Academic literature on the topic 'Ferrel pests'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ferrel pests"

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Casper, A. M. Aramati, Dorothy P. Hill, and Melanie K. Rathburn. "Managing Populations, Diseases, and Landowner Perceptions of Prairie Dogs for Black-Footed Ferret Reintroduction." Case Studies in the Environment 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001131.

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The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is one of the rarest mammal species in North America. Captive breeding has prevented extinction of this species, but successful reintroduction of ferrets into their native grassland habitat is a complex endeavor. As specialist predators, ferrets depend almost exclusively on prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) for both food and shelter, so successful black-footed ferret reintroduction hinges on maintaining large colonies of prairie dogs. However, prairie dogs are also considered agricultural pests and are often subjected to eradication programs. These eradication programs hamper efforts to reintroduce ferrets and disrupt the valuable ecosystem services prairie dogs provide in their role as both keystone and foundation species. Even when agreements are reached to maintain prairie dog colonies, plague (Yersinia pestis), which infects both prairie dogs and ferrets, can threaten the success of a ferret reintroduction program. We describe the research on the complex ecological relationships and socio-environmental challenges of reintroducing endangered black-footed ferrets, with a focus on the most abundant prairie dog species, the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus).
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Daniszewski, Piotr. "Pestis (Yersinia pestis) - As Biological Weapons." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 9 (September 2013): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.9.84.

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Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a type of bacterium. It is believed to have been responsible for plagues of the early 1300s. More accurately, it is a Gram-negative rod-shaped coccobacillus. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals. Human Y. pestis infection takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic plagues. All three forms are widely believed to have been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including the Justinianic Plague of the sixth century and the Black Death that accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353. It has now been shown conclusively that these plagues originated in rodent populations in China. More recently, Y. pestis has gained attention as a possible biological warfare agent and the CDC has classified it as a category A pathogen requiring preparation for a possible terrorist attack. Every year, thousands of cases of plague are still reported to the World Health Organization, although, with proper treatment, the prognosis for victims is now much better. A five- to six-fold increase in cases occurred in Asia during the time of the Vietnam war, possibly due to the disruption of ecosystems and closer proximity between people and animals. Plague also has a detrimental effect on non-human mammals. In the United States of America, animals such as the black-tailed prairie dog and the endangered black-footed ferret are under threat from the disease.
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Lopes, Rosineide S., Mônica Cristina B. Martins, Luciana G. de Oliveira, Antonio F. da Costa, Venézio F. dos Santos, Maria Tereza S. Correia, Nicácio H. da Silva, Auristela C. de Albuquerque, Elza Áurea Luna-Alves Lima, and Vera Lúcia M. Lima. "Termiticidal Activity of Libidibia ferrea var. ferrea and of the Association With Isaria spp. Against Nasutitermes corniger." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p159.

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Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) is an urban termite pest that is controlled by chemical applications. We investigated the effect of the association of Isaria farinosa (Holm: Fries) Fries, I. fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith, and I. javanica (Frieder & Bally) Samson & Hywell-Jones with the extracts of Libidibia ferrea var. ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz in the control of N. corniger. The following experiments were performed: the toxicity of aqueous and methanolic extracts on the biological aspects of fungi, action of extracts on workers and soldiers, and fungus-extract combination on workers of termite. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and pods of L. ferrea var. ferrrea were more efficient than the methanol extracts, demonstrating termiticide activity at 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg mL-1, with 100% worker mortality after the third and fourth days and 100% soldier mortality by the third through sixth day. Lethal concentrations (LC50) varied from 0.624 to 0.710 mg mL-1 for workers and from 0.146 to 1.410 mg mL-1 for soldiers. The extracts were compatible with the fungal strains at the lowest concentrations. Associations of the extracts with I. farinosa ESALQ1355 demonstrated efficient control of termite workers. The results demonstrate that L. ferrea var. ferrrea extracts, either alone or in association with I. farinosa ESALQ1355, functioned in the in vitro control of N. corniger, representing a viable alternative to be further tested in controlling those termites in urban areas.
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Ferrell, Jason A., Brent A. Sellers, Gregory E. MacDonald, and Pratap Devkota. "Wild Radish: Biology and Control." EDIS 2020, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wg215-2020.

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Wild radish is one of the most common and problematic pasture weeds in the Florida Panhandle. It is found throughout the state and can be a serious pest in other crops including peanut, corn, and winter vegetables. This publication provides information concerning the biology and growth of wild radish, the problems associated with its presence in wheat and other small grains as well as cover crops, and methods for control and management. Previous version: Ferrell, J., and G. MacDonald. 2005. “Wild Radish--Biology and Control”. EDIS 2005 (11). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/115117.
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Sharma, Preeti, Neeta Gaur, and Renu Pandey. "Comparative study of medicinal plants on feeding behaviour of seven day old larvae of Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua (Walk.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.626.

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Eight medicinal plants viz., Sinduri, Bixa orellana (Bixaceae); Dalchini, Cinnamomum zelanicum (Lauraceae); Camphora, Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae); Gular, Ficus racemosa (Moraceae); Arjun, Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae); Nagkesar, Messua ferrea (Calophyllaceae); Sarpgandha, Rauwolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae); Putranjeeva, Putranjeeva roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) at 5% and 10 % concentrations were tested for the feeding against larvae of Spodoptera litura and Spilarctia obliqua. At 10% conc. C.camphora (hexane, diethyl ether, and acetone) was found extremely antifeedant against the larvae of both insects (S.litura and S.obliqua) while C.zeylanicum (hexane, diethyl ether, and acetone) and P.roxbughii (diethyl ether, and acetone), B.orellana (Acetone) showed extremely antifeedant activity only against the larvae of S.litura. At 5% concentration, the same plants were also effective against the larvae but their efficacy was less than at 10% concentration. The observation showed promising results with these plant extracts against the feeding and management of these two insect pests of agricultural importance.
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LOVETT, GARY M., CHARLES D. CANHAM, MARY A. ARTHUR, KATHLEEN C. WEATHERS, and ROSS D. FITZHUGH. "Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America." BioScience 56, no. 5 (2006): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0395:fertep]2.0.co;2.

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Suesdek, Lincoln, and Flávio Cesar Thadeo Lima. "Association of the borer Spermophthorus apuleiae (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) with the "pau-ferro" tree Caesalpinia ferrea (Leguminosae)." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 2 (June 2011): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000200001.

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The weevil subfamily Scolytinae includes beetles which may feed on the bark, trunk or roots of both live and dead trees and are sometimes considered forest and silvicultural pests. Less frequently, some species feed on seeds and may be cause economic losses when associated to plant cultivars. Spermophthorus apuleiae Costa-Lima is a Neotropical Scolytinae formerly recorded to be "associated" with seeds of Caesalpinia ferrea var. leiostachya Benth, a Brazilian tree popularly known in Portuguese as "pau-ferro". Hitherto, it was not clear whether these beetles actually feed on the seeds of that plant. In order to investigate the ability of S. apuleiae to feed on seeds of "pau-ferro", observations were done and colonies of these beetles were established. Both in the field and in captivity the beetles were not observed feeding on the seeds. Even when beetles were exposed to seeds as the only source of food they were incapable of boring or eating the seeds and died. Our data therefore suggest that S. apuleiae is a frugivorous species which peculiarly does not eat seeds of "pau-ferro".
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ROBERTSON, HUGH A., ROGAN M. COLBOURNE, PETER J. GRAHAM, PATRICK J. MILLER, and RAYMOND J. PIERCE. "Experimental management of Brown Kiwi Apteryx mantelli in central Northland, New Zealand." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 2 (August 11, 2010): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000444.

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SummaryThe population growth of Brown Kiwi Apteryx mantelli was measured under four different management regimes: unmanaged, predator trapping, predator poisoning, and Bank of New Zealand Operation Nest Egg™ (BNZONE) — the removal of eggs for artificial incubation and return of resultant subadults to the wild. Life table analysis revealed that high adult mortality (7.3% per annum), caused mainly by domestic dog Canis familiaris and Ferret Mustela furo predation was the critical factor affecting Brown Kiwi populations in central Northland. The 13.8-year life expectancy of adults was only one-third of what can be expected in the absence of these two predators. Predation of Brown Kiwi chicks and juveniles (< 1 kg) by Stoats Mustela erminea and, to a lesser extent, domestic cats Felis catus, was also important. Unmanaged populations declined at 2.5% per annum. Trapping pests in a 200 ha area was largely ineffective, with the population declining by 1.7% per annum. Poisoning pests allowed Brown Kiwi populations to increase at 3.3% per annum. BNZONE proved to be by far the most effective tool, resulting in a 12.5% annual population increase, mainly due to 83% chick survival to six months old, compared with 10% survival in unmanaged sites. There were no observable behavioural problems associated with chicks being reared ex situ, but BNZONE was the most expensive tool and benefited only the Brown Kiwi. This study has helped to develop a range of tools that are now being used to facilitate recovery of populations of all four threatened species of kiwi in New Zealand, and the experimental approach used has wider application in management of other threatened species.
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Kliuchnikova, M. A., P. V. Struchkov, and I. G. Kvasha. "The effects of predator odors on stress response and reproduction in Norway rats: A review." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_166.

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Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an invaluable laboratory model organism as well as one of the most common rodent pest species. The currently used rodenticides have several significant drawbacks: toxicity to humans and non-target species, environmental harm, the development of avoidance reactions and genetic resistance to the applied substances in rat populations. One of the proposed approaches for rodent pest control is based on natural ways, such as predation, which could be emulated by predator scents. In rodents, olfaction plays a key role in danger recognition, especially in detection of potential predator. Predator odors can activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis via central nervous system and thus induce the release of stress hormones. A well-documented suppression of reproduction under psychosocial stress appears to be associated with specific interactions of HPA axis and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Hereby we review research on the influences of predator chemical cues on stress response and reproduction in Norway rats with a special focus on long lasting and chronic effects. We describe the effects of predator odors of fox (Vulpes vulpes), ferret (Mustela putorius) and domestic cat (Felis catus) in detail. Assessment of reproductive success in rats may be treated as a robust experimental model to evaluate ecologically relevant stress effects of predator odors. Application of this approach could promote development of environmentally friendly methods to control rat population density.
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Lipa, Jerzy J. "Bioinsecticidas: Fundamentos y Aplicaciones de Bacillus thuringiensis en el Control Integrado de Plagas [Bioinsecticides: Fundamentals and Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis in Integrated Pest Control] P. Caballero and J. Ferre (Editors) Universidad Publica de Navarra, PHYTOMA-España, Valencia, 2001 ISBN 84-932056-1-3. 318 pages. US$ 24.40." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 23, no. 02 (June 2003): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400020397.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ferrel pests"

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Driver, Patrick, and n/a. "The role of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) size in the degradation of freshwater ecosystems." University of Canberra. School of Resources, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050404.110223.

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Carp (Cyprinus carpio) are alien freshwater fish that are globally widespread and often associated with highly degraded freshwater ecosystems. This study explored carphabitat interactions that could contribute to the worldwide distribution of, and consequent ecological impacts by, carp. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of carp size in these interactions. One component of this study involved a field experiment that was used to quantify the effects of carp biomass density and size-structure on freshwater invertebrate communities and water quality. The treatments in this field experiment comprised different combinations of large (2 kg) and small (0.7 kg) carp, and low (330 kg.ha-1), intermediate (570 kg.ha-1) and high (650 kg.ha-1) biomass densities. Carp impacts were more carp size-dependent than described in previous studies. In particular, carp size was more important than carp biomass density in determining the concentration of total phosphorus and algal biomass. On the other hand, a more even mix of carp sizes increased total nitrogen. The zooplankton and macroinvertebrate taxa that were more abundant in the presence of carp were the taxa most able to avoid carp predation and tolerate habitat changes caused by carp benthivory. To complement the small-spatial scale field experiment, large-scale patterns of carp distribution, biomass density and recruitment were explored among the rivers of New South Wales (Australia) in relation to their physical habitat. In contrast to expectations, and although most recruitment probably occurred at lower-altitudes, the populations with a size structure and biomass density most likely to cause ecological degradation occurred at intermediate altitudes. Furthermore, the distribution of smaller carp (less than or equal to 100 mm, and less than or equal to 300 mm) indicated that the regulation of river flows does not always favour carp populations, particularly during drought conditions. Nevertheless, it was concluded in a review of the carp literature, which incorporated the findings of this study, that invasion by alien carp is most successful in streams with formerly highly variable flows that are now subject to flow regulation. Moreover, carp are likely to enhance their advantage in these waters through habitat modification.
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Newbold, Haylie Goldene. "Infra-red vision in ferrets (Mustela furo)." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2357.

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Ferrets are labelled Unwanted Organisms under the Biosecurity Act (1993) due to their predation on New Zealand's native protected species and their status as potential vectors of Bovine Tuberculosis. There was suspicion that ferrets could detect the infrared light-emitting equipment used to monitor predator and prey behaviour. A two-alternative forced-choice operant procedure was used to test whether five pigmented male ferrets could detect infrared (870 and 920 nm) light. First, the ferrets were taught to press a lever under a lit visible (white) light emitting diode (LED) for food rewards. After up to 101 40-minute sessions, each ferret could lever press under the lit-light at or above the pass criteria of 75% responses over four consecutive (or five out of six) sessions. The same ferrets were then tested for stimulus generalisation over different stimulus properties by changing the wavelength/colour and intensity of the lit-light. The overall mean accuracy of each ferret's response to each coloured light varied between 92% and 84%. When a red light was systematically dimmed to halve the intensity nine times, all five ferrets still met the set pass criteria with overall accuracies of between 88% and 78%. This indicated that changing the properties of the light stimuli would not disrupt the ferrets' abilities to perform the learned task. This test was a necessary prerequisite before changing the light stimuli to potentially invisible wavelengths in the infrared spectrum. The light stimulus was changed to a single infrared (870) nm LED. Two of five ferrets showed strong evidence (response accuracies of 77% 4 and 72% 2) and one ferret showed weak evidence (60% 3) that they could see the light at this wavelength. Extraneous cues such as ultrasound emitted at the onset of a stimulus light or a predictable schedule of reinforcement were eliminated as potential response cues. These tests helped to prove that the ferrets were using only the light stimulus to discriminate which stimulus was lit. It may be possible that at least some feral ferrets can detect the light produced from infrared monitoring equipment that emits light wavelengths at or below 870 nm. This has significant implications for conservation because infrared equipment is used by conservation agencies in New Zealand and overseas to monitor predator and prey behaviour in the wild. If the infrared lighting is detected by the subject being observed, then it may potentially influence the behaviour of the animal, or attract a predator towards threatened native species.
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McGee, P. A. (Peter Allan). "Role of mycorrhizas in the regeneration of arid zone plants." 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1448.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Ferrel pests"

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Silverstein, Alvin. Ferrets: Cool pets! Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Elementary, 2011.

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Carr, Aaron. Ferret. New York, NY: AV2 by Weigl, 2014.

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Rostoker-Gruber, Karen. Ferret fun. New York: Marshall Cavendish Children's, 2011.

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author, Gillespie Katie, ed. Ferret. New York, NY: AV2 by Weigl, 2016.

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Ferret. New York, NY: Weigl, 2010.

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Jeans, Deborah. A practical guide to ferret care. Miami, Fla. (P.O. Box 450099, Miami 33245-0099): Ferrets, 1994.

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Porch, Adelle. Your first ferret. Neptune, N.J: T.F.H. Publications, 1991.

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Porch, Adelle. Your first ferret. Neptune, N.J: T.F.H. Publications, 1996.

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Ferrets!: For today's pet owner from the publishers of Ferrets USA magazine. Irvine, Calif: BowTie Press, 1998.

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Lewington, J. H. Ferrets, a compendium. [Sydney, NSW, Australia]: University of Sydney Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ferrel pests"

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Williams, David L. "The ferret eye." In Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets, 73–85. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118709627.ch6.

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Longley, Lesa. "Ferret anaesthesia." In Anaesthesia of Exotic Pets, 85–95. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-2888-5.50006-x.

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Sherratt, Thomas N., and David M. Wilkinson. "Is Nature Chaotic?" In Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199548606.003.0010.

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Centuries before King Harold of England famously received an arrow in the eye (AD 1066), Chinese officials in the T’ang dynasty (AD 618–907) began collecting annual reports on the abundance of migratory locusts. The primary aim of this initiative was to make sense of the changes over time (the dynamics) of this devastating agricultural pest, and thereby predict the timing and intensity of outbreaks. Now, despite a staggering 1,300 years of faithful recording, few patterns are evident and the data look decidedly messy. Irregular climatic fluctuations, particularly those involved in the drying up of grasslands on river deltas, may explain some of the variability. However, one might wonder whether some of this ‘messiness’ was internally driven, caused by some sort of ‘feedback’ arising within the dynamics themselves. Many long-term data sets on population dynamics have these extremely messy qualities, ranging from the daily number of damselfish reaching maturity on the Great Barrier Reef to the number of feral sheep on Scottish Islands, and it is important to know where it all comes from. The study of ‘chaos’ (easiest to define negatively as an absence of order, but we will get to a more formal definition later) has its roots in precisely the type of feedback processes referred to above, reflecting what mathematicians call ‘non-linearities’ (relationships that are not straight lines). Several mathematicians, most notably, the eminent French mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), had long noted that non-linear systems could generate some extremely unusual dynamics, such that the precise trajectory a system took was highly sensitive to the initial conditions. However, observations such as these were largely overlooked by ecologists until a new generation of researchers, notably Robert May (a physicist turned ecologist, now Lord May of Oxford), began toying with their own simple ecological models and appreciating that the behaviour of these models was not always simple. Until ecologists were made aware of the potential effects of non-linearities in the 1970s, the prevailing view was that complex dynamics must have complex causes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ferrel pests"

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Freitas, Luiza Isaia de. "INFLUÊNCIA DO ISOLAMENTO DOMICILIAR DEVIDO A PANDEMIA SOBRE A ROTINA ALIMENTAR DOS ANIMAIS MANTIDOS COMO PET NO BRASIL." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1283.

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Introdução: Em março de 2020 a SARS-CoV-2 foi elevada ao status de pandemia. A fim de diminuir a disseminação viral, foi instituído o isolamento domiciliar sobre a população mundial. Tendo início dos casos na China, o Covid-19 distribuiu-se rapidamente pelo globo. Conforme estudos científicos há registros do vírus infectar cães, gatos e ferrets, todavia sem relatos de que se possa ocorrer a transmissão do patógeno presente nos pets aos humanos. Após o isolamento, foi possível observar o aumento de peso em parte da população, dado que conforme pesquisa também foi observado nos animais mantidos como pets no Brasil. Objetivo: Averiguar os impactos do isolamento domiciliar devido a pandemia da Covid-19 sobre a rotina alimentar de animais mantidos como pet no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de forma online, via formulário, obtendo 551 respostas de 22 estados e Distrito Federal. Resultados: As respostas obtidas na pesquisa foram referentes ao tipo de animal mantido como pet (cães, gatos, aves, répteis, roedores e outros), mudanças na rotina alimentar e de atividades dos pets anterior e após o isolamento domiciliar, sendo questionado sobre a observação ou não de aumento no escore corporal dos animais. Os dados obtidos após a análise foram que 30% dos pets desenvolveram sobrepeso após a pandemia, podendo relacionar os dados como resultado de maior fornecimento de alimento aos animais, tanto em periodicidade tanto em quantidade em associação a menor quantidade de atividades físicas realizadas com os animais, como atividades de recreação e passeios. Conclusão: Através da análise dos dados, foi constatado que assim como em humanos, percentual dos animais mantidos como pet no Brasil também adquiriram sobrepeso após o isolamento domiciliar. Sendo dado que 30% destes após a pandemia tiveram aumento em seu escore corporal, fato ligado ao maior fornecimento de alimento aos animais pelos tutores, com maior fornecimento de petiscos, gerando uma superalimentação dos pets a qual em conjunto com o menor índice de atividade física realizada com os animais, como a menor periodicidade de passeios e atividades de recreação, levaram ao sobrepeso dos animais mantidos como pet no Brasil.
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