Journal articles: 'Feral animals'

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Bishop, Greg T., and Emilio DeBess. "Feline parasites and the emergence of feline lungworm in the Portland metropolitan area, Oregon, USA 2016–2017." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 7, no. 2 (July 2021): 205511692110535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551169211053595.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of internal parasites in feral and free-roaming owned cats in the region of Portland, Oregon, USA. Methods Fecal samples from asymptomatic cats were opportunistically collected from feral cats presented for surgical sterilization (n = 46), as well as free-roaming owned cats (n = 86) presented to primary care clinics. Fecal analysis was performed using the Baermann technique, centrifugal flotation, fluorescent auramine and fluorescent antibody for Giardia species. Results Lungworm infection was identified in 24.2% of owned cats and 17.2% of feral cats. At least 11 unique parasite species were identified in this study. Taenia species and Toxocara cati were identified in higher proportions in feral cats, whereas Giardia species were significantly higher in owned cats. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of lungworm was higher than has been previously documented in other areas of the USA. In addition, feral cats were infected with a higher percentage of Toxocara species and Taenia but a significantly lower percentage of Giardia species.

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Algar, D., and R. I. Brazell. "A bait-suspension device for the control of feral cats." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07167.

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The use of poison baits is an effective method for controlling feral cats. However, take of baits by non-target animals may place those animals at risk of poisoning and also reduces the availability of baits to the target animal, feral cats. Therefore, techniques that reduce non-target take of baits are desirable. Earlier trials have suggested that suspending baits might prevent most non-target animals from removing the baits while maintaining their attractiveness and availability to feral cats. This paper assesses the efficacy of a bait-suspension device to provide a relatively simple means of controlling feral cats (across age and sex classes). In addition, it confirms the high target specificity of the bait-delivery mechanism on Australia’s Christmas Island, where non-target species would have posed a problem with baits laid on the ground. The technique may have potential application on other islands where similar non-target species are threatened by baiting programs or at specific sites on the mainland where aerial or on-track deployment of feral cat baits may pose an unacceptable risk to non-target species.

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TAKAHASHI, Shunjo, and Clement A. TISDELL. "The Feral and Near Feral Animals of Iriomote Island." Geographical review of Japan, Series B. 65, no. 1 (1992): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj1984b.65.66.

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Rudge, M. R. "A ROLE FOR FERAL MAMMALS IN CONSERVING THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LIVESTOCK." Animal Genetic Resources Information 5 (April 1986): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900004016.

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SUMMARYThe rationale for conserving breeds of livestock may be extended to free-living populations which are descended from domestic stock (= feral). An important management difference is that feral animals are not maintained as fixed breeds, but are free to vary and adapt. Many feral populations are pests, and threaten the status of native flora and fauna. This means that they continue to diminish as a result of control operations. Nevertheless, some populations and herds of goats, cattle, horses, sheep and pigs have now been protected. Positive values of commercial and scientific Interest are emerging as animals of feral extraction are studied. Further work is needed to assess the contribution that feral animals can make to the cause of conserving genetic diversity in the world's livestock.

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Hoque, Md Monirul, Folasade Adekanmbi, Subarna Barua, Kh Shamsur Rahman, Virginia Aida, Brian Anderson, Anil Poudel, et al. "Peptide ELISA and FRET-qPCR Identified a Significantly Higher Prevalence of Chlamydia suis in Domestic Pigs Than in Feral Swine from the State of Alabama, USA." Pathogens 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010011.

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Chlamydia suis is an important, highly prevalent, and diverse obligate intracellular pathogen infecting pigs. In order to investigate the prevalence and diversity of C. suis in the U.S., 276 whole blood samples from feral swine were collected as well as 109 fecal swabs and 60 whole blood samples from domestic pigs. C. suis-specific peptide ELISA identified anti-C. suis antibodies in 13.0% of the blood of feral swine (26/276) and 80.0% of the domestic pigs (48/60). FRET-qPCR and DNA sequencing found C. suis DNA in 99.1% of the fecal swabs (108/109) and 21.7% of the whole blood (13/60) of the domestic pigs, but not in any of the assayed blood samples (0/267) in feral swine. Phylogenetic comparison of partial C. suis ompA gene sequences and C. suis-specific multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) revealed significant genetic diversity of the C. suis identified in this study. Highly genetically diverse C. suis strains are prevalent in domestic pigs in the USA. As crowding strongly enhances the frequency and intensity of highly prevalent Chlamydia infections in animals, less population density in feral swine than in domestic pigs may explain the significantly lower C. suis prevalence in feral swine. A future study is warranted to obtain C. suis DNA from feral swine to perform genetic diversity of C. suis between commercial and feral pigs.

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Gering, Eben, Darren Incorvaia, Rie Henriksen, Dominic Wright, and Thomas Getty. "Maladaptation in feral and domesticated animals." Evolutionary Applications 12, no. 7 (March 18, 2019): 1274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12784.

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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eduardo J., Jesús Gil-Morión, and Juan J. Negro. "Feral Animal Populations: Separating Threats from Opportunities." Land 11, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081370.

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Feral animals are those that live in the wild but are descendants of domesticated populations. Although, in many cases, these feral populations imply a demonstrable risk to the ecosystems in which they live and may conflict with local wild species and human activities, there are feral populations that are considered worth preserving and, in some cases, they already enjoy protection by interest groups and even public authorities. In this review, we aim to identify valuable populations using three criteria: (a) Genetic conservation value (for instance, if the wild ancestor is extinct), (b) the niche occupancy criterion and, finally, (c) a cultural criterion. We propose a detailed analysis of feral populations under scrutiny, supporting control measures when necessary, but also allowing for international protection at the same level as wild animals for feral taxa of special concern. Feral taxa, which are already in the focus of conservation efforts, and should be awarded extended recognition and protection, mainly include ancient lineages with relevant genetic or cultural importance.

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Singer, Peter. "Neither human nor natural: ethics and feral animals." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96060.

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There are three major ethical approaches to issues affecting nonhuman animals and the natural environment: an anthropocentric ethic, an ethic of concern for all sentient beings, and a biocentric approach. The ethic of concern for all sentient beings is the most defensible basis for resolving conflicts between the interests of humans and wild animals. There is no ethical basis for discounting the suffering of an animal simply because that being is a member of a different species. On the other hand, it is certainly true that human and nonhuman animals differ in their capacities, and this does make a difference to the ethics of what we may do to them, including rendering them infertile. Since ethics is not a matter of adhering to absolute rules, but rather of doing what will have best consequences, given the constraints under which we act, the ethics of using a specific method of fertility control for feral animals will depend on what other methods are being used, or will be used, if the given method is not available. It will also depend on the consequences of not using any method of controlling the population of the animals.

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Carrick, P., D. Thomson, and G. Calley. "The use of radio transmitters for tracking and shooting feral buffalo." Rangeland Journal 12, no. 2 (1990): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9900084.

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An exercise is described in which transmitters were attached to feral buffalo females and these 'judas cows' were then used to lead a shooter to other animals with which they sought company. The technique, the problems and the benefits are described. The efficiency and thoroughness with which feral buffalo can be shot in difficult country is greatly increased by the use of radio tracking. The use of the technique with other feral animals in northern Australia or in extensive buffalo or cattle husbandry is discussed.

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Lima, Débora Costa Viegas de, Fernando Jorge Rodrigues Magalhães, Muller Ribeiro Andrade, José Givanildo da Silva, Eduardo Guelfer Ferrer de Morais, Carlos Diógenes Ferreira de Lima Filho, Wagner José Nascimento Porto, and Rinaldo Aparecido Mota. "Anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in feral cats on the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0074.

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Abstract Neospora caninum is a protozoan responsible for abortions, stillbirths (mainly among cattle) and neuromuscular diseases in dogs. Its importance in wild species and its impact on the environmental preservation of different ecosystems have been little described. This study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in feral cats on the island of Fernando de Noronha and contribute epidemiological data on this disease in these animals and its impact on the environmental preservation of the island. Serum samples from 257 feral cats on the island were analyzed through the Neospora agglutination test (NAT) to search for anti-Neospora caninum antibodies. Among the 257 serum samples analyzed, 8 (3.11%) were positive in the NAT. The antibody titers were 20 in seven animals (87.5%) and 40 in one animal (12.5%). These results demonstrate that feral cats are exposed to infection by N. caninum on the island of Fernando de Noronha, at a low frequency. Greater knowledge on this infection in this animal species in this insular environment is important for elucidating its impact on the conservation of species and the maintenance of this parasite on the island.

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PEDERSEN, K., K. L. PABILONIA, T. D. ANDERSON, S. N. BEVINS, C. R. HICKS, J. M. KLOFT, and T. J. DELIBERTO. "Widespread detection of antibodies to Leptospira in feral swine in the United States." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 10 (December 18, 2014): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003148.

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SUMMARYAs feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, their propensity to transmit and carry a wide variety of pathogens is disconcerting. We examined sera from 2055 feral swine for antibody presence to six serovars of Leptospira that can also infect humans, livestock or domestic animals. About 13% of all samples tested positive for at least one serovar, suggesting that Leptospira infection is common in feral swine. Further studies to identify the proportion of actively infected animals are needed to more fully understand the risk they pose.

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Rodriguez, Felipe, Brenda S. Luna, Olivia Calderon, Claudia Manriquez-Roman, Karsten Amezcua-Winter, Jonathan Cedillo, Rebeca Garcia-Vazquez, et al. "Surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatomine vectors, feral dogs and cats, and wild animals in and around El Paso county, Texas, and New Mexico." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): e0009147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009147.

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The causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by triatomine vectors. The insect is endemic in the Americas, including the United States, where epidemiological studies are limited, particularly in the Southwestern region. Here, we have determined the prevalence of T. cruzi in triatomines, feral cats and dogs, and wild animals, the infecting parasite genotypes and the mammalian host bloodmeal sources of the triatomines at four different geographical sites in the U.S.-Mexico border, including El Paso County, Texas, and nearby cities in New Mexico. Using qualitative polymerase chain reaction to detect T. cruzi infections, we found 66.4% (n = 225) of triatomines, 45.3% (n = 95) of feral dogs, 39.2% (n = 24) of feral cats, and 71.4% (n = 7) of wild animals positive for T. cruzi. Over 95% of T. cruzi genotypes or discrete typing units (DTUs) identified were TcI and some TcIV. Furthermore, Triatoma rubida was the triatomine species most frequently (98.2%) collected in all samples analyzed. These findings suggest a high prevalence of T. cruzi infections among triatomines, and feral and wild animals in the studied sites. Therefore, our results underscore the urgent need for implementation of a systematic epidemiological surveillance program for T. cruzi infections in insect vectors, and feral and wild animals, and Chagas disease in the human population in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Peterson, Anna. "Problem Animals." Environmental Ethics 41, no. 2 (2019): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201941213.

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Nonhuman animals play various roles in environmental ethics, often as charismatic symbols of wilderness or active participants in the natural dramas we seek to preserve. Sometimes, however, nonhuman animals do not fit into—and may even threaten—the “nature” that we value. There are two especially problematic animals: white-tailed deer and feral cats. Together, these creatures shine light on a number of important issues in environmental ethics, including the tensions between animal welfare and environmentalism, the ways human interests and categories pervade even ecocentric perspectives, and the complex place of science in environmental ethics and advocacy. Thinking through the issues raised by debates about deer and cats can contribute to a more adequate treatment of nonhuman animals in environmental thought and advocacy.

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RYAN, UNA, and MICHELLE POWER. "Cryptosporidiumspecies in Australian wildlife and domestic animals." Parasitology 139, no. 13 (August 20, 2012): 1673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001151.

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis an important enteric parasite that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, water and food. Humans, wildlife and domestic livestock all potentially contributeCryptosporidiumto surface waters. Most species ofCryptosporidiumare morphologically indistinguishable and can only be identified using molecular tools. Over 24 species have been identified and of these, 7Cryptosporidiumspecies/genotypes are responsible for most human cryptosporidiosis cases. In Australia, relatively few genotyping studies have been conducted. SixCryptosporidiumspecies (C. hominis,C. parvum,C. meleagridis,C. fayeri,C. andersoniandC. bovis)have been identified in humans in Australia. However, little is known about the contribution of animal hosts to human pathogenic strains ofCryptosporidiumin drinking water catchments. In this review, we focus on the available genotyping data for native, feral and domestic animals inhabiting drinking water catchments in Australia to provide an improved understanding of the public health implications and to identify key research gaps.

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Woolnough, Andrew P., Glenn Edwards, and Quentin Hart. "Feral camels: a nationally significant pest animal requiring a national management approach." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 2 (2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15098.

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Managing established pest animals is difficult. The complexity increases significantly when the pest animal is found across the remote arid interior of a continent (Australia), the impacts (both positive and negative) are unclear, and there is a diverse array of affected stakeholders. This paper describes how the generation of primary scientific evidence was critical for the development of a national policy approach (the National Feral Camel Action Plan). The combination of evidence and policy led to the development and implementation of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project. This project offered the opportunity to implement a wide range of management interventions across the affected jurisdictions. The strengths of the Australian Feral Camel Management Project included having high-level support, participation by all affected stakeholders in partnerships, strong governance and a clear project management approach, underpinned by clear policy and scientific evidence. We believe that the evidence-based policy approach used in this project can be used as a template for the management of other established pest animals that are considered to be in need of requiring national coordination.

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Lapidge, SJ, and S. Henshall. "Diet Of Foxes And Cats, With Evidence Of Predation On Yellow-Footed Rock-Wallabies (Petrogale Xanthopus Celeris) By Foxes In Southwsetern Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 1 (2001): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01047.

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INTRODUCED red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) were shot on Lambert, Acton and Caranna Pastoral Stations in southwestern Queensland (25�20'S; 145�24'E) (Fig. 1) as part of a feral animal control program undertaken before and during the experimental reintroduction of yellowfooted rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus celeris) to Lambert Station. Animals were encountered during regular fieldtrip spotlight surveys or as part of a macropod harvesting program. Sixty-eight V. vulpes (20?, 10?, 38 sex unknown) and 32 F. catus (10?, 12?, 10 sex unknown) were shot between February 1998 and October 2000; stomach content analysis was carried out on 27 V. vulpes (18?, 9?) and 23 F. catus (11?, 12?). Animals not sexed or examined were shot in the absence of the first author.

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Poudel, Anil, Md Monirul Hoque, Steven Madere, Sara Bolds, Stuart Price, Subarna Barua, Folasade Adekanmbi, et al. "Molecular and Serological Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) and their Habitats in Alabama, USA." Pathogens 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100857.

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in humans and a variety of wild and domestic animal species. In order to understand the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira spp. in feral pig populations of Alabama, we trapped 315 feral pigs in Bullock County east-central Alabama, and collected 97 environmental samples from riparian areas in Bullock County and Macon County east-central Alabama. Two previously published PCRs followed by DNA sequencing and BLASTn were performed to identify pathogenic Leptospira species in the kidney of feral pigs (3.2%, 10/315) as well as environmental samples collected from the habitats of feral pigs (2.1%, 2/97), but not in the whole blood samples (n = 276) or spleen (n = 51). An ELISA determined that 44.2% of serum samples (122/276) were antibody-positive for Leptospira. The identification of two pathogenic Leptospira species from environmental samples and the high sero-positivity in feral pigs suggests potential pathogen shedding from feral pigs to environments, and to humans and domestic animals. In order to better understand the risk to human health associated with feral swine presence, further studies are warranted to explore the interrelationship between Leptospira spp. shedding in the urine of feral pigs and bacterial culture to explore pathogenicity. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) and microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) should be performed in future studies to make a definite determination of pathogenic Leptospira in feral pigs in Alabama.

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J. Worthington, David, Ann P. Marshall, Gary J. Wiles, and Curt C. Kessler. "Abundance and management of Mariana Fruit Bats and feral ungulates on Anatahan, Mariana Islands." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 2 (2001): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010134.

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A survey of Mariana Fruit Bats Pteropus mariannus and feral ungulates was conducted on Anatahan, Mariana Islands, in July 1995. We estimated that a population of 1 902-2 136 bats persists on the island, based on a combination of direct colony counts, departure counts, and station counts of non-colonial animals. Our data suggest that bat numbers have declined since the last surveys were made in 1983 and 1984. We located seven colonies, which held approximately 85-92% of the total population. Most colonies and foraging animals were associated with native forest or isolated native trees in other habitats. Bats fed on five species of plants, with the fruit of Pandanus tectorius eaten most frequently. Anatahan supports a very large Feral Goat Capra hircus population estimated at roughly 5 000-6 000 animals. Feral Pigs Sus scrofa are less common. Both species cause severe damage to plant communities of the island. We recommend that a legal hunting programme for fruit bats be deferred until 1) population censuses on neighbouring islands are completed and it is determined that bat populations can sustain harvesting, 2) habitat degradation is reversed through the control of feral animals, and 3) illegal hunting is curtailed.

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Vaarzon-Morel, P. "Changes in Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels and of their impacts and management." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 1 (2010): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09055.

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This paper reports on a survey of Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels undertaken with Aboriginal people from 27 Aboriginal communities within the current feral camel range in central Australia. Research methods were qualitative, involving face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Views were sought on feral camel presence and impacts and people’s attitudes towards feral camel management. In just over two-thirds of the communities surveyed, interviewees reported seeing camels. Many interviewees in high camel density areas claimed that camels damage natural and cultural resources (such as water places and bush tucker) and affect their customary use of country. Roughly a third of interviewees also claimed that feral camels deprive native species of water. Damage to infrastructure and homelands was also reported, and concern was expressed over the danger that camels posed both on and off the roads. At the same time, camels are said to have positive benefits and most interviewees view them as a potential resource. Yet despite a widely held view among interviewees that camels need to be controlled, the majority were only prepared to consider limited management options. What is significant, however, is that Aboriginal views on feral camels today are not homogenous: there is a diversity of perspectives emerging in response to transformations being brought about by feral camels on Aboriginal land. The findings are discussed in the context of earlier studies on Aboriginal perceptions of feral animals in central Australia, which concluded that feral animals were thought not to be a significant land management problem but to ‘belong to country’. The implications of changing Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels are discussed for the development of a collaborative feral camel management strategy.

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Carter, E. "Animal Welfare (Leg-hold Traps) Order 2007 in New Zealand." Animal Welfare 17, no. 2 (May 2008): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600027731.

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Leg-hold traps are metal devices with sprung jaws designed to catch and hold an animal by a limb when triggered. They can be used legally in New Zealand to trap possums, ferrets, stoats and feral cats. The humaneness of leg-hold traps has been questioned, however, with regard to the degree of injury and distress caused to trapped animals, the possibility of trapped animals escaping in an injured state and the suffering that may be experienced by animals whilst held in traps. There are also concerns that non-target, domestic or endangered animals may be caught and injured.

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Keeling, Diane M. "Feral Rhetoric: Common Sense Animals and Metaphorical Beasts." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 47, no. 3 (May 12, 2017): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773945.2017.1309905.

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Bonacic, Cristián, Rocío Almuna, and J. Tomás Ibarra. "Biodiversity Conservation Requires Management of Feral Domestic Animals." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34, no. 8 (August 2019): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.002.

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Nechybová, S., I. Langrová, and E. Tůmová. "Parasites of Myocastor coypus – a Comparison in Farm Animals and Their Feral Counterparts." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0004.

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Abstract The parasitic status in the coypus (nutrias) Myocastor coypus, both farm-bred or free-living on river banks in the Czech Republic, was determined. Faecal samples were collected from 200 coypus originating from 11 farms (farm-bred animals) and from 20 individuals living at 14 natural localities (feral animals). Faeces were examined for nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts using the McMaster method. The evaluation of faeces from farm-bred coypus indicated infection with the following parasites: Trichuris sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Eimeria seidelli, Eimeria nutriae, Eimeria coypi, and Eimeria myopotami. Free-living feral rodents harboured Eimeria nutriae, E. coypi, Strongyloides sp. and in one case also Trichuris sp. An additional visceral examination of 20 coypus originating from five farms revealed two nematode species in the gastrointestinal tracts, namely Trichuris myocastoris and Strongyloides myopotami. The study indicated that feral coypus are far less parasitized than their captive counterparts.

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Kirkpatrick, J. F., S. E. Shldeler, B. L. Lasley, and J. W. Turner. "Pregnancy determination in uncaptured feral horses by means of fecal steroid conjugates." Theriogenology 35, no. 4 (April 1991): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(91)90416-b.

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Jerolmack, Colin. "Animal archeology: Domestic pigeons and the nature-culture dialectic." Qualitative Sociology Review 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2007): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.3.1.06.

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This paper historically traces the purposive domestication of pigeons in order to examine the dialectical relationship between nature and culture. It is demonstrated that each instance of the domestication of the pigeon for a new function (i.e., food, messenger) also entailed the construction of a role of the bird in human society, replete with symbolic representations and moral valuations. Yet it is also argued that, though animals are repositories for social meaning, and culture is literally inscribed into the physical structure of domesticated animals, such meanings are patterned and constrained according to the biological features of the animal itself. The ubiquitous and unwanted “street pigeon” now found around the globe is the descendent of escaped domestic pigeons, occupying the unique and ambiguous category of “feral”- neither truly wild nor domestic. Ironically, the very traits that were once so desirous and that were naturally selected for are now what make the feral pigeon so hard to get rid of and so loathsome.

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Patay-Horváth, András. "Greek Geometric Animal Figurines and the Origins of the Ancient Olympic Games." Arts 9, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010020.

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According to the prevailing scholarly opinion, Geometric bronze animal figurines found at Olympia represent cattle and horses which were put under the protection of the divinity in this form. This view is challenged here for various reasons including literary testimony and comparisons with contemporary shrines containing similar dedications (especially Kato Syme on Crete). This paper argues that the bovines depicted were feral, and the figurines were offered by foreign aristocrats visiting the sanctuary especially for the sake of hunting these animals. Similarly, the horse figurines are interpreted as depicting feral equines, which were presumably captured and taken away by the visitors. After examining the cultic regulations related to the Olympic Games (timing, crowns, exclusion of married women and the penteteric periodicity), it is suggested that excessive hunting led to the extinction of some game animals and thus to a radical shift in the cult practice and ultimately resulted in the introduction of athletic events, i.e., in the Olympic Games.

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Lima, Victor Fernando Santana, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Raphael Lepold, João Carlos Gomes Borges, Carlos Diógenes Ferreira, Laura Rinaldi, Giuseppe Cringoli, and Leucio Câmara Alves. "Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 4 (November 9, 2017): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017066.

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Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.

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Patterson, Laura, Jaber Belkhiria, Beatriz Martínez-López, and Alda F. A. Pires. "Identification of high-risk contact areas between feral pigs and outdoor-raised pig operations in California: Implications for disease transmission in the wildlife-livestock interface." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 28, 2022): e0270500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270500.

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The US is currently experiencing a return to raising domestic pigs outdoors, due to consumer demand for sustainably-raised animal products. A challenge in raising pigs outdoors is the possibility of these animals interacting with feral pigs and an associated risk of pathogen transmission. California has one of the largest and widest geographic distributions of feral pigs. Locations at greatest risk for increased contact between both swine populations are those regions that contain feral pig suitable habitat located near outdoor-raised domestic pigs. The main aim of this study entailed identifying potential high-risk areas of disease transmission between these two swine populations. Aims were achieved by predicting suitable feral pig habitat using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt); mapping the spatial distribution of outdoor-raised pig operations (OPO); and identifying high-risk regions where there is overlap between feral pig suitable habitat and OPO. A MaxEnt prediction map with estimates of the relative probability of suitable feral pig habitat was built, using hunting tags as presence-only points. Predictor layers were included in variable selection steps for model building. Five variables were identified as important in predicting suitable feral pig habitat in the final model, including the annual maximum green vegetation fraction, elevation, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, precipitation of the wettest month and the coefficient of variation for seasonal precipitation. For the risk map, the final MaxEnt model was overlapped with the location of OPOs to categorize areas at greatest risk for contact between feral swine and domestic pigs raised outdoors and subsequent potential disease transmission. Since raising pigs outdoors is a remerging trend, feral pig numbers are increasing nationwide, and both groups are reservoirs for various pathogens, the contact between these two swine populations has important implications for disease transmission in the wildlife-livestock interface.

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Edwards, Glenn P., Keith Saalfeld, and Bretan Clifford. "Population trend of feral camels in the Northern Territory, Australia." Wildlife Research 31, no. 5 (2004): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03073.

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We conducted a broad-scale aerial survey between 20 August and 12 October 2001 to ascertain the distribution and abundance of feral camels in the southern part of the Northern Territory. There was a minimum of 80 533 feral camels in the Northern Territory at the time of the survey. This figure is corrected for perception bias (a result of observers missing animals that are potentially visible), but not for availability bias (a result of some animals being concealed from the observers). The population of feral camels in the Northern Territory increased at a mean annual exponential rate, r, of 0.093 between 1993 and 2001. This represents an increase of ~10% per year or an approximate doubling in population size every 8 years. This trend is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. We use the results of an earlier survey (which included the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia) to give a minimum figure of 300 000 feral camels for Australia in 2001. We discuss what is known of the impacts of feral camels in Australia, the inadequacy of current management practices and issues to be considered in designing an effective long-term management strategy for the species.

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Zabek, Magdalena A., John Wright, David M. Berman, Jordan O. Hampton, and Christina W. Collins. "Assessing the efficacy of medetomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam for remote immobilisation of feral horses (Equus caballus)." Wildlife Research 41, no. 7 (2014): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14108.

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Context The study of any wild animal’s home range requires the collection of spatiotemporal data, obtained independently of climatic conditions or time of day. This can be achieved by the attachment of global positioning system (GPS) data loggers, which, in large species, is best achieved by remote immobilisation. Feral horses (Equus caballus) usually occupy remote areas of Australia; however, a considerable population increase has been observed in a close proximity to metropolitan areas of the Australian east coast, creating increasing conflict with human interests. Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of remote chemical immobilisation of feral horses with medetomidine combined with tiletamine–zolazepam to facilitate placement of satellite GPS collars. Methods Nine feral horses were darted from the ground with 60 mg (i.m.) medetomidine and 1500 mg (i.m.) tiletamine–zolazepam. The effects of medetomidine were reversed with 50–100 mg (i.m. or i.v.) atipamezole 30–40 min after induction (IV/IM). Physiological variables monitored during anaesthesia were heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and oxygen haemoglobin saturation (Spo2). Key results All horses were successfully immobilised with between one and three darts (n = 9). The mean (± s.e.m.) dose of medetomidine was 0.15 ± 0.01 mg kg–1, whereas that of tiletamine–zolazepam was 3.61 ± 0.16 mg kg–1. Mean time from darting to lateral recumbency was 13.3 ± 2.7 min and mean recumbency time was 54 ± 13 min. Vital signs for all anaesthetised animals remained within the normal range during anaesthesia, with the exception of one animal exhibiting a transient drop in Spo2. There were no deaths. Key conclusions The combination of medetomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam provided adequate anaesthesia in feral horses in the field for application of GPS collars. Implications Although a limited number of horses was immobilised, the present study shows that the combination of medetomidine and tiletamine–zolazepam provides effective short-term anaesthesia for feral horses, affording a practical and field-accessible capture technique. This method could also be applied to other management actions requiring the safe and humane capture of feral horses.

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Sinclair, K., A. L. Curtis, T. Atkinson, and R. B. Hacker. "Public attitudes to animal welfare and landholder resource limitations: implications for total grazing pressure management in the southern rangelands of Australia." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 6 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19046.

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Sustainable grazing in the nationally iconic southern rangelands of Australia requires landholders to actively manage the grazing pressure from both domestic livestock and non-domestic herbivores. Landholders have primary responsibility for controlling the non-domestic herbivores. In doing so, they must meet the Australian public’s expectations for resource conservation (mainly a public good) and animal welfare. Governments are also involved in the management of non-domestic herbivores via native and feral animal legislation and control programs. The Australian public will not accept cruelty to animals, perceived or otherwise. In this paper we explore the challenges faced by landholders in their attempts to manage the grazing pressure from native herbivores, particularly kangaroos, feral goats and feral pigs, while meeting the Australian public’s expectations for animal welfare. Landholders typically live on extensive properties and their capacity to manage these is influenced by high climate variability, low labour availability, commodity price fluctuations and limited capital available for investment in new technologies. The additional requirement to reduce the grazing pressure from kangaroos, feral goats and feral pigs is a significant burden on already time-poor landholders. Hence, there is a critical disparity between landholders’ capacity and their responsibility to effectively manage the non-domestic herbivores on their properties. We suggest that current expectations of landholders to deliver public benefits by publicly acceptable practices are unreasonable. Further, we suggest that governments should accept more responsibility for managing non-domestic grazing pressure. The concept of duty of care to land management provides a means by which a more appropriate division of responsibilities between landholders and government could be achieved to ensure that valued attributes of this iconic Australian landscape are retained.

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Berger, Joel. "Funding Asymmetries for Endangered Species, Feral Animals, and Livestock." BioScience 41, no. 2 (February 1991): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311563.

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Farouk, MustafaM, Phillip Strydom, Rachael Dean, Nadia Vather, Mike Gcabo, and Mohammad Amir. "Industrial Halal hunted-game and feral animals' meat production." Meat Science 181 (November 2021): 108602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108602.

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TAKAHASHI, Shunjo. "A Cultural Geographical Study of Feral Animals in Australia." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 48, no. 4 (1996): 364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.48.364.

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Benson, Etienne S. "Feral Animals in the American South: An Evolutionary History." Journal of American History 104, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax325.

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Arenas, Pablo, Guillermo Gil-Alarcón, Sokani Sánchez-Montes, Mariana Paola Soto-Trujillo, Edith Fernández-Figueroa, and Claudia Rangel-Escareño. "Molecular detection of Bartonella, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma in feral dogs of El Pedregal de San Angel Ecological Reserve in Mexico City." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 4 (December 2019): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019085.

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Abstract Free-ranging and feral dogs represent a group of unattended companion animals. They impact wild animal populations by predating native species, displacing predators and introducing exotic pathogens. The aim of this work was to describe the molecular occurrence of Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Mycoplasma and Bartonella in feral dogs. The study was carried out in the last relict of a protected area in Mexico City. Blood clots samples from 19 dogs were obtained and analyzed for detection of specific fragments of the 16S-rRNA gene for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Mycoplasma and citrate synthase (gltA) for Bartonella and Rickettsia. Our results showed that DNA from three bacteria species (Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis and Mycoplasma haemocanis) was present with frequencies ranging from 5.3 to 15.8%. This is the first record of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and M. haemocanis in dogs from México, and also the first finding of Ehrlichia canis in Mexico City. It is important to perform surveillance of feral dog populations in order to identify the impact of these pathogens on wild animal populations and Public Health in order to establish prevention and protection programs.

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Rutherford, Stephanie. "The Anthropocene’s animal? Coywolves as feral cotravelers." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, no. 1-2 (March 2018): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618763250.

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This article considers the irreducible indeterminacy of the coywolf and how this shapes human perceptions of the animal, as well as attempts to manage it. The hybridity of the coywolf matters very much to its interactions with humans, as well as the panic that has ensued over its evolutionary success. They are genetic and morphological intermediaries, an admixture of western coyote, eastern wolf, and dog. They hunt in packs like wolves but demonstrate a fearlessness to humans more common of coyotes. They thrive in urban or semiurban environs, moving along our highway, transit, and green space systems in search of food and shelter. I suggest it is the putative ferality of the coywolf—its margin—dwelling between urban and wild, between wolf and coyote—that disrupts our prevailing narratives about how, and on whose terms, animals can occupy the world. But it is also an animal that offers an opening to think about mutual flourishing. I contend this is a fruitful place to start tackling the questions raised by the Anthropocene, and reimagining all creatures as cotravelers.

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Paltridge, Rachel, David Gibson, and Glenn Edwards. "Diet of the Feral Cat (Felis catus) in Central Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 1 (1997): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96023.

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Feral cats (Felis catus) occur throughout central Australia. In this study, we analysed the stomach contents of 390 feral cats collected between 1990 and 1994 from the southern half of the Northern Territory. Cats fed on a wide variety of invertebrates, reptiles, birds and mammals, including animals up to their own body mass in size. Mammals were the most important prey but reptiles were regularly eaten in summer and birds were important in winter. Invertebrates were present in the diet in all seasons. Carrion appeared in stomach samples during dry winters only and this has implications for future control of feral cats.

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Panicz, Remigiusz, Piotr Eljasik, Jakub Skorupski, Przemysław Śmietana, Róbert A. Stefánsson, Menja von Schmalensee, and Magdalena Szenejko. "Assessment of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) prevalence in feral American mink in Iceland. Case study of a pending epizootiological concern in Europe." PeerJ 9 (September 17, 2021): e12060. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12060.

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Background Recurring escapes or deliberate releases and subsequent infiltration or establishment of feral populations by individuals from fur farms have been commonly noted since the beginning of fur industry expansion. Once animals have invaded ecosystems adjacent to source farms escapees can change the demography of the feral populations through hybridization, outbreeding depression, competition and spreading of various pathogens which can decimate wild populations. In our study, we aimed to assess spread of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in the feral population of American mink (Neovison vison) in Iceland. The additional objective was to elucidate whether basic morpho-anatomical parameters (i.e., Fulton’s condition factor or spleen to body weight ratio) might be used as a preliminary indicator of AMDV infection. Methods American mink (n = 164) were captured by professional hunters in 8 regions of Iceland. The detection of AMDV in the spleen of male and female individuals was based on PCR amplification of an NS1 gene fragment. Results We confirmed AMDV presence in 23.8% (n = 39) of collected samples with no significant difference in infection rate between males and females. Additionally, we revealed that the prevalence of virus in the feral population was higher closer to fur farms. However, the countrywide prevalence and direction of AMDV distribution needs to be further investigated. Comparison of condition indices in non-infected and infected animals showed significant deterioration of body and spleen parameters in the latter group. Therefore, the application of basic measurements of the American mink may be used to evaluate the health status of individuals in terms of pathogen infection. Conclusions The study shed a new light on prevalence and distribution of AMDV in the feral population of American mink in Iceland and the results might be successfully applied to develop models to infer dynamics of various pathogens, even those latently transmitted by disease-free animals.

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TOPALCENGIZ, ZEYNAL, SAHARUETAI JEAMSRIPONG, PATRICK M. SPANNINGER, ANIL K. PERSAD, FEI WANG, ROBERT L. BUCHANAN, JEFF LeJEUNE, KALMIA E. KNIEL, MICHELE T. JAY-RUSSELL, and MICHELLE D. DANYLUK. "Survival of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in Various Wild Animal Feces That May Contaminate Produce." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 1420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-046.

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ABSTRACT Domestic and wild animal intrusions are identified as a food safety risk during fresh produce production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle, feral pig, waterfowl, deer, and raccoon feces from sources in California, Delaware, Florida, and Ohio. Fecal samples were inoculated with a cocktail of rifampin-resistant STEC serotypes (O103, O104, O111, O145, and O157) (104 to 106 CFU/g of feces). Inoculated feces were held at ambient temperature. Populations of surviving cells were monitored throughout 1 year (364 days), with viable populations being enumerated by spread plating and enrichment when the bacteria were no longer detected by plating. Representative colonies were collected at various time intervals based on availability from different locations to determine the persistence of surviving STEC serotypes. Over the 364-day storage period, similar survival trends were observed for each type of animal feces from all states except for cattle and deer feces from Ohio. STEC populations remained the highest in cattle and deer feces from all states between days 28 and 364, except for those from Ohio. Feral pig, waterfowl, and raccoon feces had populations of STEC of <1.0 log CFU/g starting from day 112 in feces from all states. E. coli O103 and O104 were the predominant serotypes throughout the entire storage period in feces from all animals and from all states. The survival of both O157 and non-O157 STEC strains in domesticated and wild animal feces indicates a potential risk of contamination from animal intrusion. HIGHLIGHTS

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Miller, SM, JD Brooker, A. Phillips, and LL Blackall. "Streptococcus caprinus is ineffective as a rumen inoculum to improve digestion of mulga (Acacia aneura) by sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 8 (1996): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9961323.

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This study examined the distribution of Streptococcus caprinus in domestic and feral ruminants, and the effect of rumen inoculation with S. caprinus on nitrogen digestion in mulga-fed sheep. S. caprinus is a tannin-resistant rumen bacterium found in feral goats and may play a role in alleviating the nutritive depressing effects of high concentrations of plant tannins in these animals. S. caprinus was present in samples of rumen fluid from feral goats and feral camels but was not detectable in rumen fluid from sheep and domestic goats that had not previously grazed forages containing condensed tannins. A proportion of sheep, domestic goats, and cattle grazing in mulga paddocks, with either feral goats or camels, had detectable populations of S. caprinus. Pure cultures of S. caprinus grown in vitro were successfully placed in the rumen of sheep; however, nitrogen digestion was unaffected by rumen inoculation. Interactions between several populations of micro-organisms may therefore be involved in achieving improvements in protein digestion.

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Sinclair, K., A. L. Curtis, R. B. Hacker, and T. Atkinson. "Stakeholder judgements of the social acceptability of control practices for kangaroos, unmanaged goats and feral pigs in the south-eastern rangelands of Australia." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 6 (2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19047.

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Total grazing pressure (TGP) is a key driver of productivity in livestock systems in the south-eastern rangelands of Australia. Sustainable grazing in these environments requires the management of grazing pressure from kangaroos, unmanaged goats and feral pigs, as well as livestock. Any practices used to control these species must be socially acceptable. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews with individuals drawn from key stakeholder groups were conducted to assess the acceptability of control practices for each of these species. Commercial shooting was the most acceptable control practice for kangaroos with a much lower acceptance of non-commercial shooting. A trap yard (at a water point) was the most acceptable practice for control of unmanaged goats with shooting least acceptable. Ground shooting, trapping and 1080 baiting were the most acceptable practices for control of feral pigs with dogging least acceptable. The two key criteria for social acceptance of control practices by stakeholder group interviewees were humaneness and effectiveness. Acceptance was also influenced by interviewees’ attitudes towards particular species. Interviewees typically distinguished between control of native wildlife and ‘feral’ animals, and between ‘resource’ animals and ‘pest’ animals. Importantly, support for control programs to manage TGP must be justifiable and employ practices that are socially acceptable.

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Kim, Dae-Hwan, Ho-Hyun Kwak, and Heung-Myong Woo. "Prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in feral cats and its risk factors." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 1 (January 2023): 1098612X2211314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221131453.

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Objectives This study investigated the prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in urban feral cats in South Korea and analysed its risk factors. Methods Three hundred and forty-five feral cats that visited the hospital for neutering using a trap–neuter–return approach were screened for feline chronic gingivostomatitis based on clinical criteria. In addition, we determined if body weight, sex and the presence of tongue lesions are risk factors for feline chronic gingivostomatitis. The difference in severity due to the presence or absence of risk factors, and the relationship between gross findings and histopathological lesions, were analysed by grading lesion severity. Results Feline chronic gingivostomatitis was diagnosed in 92 cats. Disease prevalence did not significantly differ with body weight and sex but was significantly related to tongue lesions. Conclusions and relevance The prevalence of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in urban feral cats in South Korea was 26.6%. It was significantly more prevalent in cats that had tongue lesions. Severity was also significantly associated with tongue lesions. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis may be associated with an infectious agent that causes tongue lesions.

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Robertson, Sheilah A. "A review of feral cat control." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 10, no. 4 (August 2008): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.08.003.

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Barger, Anne M., G. Robert Weedon, Carol W. Maddox, and Kimberly A. Galloway. "Dermatophilus congolensis in a feral cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 10 (February 4, 2014): 840–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x14520813.

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Brewer, Kyle, Todd J. McWhorter, Katherine Moseby, John L. Read, David Peacock, and Anton Blencowe. "pH-Responsive Polymer Implants for the Protection of Native Mammals: Assessment of Material Properties and Poison Incorporation on Performance." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040878.

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Efforts to mitigate the effects of feral cats through the management of remnant or reintroduced populations of threatened species, are often unsuccessful due to predation by control-averse feral cats, or ‘problem individuals’. In order to target these animals, we have developed the Population Protecting Implant (PPI). PPIs are designed to be implanted subcutaneously in a native animal. If the animal is preyed upon, and the implant ingested by a feral cat, release of a toxic payload is triggered in the acidic stomach environment and the problem individual is eliminated. We introduce the first toxic implant incorporating the poison sodium fluoroacetate. Manufactured via fluidised-bed spray coating, toxic implants exhibited uniform reverse enteric coatings and low intra-batch variation. Toxic implants were found to exhibit favourable stability at subcutaneous pH in vitro, and rapidly release their toxic payload in vitro at gastric pH. However, limited stability was demonstrated in rats in vivo (~39–230 d), due to the use of a filament scaffold to enable coating and was likely exacerbated by metachromatic interactions caused by 1080. This work highlights that future development of the PPIs should primarily focus on removal of the filament scaffold, to afford implants with increased in vivo stability.

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Gilpin, B., T. James, F. Nourozi, D. Saunders, P. Scholes, and M. Savill. "The use of chemical and molecular microbial indicators for faecal source identification." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0155.

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Identifying the source of faecal pollution is important to enable appropriate management of faecal pollution of water. We are developing and evaluating a combination of these microbial and chemical indicators better able to identify the source of faecal pollution. These assays make use of a combination of direct PCR, culturing, and colony hybridisation to identify source specific species of Bifidobacterium, Rhodococcus and Bacteroides. In conjunction with assays for (a) fluorescent whitening agents and (b) faecal sterols and stanols, these indicators were able to identify human derived faecal pollution in river water containing inputs from septic tanks, municipal oxidation ponds, farmed animals and feral animals. Differentiating amongst the animal sources was more difficult and will require development of molecular assays for organisms specific to each animal group.

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Rasmussen, Jeffrey Lee, Heather D. Craft, and D. W. Rajecki. "Labels and the Treatment of Animals: Archival and Experimental Cases." Society & Animals 1, no. 1 (1993): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853093x00145.

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AbstractThe proposition that sheer labels or categories are important in people's reactions to the treatment of animals was supported by evidence from two sources. First, print archives showed that in the real world animals with a great deal in common such as (a) dolphins and tuna in the same nets; (b) cats and dogs, and pigs and goats in the same laboratories; and (c) native and feral species in the same parks are viewed or treated quite differently by humans. Second, original experiments were conducted wherein some hypothetical maltreatment of animals was held constant, but the animal label was varied over different respondents. Depending on the fictional maltreatment (hooking, shooting) and label (dog, cat, bird, fish, pig, goat) men and women respondents showed strong and systematic patterns of more or less tolerance for such treatment.

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Hetherington, Cheryl A., David Algar, Harriet Mills, and Roberta Bencini. "Increasing the target-specificity of ERADICAT® for feral cat (Felis catus) control by encapsulating a toxicant." Wildlife Research 34, no. 6 (2007): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06140.

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ERADICAT®, a sausage-type meat bait, has been developed for use in managing feral cat (Felis catus) populations throughout Western Australia. However, concern about potential exposure of non-target species to bait-delivered toxicants has led to the development of a technique to more specifically target feral cats using a pellet. Research into the consumption, by cats and native animals, of toxic pellets implanted within the ERADICAT® bait has been simulated using ball bearings as a substitute pellet. Results from our work indicate that encapsulating the toxicant may pose less risk of poisoning to chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii), woylies (Bettongia pencillata) and southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) as they consumed significantly fewer ball bearings (P = 0.003, <0.001, <0.001) than semi-feral cats (P = 0.07). Theoretically, a toxic pellet will not reduce the effectiveness of the ERADICAT® bait as there was no significant difference between consumption of baits and the consumption of ball bearings in feral cats (P = 0.07). Therefore, baits containing a toxic pellet have the potential to be a more selective method to control feral cats.

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Heiniger, Jaime, Skye F. Cameron, and Graeme Gillespie. "Evaluation of risks for two native mammal species from feral cat baiting in monsoonal tropical northern Australia." Wildlife Research 45, no. 6 (2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17171.

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Context Feral cats are a significant threat to native wildlife and broad-scale control is required to reduce their impacts. Two toxic baits developed for feral cats, Curiosity® and Hisstory®, have been designed to reduce the risk of baiting to certain non-target species. These baits involve encapsulating the toxin within a hard-shelled delivery vehicle (HSDV) and placing it within a meat attractant. Native animals that chew their food more thoroughly are predicted to avoid poisoning by eating around the HSDV. This prediction has not been tested on wild native mammals in the monsoonal wet–dry tropics of the Northern Territory. Aim The aim of this research was to determine whether northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) and northern brown bandicoots (Isoodon macrourus) would take feral cat baits and ingest the HSDV under natural conditions on Groote Eylandt. Methods We hand-deployed 120 non-toxic baits with a HSDV that contained a biomarker, Rhodamine B, which stains animal whiskers when ingested. The species responsible for bait removal was determined with camera traps, and HSDV ingestion was measured by evaluating Rhodamine B in whiskers removed from animals trapped after baiting. Key results During field trials, 95% of baits were removed within 5 days. Using camera-trap images, we identified the species responsible for taking baits on 65 occasions. All 65 confirmed takes were by native species, with northern quolls taking 42 baits and northern brown bandicoots taking 17. No quolls and only one bandicoot ingested the HSDV. Conclusion The use of the HSDV reduces the potential for quolls and bandicoots to ingest a toxin when they consume feral cat baits. However, high bait uptake by non-target species may reduce the efficacy of cat baiting in some areas. Implications The present study highlighted that in the monsoonal wet–dry tropics, encapsulated baits are likely to minimise poisoning risk to certain native species that would otherwise eat meat baits. However, further research may be required to evaluate risks to other non-target species. Given the threat to biodiversity from feral cats, we see it as critical to continue testing Hisstory® and Curiosity® in live-baiting trials in northern Australia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Feral animals'

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