Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fermion familie

Academic literature on the topic 'Fermion familie'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fermion familie"

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GUENDELMAN, E. I., and A. B. KAGANOVICH. "DARK ENERGY, DARK MATTER AND FERMION FAMILIES IN THE TWO MEASURES THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 31 (December 20, 2004): 5325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04022542.

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A field theory is proposed where the regular fermionic matter and the dark fermionic matter are different states of the same "primordial" fermion fields. In regime of the fermion densities typical for normal particle physics, each of the primordial fermions splits into three generations identified with regular fermions. In a simple model, this fermion families birth effect is accompanied with the right lepton numbers conservation laws. It is possible to fit the muon to electron mass ratio without fine tuning of the Yukawa coupling constants. When fermion energy density becomes comparable with dark energy density, the theory allows new type of states - Cosmo-Low Energy Physics (CLEP) states. Neutrinos in CLEP state can be both a good candidate for dark matter and responsible for a new type of dark energy. In the latter case the total energy density of the universe is less than it would be in the universe free of fermionic matter at all. The (quintessence) scalar field is coupled to dark matter but its coupling to regular fermionic matter appears to be extremely suppressed.
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GUENDELMAN, E. I., and A. B. KAGANOVICH. "NEW PHYSICS AT LOW ENERGIES AND DARK MATTER-DARK ENERGY TRANSMUTATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 06 (March 10, 2005): 1140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024018.

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A field theory is proposed where the regular fermionic matter and the dark fermionic matter can be different states of the same "primordial" fermion fields. In regime of the fermion densities typical for normal particle physics, the primordial fermions split into three families identified with regular fermions. When fermion energy density becomes comparable with dark energy density, the theory allows transition to new type of states. The possibility of such Cosmo-Low Energy Physics (CLEP) states is demonstrated by means of solutions of the field theory equations describing FRW universe filled with homogeneous scalar field and uniformly distributed nonrelativistic neutrinos. Neutrinos in CLEP state are drawn into cosmological expansion by means of dynamically changing their own parameters. One of the features of the fermions in CLEP state is that in the late time universe their masses increase as a3/2 (a=a(t) is the scale factor). The energy density of the cold dark matter consisting of neutrinos in CLEP state scales as a sort of dark energy; this cold dark matter possesses negative pressure and for the late time universe its equation of state approaches that of the cosmological constant. The total energy density of such universe is less than it would be in the universe free of fermionic matter at all.
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GUENDELMAN, E. I., and A. B. KAGANOVICH. "GEOMETRICAL ORIGIN OF FERMION FAMILIES IN SU(2) × U(1) GAUGE THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 19 (June 21, 2002): 1227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007351.

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A spontaneously broken SU (2) × U (1) gauge theory with just one "primordial" generation of fermions is formulated in the context of generally covariant theory which contains two measures of integration in the action: the standard [Formula: see text] and a new Φd4x, where Φ is a density built out of degrees of freedom independent of the metric. Such type of models are known to produce a satisfactory answer to the cosmological constant problem. Global scale invariance is implemented. After SSB of scale invariance and gauge symmetry it is found that with the conditions appropriate to laboratory particle physics experiments, to each primordial fermion field corresponds three physical fermionic states. Two of them correspond to particles with different constant masses and they are identified with the first two generations of the electroweak theory. The third fermionic states at the classical level get nonpolynomial interactions which indicate the existence of fermionic condensate and fermionic mass generation.
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Bernardini, Alex E., and Roldão da Rocha. "Matter Localization on Brane-Worlds Generated by Deformed Defects." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3650632.

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Localization and mass spectrum of bosonic and fermionic matter fields of some novel families of asymmetric thick brane configurations generated by deformed defects are investigated. The localization profiles of spin 0, spin 1/2, and spin 1 bulk fields are identified for novel matter field potentials supported by thick branes with internal structures. The condition for localization is constrained by the brane thickness of each model such that thickest branes strongly induce matter localization. The bulk mass terms for both fermion and boson fields are included in the global action as to produce some imprints on mass-independent potentials of the Kaluza-Klein modes associated with the corresponding Schrödinger equations. In particular, for spin 1/2 fermions, a complete analytical profile of localization is obtained for the four classes of superpotentials here discussed. Regarding the localization of fermion fields, our overall conclusion indicates that thick branes produce aleft-right asymmetric chirallocalization of spin 1/2 particles.
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GUENDELMAN, E. I., and A. B. KAGANOVICH. "FERMION FAMILIES AND LONG-RANGE FORCE PROBLEMS: INTERRELATION AND RESOLUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 11, no. 10 (December 2002): 1591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271802002943.

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We study a generally covariant model with SSB of scale invariance where two measures of integration in the action enter: the standard [Formula: see text] and a new Φd4x, where Φ is a density built out of degrees of freedom independent of the metric. Under normal laboratory conditions where the fermionic matter dominates, it is found that starting from a single fermionic field we obtain exactly three different types of spin 1/2 particles which can be identified with known fermion families. It is automatically achieved that for two of them, fermion masses are constants, the energy-momentum tensor is canonical and the "fifth force" is absent. For the third family, a self-interaction appears as a result of SSB of scale invariance.
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DOFF, A., and F. PISANO. "CHARGE QUANTIZATION IN THE LARGEST LEPTOQUARK–BILEPTON CHIRAL ELECTROWEAK SCHEME." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 17 (June 7, 1999): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399001218.

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The uniqueness of the hypercharge assignments in the three-fermion families leptoquark–bilepton SU (3)C× SU (4)L× U (1)N model is established. Although the gauge group contains an explicit U(1) factor, freedom from triangle anomalies combined with the requirement of nonvanishing charged fermion masses uniquely fix the electric charges of all fermions independently of the neutrinos being massless or not. The electric-charge quantization, flavor family replication, and the existence of three colors are interwoven.
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Delbourgo, R., PD Jarvis, and RC Warner. "Models for Fermion Generations based on Five Fermionic Coordinates." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 3 (1991): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910135.

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We show that a limited range of options for fermion families may be neatly encompassed in a spacetime augmented by five Grassmann internal coordinates if we require that the superfields are self-dual in an 5U(5) sense. Amongst the possibilities is a family of just three standard model generations. We consider the nature of Higgs fields in this formalism and the form of possible gauge symmetries.
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GUENDELMAN, E. I., and A. B. KAGANOVICH. "QUINTESSENTIAL POTENTIAL, FERMION FAMILIES AND SPONTANEOUS BREAKING OF SCALE SYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 29 (November 20, 2002): 4419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02013496.

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We study a generally covariant model with SSB of scale invariance where two measures of integration in the action enter: the standard [Formula: see text] and a new Φd4x, where Φ is a density built out of degrees of freedom independent of the metric. The theory demonstrates a new mechanism for generation of the exponential potential: in the conformal Einstein frame, after SSB of scale invariance, the theory develops the exponential potential and, in general, non-linear kinetic term is generated as well. The scale symmetry does not allow the appearance of terms breaking the exponential shape of the potential that solves the problem of the flatness of the scalar field potential in the context of quintessential scenarios. Under normal laboratory conditions where the fermionic matter dominates, it is found that starting from a single fermionic field we obtain exactly three different types of spin 1/2 particles which can be identified with known fermion families. It is automatically achieved that for two of them, fermion masses are constants, the energy-momentum tensor is canonical and the "fifth force" is absent. For the third family, a self-interaction appears as a result of SSB of scale invariance.
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Adler, Stephen L. "SU(8) family unification with boson–fermion balance." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 22 (August 29, 2014): 1450130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14501309.

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We formulate an SU(8) family unification model motivated by requiring that the theory should incorporate the graviton, gravitinos, and the fermions and gauge fields of the standard model, with boson–fermion balance. Gauge field SU(8) anomalies cancel between the gravitinos and spin ½ fermions. The 56 of scalars breaks SU(8) to SU(3) family × SU(5) × U(1)/Z5, with the fermion representation content needed for "flipped" SU(5) with three families, and with residual scalars in the 10 and [Formula: see text] representations that break flipped SU(5) to the standard model. Dynamical symmetry breaking can account for the generation of 5 representation scalars needed to break the electroweak group. Yukawa couplings of the 56 scalars to the fermions are forbidden by chiral and gauge symmetries, so in the first stage of SU(8) breaking fermions remain massless. In the limit of vanishing gauge coupling, there are N = 1 and N = 8 supersymmetries relating the scalars to the fermions, which restrict the form of scalar self-couplings and should improve the convergence of perturbation theory, if not making the theory finite and "calculable." In an Appendix we give an analysis of symmetry breaking by a Higgs component, such as the (1, 1)(-15) of the SU(8) 56 under SU(8) ⊃ SU(3) × SU(5) × U(1), which has nonzero U(1) generator.
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Abbas, Gauhar. "Solving the fermionic mass hierarchy of the Standard Model." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 20 (July 20, 2019): 1950104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501045.

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We show that a simultaneous explanation for fermionic mass hierarchy among and within the fermionic families, quark-mixing, can be obtained in an extension of the Standard Model, with real singlet scalar fields, which are UV completed by vector-like fermions and a strongly interacting sector.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fermion familie"

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Schweizer, Julian [Verfasser], and Wilfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchmüller. "Fermion families and soft supersymmetry breaking from flux in six dimensions / Julian Schweizer ; Betreuer: Wilfried Buchmüller." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112459115X/34.

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Pisano, F. [UNESP]. "Fermions exoticos, novas dinamicas de sabor e o problema das familias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132837.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-13T13:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-13T13:31:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000027485.pdf: 2356626 bytes, checksum: d6e7c8eacde509a51e1667d95b5eb521 (MD5)
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Menzel, Andreas. "Constraints on the Fourth-Generation Quark Mixing Matrix from Precision Flavour Observables." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17711.

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Das Standardmodell einer zusätzlichen sequentiellen Fermiongeneration (SM4) war 2012 auf Basis eines Fits an elektroschwache Präzisionsobservable und die Higgs-Signalstärken mit einer Signifikanz von 5.3 sigma ausgeschlossen worden. Komplementär dazu wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Fits des SM4 an eine Kombination eines typischen Satzes von Flavour-Observablen mit den Ergebnissen des zuvor durchgeführten Elektroschwachen Präzisionsfits durchgeführt. Im SM3-Kontext extrahierte Größen wurden gemäß ihrer Bedeutung im SM4 reinterpretiert und die angepassten theoretischen Ausdrücke angegeben. Die resultierenden Einschränkungen der CKM-Matrix des SM4, ihrer potentiell CP-verletzenden Phasen sowie der Masse des up-type-Quarks der 4. Generation t'' werden angegeben. Zum Vergleich des SM4 mit dem SM3 werden die erreichten chi^2-Werte genutzt. chi^2=15.53 im SM4 und 9.56 im SM3 passen fast vollkommen zu einer gleich guten Beschreibung der Experimente durch beide Modelle, wobei das SM3 aber sechs Freiheitsgrade mehr besitzt. Außerdem wurden die Vorhersagen des SM3 und des SM4 für die Dimyon-Ladungsasymmetrie ASL mit experimentellen Werten verglichen. Die Vorhersage des SM3 ist ca. 2 sigma vom experimentellen Wert entfernt, die des SM4 ca. 3 sigma.\par Die Ergebnisse deuten nicht darauf hin, dass die Signifikanz des 2012 erreichten Ausschlusses des SM4 durch die Hinzunahme von Flavour-Observablen zu den damals verwendeten elektroschwachen Präzisionsobservablen und Higgs-Querschnitten bedeutend verringert würde.\par Es konnte jedoch keine genaue quantitative Aussage über die Auswirkungen der Flavourobservablen auf diese Signifikanz getroffen werden, weil das Programm CKMfitter likelihood-ratio-Berechnung nur durchführen kann, wenn sich eines der untersuchten Modelle durch Fixierung von Parametern aus dem anderen ergibt (nested models), was hier nicht der Fall ist.
The Standard Model extended by an additional sequential generation of Dirac fermions (SM4) was excluded with a significance of 5.3 sigma in 2012. This was achieved in a combined fit of the SM4 to Electroweak Precision Observables and signal strengths of the Higgs boson. This thesis complements this excludion by a fit of the SM4 to a typical set of Flavour physics observables and the results of the previously performed Electroweak Precision fit. Quantities extracted in an SM3 framework are reinterpreted in SM4 terms and the adapted theoretical expressions are given. The resultant constraints on the SM4''s CKM matrix, its potentially CP-violating phases and the mass of the new up-type quark t'' are given. To compare the relative performance of the SM4 and the SM3, this work uses the chi^2 values achieved in the fit. The values of 15.53 for the SM4 and 9.56 for the SM4 are almost perfectly consistent with both models describing the experimental data equally well with the SM3 having six degrees of freedom more. The dimuon charge asymmetry ASL was not used as a fit input because the interpretation of its measurement was subject to debate at the time when the fits were produced, but its prediction in the fit was used as an additional test of the SM4. The SM3''s prediction differs from the experimental values by about 2 sigma, and the SM4''s prediction by about 3 sigma. \par In summary, these results do not suggest that any significant reduction of the 5.3 sigma exclusion could be achieved by combining the Electroweak Precision Observables and Higgs inputs with Flavour physics data. However, the exact effect of the Flavour physics input on the significance of the SM4''s exclusion cannot be given at this point because the CKMfitter software is currently not able to perform a statistically stringent likelihood comparison of non-nested models.
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Books on the topic "Fermion familie"

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Lugaresi, Luigi. Giuseppe e Fermo Bellini: Intellettuali traspadani dell'Ottocento. Rovigo: Minelliana, 2002.

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Lévesque, Ann. À la découverte de votre fermier de famille: Guide à l'intention des partenaires de l'agriculture soutenue par la communauté, ASC. Montréal: Équiterre, 2007.

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Lévesque, Ann. À la découverte de votre fermier de famille: Guide à l'intention des partenaires de l'agriculture soutenue par la communauté, ASC. Montréal: Équiterre, 2007.

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Stuewer, Roger H. Beta Decay Redux, Slow Neutrons, Bohr and his Realm. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827870.003.0012.

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A large conference on nuclear physics was held in London and Cambridge from October 1–6, 1934. Six German refugee physicists were present, but Werner Heisenberg was not. Czech theoretical physicists Guido Beck and Kurt Sitte had proposed a theory of beta decay that challenged Fermi’s, which Beck presented but apparently gained no support for. On October 22, Fermi serendipitously discovered the efficaciousness of slow neutrons in producing nuclear reactions. Niels Bohr would be the greatest beneficiary of Fermi’s discovery. In 1935 Bohr, with the assistance of refugee Otto Robert Frisch, began to develop experimental nuclear physics at his institute, which after its inauguration in 1920 became a mecca for young physicists. On September 29, 1943, Bohr and his family were among the 7220 Danish and other Jews who were transported to Sweden in the greatest mass rescue operation of the war.
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Dove, Guy. Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061975.001.0001.

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Our thoughts depend on knowledge about objects, people, properties, and events. In order to think about where we left our keys, what we are going to make for dinner, when we last fed the dogs, and how we are going to survive our next visit with our family, we need to know something about locations, keys, cooking, dogs, survival, families, and so on. Researchers have sought to explain how our brains can store and access such general knowledge. A growing body of evidence suggests that many of our concepts are grounded in action, emotion, and perception systems. We appear to think about the world by means of the same mechanisms that we use to experience it. Abstract concepts like “democracy,” “fermion,” “piety,” “truth,” and “zero” represent a clear challenge to this idea. Given that they represent a uniquely human cognitive achievement, answering the question of how we acquire and use them is central to our ability to understand ourselves. In Abstract Concepts and the Embodied Mind, Guy Dove contends that abstract concepts are heterogeneous and pose three important challenges to embodied cognition. They force us to ask these questions: How do we generalize beyond the specifics of our experience? How do we think about things that we do not experience directly? How do we adapt our thoughts to specific contexts and tasks? He argues that a successful theory of grounding must embrace multimodal representations, hierarchical architecture, and linguistic scaffolding. Abstract concepts are the product of an elastic mind.
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Zirnbauer, Martin R. Symmetry classes. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.3.

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This article examines the notion of ‘symmetry class’, which expresses the relevance of symmetries as an organizational principle. In his 1962 paper The threefold way: algebraic structure of symmetry groups and ensembles in quantum mechanics, Dyson introduced the prime classification of random matrix ensembles based on a quantum mechanical setting with symmetries. He described three types of independent irreducible ensembles: complex Hermitian, real symmetric, and quaternion self-dual. This article first reviews Dyson’s threefold way from a modern perspective before considering a minimal extension of his setting to incorporate the physics of chiral Dirac fermions and disordered superconductors. In this minimally extended setting, Hilbert space is replaced by Fock space equipped with the anti-unitary operation of particle-hole conjugation, and symmetry classes are in one-to-one correspondence with the large families of Riemannian symmetric spaces.
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Heilbron, J. L. The Incomparable Monsignor. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856654.001.0001.

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Abstract This chapter discusses Monsignor Francesco Bianchini’s birth in Verona and his education in Bologna, Padua, and Rome. It mentions how Bianchini emerged well-trained in the Jesuit humanistic curriculum and Galilean science. He was a diplomat by nature and necessity and his ambitions were moderate, as were his means, namely his parents, Gaspare and Cornelia, that were Venetian subjects of the merchant class. The chapter describes the Bianchini family that lived at the Ponte delle Navi, a bridge over the Adige close to the church of San Fermo Maggiore. Bianchini’s nephew and first biographer, Alessandro Mazzoleni, mentioned singular piety as the first among his uncle’s character traits.
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Gómez-Gómez, Marta. Estudiantes universitarios monitoreando el aprendizaje autónomo de estudiantes de Educación Primaria: Experiencia de Aprendizaje-Servicio Solidario entre etapas educativas. UNED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52154/ferse0011.

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Esta experiencia se ha enmarcado dentro del Proyecto Escuela de Familias perteneciente al programa europeo Erasmus+ (Unión Europea, 2013) que se lleva a cabo simultáneamente en Fuenlabrada (España) y Fermo (Italia). A través de este proyecto se trabaja directamente con el alumnado y sus familias para prevenir el absentismo escolar y abordar las situaciones de desventaja, los problemas emocionales y la desmotivación, así como la capacitación de profesionales para el trabajo social en el ámbito educativo de escuelas primarias para mejorar la cohesión social y los aprendizajes. La acción ApS ha consistido en la formación previa, dirigida a los estudiantes de Grado de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la URJC, y en la planificación, realización y evaluación de un taller de aprendizaje autónomo monitoreado por estos estudiantes, al servicio de alumnos de 6º de Educación Primaria del CEIP Antonio Machado de Fuenlabrada. El objetivo del taller fue ofrecer a estos estudiantes un espacio para desarrollar sus capacidades, hábitos y actitudes para aprender por sí mismos, al mismo tiempo que los estudiantes universitarios desarrollaban competencias propias del docente.
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Kavokin, Alexey V., Jeremy J. Baumberg, Guillaume Malpuech, and Fabrice P. Laussy. Quantum description of light–matter coupling. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782995.003.0005.

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In this chapter we study with the tools developed in Chapter 3 the basic models that are the foundations of light–matter interaction. We start with Rabi dynamics, then consider the optical Bloch equations that add phenomenologically the lifetime of the populations. As decay and pumping are often important, we cover the Lindblad form, a correct, simple and powerful way to describe various dissipation mechanisms. Then we go to a full quantum picture, quantizing also the optical field. We first investigate the simpler coupling of bosons and then culminate with the Jaynes–Cummings model and its solution to the quantum interaction of a two-level system with a cavity mode. Finally, we investigate a broader family of models where the material excitation operators differ from the ideal limits of a Bose and a Fermi field.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fermion familie"

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Bussmann-Holder, A. "Perovskite Oxides: A Rich and Fascinating Crystal Class Family." In Pair Correlations in Many-Fermion Systems, 63–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1555-9_4.

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Li, Da-Xi. "Direct Compactification of Heterotic Strings, Modular Invariance and Three Families of Chiral Fermions." In Super Field Theories, 453–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0913-0_23.

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Brison, Jean-Pascal. "p-Wave Superconductivity and d-Vector Representation." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 165–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64623-3_6.

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AbstractSince the mid-80s, new classes of superconductors have been discovered in which the origin of superconductivity cannot be attributed to the electron–ion interactions at the heart of conventional superconductivity. Most of these unconventional superconductors are strongly correlated electron systems, and identifying (or even more difficult, predicting) the precise superconducting state has been, and sometimes remains, an actual challenge. However, in most cases, it has been demonstrated that in these materials the spin state of the Cooper pairs is a singlet state, often associated with a ‘d-wave’ or ‘$$s +/-$$ s + / - ’ orbital state. For a few systems, a spin-triplet state is strongly suspected, like in superfluid $$^3$$ 3 He; this leads to a much more complex superconducting order parameter. This was long supposed to be the case for the d-electron system Sr$$_2$$ 2 RuO$$_4$$ 4 , and is very likely realized in some uranium-based (f-electron) ‘heavy fermions’ like UPt$$_3$$ 3 (with multiple superconducting phases) or UGe$$_2$$ 2 (with coexisting ferromagnetic order). Beyond the interest for these materials, p-wave superconductivity is presently quite fashionable for its topological properties and the prediction that it could host Majorana-like low energy excitations, seen as a route towards robust (topologically protected) qubits. The aim of these notes is to make students and experimentalists more familiar with the d-vector representation used to describe p-wave (spin triplet) superconductivity. The interest of this formalism will be illustrated on some systems where p-wave superconductivity is the prime suspect.
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"FERMION FAMILIES: CONFERENCE SUMMARY." In The Relations of Particles, 69–74. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799104_0005.

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Adler, Stephen L. "SU(8) Family Unification with Boson Fermion Balance." In 50 Years of Quarks, 487–506. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814618113_0027.

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Gieseker, D., H. Knörrer, and E. Trubowitz. "Topology of the Family of Fermi Curves." In The Geometry of Algebraic Fermi Curves, 125–62. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-282620-7.50010-7.

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Belaubre, Christophe. "De Juan Fermin à Juan José Aycinena : les évolutions du réseau socio-économique d’une grande famille en Amérique Centrale. xviiie et xixe siècles." In Pouvoirs des familles, familles de pouvoir, 525–45. Presses universitaires du Midi, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pumi.39801.

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Kresin, Vladimir Z., Sergei G. Ovchinnikov, and Stuart A. Wolf. "Materials (II)." In Superconducting State, 309–62. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845331.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the properties of a number of interesting superconducting materials. The study of phonon-mediated superconductors, such as A-15 materials and MgB2, flourished after the discovery of the high-Tc hydrides. At present, this family displays, under high pressure, record values of Tc close to room temperature. Other interesting systems, such as pnictides, heavy fermions, and ruthenates, with their peculiar interplay of superconductivity and magnetism, are also described. Fe-based superconductors, which were recently discovered, have relatively high Tc at ambient pressure. They display a two-gap energy spectrum. Pairing in intercalated nitrides is mainly provided by acoustic plasmons. Tungsten oxides represent a new family of oxides containing elements other than copper; they form filamentary structures. A special class is formed by topological superconductors; usually their properties are caused by odd-parity pairing. The presence of the states inside of the energy gap make these superconductors similar to topological insulators.
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Menon, Tushar. "Taking Up Superspace." In Philosophy Beyond Spacetime, 103–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844143.003.0005.

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Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a proposed symmetry between bosons and fermions. The structure of the space of SUSY generators is such that the distinction between internal and spacetime symmetries is blurred. As a result, there are two viable candidates for the spacetime setting for a flat supersymmetric field theory—Minkowski spacetime and superspace, an extension of Minkowski spacetime to include (at least) four new dimensions, coordinatized by ‘supernumbers’, i.e. numbers with nontrivial commutation properties. This chapter argues for two theses: first, that one standard set of arguments, related to universality of symmetry behaviour, that motivate a particular choice of spacetime structure in familiar spacetime theories motivates the choice of superspace as the appropriate spacetime for SUSY field theories; and second, that the metaphysical utility of the concept of spacetime requires more than just the satisfaction of this universality condition; in supersymmetric theories, the spacetime concept is not as useful as in special relativity.
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10

"Principles of Semiconductors." In Introduction to Photocatalysis: From Basic Science to Applications, 45–64. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782623205-00045.

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Electronic structures of semiconductors are briefly described based on the correlation of chemical bonds with the band structures. The concept of band is introduced from the viewpoint of the group of electronic energy levels which are increased with increasing the number of the atoms constructing semiconductors. The position of the Fermi energy level in the bands and the excitation between bands in the electronic structure are introduced to describe n-type semiconductors. Bandgap energy and band edge position are presented for some semiconductors familiar in the reports of photocatalysis. Finally, the size quantization effects for TiO2 and ZnO are discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fermion familie"

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Guendelman, E., and A. Kaganovich. "TOWARDS A SIMULTANEOUS RESOLUTION OF THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AND FERMION FAMILIES PROBLEMS." In Proceedings of the Tenth Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704948_0034.

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Metoki, Naoto, Adam A. Aczel, Dai Aoki, Songxue Chi, Jaime A. Fernandez-Baca, Jean-Christophe Griveau, Masato Hagihala, et al. "The f-electron State of the Heavy Fermion Superconductor NpPd5Al2 and the Isostructural Family." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2019). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.30.011123.

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Hernandez - Galeana, Albino. "Fermion masses and mixing within a SU(3) family symmetry model with five sterile neutrinos." In 1st Electronic Conference on Universe. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09266.

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4

Mankoč Borštnik, N. S. "Fermions and Bosons in the Expanding Universe by the Spin-charge-family Theory." In Conference on Cosmology, Gravitational Waves and Particles. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813231801_0024.

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Journal articles
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