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Williams, Brian Lee Ditchkoff Stephen S. "Efficiency of surveying, baiting, and trapping wild pigs at Fort Benning, Georgia." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2008.
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Ghimire, Shristi. "Screening for enteric coronaviruses in fecal samples of feral pigs of California, USA." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149259749972315.
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Goulding, Martin John. "An investigation of free-living wild boar Sus scrofa L. in southern England." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270553.
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Jolley, David Buck Ditchkoff Stephen S. "Reproduction and herpetofauna depredation of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) at Fort Benning, Georgia." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/JOLLEY_BUCK_59.pdf.
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Sparklin, William DeRoche. "Territoriality and habitat selection of feral pigs on Fort Benning, Georgia, USA." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06052009-130412.
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Ryan, James L. "Multiscale landscape genetics analysis of feral pigs in the Herbert region of far-north Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227325/1/James_Ryan_Thesis.pdf.
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Management of invasive species is notoriously difficult and often expensive. The aim of this study was to inform feral pig management practises in far-north Queensland by utilising molecular markers and geographic information systems to evaluate the affect of landscape features on feral pig population structure. This thesis evaluated landscape features at multiple spatial scales to identify landscape features that are a barrier or facilitator of feral pig movement and makes recommendations for future management strategies.
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Lopez, Jobina. "Targeted control of feral pigs in far north Queensland : defining management units using molecular techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61088/1/Jobina_Lopez_Thesis.pdf.
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The feral pig, Sus scrofa, is a widespread and abundant invasive species in Australia. Feral pigs pose a significant threat to the environment, agricultural industry, and human health, and in far north Queensland they endanger World Heritage values of the Wet Tropics. Historical records document the first introduction of domestic pigs into Australia via European settlers in 1788 and subsequent introductions from Asia from 1827 onwards. Since this time, domestic pigs have been accidentally and deliberately released into the wild and significant feral pig populations have become established, resulting in the declaration of this species as a class 2 pest in Queensland.
The overall objective of this study was to assess the population genetic structure of feral pigs in far north Queensland, in particular to enable delineation of demographically independent management units. The identification of ecologically meaningful management units using molecular techniques can assist in targeting feral pig control to bring about effective long-term management.
Molecular genetic analysis was undertaken on 434 feral pigs from 35 localities between Tully and Innisfail. Seven polymorphic and unlinked microsatellite loci were screened and fixation indices (FST and analogues) and Bayesian clustering methods were used to identify population structure and management units in the study area. Sequencing of the hyper-variable mitochondrial control region (D-loop) of 35 feral pigs was also examined to identify pig ancestry.
Three management units were identified in the study at a scale of 25 to 35 km. Even with the strong pattern of genetic structure identified in the study area, some evidence of long distance dispersal and/or translocation was found as a small number of individuals exhibited ancestry from a management unit outside of which they were sampled. Overall, gene flow in the study area was found to be influenced by environmental features such as topography and land use, but no distinct or obvious natural or anthropogenic geographic barriers were identified. Furthermore, strong evidence was found for non-random mating between pigs of European and Asian breeds indicating that feral pig ancestry influences their population genetic structure. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA clades, representing Asian domestic pig breeds and European breeds. A significant finding was that pigs of Asian origin living in Innisfail and south Tully were not mating randomly with European breed pigs populating the nearby Mission Beach area.
Feral pig control should be implemented in each of the management units identified in this study. The control should be coordinated across properties within each management unit to prevent re-colonisation from adjacent localities. The adjacent rainforest and National Park Estates, as well as the rainforest-crop boundary should be included in a simultaneous control operation for greater success.
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Caley, Peter, and n/a. "The ecology and management of feral pigs in the 'wet-dry' tropics of the Northern Territory." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060623.133205.
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This thesis is concerned with studying aspects of the
ecology of feral pigs in the wet-dry tropics of the Northern
Territory. The data are needed for use in the management of
feral pigs to reduce their agricultural and potential
epidemiological impact. Particular emphasis is placed on
collecting data needed for modelling foot-and-mouth disease in
feral pigs, estimating agricultural damage caused by pigs and
evaluating control techniques. All fieldwork was conducted in
the Douglas Daly district of the Northern Territory.
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Medeiros, Antonio Augusto Rosa. "Distribuição espacial e fatores associados ao contato entre javalis e suínos de subsistência no Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142993.
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O Javali (Sus scrofa scrofa) é uma espécie com ampla distribuição mundial e presente no Brasil. No Rio Grande do Sul, nos últimos anos, aumentaram os relatos de ataques e prejuízos causados pela presença de javalis asselvajados, sendo seus impactos negativos observados na degradação da vegetação nativa e água de superfície, na predação sobre a fauna e pecuária, e na possibilidade de transmissão de doenças para humanos e animais. A localização destes animais de vida livre e os possíveis fatores associados à sua presença são de extrema importância para a Gestão Ambiental e de Saúde Animal, uma vez que estes animais podem assumir um importante papel na introdução e disseminação de doenças para a pecuária gaúcha. Um estudo foi realizado nos anos de 2012 e 2014 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul visando identificar possíveis fatores associados à presença destes animais de vida livre junto às propriedades de suínos de subsistência e apresentar uma análise espacial para identificar possíveis aglomerados da presença destes animais no Estado. As propriedades amostradas no estudo foram propriedades de suínos de subsistência, que apresentam uma menor tecnificação e biosseguridade quando comparada com as propriedades comerciais, o que pode facilitar essa interação. Foi utilizada uma amostragem proposital, onde foram selecionadas 640 propriedades em cada ano, primeiramente destinada para comprovar a ausência de atividade do vírus da Peste Suína Clássica nos criatórios do Rio Grande do Sul. Um questionário epidemiológico foi aplicado nas propriedades amostradas a fim de caracterizar e identificar as que apresentam relatos da presença de javalis asselvajados e elencar os possíveis fatores associados a sua presença. De todas as 640 propriedades amostradas, em 63 (9,8%) os proprietários relataram a possível presença de suínos asselvajados. Para análise dos fatores associados, foi utilizado um modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. No modelo final, os fatores associados à presença de javalis asselvajados foram: ter suínos criados próximos a reservas naturais (RP=2,29; IC 95% 1,10- 4,75), criação extensiva de suínos (RP=2,63; IC 95% 1,59- 4,34), ter criação de híbridos de javalis e suínos (RP=2,37; IC 95%1,09-5,19), criações de javalis na propriedade (RP=3,22; IC 95% 1,21- 8,58) e tamanho da propriedade em Km²(RP=0,54; IC 95% 0,26-1,11). Através da análise espacial foi possível identificar aglomerados de relatos da presença destes animais nas regiões sul e nordeste do Estado. Com esse estudo, espera-se dar auxilio do ponto de vista teórico a gestores públicos na implantação de políticas de saúde animal e de conservação que visem mitigar os possíveis riscos da interface animais de produção e vida selvagem.The wild boar is a species from Eurasia which is widely distributed, being introduced in several countries, including Brazil, where it is considered an exotic invasive species. Considering the fact that pigs and wild boar belong to the same species and share the same pathogens, they have been regarded a reservoir for various harmful diseases for livestock. It is essential scientific knowledge about these free-living populations interactions with commercial pig farming. There are increasing reports numbers regarding attacks and damage caused by feral pig presence in Rio Grande do Sul. It has been causing negative impacts on native vegetation, wildlife predation, and the likelihood of transmitting diseases to humans and animals. This study aims to identify where feral pigs are in the state and assess factors associated with domestic pigs contact. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2014 using a purposive sampling, intended primarily to demonstrate and document the absence of classical swine fever virus in the farms within a free zone. A total of 640 subsistence farms were sampled throughout the state. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in these farms to identify attack and/or wild boar existence in the vicinities of the property (response variable). A Poisson regression model was used to determine factors associated with wild boar presence in these farms through the estimates of prevalence ratio (PR) and a scan statistic was used to find possible cluster of the wild boars presence in Rio Grande do Sul state. The variables associated with wild boar presence were farms located near forest reserves (PR=2.29; CI 95% 1,10-4,45), Total farm Area (PR=0.54; CI 95% 0.26-1.11), Farms raising outdoors pigs (PR=2.63; CI 95% 1.59-4.34) and farms raising wild boars (PR=3.22; CI 95%1.21- .8.58) and farms raising hybrid with wild boar and swine (PR=2,37; CI 95% 1,09-5,19). In the Northeast region and the Southern state two clusters were identified and overlapped in each year of study. Factors associated with feral pig presence in backyard pig farms were primarily linked with environmental variables. Properties near forest reserves, indigenous reserves and rural settlements had higher prevalence ratio (PR). This can be explained due to feral animals necessity to find refuge areas for its maintenance and stabilization, which increases contact probability with domestic pigs raised round these areas. It is proposed to support decision makers on animal health implementation policies in order to mitigate contact´s risk between domestic species and wild animals, minimizing pathogens transmission probabilities among them.
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Hanson, Laura B. Mitchell Michael S. "Demography of feral pig populations at Fort Benning, Georgia." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/HANSON_LAURA_35.pdf.
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Gaston, Wesson Dalton Armstrong James B. "Feral pig (Sus scrofa) survival, home range, and habitat use at Lowndes County Wildlife Management Area, Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Thesis/Gaston_Wesson_59.pdf.
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Thompson, S. J. "The renin-angiotensin system in the fetal guinea pig." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380343.
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Lawrence, Grant S. "Evaluation of pH Dependent Prototype Feral Pig Toxicants." Thesis, Sul Ross State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10270093.
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Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most ecologically harmful species in North America and are expanding across the U.S. at alarming rates. Feral pigs are an extremely prolific, destructive species and native ecosystems will continue to suffer unless resource managers intervene to reduce the damages caused by feral pigs. In 2015, in cooperation with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department–Kerr Wildlife Management Area, I investigated the efficacy of several novel feral pig control prototype products (i.e., toxic baits) to: 1) compare lethality and length of intoxication times between 13 microencapsulated sodium nitrite (MESN) formulations in pseudo gavage dosed captive feral pigs; 2) evaluate residual sodium nitrite levels and potential risks of vomited MESN bait on non-target species; and 3) assess the lethality of 5 unique sodium nitrite formulations in group pen feeding trials. Pseudo gavage trials resulted in 4 MESN formulations achieving a 100% lethality rate with delayed emergence of intoxication symptoms compared to previous literature. Unexpectedly, gastric coatings delayed the onset of intoxication to the same degree as enteric coatings. Vomit appeared to be positively correlated with the delivery of a lethal dose of MESN paste bait as 55/56 pigs (98.21%) vomited and died. Residual sodium nitrite in vomited bait was 90% less than the sodium nitrite concentrations in the delivered paste matrix. Despite this reduction, vomited bait could serve as a potential threat to non-target and secondary consumers, although the degradation time, residual persistence, and probability of non-target vomit consumption remains unknown. Group pen trials, testing 5 unique sodium nitrite formulations, resulted in ?80.95% overall lethality, with the greatest individual formulation lethality equaling 96.77%. Results from these studies will be beneficial in determining a MESN feral swine toxicant formulation for registration with the United States Environmental Protection Agency in the future.
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Perera, Joanne Karunaratne. "Fetal programming of fat and connective tissue in porcine muscle." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701659.
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Dodson, Kathryn Kristine. "Transfer Frequency of CMY-2-Encoding Plasmids Among Fecal Flora of Pigs." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395851225.
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Alwan, A. F. "The development of thyroid and adrenal function in fetal and newborn guinea pigs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379288.
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Barahona, Roberto G. Suazo. "Intrauterine position in pigs: effects on conceptus development and fetal fluids steroid content." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43288.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intrauterine position and its possibly resultant steroid differential on conceptus growth and steroid content in allantoic and amniotic fluid of pigs. six conceptus variables (placental weight, placental length, fetal weight, fetal length, allantoic fluid volume and amniotic fluid volume) and seven steroids (progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, estrone and estrone sulfate) were evaluated. Four fetal positions were studied: females between females (f2F), females between males (fOF) , males between females (m2F) and males between males (mOF).
Fetuses examined from ovariectomized (OVX) pregnenolone (PS)-treated gilts showed differences in placental
weight, allantoic fluid estrone and androstenedione content and amniotic fluid androstenedione content as a result of intrauterine position. Fetuses from OVX gilts treated with either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) I or progesterone (P4) showed differences in placental length due to intrauterine position. Allantoic and amniotic fluid content of any of the steroids studied from OVX MPA- and P4-treated gilts was not altered as a result of intrauterine position. Intrauterine position appears to have a definite influence on conceptus development and possibly on steroid content. However, discrepancies' of results among trials possibly as a result of differences in type and amount of exogenous precursor enable us to draw stronger conclusions on the intrauterine position effect.Master of Science
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Waylan, Ann Terese. "Effects of L-carnitine on fetal growth and the IGF system in pigs /." Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Shuster, Gabriela. "The Management Of Feral Pig Socio-Ecological Systems In Far North Queensland, Australia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1357345563.
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Choquenot, David. "The dynamics of feral pig populations in the semi-arid rangelands of Eastern Australia." Phd thesis, University of Sydney, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14299.
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Brescacin, Camille Rose. "The role of the feral pig (Sus scrofa) as a disturbance agent and seed disperser in central Florida's natural lands." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4679.
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Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are considered to be among the world's worst invasive species due to their successful invasion and ecological and economic impact to native and agricultural plants and animals around the world. Feral pigs are significant disturbance agents that destroy plant communities, change soil characteristics, alter nutrient cycling, and create open sites for colonization of both native and non-native plant species through their foraging behavior called rooting. In contrast to native animal disturbances, rooting is a striking feature in the landscape that varies in space, seasonal timing, frequency (number of times rooted), and intensity (depth of rooting). During this study, feral pigs rooted 7.7% of the search area, which increased to 12% when abandoned patches (baseline patches that were not rooted during this study) were included. Overall, feral pigs rooted and re-rooted habitats along roads and trails significantly more than wetlands. Rooting also varied temporally with the most rooting occurring during July-November, which also corresponds to the peak in rooting intensity. Implications to land managers include avoiding the installation of roads and trails near wet to mesic habitats or other habitats that contain species of concern in order to conserve habitat quality and recreational value. Despite less rooting activity, feral pigs still pose a significant threat to wetlands as evidenced by the large amount of abandoned patches documented. In order to conserve natural areas, effective management and development of efficient control methods is needed to keep feral pig populations in check. As a large opportunistic omnivore, feral pigs have the potential to be important vectors for endozoochorus seed dispersal of a variety of plant species. Feral pigs can travel long distances and have a gut retention time up to 49 hours, therefore seeds can be deposited throughout the landscape far from the parent plant.; Over the course of this study, feral pigs dispersed 50 plant species from a wide range of ecological and morphological characteristics, though the majority were native, small seeded, wetland species. For most plant species, location of deposition matched their habitat preference and suggests a high probability of survival. Feral pigs disperse mainly wetland plant species, which has important implications for wetland conservation. However, feral pigs also deposited unwanted species into wetlands and predated the seeds of important wetland canopy tree species.ID: 030422985; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references.
M.S.
Masters
Department of Biology
Sciences
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Turner, Anita Jillian Connelly. "Ultrasound measures of growth in the normal and the growth restricted fetal guinea pig." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27664.
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The first chapter gives an overview of the literature available on the topic of IUGR. The second and third chapters involve the creation of normal ranges for ultrasound measures of growth and umbilical placental blood flow in the fetal guinea pig. The fourth chapter describes techniques used to cause growth parameters mentioned above, to describe the pattern of IUGR.
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Wilt, Heather Dawn. "Supplementation of zinc and biotin : effect on growth performance, plasma and fecal zinc concentrations, and metabolic capacities and biochemcal phenotypes of fecal flora in nursery pigs /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426115.
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Novak, Matthew S. "A model experimental system for studying prenatal stress in pigtailed macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9093.
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Li, Andrew. "Role of feral pig (Sus scrofa) in the dissemination of Phytophthora cinnamomi in South-western Australia." Thesis, Li, Andrew (2012) Role of feral pig (Sus scrofa) in the dissemination of Phytophthora cinnamomi in South-western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/9801/.
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Phytophthora cinnamomi is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes dieback, a disease that devastates many native vegetation ecosystems in Australia, particularly in south-west Western Australia. Feral pigs have long been implicated as vectors in the spread of this introduced plant pathogen due to their contact with infested soil and foraging habits. This study aimed to investigate the potential for feral pigs to disseminate P. cinnamomi and to determine their role in the spread of dieback.
Feral pigs trapped in three sampling areas within the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of south-west Western Australia were sampled for the presence of P. cinnamomi. Faecal (n=208) and soil samples (n= 140) were collected from trapped pigs. In addition, 374 faecal and 36 soil samples were also collected from sites frequented by feral pigs. Phytophthora cinnamomi was not recovered from any of the faecal or soil samples. However saprophytic pathogens such as Mucor and Fusarium spp. were detected in the faeces and Pythium spp. was also detected in the soil samples, suggesting that feral pigs can act as vectors for the spread of soil-borne pathogens.
Stomach contents from 100 feral pigs trapped across the three sampling areas were analysed to investigate the proportion of P. cinnamomi susceptible plant matter present in the feral pig diet. A high frequency of plant material (85%) was found in the pig stomachs, of which 25.8% consisted of subterranean plant structures such as roots and tubers. Underground fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Rhizopogon were also a significant food item. There was no statistically significant preference detected for food items by pigs between the three sampling areas, regardless of sex and/or month of capture. However, older and larger pigs consumed significantly more bark (p= 0.0002).
To further investigate the potential for P. cinnamomi to survive passage through the pig digestive tract a feeding trial was undertaken. Phytophthora cinnamomi inoculated millet (Panicum miliaceum) seeds, pine (Pinus radiata) plugs, and Banksia leptophylla roots were fed to pigs and subsequently recovered after passage. The viability of P. cinnamomi inoculated plant materials post digestion ranged from 25.5% to 98.3%. Detection for P. cinnamomi presence in the materials via qPCR confirmed a decrease in P. cinnamomi DNA with increasing time to passage. These investigations demonstrated that plant material infected with P. cinnamomi can remain viable following passage through the pig digestive tract suggesting that the plant material may provide protection for P. cinnamomi against the adverse conditions of the pig digestive tract. Subsequently, plant infection trials using infected pine plugs passaged through the pig digestive tract highlighted that material passaged 7 days after initial consumption was capable of infecting healthy susceptible plants. This provides evidence that feral pigs have the ability to act as a vector for P. cinnamomi through the ingestion of infected plant materials.
A species-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to enable the examination of P. cinnamomi within plant tissues. The probe was found to be specific for P. cinnamomi when tested against other Phytophthora, Pythium and enteric bacteria species. Using the FISH assay, the location of P. cinnamomi structures were detected within a variety of plant materials such as millet seeds, pine sections and root samples. Phytophthora cinnamomi structures such as hyphae and chlamydospores were found in the epidermal layer of millet seeds and within the axial rays of pine that were recovered after passage from the feeding trial. This aided understanding of how viable P. cinnamomi were able to survive passage within these plant materials. In addition, the FISH assay was also successfully applied to both laboratory-cultured and naturally infected plant roots enabling detection of the pathogen in the intracellular and intercellular spaces of roots. The assay has proven to be a useful tool in the detection of P. cinnamomi structures within plant tissues.
In conclusion, this study provides evidence that, whilst the potential consequences of pig-vectored dispersal of P. cinnamomi are high, the likelihood of feral pigs dispersing the pathogen through transport of infested soil is low. Investigations of their diet composition and the passage of viable P. cinnamomi has established the additional threat that feral pigs could spread ingested P. cinnamomi within organic substrates. This study has also highlighted the fact that there is still much to be learned about the interaction between the feral pig and the plant pathogen. Further research is therefore required to ensure that appropriate management decisions for both species can be made.
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Goldhawk, Donna E. "Guinea pig fetal membrane structure and permeability to steroids and their conjugates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21287.pdf.
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Kojwang, David Ogweno. "Liquid movement and electrical potential difference across in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs : responses to expansion and related factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34568.pdf.
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Marti, Marimon Maria Eugenia. "3D genome conformation and gene expression in fetal pig muscle at late gestation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0099.
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Dans le secteur de l’élevage porcin, les truies ont été sélectionnées pendant des décennies pour leur prolificité afin de maximiser la production de viande. Cependant, cette sélection a été associée à une mortalité plus élevée des nouveau-nés. Dans ce contexte, le muscle foetal squelettique est essentiel à la survie du porcelet, car il est nécessaire pour les fonctions motrices et la thermorégulation. Par ailleurs, la structure tridimensionnelle du génome s'est avérée jouer un rôle important dans la régulation de l'expression génique. Ainsi, dans ce projet, nous nous sommes intéressés à la conformation 3D du génome et l'expression des gènes dans les noyaux des cellules musculaires porcines à la fin de la gestation. Nous avons initialement développé une approche originale dans laquelle nous avons combiné des données transcriptomiques avec des informations de localisations nucléaires (évaluées par 3D DNA FISH) d'un sous-ensemble de gènes, afin de construire des réseaux de gènes co-exprimés. Cette étude a révélé des associations nucléaires intéressantes impliquant les gènes IGF2, DLK1 et MYH3, et a mis en évidence un réseau de gènes interdépendants spécifiques du muscle impliqués dans le développement et la maturité du muscle foetal. Nous avons ensuite évalué la conformation globale du génome dans les noyaux musculaires à 90 jours et à 110 jours de gestation en utilisant la méthode de capture de conformation de chromatine à haut débit (Hi-C) couplée au séquençage. Cette étude a permis d'identifier des milliers de régions génomiques présentant des différences significatives dans la conformation 3D entre les deux âges gestationnels. Fait intéressant, certaines de ces régions génomiques impliquent les régions télomériques de plusieurs chromosomes qui semblent former des clusters préférentiellement à 90 jours. Plus important, les changements observés dans la structure du génome sont associés de manière significative à des variations d'expression géniques entre le 90ème et le 110ème jour de gestationIn swine breeding industry, sows have been selected for decades on their prolificacy in order to maximize meat production. However, this selection is associated with a higher mortality of newborns. In this context, the skeletal fetal muscle is essential for the piglet’s survival, as it is necessary for motor functions and thermoregulation. Besides, the three-dimensional structure of the genome has been proven to play an important role in gene expression regulation. Thus, in this project, we have focused our interest on the 3D genome conformation and gene expression in porcine muscle nuclei at late gestation. We have initially developed an original approach in which we combined transcriptome data with information of nuclear locations (assessed by 3D DNA FISH) of a subset of genes, in order to build gene co expression networks. This study has revealed interesting nuclear associations involving IGF2, DLK1 and MYH3 genes, and highlighted a network of muscle specific interrelated genes involved in the development and maturity of fetal muscle. Then, we assessed the global 3D genome conformation in muscle nuclei at 90 days and 110 days of gestation by using the High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture (Hi¬ C) method. This study has allowed identifying thousands of genomic regions showing significant differences in 3D conformation between the two gestational ages. Interestingly, some of these genomic regions involve the telomeric regions of several chromosomes that seem to be preferentially clustered at 90 days. More important, the observed changes in genome structure are significantly associated with variations in gene expression between the 90th and the 110th days of gestation
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Brown, Kelly Rae. "Effects of l-carnitine on gilt growth, fetal growth and fetal muscle characteri[s]tics, and the IFG system in pigs harvested at day 40, 55, and 70 of gestation." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/162.
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Tsiounis, Maria. "Maternal undernutrition alters fetal growth and adult cholesterol homeostasis in the male guinea pig /." Title page and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbt882.pdf.
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Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 1999?Spine title: Fetal growth restriction and postnatal cholesterol homeostasis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 18-22).
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Burr, Laura Lynn. "Diet enrichment with arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid during the lactation period attenuates the effects of intrauterine growth restriction from birth to maturity in the guinea pig and improves maternal bone mass." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112384.
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) reduces bone mass by 10-30% and impairs arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid status in infants. Because AA and DHA enhance neonatal bone mass, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary 0.5% AA and 0.2% DHA (w/w) prior to weaning on bone and growth. 40 guinea pigs were randomized to either a control (C) or low-protein diet (LP) during pregnancy and the C diet or the C diet with AA+DHA during lactation. Measurements included bone mass, metabolism, and strength, and erythrocyte lipid of sows and offspring from birth to 16 wk post-partum. The LP diet induced IUGR, while the AA+DHA increased bone mass by 5-20% in sows and offspring and corrected growth and bone mass in IUGR pups. Thus, AA+DHA provided in lactation rescues the growth trajectory in an IUGR state and is beneficial to maternal and neonatal bone mass.
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Ruiz, Teresa. "The effect of metabolic inhibitors, piretanide, somatostatin and insulin on fluid secretion by in vitro fetal lungs from guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27633.
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This study introduced the isolated lungs of fetal guinea pigs as a new preparation for the investigation of prenatal lung physiology. It established their basic properties by the use of metabolic inhibitors and the CI- transport inhibitor, piretanide. In addition, the effects of two naturally occurring peptides, somatostatin and insulin were investigated. It also extended studies to a species which has received no investigation by modern methods.
The fetal lungs of fetuses from near term guinea pigs (54 to 67 days gestation) were used. The total volume of lung fluid was measured during three hours by dye-dilution of Blue Dextran 2000. In the second hour the lungs were exposed to one of the substances under investigation.
Untreated fetal lungs continued to secrete in vitro for three hours. The average rate of secretion during the first hour (2.31 ± 0.17 ml/Kg per h; n=104) is comparable to secretion rates reported in chronically catheterized fetal lambs. The combined data of the control groups showed a steady increase in lung fluid volume throughout the three hours of experiment. Sodium iodoacetate (10⁻³M and 10⁻⁴M), an inhibitor of the glycolytic pathway, reduced lung fluid secretion. Sodium fluoride, an alternative inhibitor of glycolysis, also reduced secretion. The possible importance of the aerobic metabolic pathways was tested by the use of NaCN (10⁻³M). The results were more variable than those from the glycolytic inhibitors, and suggest that NaCN slightly reduces the secretion rate. Sodium azide was tested as an alternative inhibitor of the aerobic metabolic pathway with similar results to those from NaCN, confirming that the oxidative pathway has some influence on lung secretion, although it does not appear as important as the glycolytic system. Dinitrophenol was tested as an alternative inhibitor of oxidative processes. The results suggest that dinitrophenol not only abolishes secretion but also produces reabsorption. Piretanide, a loop diuretic capable of inhibiting Na⁺/K⁺/CI⁻ co-transport, reduced lung fluid secretion rates at both 10⁻⁷M and 10⁻⁸M. Somatostatin, a natural inhibitor of Cl⁻ secretion in some tissues, reduced secretion at both 10⁻⁵M and 10⁻⁶M (no significant effect at 10⁻⁷M). Insulin is known to influence the maturity of fetal lungs, and to stimulate Na⁺ transport in some tissues; Na⁺ transport is probably involved in reabsorption. The results showed that insulin at 10⁻⁶- 10⁻⁷M reduced secretion by the isolated lung. This study suggests that the in vitro fetal lung could be a useful tool for future study.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Yount, Nannette Yquem. "The effect of dietary manipulation on fetal and maternal cholesterol metabolism in the guinea pig." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185620.
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Diets consisting of non-purified guinea pig diet or non-purified guinea pig diet supplemented with either 1.1% of the bile acid binding resin cholestyramine or 0.25% cholesterol were fed to dams from the first day of conception. Whole body rates of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase mRNA levels were determined at 0, 40 and 60 days of gestation in the dam and fetus. Sterol synthesis studies indicated that maternal hepatic cholesterol synthesis was reduced 87% by dietary cholesterol and was increased 2.9-fold with cholestyramine feeding. The pattern of fetal hepatic and peripheral tissue cholesterol synthesis rates during development indicated that synthesis was highest at 40 days gestation, and by 60 days was reduced to levels similar to that found in the adult. Cholesterol synthesis rates in the fetus were relatively insensitive to dietary manipulation; however, maternal cholestyramine treatment did result in a 1.4-fold increase in fetal carcass cholesterol synthesis at 60 days gestation. To determine whether regulation at the level of feedback suppression or induction of steady state RNA levels were also present in the fetal organism, mRNA levels for HMG-CoA reductase were quantified in the maternal and fetal liver. In these studies the guinea pig was shown to have two reductase mRNA species of 4.5 and 3.2 kb, similar to transcript sizes identified for the hamster, rat and Drosophila. Although nearly equimolar in the 40 day gestation fetus the 3.2 kb transcript predominated at 60 days. Dietary treatment had only minor effects on fetal reductase mRNA levels at 40 days gestation; however, at 60 days gestation, fetuses from cholestyramine-fed dams had elevated levels of reductase mRNA and fetuses from cholesterol fed dams had reduced levels of reductase mRNA. These studies indicate that maternal cholesterogenic systems maintain responsiveness to dietary regulation during pregnancy at both the level of sterol synthesis rates and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels. These findings also indicate that it is possible to influence those mechanisms which modulate cholesterol homeostasis prenatally. Further studies will be required to determine if such effects extend into the post-natal period and beyond.
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Ching, San. "Ontogeny of liver L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity and tissue ascorbic acid concentration in fetal, nursing, and weaned pigs, and factors influencing its synthesis /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195154358626.
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Garrad, E. Philippa. "The effects of temperature change and lung expansion on lung liquid production in in vitro preparations of lungs from fetal guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28989.
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This study examined the effects of lung expansion and changes in temperature on fluid movement by the lungs in the initial period after birth. In addition, experiments with amiloride support the belief that fluid reabsorption acts via a sodium transport mechanism.
Lungs from fetal guinea pigs (56-67 days of gestation) were supported in vitro for three hours, and lung liquid production rates were measured using a dye dilution technique. The average production rate in the first hour of untreated preparations was 1.30 ±0.22 ml/kg body weight per hour, and this did not change significantly during the remainder of the experiment (n=30). This rate is comparable to secretion rates previously reported from chronically catheterized sheep.
In 36 further preparations, the lungs were transferred from 37°C to fresh Krebs-Hanseleit saline at one of the following temperatures, for one hour (an ABA design): (a) 29°C; (b) 32°C; (c) 34°C; (d) 35°C; (e) 36°C; (f) 39°C. In all cases, the temperature change resulted in an immediate and significant fall in secretion. All lungs showed a tendency towards recovery when returned to starting conditions, except those subjected to a temperature increase. Reductions of 2-3°C, those normally seen in the delivery room, had the greatest effect and caused not only a decrease in secretion, but promoted fluid reabsorption. Amiloride at 10⁻⁶M had no effect on control preparations, but completely blocked the reabsorption stimulated by a temperature drop of 2°C.
Expansion of the lungs, which occurs naturally as a newborn attempts to take its first breaths, was also examined. Thirty fetal lungs were expanded by one of the following amounts: (a) 18%; (b) 31%; (c) 43%; (d) 50%; (e) 72%. All expansions resulted in a significant fall in secretion rate, with the effect being proportional to the degree of expansion. Amiloride at 10⁻⁶M again blocked the strong reabsorption occurring with 70% expansion. Further studies investigated the possibility that expansion causes reabsorption via the local release of a substance occurring in the lungs. When one set of lungs was expanded in the presence of a second, unexpanded set, both showed a significant
decrease in secretion, suggesting that the expanded lung had released some factor which affected the otherwise untreated lung. However, studies with α- and β- adrenergic blockers showed that it is unlikely the expanded lung was liberating either adrenaline or nor-adrenaline.
The results of this study show that two changes which are likely to occur in the period immediately after birth, namely a 2-3°C decrease in core temperature, and lung expansion, may be important in promoting the vital reabsorption of fluid. They suggest that expansion may release substances locally in the lungs which stimulate this reabsorption, and that the fluid is removed from the potential air spaces via sodium transport mechanisms.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Woods, Birgitta A. "The effects of epinephrine, AVP, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine on lung liquid production in in vitro preparations of lungs from fetal guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29821.
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This study examined the effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, AVP and ACh on fluid movement by the lungs of the late-term guinea pig fetus. Catecholamines and AVP are secreted in high amounts by the fetus during delivery, and could be important with respect to fetal lung fluid removal; this event is vital at the time of birth.
The lungs were supported in vitro for a duration of three hours, and production rates were measured using a dye-dilution technique. The average resting production rate in terms of ml/kg‧h declined with gestational age (54-67 days gestation; n=171). There was a lesser decline in the average resting production rate in terms of ml/h. The average production rate of untreated preparations in the first hour was 1.60 ± 0.26 ml/kg body weight per hour, and rates did not change significantly during the remaining two hours of experimentation (n=30). This rate is comparable to those reported from chronically catheterized fetal sheep.
Treatment was administered during the second hour of experimentation, following an ABA design. Lungs (n=36) were transferred to fresh Krebs-Henseleit saline containing one of the following concentrations of epinephrine: (a) 10‾⁵ M; (b) 10‾⁶ M; (c) 10‾⁷ M; (d) 5 x 10‾⁸ M; (e) 10‾⁸ M; and (f) 10‾⁹ M. With the exception of the top dose, epinephrine treatment caused an immediate reduction in fluid secretion, or fluid reabsorption. Sodium followed the movement of water in all cases. The effect of epinephrine at 10‾⁷ M was maximal, and the threshold dose for epinephrine was calculated at 1.78 x 10‾¹¹ M. Phentolamine and propranolol had no effect in control preparations. However, phentolamine completely blocked the effect of epinephrine, whereas propranolol was ineffective. Isoproterenol had no effect on pulmonary fluid production. Alpha-adrenergic receptors apparently mediate the effect of epinephrine on pulmonary fluid movement in the fetal guinea pig lung. This conclusion is different from that obtained in fetal sheep, in which beta-adrenergic receptors are utilized.
A possible synergism between epinephrine and AVP was examined. Lungs (n=12) were transferred to fresh Krebs-Henseleit saline containing either (a) 0.6 mU/ml AVP, or b) 0.6 mU/ml AVP combined with epinephrine at 10‾⁷ M. Treatment with AVP caused a slow, prolonged reduction in fluid production. Treatment with AVP together with epinephrine did not demonstrate synergism.
The effect of norepinephrine (NE) was examined. Lungs (n=36) were transferred to fresh Krebs-Henseleit saline containing one of the following concentrations of NE: (a) 1.24 x 10‾⁵ M; (b) 1.24 x 10‾⁶ M; (c) 1.24 x 10‾⁷ M; (d) 5.24 x 10‾⁸ M; (e) 1.24 x 10‾⁸ M; and (f) 1.24 x 10‾⁹ M. In all preparations, treatment with NE resulted in an immediate reduction in fluid production, and reabsorptions were observed at the higher doses. Sodium followed the movement of water in every case. The threshold dose was calculated at 3.16 x 10‾¹⁰ M. Phentolamine blocked the effect of NE, reinforcing the importance of pulmonary alpha-adrenergic receptors in the fetal guinea pig. There was no relationship between age and degree of response with treatment of either epinephrine or NE, but fetuses under 78.0 g did not respond to NE.
The effect of ACh was examined. Lungs (n=24) were transferred to fresh Krebs-Henseleit saline containing one of the following concentrations of ACh: (a) 10‾⁴ M; (b) 10‾⁵ M; (c) 10‾⁶ M; and (d) 10‾⁸ M. At the three top doses, immediate and powerful reabsorptions of pulmonary fluid were observed in older fetuses (60 days gestation and above); significant falls were observed in the younger fetuses. This result was unexpected, as it was hypothesized that ACh would stimulate fluid production. The threshold dose for ACh was between 10‾⁶ M and 10‾⁸ M. Phentolamine blocked the effect of ACh. This result suggested that reabsorption is a result of an indirect effect of ACh acting through pulmonary alpha receptors.
The results in this study show that epinephrine, NE, AVP and ACh are all important promoters of fetal pulmonary fluid removal in the fetal guinea pig. Pulmonary alpha-adrenergic receptors
mediate the effects of epinephrine, NE and ACh (indirectly). The conclusions drawn from this study emphasize the importance of species' comparison in fetal research.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AVP Arginine Vasopressin
NE Norepinephrine
DOPA dihydroxyphenylalanine
PNMT Phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase
ACh AcetylcholineScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Madgwick, Anthony John Alexander. "The effect of maternal undernutrition on fetal myogenesis and development in the guinea-pig ("Cavia porcellus")." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522680.
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Feldpausch, Julie Ann. "Effect of intralitter size on 60 and 95 day fetal myogenesis and development in the pig." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20587.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Jim L. Nelssen
Piglet birth weight (BtW) is inextricably associated with preweaning survival. The non-linear antagonistic relationship between BtW and mortality risk is more severe in pigs <1.11 kg BtW than in pigs with BtW >1.11 kg. Thus, our research categorized fetal pigs as small (SM), median (MD), or large (LG) size depending on relative crown-rump length at d-60 gestation or BW within litter at d-95 gestation to evaluate differences in fetal myogenesis and development. At both d-60 and d-95, brain weights did not differ but brain weight:liver weight ratio was larger (P<0.05) for SM compared MD and LG. Cross-sectional area of the Longissimus muscle increased with increasing fetal size so that LG and MD had larger (P<0.05) whole muscle cross-sectional areas than SM although number of primary and relative secondary muscle fibers and their respective cross-sectional areas did not differ. Day-60 mRNA abundance of both IGF-1 and IGF-2 in SM was greater (P<0.05) than in MD and LG. Fetal size had a marginally significant effect (P=0.103) on gene expression of IGF-2 receptor with expression least in LG. Small fetuses had greater (P<0.05) d-60 MyoD gene expression and d-95 serum IGF-1 levels than MD and LG. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding low or high doses of chlortetracycline (CTC) and antibiotic alternatives (pharmacologic Zn, Cu, and essential oil), alone or in combination, on nursery pig growth performance. Pharmacologic Cu (125 ppm from CuSO[subscript]4), Zn (2,000-3,000 ppm from ZnO), or increasing CTC level (0-441 ppm) improved growth performance additively while Origanum essential oil (0.005%) elicited no benefits and decreased G:F. Interactive effects of supplemental Cu (125 ppm), Zn (150 ppm), and ractopamine HCl (10 ppm for 28 d) on finishing pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric bacteria was evaluated. Ractopamine increased (P<0.001) ADG, G:F, HCW, percentage carcass yield, loin depth, percent fat-free lean, and decreased (P=0.014) backfat. Copper and/or Zn did not improve ADG, ADFI, or carcass traits. Fecal E. coli and Enterococcus bacterial resistance to most antibiotics decreased (P<0.05) over time or was stable for those that had a low baseline percentage of resistance.
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Chi, Fang. "Developmental expression of fatty acid binding protein and its regulation in the fetal, neonatal, and weanling pig /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784494807467.
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Foster, Jayne Louise Clinical School Prince of Wales Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The microencapsulation and transplantation of fetal pig islet-like cell clusters: a potential therapy for type 1 diabetes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40715.
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Diabetes can be considered to be one of the main health epidemics of the 21st century. Studies conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) indicate that the number of people with diabetes in the year 2000 was 171 million and this is projected to increase to 366 million by 2030 (Wild et al. 2004). The increasing incidence of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is due to population growth, aging, urbanisation, obesity and physical inactivity. The current treatment by insulin injections for individuals with Type 1 diabetes fails to overcome the long term microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with the disease. A major challenge in the treatment of diabetes is to provide patients with an insulin source that is capable of regulating blood glucose levels (BGL) on a minute to minute basis. Advances in medical research have enabled the investigation of a variety of potential alternative therapies that may provide Type 1 diabetic patients with a more superior control of BGL and consequently minimise complications. The utilisation of pancreases obtained from fetal pigs offers potential therapeutic value in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. Islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) are obtained from such tissue following partial mechanical and enzymatic digestive procedures. ICCs are primarily composed of immature duct cells which, when transplanted, will mainly differentiate into insulin producing ?? cells. Such cells are able to normalise BGL in immunodeficient diabetic recipients and in immunocompetent recipients when anti-rejection drugs are administered. This study investigates microencapsulation as an immunoprotective strategy that has the potential to remove the need for immunosuppression when such cells are transplanted. A review of the literature related to current medical research in the field of diabetes is presented in Chapter 1. In order to achieve the aims of the study, an understanding of how fetal pig ICCs behave when placed within a barium alginate microcapsule both in vitro and in vivo is essential and this data is presented in Chapter 3. This chapter demonstrates that ICCs will survive and differentiate in their typical manner when enclosed within microcapsules and transplanted. Such encapsulated cells will function to normalise BGL when transplanted into diabetic immunodeficent mice for at least 25 weeks and the animals exhibit increased bodyweight. Microcapsules retrieved at this time point were observed to be intact with no breakages or evidence of cellular overgrowth. Transplantation of encapsulated insulin-producing cells into immunocompetent mice are described in Chapter 4. Allotransplantation of a microencapsulated mouse insulin-producing cell line into these diabetic mice also exhibited graft function, resulting in normal BGL in recipients. Large animal experiments are described in Chapter 5. Allotransplantation of microencapsulated fetal pig ICCs into diabetic pig recipients displayed evidence of transient graft function in terms of lower BGL and reduced exogenous insulin requirements. The xenotransplantion of encapsulated fetal pIg ICCs into diabetic immunocompetent mice described in Chapter 4 proved to be more challenging. The transplantation of such cells in this environment did not yield particularly positive results. BGL remained elevated in these recipients and the animals lost bodyweight post transplantation. This area of research warrants further investigation as it is likely that further measures such as transient immunosuppression in combination with microencapsulation will allow fetal pig ICCs to function in a xenograft setting.
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Vasconcelos, Bruno Gomes. "Desenvolvimento do saco vitelino do guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-31102013-162300/.
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O saco vitelino é uma estrutura única dos vertebrados que evoluiu uma grande diversidade de características de desenvolvimento, estrutural e funcional. É considerado de fundamental importância para a sobrevivência inicial do embrião. Apesar dos intensos estudos sobre a placentação no guinea pig, ainda existem lacunas importantes para a sua compreensão, no que se refere ao saco vitelino. Esta pesquisa visa detalhar a caracterização morfológica e do desenvolvimento do saco vitelino no Cavia porcellus. Dezessete amostras foram coletadas em idades gestacionais de 12 a 55 dias e investigadas mediante histologia convencional, histoquímica, imunohistoquímica incluindo o marcador de proliferação e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O material histórico da implantação embrionária foi utilizado da Embryological Collection of the Museum of Natural History Berlim, Germany. Foi observada a presença temporária do saco vitelino parietal e da cavidade do saco vitelino, durante a implantação do blastocisto. O saco vitelino, que recobre a placenta corioalantoica, mostrou uma grande diferença estrutural entre o 12º e 18º dia, como a transição do epitélio pseudoestratificado para projeções, que se assemelham a uma árvore. A membrana de Reichert não está desenvolvida no 12º dia, entretanto verifica-se um espaço preenchido de material extracelular e vacúolos. A membrana de Reichert foi encontrada a partir do 16º dia de gestação e com o desenvolvimento gestacional e se tornou cada vez mais espessa e constituída de material amorfo e acelular. Os dados morfológicos sugerem que a transferência de nutrientes do saco vitelino para o feto foi mais intensa entre o 22º e 40º dia, especialmente no 40º dia. No último terço da gestação, houve uma diminuição dos tecidos de ambos os sacos vitelinos placentário e visceral. Em conclusão, o desenvolvimento do saco vitelino do guinea pig revela grande semelhança com os outros caviomorfos. Os dados sugerem que o saco vitelino nos caviomorfos é fundamental na gestação média, mas, não tanto, para os períodos iniciais da gestação, como é o caso dos outros vertebrados.The yolk sac is a unique structure of vertebrates that evolved a great diversity of developmental, structural and functional features. It is regarded to have a fundamental role for early embryo survival. Although placentation has been intensely studied in the guinea pig, there are important gaps as in regard to the yolk sac. This research will undergo a detailed morphological and developmental characterization of the yolk sac in Cavia porcellus. Seventeen specimens have been collected at gestational ages from day 12 to 55 and investigated by conventional histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry including proliferation marker and transmission electron microscopy. Historical material on earlier stages was used from the Embryological Collection of the Museum of Natural History Berlin, Germany. A temporary parietal yolk sac and yolk sac cavity occurred during the blastocyst implantation. The yolk sac covering the chorioallantoic placenta showed great structural differentiation between day 12 and 18 such as a transition from a pseudostratified epithelium to projections that resemble a tree. A Reicherts membrane was not developed on day 12, but a space filled with extracellular material and vacuoles was present. The membrane was found from day 16 onward and became thick and composed of amorphous and acellular material. The morphological data suggest that a transfer of nutrients from the yolk sac to the fetus was most advanced between 22th and 40th day, especially on the 40th day. In the last third of gestation a decrease in both, placenta and visceral, yolk sacs tissues was observed. In conclusion, the development of the yolk sac in the guinea pig showed similarities to other caviomorphs. Data suggest that the yolk sac in caviomorphs is most important for mid gestation, but not so much for early pregnancy as it is for other vertebrates.
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Maloney, Rebecca. "Virtual Fetal Pig Dissection As An Agent Of Knowledge Acquisition And Attitudinal Change In Female High School Biology Students." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2002. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/12.
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One way to determine if all students can learn through the use of computers is to introduce a lesson taught completely via computers and compare the results with those gained when the same lesson is taught in a traditional manner. This study attempted to determine if a virtual fetal pig dissection can be used as a viable alternative for an actual dissection for females enrolled in high school biology classes by comparing the knowledge acquisition and attitudinal change between the experimental (virtual dissection) and control (actual dissection) groups. Two hundred and twenty four students enrolled in biology classes in a suburban all-girl parochial high school participated in this study. Female students in an all-girl high school were chosen because research shows differences in science competency and computer usage between the genders that may mask the performance of females on computer-based tasks in a science laboratory exercise. Students who completed the virtual dissection scored significantly higher on practical test and objective tests that were used to measure knowledge acquisition. Attitudinal change was measured by examining the students' attitudes toward dissections, computer usage in the classroom, and toward biology both before and after the dissections using pre and post surveys. Significant results in positive gain scores were found in the virtual dissection group's attitude toward dissections, and their negative gain score toward virtual dissections. Attitudinal changes toward computers and biology were not significant. A purposefully selected sample of the students were interviewed, in addition to gathering a sample of the students' daily dissection journals, as data highlighting their thoughts and feelings about their dissection experience. Further research is suggested to determine if a virtual laboratory experience can be a substitute for actual dissections, or may serve as an enhancement to an actual dissection.
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Mizer, Linda Allen. "Maturation of the pulmonary architecture in the fetal dog and neonatal dog and pig : a qualitative and quantitative investigation /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740718827.
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Wang, Xiao Yang. "Approaches to induce islet allograft tolerance by liver allografting and to improve fetal pig islet function by gut hormones." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27740.
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This thesis examined (1) the effect of liver transplantation on tolerance induction to islet allografts; (2) the effects of gut hormones (CCK, GLP-1) on fetal pig islets.
Liver allografts in tolerant strain combinations are unique in their ability to induce tolerance to other organ and skin grafts from the same donor strain in the absence of immunosuppression. Whether liver transplantation has the same effect on islet allografts is unknown. Studies in this thesis demonstrate that the protective effect of liver transplantation on islet allografts varies with the time of liver grafting. Islet allografts in the PVG —> DA combination were rapidly rejected. Rejection was delayed, but not prevented, when islets were transplanted simultaneously with the liver. Liver transplantation protected subsequently transplanted islet allografts from rejection and reversed ongoing rejection in previously placed islet grafts, in both cases leading to the tolerance of the islet allografts. There was a progressive increase of cell infiltration from day 2 to day 7 in both rejecting and tolerant islet allografts. The intensity of infiltration did not relate to the outcome of grafts. Islet rejection was characterised by an early dominance of monocytes/macrophages and CD25+ T cells in the infiltrate, a high incidence of apoptotic B cells in grafts, and a sensitised status in the MLR. Tolerance of islet allografts was associated with increased numbers of dendritic cells in the graft infiltrates, upregulation of FasL and prominent apoptosis of alloreactive leukocytes in the spleen and islet grafts, as well as donor-specific suppression in long—term survivors. It is suggested that islet allograft tolerance induced by liver transplantation is the result of an active immune regulation process which involves the deletion of donor-specific alloreactive lymphocytes by apoptosis.
Transplantation of fetal pig pancreatic islets is capable of reversing diabetes in rodents, but several months are required to achieve this. During this time fetal [3 cells proliferate, differentiate and mature in their ability to secrete insulin when challenged with glucose. The study in Chapter 6 showed that CCK, GLP-l can induce the maturation and differentiation of fetal pig [5 cells during culture of fetal pig islet cell clusters (lCCs) in vitro. Two months after the ICCs were transplanted beneath kidney capsule of SCID mice, perfusion of the graft showed that ICCs previously exposed to CCK, GLP-1 for 4 days secreted insulin in response to glucose, whereas the control grafts remained glucose unresponsive. It is suggested that exposure of fetal pig lCCs to CCK, GLP-1 is likely to be advantageous in enhancing their ability to normalise blood levels when transplanted into diabetic recipients.
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Medeiros, Ju?ara Ramalho de. "Influ?ncia das ?guas da Bacia Hidrogr?fica Pirangi na balneabilidade das praias de Pirangi, nos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta e Parnamirim Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15960.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-19Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The Pirangi beach is located in the eastern coastline of Rio Grande do Norte state, in the municipality of Parnamirim and N?sia Floresta. In it flow into Pirangi Watershed (PW), whose water receives large amounts of pollutants, mainly domestic and industrial sewage from districts where pass the rivers that consist it, compromising, thus, the bathing water quality of the Pirangi beach. Bearing in mind the importance of water sanitary quality to ensure an environment that no present risk to the bathers s health, this work had as main objective to assess the influence of the PW s waters in the bathing water quality of the Pirangi beaches. To that end, were made collections of water in the beaches and in the rivers with the intention of quantify the fecal contamination indicators thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci, to then classify the conditions of bathing water quality according with the CONAMA Resolution number 274 of 2000. For the purposes greater knowledge about the health conditions of the Beaches Pirangi and about the influence the PW s waters exert on it, was done parallely to the study of the water quality, an investigation of the sand sanitary quality. Furthermore, it was made an evaluation of the PW s Water Quality through Water Quality Index (WQI). Starting from the results obtained in the research present was possible to verify, among other aspects, that the entry of the PW s waters in the Pirangi beaches exerts direct influence in the bathing water quality of the same ones, being the North Pirangi beach (point tracking PA-02) the most influenced. There was noticed also a significant reduction in the conditions of bathing water quality of the beaches in the rainy season. However, the precariousness do sewerage system of the Natal metropolitan region and the absence of a right system of treatment an final disposal of domestic sewage and industrial are the main factors responsi le for deterioration of the PW s Water Quality, and as a consequence, compromising the bathing water quality of the Pirangi beaches
A praia de Pirangi est? localizada no litoral oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, nos munic?pios de Parnamirim e N?sia Floresta. Nela des?gua a Bacia Hidrogr?fica Pirangi (BHP), cuja ?gua recebe grande quantidade de poluentes, principalmente esgotos dom?sticos e industriais dos munic?pios por onde passam os rios que a comp?em, comprometendo, dessa forma, a balneabilidade desta praia. Tendo em vista a import?ncia da qualidade sanit?ria da ?gua para se garantir um ambiente que n?o apresente riscos ? sa?de dos banhistas, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influ?ncia das ?guas da BHP na balneabilidade das praias de Pirangi. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas de ?gua nas praias e nos rios com o intuito de quantificar os indicadores de contamina??o fecal Enterococos e Coliformes termotolerantes, para ent?o classificar as condi??es de balneabilidade de acordo com a resolu??o CONAMA n? 274 de 2000. Para efeito de maior embasamento sobre as condi??es sanit?rias das Praias de Pirangi e sobre a influ?ncia que as ?guas da BPH exercem sobre elas, foi realizada, paralelamente ao estudo da qualidade das ?guas, uma investiga??o da qualidade sanit?ria das areias. Al?m disso, foi feita uma avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua da BHP atrav?s do ?ndice de Qualidade da ?gua (IQA). A partir dos resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa foi poss?vel constatar, dentre outros aspectos, que a entrada das ?guas da BHP nas praias de Pirangi exerce influ?ncia direta na balneabilidade das mesmas, sendo a praia de Pirangi do Norte (ponto de monitoramento PA-02) a mais influenciada. Observou-se, tamb?m, redu??o significativa nas condi??es de balneabilidade das praias na esta??o chuvosa. Contudo, a precariedade do esgotamento sanit?rio da regi?o metropolitana de Natal e a aus?ncia de um sistema adequado de tratamento e disposi??o final dos esgotos dom sticos e industriais s?o os principais fatores respons?veis pela degrada??o da qualidade da ?gua da BHP, e como conseq??ncia, pelo comprometimento da balneabilidade das praias de Pirangi
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Pisani, Sheilnin B. "The effects of arginine vasopressin and arginine vasotocin on the movement of water across the isolated amnion and skin of the fetal guinea-pig." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26027.
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Thirty-nine amniotic membranes from guinea-pig fetuses between 30 and 68 days of gestation (0.44 - 1.00 of term) were set up in vitro, in apparatus in which net water flow could be measured gravimetrically. Small hydrostatic and osmotic gradients were maintained from the fetal to the maternal side of the membrane; this reproduced in vivo conditions. In the absence of hormone, there was a net transfer of water from the fetal to the maternal side, in the majority of preparations. Addition of arginine vasopressin (AVP) at 100mU/ml (vasopressor activity) to the fetal surface slowed or reversed this flow. The response increased with fetal age, until about 58 days of gestation (0.85 of term). After this time, the effect declined, and was lost; membranes over 64 days (0.94 of term) showed only one weak response in 13 experiments.
Electron microscopy of 10 membranes between 28 and 70 days of gestation showed parallel changes in the structure of the amniotic epithelium. The epithelium changed from a relatively simple structure early in gestation, when the response to AVP was low, to one that appeared to be more complex and possibly more specialized in function by about 50 days (0.75 of term). There was an apparent degeneration of epithelial cells between 62 and 64 days, when the amnion ceased to respond to AVP. Electron microscopic studies on a membrane at 38 days revealed that AVP caused the intercellular spaces to dilate. Morphometric analysis showed that the dimensions of the spaces in the AVP treated epithelium were significantly greater than in a control preparation (p<0.001).
Studies on 76 guinea-pig fetuses showed that the volume of amniotic fluid increased during the course of gestation, reached a peak, and then declined. The peak coincided roughly with the time at which the amnion showed its maximal response to AVP, and with the time its structure appeared to be compatible with an active role in fluid transport. After approximately 56 - 58 days, both amniotic fluid volume and the response of the amnion to AVP declined. These results are consistent with a physiological role of AVP in supplying fluid to the amniotic sac in the first 80% of gestation. Unlike the situation in most species, the amniotic fluid volume increased again, and reached its maximum value just before delivery.
Skin from 35 mid-term fetal guinea-pigs (0.49 - 0.70 of term) was set up in the same gravimetric apparatus used in the amnion experiments. However, there were no gradients in hydrostatic or osmotic pressure. In the absence of hormones, there was little or no net transfer of water in either direction. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) added to the serosal surface at 5 - 100mU/ml (vasopressor activity) produced a net uptake of water towards the serosal side (towards the fetus). There was a linear relationship between the log.dose, and the rate of uptake of water, for both peptides. However, AVT was more than twice as potent as AVP (thresholds: AVT, 3.9mU/ml; AVP, 10.4mU/ml). The fine structure of the guinea-pig skin before keratinization appeared to be compatible with an active role in fluid transport. The outer periderm layer resembled the amniotic epithelium; it may be the site of action of neurohypophysial hormones.
It is concluded that the gestational changes in the structure and response to AVP of the amnion may be partially reponsible for changes in the volume of amniotic fluid during gestation. The fetal skin, like frog skin, responds to AVT more readily than to AVP. Perhaps it is on the fetal skin that fetal AVT finds its true physiological role.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Gomes, Cláudia. "Utilização de n-alcanos e álcoois de cadeia longa para estimar a ingestão e a digestibilidade em porcos alentejanos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18558.
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O número diminuto de estudos sobre a técnica dos n-alcanos para porcos Alentejanos motivou o interesse em realizar um ensaio que simulasse as ingestões reais dos animais em Montanheira, no sentido de se compreender melhor o comportamento alimentar destes animais em condições extensivas. Para validar a técnica dos n-alcanos com altos níveis de ingestão em porcos Alentejanos, realizou-se um ensaio in vivo, em caixas metabólicas, com nove machos castrados da raça suína Alentejana com peso médio de 97,64 kg. O delineamento do ensaio experimental foi efectuado segundo o quadrado latino e os suínos foram alimentados três vezes por dia com bolota e luzerna desidratada foi também fornecido a cada animal diariamente, dois bolinhos contendo alcanos sintéticos (C32 e C36). No período experimental foram realizadas colheitas de fezes, refugos e alimento, para se estimar pelo método in vivo a digestibilidade e a ingestão. Calcularam-se as taxas de recuperação fecal para os n-alcanos e para os álcoois de cadeia longa, com o intuito de se identificar aqueles que apresentaram valores mais elevados e semelhantes entre si. O alcano que mostrou apresentar uma taxa de recuperação mais elevada e semelhante aos alcanos sintéticos foi o C29. Em relação aos álcoois de cadeia longa o que mostrou a taxa de recuperação fecal mais alta foi o C280H. Os n-alcanos naturais que melhor forneceram uma estimativa da digestibilidade foram o C25 e o C27. Na estimativa da ingestão os pares de alcanos que mais se aproximaram do valor real foram o C 29: C32 e o C29:C36· ABSTRACT; The miniature number of studies of the n-alkanes for Alentejano pigs motivated the interest in carrying 1hrough an essay that it simulated the real intake of the animal in "Montanheira”, the direction of to better understand the alimentary behavior of these animals in extensive conditions. To validate the technique of the n-alkanes with high levels of intake in Alentejano pigs, an in vivo essay was become fulfilled, in metabolic cages, with nine castred males of Alentejana swine race with average weight of97,64 kg. The delineation of the experimental essay was effected according to latin square and the swines had been fed 1hree times per day with acorn and deshydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa). Also it was supplied to each animal daily, two cookies contend synthetic alkanes (C32 e C36). ln experimental period had been carried through harvests of faeces, rubbishes and foods, to estimate digestibility and intake. The fecal recoveries for the n-alkanes and the long chain alcohols had been calculated, with the intention to identifying those that had presented higher and similar values. The alkane that showed to present a tax of higher and similar fecal recovery to synthetic alkanes was the C29. The long chain alcohol that it showed the higher fecal recovery was the C28OH. The natural alkanes that had better supplied an estimate of digestibility had been the C25 and C27. ln the estimate of intake the pairs of alkanes that been more come close to the real value had been the pair C29:C32 and the C29:C36.
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Kanashiro, Claudia. "Análise da dinâmica da origem e destino das células trofoblásticas na interface materno-fetal do útero gestante do cobaio na elucidação da organização da placenta vitelina invertida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03042012-171821/.
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A implantação embrionária e a placentação em cobaios são caracterizadas pela presença trofoblastos que se destacam da placenta principal, semelhantes ao trofoblasto extra-viloso de humanos. Nestes animais ultrapassam os limites, e podem ser encontrados infiltrados no profundamente no endométrio e no em ambiente externo ultrapassando aos limites da parede uterina. A cobaia desenvolve uma importante estrutura fisiológica de troca materno-embrionária, denominada de placenta vitelina invertida, definidas como membrana fetal destituída parcial ou totalmente do revestimento trofoblástico que permite a exposição do endoderma extra-embrionário em contato direto com o tecido materno. Tais características denotam um mecanismo de controle da resposta imune materna distinta dos paradigmas estabelecidos na reprodução humana e de roedores, assim como ratos e camundongos. Sendo a mais intrigante, a destituição do trofoblasto como célula da interface-materno-fetal que controla a tolerância imune-materna.No presente trabalho, procurou-se estabelecer a organização da placenta vitelina de cobaios a partir da identificação das células que compõe esta membrana extra-embrionária e identificar em que momento ocorre à remoção das células trofoblásticas, e a subseqüente forma de interação das células da placenta vitelina na interface com o tecido materno. Para tanto foram utilizados cobaias fêmeas com idade gestacional conhecida, sacrificadas para coleta de segmentos uterinos nos períodos iniciais da gestação e destinados ao processamento histotógico de embebição em parafina. Na ausência de marcadores celulares específicos conhecidos para cobaios, foram realizados testes prospectivos com reações: citoquímicas de PAS e azul de toluidina (AT; um painel de lectinas biotinadas com afinidade específica para diferentes açúcares; e imunocitoquímica para citoqueratina. As reações realizadas com PAS e AT não identificaram populações celulares com marcação seletiva. Contudo dentre as lectinas tetadas, a Erytrina cristagali lectin (ECL) apresentou reação altamente seletiva para a população de trofoblasto mural (TM) que se origina do trofectoderma, mantendo esta reatividade ao longo da gestação. Esta marcação permitiu avaliar temporal e espacialmente o destino destas células que ao longo da gestação eram mantidas como monocamada de TM revestindo externamente a placenta vitelina e, portanto, não expondo as células do endoderma parietal ou visceral ao ecido materno. Pelo acompanhamento do desenvolvimento embrionário nos cortes seriados, foi constatada no interior do blastocisto a organização de duas massas celulares internas em pólos opostos desde a fase de pré-eclosão. Uma das massas celulares constituída de embrioblastos que dará origem aos os folhetos embrionários nas fases subseqüentes, enquanto a outra formada as células tronco trofoblásticas precursora do cone ectoplacentário (CE). A cavidade da blastocele que separa estas duas massas celulares tem a sua parede revestida pelo endoderma parietal em fase tardia, após a formação da cavidade amniótica. Estes achados demonstram a pecularidade da embriogênese no cobaio, diferente daquelas descritas para humanos e outros roedores, não permitem analogias diretas, o que pode ter contribuído para o equívoco na descrição clássica da organização e constituição da placenta vitelina invertida de constituição córion-amniótica. Isto é, o trofoblasto participa da organização da placenta vitelina inicial e permanece na membrana âmnion-córion-vitelina perfazendo todo o limite do embrião ao longo da gestação. Portanto a hipótese da placenta vitelina parcial ou totalmente invertida baseada na descrição clássica em cobaios é decorrente da interpretação equivocada da embriogênese destes animais.The guinea pig embryo implantation and placentation is characterized by trophoblast cells detaching from the main placenta in a similar way of human extra-villous trophobasts that deeply intrude inside the endometrium and sometimes also found outside the uterine wall. Furthermore, this animal also develops inverted yolk sac placenta defined as fetal membrane partially or fully devoided of trophoblast sheet that allows extra-embryonic endoderma direct exposition to the maternal environment. These characteristics denote a distinct control mechanism of maternal immune response from the established paradigm for human and rodents (rat and mouse) reproduction, being most intriguing the depriving of trophoblast as cells of maternal-fetal interface regulating the maternal immune tolerance. The present work aimed to establish the organization of guinea pig yolk sac based on identification of cell populations composing this membrane and identification if, or, when the trophoblast cells are removed from and subsequent interaction way of yolk sac cell in interface with maternal tissue. It was used pregnant guinea pig sacrificed on established gestational day to collect uterine fragments on early pregnancy stage and processed by conventional paraffin embedding. Due to absence of known specific cell markers for guinea pig, was performed the prospective evaluation using PAS and toluidine blue (TB) cytochemistry and a screening using a panel of biotinylated lectin specific for different sugars and, anti-cytokeratin. The PAS and TB staining did not identify any specific cell population, however, among the lectins used, Erytrina cristagali lectin (ECL) showed high selective labeling to the trophoblast cells originated from the trophectoderm that was kept through the gestational period. This reaction pattern was useful to evaluate chronologically and topologically the fate of this cell and confirmed the constancy of these cells layering the yolk sac placenta in contact with maternal tissue and therefore, endodermal cells were not exposed to maternal environment. Evaluation of embryo development step by step in the serial sections showed the presence of two inner cell mass in opposite sites inside the pre-hatched blastocyst. One of this, was formed with embryoblast that latter will originate the embryonic sheets and the other formed with trophoblast stem cells (ST) will originate the ectoplacental-cone. The wall of blastocele cavity separate these two inner cell mass was initially covered by a single ECL positive mural trophoblast and only later after the amniotic cavity is formed the extraembyonic endodermal cells migrate from the embryonic sheets to cover internally the blastocele cavity to organize the yolk sac placenta. These findings show the peculiarity of guinea pig embryogenesis, quite different from those described for human and rodents and therefore, does not allow direct analogy and seems to contribute in the misunderstanding of classic description of inverted yolk sac placenta and its cellular organization. It means, the trophoblast cell participates in the early organization of yolk sac placenta and remains in chorioamniotic yolk sac fetal membrane constantly limiting the embryo surface in contact with maternal environment. Therefore, the hypothesis of complete or partially inverted yolk sac placenta seems to be a miss understanding of guinea pig embryogenesis.
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Chiu, Joanne Wing-Yan. "Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA, receptor 2C subunit and on MK-801 binding sites in the cerebral cortex of the near-term fetal guinea pig." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22289.pdf.
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Baber, Daniel W. "Ecology of feral pigs on Santa Catalina Island /." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15738.
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