 200ºC. Contudo, o aumento da temperatura promoveu a formação de partículas sobre o substrato e não uma formação contínua de filme, evidenciada pela composição elementar medida através de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX). A caracterização elétrica dos filmes foi realizada utilizando espectroscopia de impedância (EI) em função da temperatura, sendo observada maior condutividade para o filme depositado com etilenoglicol. A fase BFO não estequiométrica evidenciada por DRX pode explicar as diferentes condutividades elétricas mensuradas por EI quando utilizado diferentes solventes. As propriedades ópticas foram medidas utilizando-se espectroscopia de reflectância difusa, encontrando-se um band gap entre 2,23 – 2,26 eV.This research investigated the deposition of thin films of bismuth ferrite (BFO) on silicon substrate using the spray pyrolysis technique based on inorganic salts as precursors. For this purpose water, ethylene glycol and ethanol/butyl carbytol (1:1) were used as solvents to prepare the solution for spraying. The depositions were carried out with different substrate temperatures for each solvent used: 200, 250, 300 and 350ºC. The film deposition at low temperatures (200°C) promotes the formation of cracks due to the arrival of the liquid state from droplets sprayed by the atomizer. When using solvent ethanol/butyl carbytol (1:1) the formation of dense films was verified for the different depositions. The thermal gravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed for the as-deposited films at 200°C with different solvents for the study of possible reactions of thermal decomposition. The BFO films were heated at 550°C for one hour aiming to the formation of the crystalline state BiFeO3 with rhombohedral structure. The films were analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after treatment. The XRD showed the crystalline state obtained after the heat treatment at 550°C/1h. It was observed the formation of non-stoichiometric composition on the film. The SEM images showed formation of films regardless of the solvent used for the temperature to 200°C. However, the increase temperature promotes the formation of particles on the substrate. Applying the ethylene glycol solvent the formation of porous films appeared, since for ethanol/butyl carbytol (1:1) was observed the formation of dense films with the presence of cracks. The electrical characterization of the films will be performed using impedance spectroscopy (IS) coupled to a furnace in order to vary the temperature of the measures. The film deposited with ethylene glycol presents a major electrical conductivity than films deposited using ethanol/butyl carbytol or water. This behavior can be associated with a non-stoichiometric composition of BFO. Moreover, the optical properties were obtained by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The films present a band gap between 2.23 and 2.26 eV, approximately.
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Aydogan, Eda. "Processing And Characterization Of Textured Barium Ferrite Ceramics." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614465/index.pdf.
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Technological advances results in the fact that quite a large number of electronic equipment interacts with its environment leading to the malfunction of the devices. This brings about the necessity of using proper electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers/shields to avoid such interactions. In order to absorb EM waves in a large frequency band from several MHz to GHz, barium hexaferrite (BaHF) ceramics which are produced as textured ceramics as well as in multilayered form can be used. Textured ceramics are processed by tape casting using templated grain growth (TGG) phenomenon. In order to obtain textured ceramics, BaHF powders and platelets are required as raw materials in such a way that during sintering small size powders are directioned by large platelet surfaces. In this study, ferrite powders were synthesized by mixed oxide technique while the platelets were produced by both molten salt synthesis (MSS) and reactive templated grain growth (RTGG) methods. In the case of platelet synthesis by MSS, effects of calcination temperature and time as well as type and composition of the flux on the formation and morphology of platelets were investigated based on the XRD and SEM results. Studies have shown that KCl flux led to the formation of sharper platelet morphology, while NaCl resulted in more round shapes. However, extent of BaHF formation in the case of NaCl was higher when compared to KCl flux due to its higher wettability characteristic, and hence faster interaction with the raw materials. Since the aspect ratio of the synthesized platelets was only ca. 2-4, these platelets were not efficient for further TGG studies. Alternatively, BiFeO3 (BiF) particles having ~30-40 &mum average size were synthesized as seed crystals for the synthesis of BaHF platelets by RTGG method. After the washing of these platelets with dilute HNO3, pure BaHF powders and platelets were directed by tape casting which was followed by sintering using TGG phenomenon. Degree of achieved texturing in the processed ceramics was studied using Rietveld analysis, pole figure measurement and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD).