Academic literature on the topic 'Fenton Metallic Manufacturing Co'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fenton Metallic Manufacturing Co"

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Nasr Esfahani, Kourosh, Mohammad Damous Zandi, J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez, Moisès Graells, and Montserrat Pérez-Moya. "Manufacturing and Application of 3D Printed Photo Fenton Reactors for Wastewater Treatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 4885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094885.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing offers a new paradigm for designing and developing chemical reactors, in particular, prototypes. The use of 3D printers has been increasing, their performance has been improving, and their price has been reducing. While the general trend is clear, particular applications need to be assessed for their practicality. This study develops and follows a systematic approach to the prototyping of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) reactors. Specifically, this work evaluates and discusses different printable materials in terms of mechanical and chemical resistance to photo-Fenton reactants. Metallic and ceramic materials are shown to be impracticable due to their high printing cost. Polymeric and composite materials are sieved according to criteria such as biodegradability, chemical, thermal, and mechanical resistance. Finally, 3D-printed prototypes are produced and tested in terms of leakage and resistance to the photo-Fenton reacting environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) and wood–PLA composite (Timberfill®) were selected, and lab-scale raceway pond reactors (RPR) were printed accordingly. They were next exposed to H2O2/Fe(II) solutions at pH = 3 ± 0.2 and UV radiation. After 48 h reaction tests, results revealed that the Timberfill® reactor produced higher Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations (9.6 mg·L−1) than that obtained for the PLA reactor (5.5 mg·L−1) and Pyrex® reactor (5.2 mg·L−1), which suggests the interference of Timberfill® with the reaction. The work also considers and discusses further chemical and mechanical criteria that also favor PLA for 3D-printing Fenton and photo-Fenton reactors. Finally, the work also provides a detailed explanation of the printing parameters used and guidelines for preparing prototypes.
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Zheng, Rongwei, Ruifan Tan, Yali Lv, Xiaoling Mou, Junqiao Qian, Ronghe Lin, Ping Fang, and Weidong Kan. "Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich Fe@Fe3O4 Boosting Fenton Chemistry." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071057.

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Iron-based materials are widely applied in Fenton chemistry, and they have promising prospects in the processing of wastewater. The composition complexity and rich chemistry of iron and/or oxides, however, hamper the precise understanding of the active sites and the working mechanism, which still remain highly controversial. Herein, iron oxides of four different model systems are designed through a conventional precipitation method plus H2 reduction treatment. These systems feature Fe@Fe3O4 with abundant oxygen vacancy, Fe0 and Fe3O4 particles with interface structures, and Fe3O4-dominated nanoparticles of different sizes. These materials are applied in the decomposition of methyl orange as a model reaction to assess the Fenton chemistry. The Fe@Fe3O4 with core–shell structures exhibits significantly higher decomposition activity than the other Fe3O4-rich nanoparticles. A thin Fe3O4 layer formed by auto-oxidation of iron particles when exposed to air can boost the activity as compared with the Fe0 and Fe3O4 particles with interface structures but poor oxygen vacancy. The unique hetero-structure with the co-existence of both metallic iron and oxygen vacancy displays excellent redox propensity, which might account for the superior Fenton activity. This finding provides a new perspective to understand and design highly efficient iron-based Fenton catalysts.
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Ribeiro, João Peres, Helena G. M. F. Gomes, Luana Sarinho, Catarina C. Marques, and Maria Isabel Nunes. "Synergies of metallic catalysts in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes applied to the treatment of pulp bleaching wastewater." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 181 (November 2022): 109159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.109159.

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Alwan, Evan Hussain, and Sabiha Mahdi Kanaan. "Methods of Additive Manufacturing for Dental Co-Cr Alloys: Systematic Review." Journal of Techniques 4, no. 33 (November 15, 2022): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i33.641.

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Additive manufacturing is a popular method of producing items directly from digital models through a layer-by-layer material build-up process. To evaluate the Current State of Knowledge on Dental Co-Cr Alloy Additive Manufacturing Techniques. Innovative additive printing technologies have made it possible to produce intricate dental components customized for each patient. This study investigated the manufacturing method (build orientation and process parameters), post-processing techniques, and metallic powders utilized in dental applications (stress relieving, surface finishing). The databases PubMed, Science Direct, Mendeley, and Google Scholar were used to carry out an electronic search. A manual search of pertinent article citations was also carried out; inclination angle, stress relieving, heat treatment, cobalt-chromium, selective laser melting, selective laser sintering, and powder bed fusion, dentistry were some of the keywords utilized. Although this publication tries to contain the most recent study from the previous eleven years (2010–2021), and to explain the materials powders and metal used in dental applications. A cutting-edge technique called additive manufacturing uses a layer-by-layer approach to material build-up to produce things directly from digital models. It is missing a tool, a manufacturing process that produces fully thick metallic components quickly and with good precision. Qualities of additive aspects of production such component design flexibility, part complexity, light- weighting, component consolidation, and functional design are generating specific interest in the additive fabrication of metal for use in automotive, marine, oil & gas, and aerospace industries during powder bed fusion, each layer of the powder bed is only partially fused employing a laser or electron beam as an energy source, the recent and most promising additive manufacturing technologies utilized to produce intricate, low-volume, tiny metallic parts. By using computer-aided design (CAD) technology, recent developments in digital dentistry have changed dental offices and dental laboratories, by utilizing 3D printing because precise metal framework fitting and technique faster.
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Wang, Xinyu, Zhangqian Liang, Yanjun Xue, Xiaoyue Chen, Xiu Qian, Yanli Zhou, Xiaoli Zhang, Hongzhi Cui, and Jian Tian. "A novel semi-metallic 1T′-MoReS3 co-catalyst." Chemical Engineering Journal 425 (December 2021): 130525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130525.

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Yasin, Ghulam, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Naeem Nizam, Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Abubaker Khan, Waheed Qamar Khan, Tahira Mehtab Hassan, Zaheer Abbas, Iman Farahbakhsh, and Yu Zuo. "Effect of surfactant concentration in electrolyte on the fabrication and properties of nickel-graphene nanocomposite coating synthesized by electrochemical co-deposition." RSC Advances 8, no. 36 (2018): 20039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13651j.

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Gu, Lingyu, Shushen Wang, Xidong Hui, Fudong Li, Hengfu Lin, and Kaiming Wu. "Degradation performance and mechanism toward methyl orange via nanoporous copper powders fabricated by dealloying of ZrCuNiAl metallic glassy precursors." Nanotechnology 33, no. 13 (January 7, 2022): 135713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3bec.

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Abstract The catalyst of nanoporous Cu (NP-Cu) powders, with the chemical composition of Cu79.63Ni6.85O13.53 (at%), was successfully fabricated by dealloying of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al metallic glassy precursors. The as-prepared NP-Cu powders, co-existing with Cu2O phase on Cu ligament surface, had a three-dimensional network porous structure. The NP-Cu powders/H2O2 system showed superior catalytic degradation efficiency toward azo dyes in both acidic (pH 2) and neutral (pH 7) environments. Moreover, the cyclic tests indicated that this powder catalyst also exhibited good durability. A novel degradation mechanism of NP-Cu powders/H2O2 was proposed: the high degradation performance in acidic environment was mainly derived from heterogeneous reaction involved with a specific pathway related to Cu3+ to produce HO·, while in neutral environment it was primarily resulted from homogeneous reaction with the generation of HO· from the classical Cu-based Fenton-like process. This work indicates that the NP-Cu powders have great potential applications as catalysts for wastewater treatments.
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Kuś, Anna, Wirginia Pilarczyk, Aleksandra Małachowska, Andrzej Ambroziak, and Piotr Gębara. "Investigation of Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Co-Based Amorphous Powders Obtained by Atomization." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237357.

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Properties of Co-based alloys with high Glass Forming Ability (GFA) in the form of powder are still not widely known. However, powders of high GFA alloys are often used for the development of bulk metallic glasses by additive manufacturing. In this work Co47.6B21.9Fe20.4Si5.1Nb5% at. and Co42B26.5Fe20Ta5.5Si5Cu1% at. were developed by gas-atomization. Obtained powders in size 50–80 µm were annealed at Tg and Tx of each alloy. Then SEM observation, EDS analyses, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, Mössbauer, and magnetic properties research was carried out for as-atomized and annealed states. The gas atomization method proved to be an efficient method for manufacturing Co-based metallic glasses. The obtained powder particles were spherical and chemically homogeneous. Annealing resulted in an increase of mechanical properties such as hardness and the elastic module of Co47.6B21.9Fe20.4Si5.1Nb5% at and Co42B26.5Fe20Ta5.5Si5Cu1%, which was caused by crystallization. The magnetic study shows that Co47.6B21.9Fe20.4Si5.1Nb5 and Co42B26.5Fe20Ta5.5Si5Cu1 are soft magnetic and semi-hard magnetic materials, respectively.
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Baek, Soyoung, Yasaman Ghaffari, and Jiyeol Bae. "Synthesis of Fe2O3/Mn2O3 Nanocomposites and Impregnated Porous Silicates for Dye Removal: Insights into Treatment Mechanisms." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091045.

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Fe2O3/Mn2O3 nanocomposites and impregnated porous silicates (Fe2O3/Mn2O3@SiO2 [FMS]) were prepared and investigated as catalytic adsorbents. The catalysts were applied for cationic and anionic dye pollutants in the adsorption, Fenton reaction, and photocatalysis processes at a pH of 7. Fe2O3/Mn2O3 nanoparticles (FM-NPs) were prepared using the co-precipitation method and were impregnated in SiO2 by the sol–gel process. The synthesized materials were characterized using various sophisticated techniques. Results indicated that the impregnation of bi-metallic NPs in SiO2 increased the surface area, and the function of the adsorbent also improved. FMS showed a significant adsorption effect, with 79.2% rhodamine B removal within 15 min. Fenton and photocatalyst reaction showed removal rates of 85.3% and 97.9%, respectively, indicating that negatively charged porous silicate attracts cationic pollutants. In the case of the anionic pollutant, Congo red, the adsorption reaction of FMS did not occur, and the removal rate of the photocatalyst reaction was 79%, indicating the repulsive force between the negatively charged silica and the anionic dye. Simultaneously, bi-metal-bonded FM-NPs facilitated the photocatalytic reaction, reducing the recombination of electron-hole pairs. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of FM-NPs and FMS as photocatalytic adsorbents and their photocatalytic mechanisms based on reaction conditions and contaminant characteristics. The developed materials have potential applications for environmental mitigation.
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Rahman, I. Z., Md Kamruzzaman, and M. A. Rahman. "Magneto-impedance effect in Co-based metallic glass ribbons." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 153-154 (November 2004): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.107.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fenton Metallic Manufacturing Co"

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Ury, Nicholas, Samad Firdosy, and Vilupanur Ravi. "Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steel Biomedical Devices." In Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications, 164–75. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.a0006888.

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Abstract Metallic alloys that are typically used for medical purposes include stainless steels, Ti-6Al-4V, and Co-Cr-Mo. This article discusses the relative merits of each of these alloys. The utilization of stainless steels in the biomedical industry, especially in relation to the additive manufacturing (AM) process, is the main focus of this article. The characteristics of various stainless steels are described subsequently, and the categories that are of relevance to the biomedical industry are identified. The types of stainless steels covered are austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels. The article discusses the potential benefits of AM for biomedical devices. It describes the types of AM processes for stainless steels, namely binder jet, directed-energy deposition, and laser powder-bed fusion. The article reviews the AM of austenitic, martensitic, and PH stainless steels for biomedical applications. In addition, the challenges and obstacles to the clinical use of AM parts are covered.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fenton Metallic Manufacturing Co"

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Oliveira, Gonçalo, Ricardo Mineiro, Ana Maria Rocha Senos, Cristina Fernandes, Daniel Figueiredo, and Teresa Vieira Maria. "WC-Co Versus Ticn/WC–Co, Ni For New Cutting Tools." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765296.

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Advanced cutting tools are required for the new challenge of the machining industry to make more sustainable solutions. Material extrusion (MEX), as an indirect additive manufacturing technology, could be used to process hardmetals (WC-Co) and, also, the designated cermets (TiCN/WC and Co, Ni). While versatile for different feedstock possibilities, it is capable to produce complex internal structures that could lead to more efficient cooling solutions. However, it is not yet easy to replicate the main MEX parameters developed for organic or metallic materials when the feedstocks are based on hardmetal and cermet powder. The main objective of this study is to add a better understanding of these materials processed by MEX, considering that the defects, from shaping to debinding and sintering, have a significant role in the performance of the tool.
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Pop, Petru A., Petru Ungur, Juan Lopez Martinez, and Gheorghe Bejinaru-Mihoc. "Theoretical and Practical Estimations Regarding of Borderline Conditions Imposed for Qualitative Achievement of Sliding Bimetallic Bearings From Steel-Bronze." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84193.

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The paper has presented the reduced structure of horizontal centrifugal casting mechanism by high frequency current of bimetallic bushes from steel-bronze, with a chemical stability treatment of borderline alloy layer. This stabilizer borderline layer at interference of inner cylindrical surfaces from steel and external surfaces from bronze, has achieved by adding into filler metal of Cu-Sn a supplier non-ferrous metal added, with great specific weight and low melting point as Cu-Sn alloy, for example Sn with contents of 1% from Cu-Sn alloy. At high temperature and pressure, Sn is forming with Fe from steel mass of bimetallic bearing an inter-metallic compound FeSn2, which reactions with Cu-Sn alloy due to a stable metallic connection. The experimental tests have realized at Machine Tools ‘Infratirea’ Co from Oradea, achieved bimetallic bearings of steel-bronze, with a good physical and thermal stability and well adhesion between antifriction steel with bronze.
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Glaspell, Aspen, Christina Seydlorsky, Junbeom Son, Jae Joong Ryu, and Kyosung Choo. "Thermal Stress Simulation Model of Dissimilar Linear Friction Welding (LFW) Technology for Manufacturing of Bi-Metallic Biomedical Implants." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8244.

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Abstract Linear Friction Welding (LFW) is a uniquely important manufacturing process because it allows welding of dissimilar materials without filler material. In this study, bi-metallic Ti6Al4V-CoCrMo joints were manufactured using LFW process and analyzed the weldability and bonding strength. Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo cylinders were manufactured to a standard size of tensile specimens and cut into two identical pieces. The surfaces to be welded were polished and cleaned before performing welding. The experimental thermal data was recorded with an IR camera. In the thermal stress simulation model, the temperature-dependent thermal properties of Ti-6al-4V were used. The thermal properties of CoCrMo were assumed constant due the fact that CoCrMo does not change phase until it reaches its melting temperature. The heat losses due to radiation was different for each workpiece because both materials had a different emissivity and the heat loss by convection is a function of the surface temperature by natural convection. The left boundary of the Ti-6Al-4V and the right boundary of the Co-Cr-Mo workpiece were constrained at a constant temperature of 45°C. The maximum deformation of the simulation model is well matched with the measured data within 5% error.
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PAPY, K. "Additive manufacturing of cermet produced by laser powder bed fusion using alternative Ni binder." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-15.

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Abstract. Cermets are composite materials made of a ceramic reinforcement and a metal matrix, generally cobalt as binder, with mass content from 6 to 20 wt.%. Cermets are produced by conventional sintering process and are known for their high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, and high melting temperature. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology widely applied for direct fabrication of functional metallic parts with complex geometry such as internal channels or lattices structures. Considering several studies, production of cermets by L-PBF process is challenging. Recent publications have demonstrated the feasibility to produce WC-Co parts by L-PBF combined with Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) heat-treatment. HIP process is sometimes additionally performed as post-treatment to remove defects. HIP is performed at high temperatures and isostatic pressures in a furnace [1]. In this study, following an experimental design a parametric optimization was conducted in order to maximize the mass density of WC-17Ni. Process parameters were compared to those used for WC-17Co parts from recent study [2]. To improve the printed specimen integrity, the as-built samples were heat-treated. As-built and HIP samples were analyzed and compared in terms of mass density, microstructure, crystallographic phases, and macro hardness.
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Niikura, K. "Development and Manufacture of Innovative Toughened Fine-Grained Recrystallized Tungsten Alloy." In Hot Isostatic Pressing. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902837-13.

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Abstract. Tungsten (W) exhibits excellent thermal properties such as the highest melting point among the metallic elements, however, its engineering usefulness is limited due to the recrystallization embrittlement. Aiming at solving the recrystallization embrittlement, TFGR (Toughened Fine-Grained Recrystallized) W-1.1% TiC that exhibits high bending strength of 3.2~4.4 GPa and appreciable bend ductility at room temperature was developed. In collaboration with KEK, Sunric Co., Ltd., and Metal Technology Co. Ltd. (MTC) is upgrading the development phase for the engineering applicability of TFGR W-1.1TiC to increase the scale of manufacturing, to achieve mass production, and improve heat resistance and toughness. Reduction of gas-impurities such as oxygen and nitrogen is one of the essential factors in the manufacturing process. In this presentation, a fundamental study to understand outgassing behavior inside the HIP capsule will be introduced.
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Puranen, Jouni, Leo Hyva¨rinen, Juha Lagerbom, Mikko Kylma¨lahti, Heli Koivuluoto, and Petri Vuoristo. "Manganese-Cobalt Spinel Coatings for SOFC Metallic Interconnects Manufactured by Conventional Plasma Spraying (PS) and Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS)." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54750.

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Protective coatings are used on ferritic stainless steel interconnects of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to prevent the oxidation and evaporation of volatile chromium compounds. Oxide scale is formed of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) which tends to react with the oxygen and water, forming chromium trioxide (CrO3) and chromium hydroxides (Cr2(OH)2). These compounds will migrate to the triple phase barrier (TPB) of a cathode and reduce back to Cr2O3. This reaction pathway is a notable reason for the degradation phenomena of the cell. Plasma spraying (PS) and suspension plasma spraying (SPS) were studied as possible manufacturing processes for thin Mn-Co-(Fe) spinel coatings. Powder for PS was manufactured by using a solid state reaction method from carbonates and oxide to form a MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 and powder for SPS by co-precipitation process from nitrates to form a MnCo2O4 spinel structure. Using PS, coatings with thin and relatively dense structures were obtained. The composition of the coatings was homogeneous although, the decomposition of the spinel structure was noticed. The crystal structures of the PS coatings were partially restored by a separate annealing process. The spray parameters had a strong influence on the coating structure and the composition when SPS was used. The most homogenous coating structure was formed when low energy spraying parameters were used, whereas high energy parameters formed a columnar structure with larger cobalt rich areas. The decomposed spinel structure of the SPS coatings were fully restored by the annealing treatment. In SPS, more process optimization is needed to improve the coating quality and especially denseness.
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Ene, Nicoleta Mariana, Carmen Răcănel, and Adrian Burlacu. "The study of moisture susceptibility for asphalt mixtures containing blast furnace slags." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1049.

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Nowadays, in the context of increasing traffic, extending road network, and environmental protection, an important target is to develop sustainable roads through the use of by-products derived from various manufacturing processes that can lead to the reduction of environmental degradation. Blast furnace slag is the resulting material during the casting processes of the iron. This is a non-metallic process that is obtained by melting the chemical compounds from the sterile, ash coxe, and the founders. As a result of global research, it has been found that an ecological asphalt mixture (with slags as aggregate) can be used as a pavement layer. However, there are inconveniences related to poor moisture susceptibility. In this context, this paper presents the study of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures with blast furnace slags starting from a basic recipe of AC 31.5 type with natural aggregate and replacing the natural aggregate with slag in different percentages. The paper presents the tests carried out on 15 asphalt mixture recipes with partial and total replacement of natural aggregates with slag artificial aggregates and compared to a classic recipe where 100% natural aggregates were used. The used tests were chosen to characterize the water-related behavior: water absorption and indirect tensile strength test. The results indicate that asphalt mixture with slag aggregates can be a valuable resource in designing asphalt mixtures and satisfactory performance has been achieved.
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Verstak, A., and V. Baranovski. "AC-HVAF Sprayed Tungsten Carbide: Properties and Applications." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0643.

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Abstract Activated Combustion HVAF (AC-HVAF) spraying provides efficient deposition of metallic and carbide coatings using solid particle spray technology. Oxidation and thermal deterioration of sprayed materials is significantly reduced, resulting in improved quality of coatings. Resistance of different WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr AC-HVAF coatings to abrasive wear was investigated using ASTM G-65 test. It was found that the AC-HVAF hardware setup, type of fuel gas and spray parameters affected deposition efficiency but not wear resistance of coatings. Herewith, the method of powder manufacturing revealed significant influence on coating wear resistance. The AC-HVAF sprayed coatings were compared to HVOF-sprayed counterparts, as well as to hard surfacing and chrome plating. The AC-HVAF sprayed coatings were efficient in competing with modern surfacing technologies in many industrial applications.
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Subramanian, Ramesh, David Rule, and Onur Nazik. "Dependence of LPBF Surface Roughness on Laser Incidence Angle and Component Build Orientation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59755.

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Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of metallic components is unlocking new design options for high efficiency gas turbine component designs not possible by conventional manufacturing technologies. Surface roughness is a key characteristic of LPBF components that impacts heat transfer correlations and crack initiation from co-located surface defects — both are critical for gas turbine component durability and performance. However, even for a single material, there is an increasing diversity in laser machines (single vs multi-laser), layer thicknesses (∼20–80 microns) and orientations to the build plate (upskin, vertical and downskin) that result in significant variability in surface roughness. This study systematically compares the surface roughness across the above-mentioned variables to further develop a repeatable correlation of surface roughness to the angle between the substrate normal and laser incidence direction. This presented data will be discussed in detail, to show potential applicability of this process signature curve across materials, machines, and substrate orientations. Future steps to a rapid process qualification standard for surface roughness, across Siemens Energy’s global manufacturing footprint will also be discussed.
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Sammoura, Firas, and Liwei Lin. "A W-Band Horn Antenna Using Self-Aligned 3D Plastic Embossing Process." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14583.

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We have demonstrated a waveguide-fed, W-band horn antenna using a three-dimensional (3D), polymeric micro hot embossing process. Two cavity resonators were designed to reduce the impedance mismatch between the horn antenna and the feeding waveguide at a 90° bend. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) was used to simulate for the performance of the waveguide-fed horn antenna. The antenna directivity and return loss at 95GHz were simulated at 16.56dB and 14.5dB respectively. The measured performance shows impedance match better than 10dB between 76.5~101.7 GHz and 17.5dB at 95GHz. The 3dB beamwidths of the E- and H-plane patterns are 26° and 23° respectively and the total directivity is 17.33dB. The cross-polarized component in the E- or H-planes was 20dB lower than the peak of the corresponding co-polarized component indicating the antenna robustness in rejecting signals with undesired polirization. This plastic, low-cost manufacturing process opens up opportunities in replacing the expensive metallic components with integrated 3D polymeric manufacturing for current and future millimeter-wave systems.
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