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Brown, Andrew. "Development of an autonomous parallel action tissue grasper to minimise tissue trauma." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8151b394-f604-4d5f-98c5-dc8516ac0c42.
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Trauma caused by grasping during laparoscopic surgery is something which will never be fully eradicated however efforts should be taken to reduce the potential to cause trauma by grasping. Tissue is often grasped with excessive forces for long periods of time during surgeries such as cholecystectomies and colectomies. This along with failed grasping actions and the occurrence of slip has been shown to damage the tissue. Design features often employed within graspers such as profiling and the occlusion mechanism of the instrument cause areas of high, uneven distribution of pressures on the tissue which can result in perforation or tissue tearing. By investigating these contributing factors, development of graspers with a low risk to cause damage this combined with actuating the grasping force should reduce the incidence of grasping trauma, currently at estimated at one incidence per procedure. These trauma events can lead to conversion to open surgery, peritonitis and even death. Development of an autonomous grasping instrument to detect and prevent slip by actuating the grasping force is reported. Piezoelectric sensors are used to detect incipient slip and slip events. A closed loop control system then reacts to these perceived slip events to prevent slip occurring by actuating the applied force by small increments to increase or decrease grasping force. This leads to a system in which only the required amount of force necessary to overcome pull force is applied to the tissue. Other areas of investigation to reduce tissue trauma are presented. In chapter 3 design features such as surface profiling and fenestrations are evaluated to determine the potential to cause damage. A variety of profiles and fenestrations are studied and each is reported by representing the applied force to retention force ratio which indicates how good the profile is at retaining tissue against a pull force. The aim of this study was to develop surface profiling which had a high retention force but a reduced number of high stress areas which can lead to tissue damage. Three new parallel action grasping designs are presented and evaluated using finite element analysis. Parallel action grasping is important in reducing tissue trauma as it distributes pressure evenly across the active grasping area as opposed to more conventional pivot style graspers which have high stress concentration areas in the proximal opening. Each area of study within the thesis addresses areas of concern which have been shown to cause tissue trauma and postulates viable solutions to reduce the incidences of tissue trauma during laparoscopic surgery with the ultimate aim of developing a deployable and autonomous grasping device which will detect and prevent slip.
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Yamasaki, Toshinari. "Tumor microvasculature with endothelial fenestrations in VHL null CC-RCC as a potent target of anti-angiogenic therapy(." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/170080.
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Boudhaim, Marouane. "Optical and thermal performance of complex fenestration systems in the context of building information modelling." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD032/document.
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L'efficacité énergétique du bâtiment occupe une place importante dans les projets de construction. La façade, intermédiaire entre l'environnement et l'intérieur, joue un rôle clé pour déterminer les performances énergétiques du bâtiment. Les systèmes de fenestration complexes sont généralement utilisés pour améliorer son efficacité. L'étude des performances de la façade inclut généralement la consommation d'énergie, l'éclairage naturel et les aspects de confort visuel et thermique. Les efforts récents s'orientent vers l'utilisation de modèles intelligents tels que le Building Information Modeling. CFS pourraient être facilement comparées dans la phase de conception du bâtiment afin d'optimiser ses performances. Nous présentons une méthodologie pour transformer le modèle architectural du BIM en modèle énergétique ainsi que des modèles optique et thermique du CFS compatibles avec le BIM. Ces modèles sont validés par une comparaison avec des données expérimentales et les normes actuellesThe energy efficiency of the building occupies an important place in construction projects. The facade plays a key role in determining the performance of the building. Complex fenestration systems (CFS) are therefore generally used to improve its efficiency. The facade's performance evaluation usually includes energy consumption, natural lighting, visual and thermal comfort aspects in order to choose the optimal CFS. Recent efforts have focused on using rich models such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). These models provide an opportunity for automation and cost savings. Several CFS models could easily be compared to optimize the building's performance. In this thesis, we present a methodology to transform the architectural model of the BIM into a Building Energy Model compatible with several simulation software. We also present optical and thermal models compatible with BIM. These models are validated by comparison with experimental data and current standards
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Uriarte, Otazua Urtza. "Light and taste : third plane side‐view combined with complex fenestration system atmospheres under midday clear sky at restaurants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404022.
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This thesis deals with sunny side-lit indoor atmospheres, in which an outdoor view is required and a calm environment to enhance concentration. Different window systems were compared: a single fully glazed façade and complex façades. The complex façades were composed of large or small windows that combined a light shelf and prismatic film complex fenestration systems.
The luminance and illuminance distribution parameters were selected to assess the light atmosphere. The Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) index was used to evaluate the luminance distribution and the Daylight Autonomy (DA) index was used to evaluate the illuminance distribution. The simulation method was selected to validate the hypothesis. Evalglare, which is a tool for performing a glare analysis of a Radiance-based HDR scene, was used to obtain the DGP index and the Three-Phase Method was used to simulate complex fenestration with Radiance to obtain the DA index. In addition, DIVA, Radiance¿s based plugin for Rhino, was used to obtain reference illuminance data and the DA of window systems without Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS).
Furthermore, one point of view usually contains more than two workplanes; a down view (e.g. to a tablet, paper, etc.), a front view (e.g. to a monitor, other person, etc.) and a far view (e.g. to the outside, open-plan, etc.). Therefore, a third workplane was proposed in addition to the source and background planes. In consequence, the mean DGP of three workplanes was proposed as a simple way to obtain the overall glare perception. The mean DA was also proposed to obtain a reference value throughout the space and standard deviation was used to obtain more information about illuminance distribution throughout the space.
The restaurant was proposed as case study because in recent years the demand for an outside view whilst dining has grown considerably. In this context, the selected point of view was that of a person seated at a table next to the façade, with another person in front of him or her. Therefore, the workplanes were the table, the person and the window. These three workplanes were tested by the DGP index and the workplane of the table spread along the room was tested by the DA index.
The results show, on one hand according to the luminance distribution results, the contribution of the different workplanes, as the third plane, the source plane and the background plane, could help to get closer to the final glare perception, because it takes into account aspects of adaptation. Three workplanes combination could allow differentiating more extreme luminance values than having only two workplanes. The small window tends to provide less probability of daylight glare than the large window, but also provides less light and more local contrast. On the other hand, according to illuminance distribution results, if redirecting systems are added to the façade composition and the light source that probably causes the glare is avoided, light that it is better distributed throughout the workplanes can be achieved.
In conclusion, the small window combined with a Complex Fenestration System can provide less indoor sidelight, but, intimate and comfortable atmosphere where users can enjoy a good concentration level. When the two functions of an outdoor view and light supplied from a glazed façade are separated, they may work better. A complex daylight design, combining an outside view, redirected light, indirect light and direct light with the workplanes could provide a different atmosphere with an accurate light balance, according to the activity.La tesis trata sobre ambientes interiores en días soleados con iluminación natural lateral, en el cual la vista exterior es requerida y un ambiente tranquilo para mejorar la concentración. Diferentes sistemas de ventanas fueron comparados; una simple fachada totalmente vidriada y unas fachadas complejas. Las fachadas complejas están compuestas por una ventana grande o pequeña combinada por sistemas complejos de ventanas como un estante de luz o una película prismática. Los parámetros como la distribución de luminancias y la distribución de iluminancias fueron seleccionados para evaluar el ambiente lumínico. El índice Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) fue utilizado para evaluar la distribución de luminancias y el índice Daylight Autonomy (DA) fue utilizado para evaluar la distribución de iluminancias. El método de simulación fue elegido para validar la hipótesis. Evalglare, el cual es una herramienta para realizar el análisis de deslumbramiento de escenas de HDR basados en Radiance, fue utilizado para obtener el índice DGP y Three-Phase Method fue utilizado para simular el índice DA con los sistemas complejos de ventanas con Radiance. Igualmente, DIVA, programa adicional basado en Radiance para Rhino, fue utilizado para obtener datos de referencia de iluminancia y el DA para sistemas de ventanas sin sistemas complejos de ventanas (CFS). Asimismo, normalmente un punto de vista contiene más de dos planos de trabajo; una vista inferior (p. ej. hacia una pantalla, papel, etc.), una vista frontal (p. ej. hacia un monitor, otra persona, etc.) y una vista lejana (p. ej. hacia un exterior, espacio abierto, etc.). Por lo tanto, un tercer plano de trabajo fue propuesto para añadir a los planos de trabajo de la fuente y el fondo. En consecuencia, la media del DGP de los tres planos de trabajo fue propuesto de una forma sencilla para obtener la percepción global del deslumbramiento. La media de DA también fue propuesto para conseguir un valor de referencia a lo largo del espacio y la medida de desviación de estándar fue utilizado para obtener más información sobre la distribución de la iluminancia a lo largo del espacio. El restaurante fue propuesto como caso de estudio, porque en los últimos años en la actividad de comer la demanda de las vistas exteriores ha incrementado considerablemente. En este contexto, el punto de vista seleccionado es adyacente a la fachada desde una persona sentada comiendo con una mesa compartida por una persona de en frente. Por lo tanto, los planos de trabajo son la mesa, la persona y la ventana. Estos tres planos están testeados por el índice DGP y el plano de trabajo de la mesa expandido a lo largo de la sala está testeado por el índice DA. Los resultados demuestran, por un lado conforme a los resultados de la distribución de luminancias, la contribución de diferentes planos de trabajo, como el tercer plano, el plano de la fuente y el plano del fondo, podría aproximar más a la percepción global de deslumbramiento, porque tiene en cuenta aspectos de la adaptación. La combinación de los tres planos de trabajo puede permitir una diferenciación mayor de las luminancias extremas que la combinación de dos planos de trabajo. La ventana pequeña tiene tendencia a proporcionar menos probabilidad de deslumbramiento que la ventana grande pero menos cantidad de luz y más contraste local. Por otro lado, conforme a los resultados de la distribución de iluminancias, si los sistemas de redirección se incorporan a la composición de la fachada y la probabilidad de deslumbramiento de la fuente de luz se evita, se puede conseguir una iluminación mejor distribuida a lo largo de los planos de trabajo se. En conclusión, la ventana en combinación con sistemas complejos de ventanas es capaz de proporcionar menos la iluminación natural lateral pero sí una atmósfera interior confortable e íntima mediante en el cual los usuarios pueden disfrutar de un buen nivel de concentración.
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Pereira, Fernando Oscar Ruttkay. "Luminous and thermal performance of window shading and sunlighting reflecting devices." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302180.
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Cheluvappa, Rajkumar. "Pathophysiology of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2802.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Owing to its strategic position in the liver sinusoid, pathologic and morphologic alterations of the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell (LSEC) have far-reaching repercussions for the whole liver and systemic metabolism. LSECs are perforated with fenestrations, which are pores that facilitate the transfer of lipoproteins and macromolecules between blood and hepatocytes. Loss of LSEC porosity is termed defenestration, which can result from loss of fenestrations and/ or decreases in fenestration diameter. Gram negative bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) has marked effects on LSEC morphology, including induction LSEC defenestration. Sepsis is associated with hyperlipidemia, and proposed mechanisms include inhibition of tissue lipoprotein lipase and increased triglyceride production by the liver. The LSEC has an increasingly recognized role in hyperlipidemia. Conditions associated with reduced numbers of fenestrations such as ageing and bacterial infections are associated with impaired lipoprotein and chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver and consequent hyperlipidemia. Given the role of the LSEC in liver allograft rejection and hyperlipidemia, changes in the LSEC induced by LPS may have significant clinical implications. In this thesis, the following major hypotheses are explored: 1. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin pyocyanin induces defenestration of the LSEC both in vitro and in vivo 2. The effects of pyocyanin on the LSEC are mediated by oxidative stress 3. Defenestration induced by old age and poloxamer 407 causes intrahepatocytic hypoxia and upregulation of hypoxia-related responses 4. Defenestration of the LSEC seen in old age can be exacerbated by diabetes mellitus and prevented or ameliorated by caloric restriction commencing early in life
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Kleinmann, Peter. "Gingivarezessionen und kieferorthopädische Maßnahmen - Eine Literaturübersicht." Master's thesis, Dresden International University, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-179357.
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In der Literatur wird die kieferorthopädische Bewegung auch als ätiologischer Faktor für die Entstehung gingivaler Rezessionen gesehen (Dorfman 1978; Toker und Ozdemir 2009). Bereits 1942 beschäftigte sich Oppenheim mit dem Einfluss der Kieferorthopädie auf das parodontale Gewebe und stellte bereits damals fest, dass selbst bei größter Sorgfalt negative Einflüsse auf das Parodont nicht vermieden werden können (Oppenheim 1942).
Nach derzeitiger Datenlage scheint folgende Antwort gerechtfertigt zu sein. Im Zuge einer kieferorthopädischen Therapie kann es zu Rezessionen der marginalen Gingiva kommen und dies kann auch teilweise nicht verhindert werden. Die fachlich korrekt durchgeführte kieferorthopädische Therapie scheint per se kein erhöhtes Risiko für die Entstehung von Rezessionen zu sein. Dies setzt eine sorgfältige prätherapeutische Diagnostik, geeignete Kräfte und Verankerungselemente, Beibehaltung einer suffizienten Mundhygiene und die Beachtung anatomischer Limits voraus.
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Fernandes, Luis Lomelino. "From lighting performance goals to the optical characteristics of fenestration." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207697.
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Lopez, Carlos R. "Comparison of wind-driven rain test methods for residential fenestration." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025078.
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Dave, Shreya H. "Comprehensive performance metrics for Complex Fenestration Systems using a relative approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70416.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).
Buildings account for over 40% of the energy consumption in the United States, nearly 40% of which is attributed to lighting. The selection of a fenestration system for a building is a critical decision as it offsets electric lighting use as well as impacts energy performance through heating and cooling systems. Further, the fenestration system contributes to both occupant comfort and ambiance of the space. Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) address these factors with a variety of innovative technologies but the language to describe, discuss, and compare them does not exist. Existing traditional metrics for fenestration systems are unable to reveal the benefits that characterize complex fenestration systems because they are rigid, do not reflect annual performance, and were developed for a different purpose. The framework presented in this research offers a solution to this problem by using an annual climate-based methodology to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a system by incorporating three of the most relevant performance aspects: energy efficiency, occupant visual comfort, and ability to view through. Three metrics, the Relative Energy Impact (REI), the Extent of Comfortable Daylight (ECD), and the View Through Potential (VTP), were derived from these three criteria to express, in relative terms, a fagade's contribution to building energy use, comfortable daylight conditions, and the degree of transparency, respectively. Several practical matters were considered when developing a policy-relevant set of metrics, including both ease of calculation for manufacturers and usability for consumers. As such, the calculation methodology evolved from its initial proposal into a simplified approach, analytical where possible, and into a label-like concept for visual representation. These metrics are intended to exist as a mechanism by which manufacturers can evaluate and compare facade systems, provide high-level intuition of relative performance for designers and contractors, and enable the balance of performance objectives based on user preference. Ultimately, the creation of this comprehensive language is intended to stimulate innovation in fenestration systems and encourage their use in both new and retrofit building applications.
by Shreya H. Dave.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Leman, Constance. "Anévrysmes sacculaires sur fenestration du tronc basilaire : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25139.
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Dussault, Jean-Michel. "Évaluation des performances écoénergétiques des technologies de fenestration intelligente à opacité variable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29313/29313.pdf.
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Mashaly, Islam Ayman. "An evaluation method to include complex fenestration systems in the Façade design process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212982/1/Islam%20Ayman%20Kamal%20Mohamed%20Abdellatif_Mashaly_Thesis.pdf.
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This research aims to improve the passive redirecting Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) design process to be incorporated into the early building design stages. This is proposed in a framework that assists the building designer in designing new CFS suitable for buildings, which are encouraged in the early design phase. The research contributes to understanding CFS design and the effect of external and climatic parameters on the final CFS design. The research contributes to enhancing the CFS design process, enhancing the indoor environmental quality within the built environment and potentially decreasing the operational energy costs within the built space.
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Mukhopadhyay, Jaya. "Analysis of improved fenestration for code-compliant residential buildings in hot and humid climates." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4162.
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This thesis presents an analysis of energy efficient residential windows in hot and humid climates.
To accomplish this analysis, the use of accurate simulation tools such as DOE-2.1e is required, which
incorporates the results from the WINDOW-5.2 simulation program to assess accurate fenestration
performance. The thesis also investigates the use of optimal glazing types, which, for future
applications, could be specified in the code to reduce annual net energy consumption to zero.
Results show that combinations of low-E and double pane, clear-glazed windows, which are
optimally shaded according to orientation are the best solution for lowering both annual energy
consumption and peak electricity loads. The study also concludes that the method used to model
fenestration in the simulation program plays an important role in accurately determining the
effectiveness of the glazing option used. In this particular study, the use of the WINDOW-5.2 program
is highly recommended especially for high performance windows (i.e., low-E glazing). Finally, a
discussion on the incorporation of super high performance windows (i.e., super low-E, ultra low-E and
dynamic / switchable glazing) into the IECC code concludes that these types of glazing strategies can
reduce annual net energy use of the window to zero.
Future work identified by this thesis includes a more extensive examination of the passive solar
potential of high performance fenestration, and an examination of the appropriate methods for
specifying these properties in future versions of the IECC code. This implies that future specifications
for fenestration in the IECC code could aim for zero net annual energy consumption levels from
residential fenestration.
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Schnegg, Clivia [Verfasser], and Ali [Akademischer Betreuer] Dodge-Khatami. "Prospektive Evaluationsstudie einer neuen Operationstechnik : innovative Fenestration bei Fontan-Zirkulation / Clivia Schnegg. Betreuer: Ali Dodge-Khatami." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020419237/34.
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Vaz, Sergio Lins de Azevedo 1984. "Detection of periimplant fenestration and dehiscence using CBCT - an in vitro study = Diagnóstico tomográfico de fenestração e deiscência peri-implantar - estudo in vitro." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289080.
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Orientador: Francisco Haiter NetoTese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vaz_SergioLinsdeAzevedo_D.pdf: 2097588 bytes, checksum: 48e378674d749eb9b8ea2a05042e21a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O presente estudo se propôs a avaliar a influência do tamanho de voxel e giro de escaneamento na detecção tomográfica de fenestração e deiscência peri-implantar, além do uso de filtros de imagem na detecção da deiscência peri-implantar. Em fragmentos de costelas bovinas, foi criado defeitos que simulariam fenestração e deiscência peri-implantar após a instalação de 100 implantes de titânio. As imagens foram adquiridas no tomógrafo computadorizado de feixe cônico i-CAT Next Generation, empregando FOV de 8 x 8 cm e três protocolos: A- voxel de 0,2 mm, giro de escaneamento de 180°; B- voxel de 0,2 mm, giro de 360°; C- voxel de 0,12 mm, giro de 360°. Cinco filtros do programa XoranCat foram testados: Angio Sharpen High 5x5, Shadow, Sharpen 3×3, Sharpen Mild e Smooth. Três cirurgiões-dentistas radiologistas identificaram a presença ou ausência dos defeitos. Curvas ROC foram criadas e os valores de área sob a curva (Az) comparados utilizando a Análise de Variância (ANOVA), com teste post hoc de Bonferroni (alfa de 5%). O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar imagens (originais e com filtros) versus padrão ouro, bem como imagens originais versus imagens com filtros. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os valores de Az dos protocolos B e C em relação ao protocolo A (p < 0,01) para deiscência. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,01) entre as imagens originais e o filtro Shadow em relação ao padrão ouro, bem como entre todos os filtros testados em relação às imagens originais. Concluiu-se que os tamanhos de voxel testados não influenciaram no diagnóstico de ambos os defeitos, enquanto que o giro de escaneamento completo (360°) foi melhor para deiscência. Diante da maior dificuldade no diagnóstico tomográfico de deiscência peri-implantar, o uso dos filtros de imagem testados é aconselhado, com exceção do filtro Shadow
Abstract: This study set out an assessment of the effects of two voxel sizes and scan modes of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in periimplant fenestration and dehiscence detection. It also aimed to investigate whether CBCT filters would enhance the diagnosis of periimplant dehiscence. One hundred titanium implants were placed in bovine ribs in which periimplant fenestration and dehiscence were simulated. The images were acquired using the i-CAT Next Generation CBCT unit, with a FOV of 8 x 8 cm and the following protocols: A- 0.2 mm voxel size half-scan (180°); B- 0.2 mm voxel size full-scan (360°); and C- 0.12 mm voxel size full-scan (360°). Five filters of the XoranCat software were tested: Angio Sharpen High 5x5, Shadow, Sharpen 3×3, Sharpen Mild and Smooth. Three oral radiologists performed a dynamic evaluation of the presence/absence of the defects and ROC curves were created. The values of the area under the curve (Az) were compared with ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. The significance level was adopted at 5%. The McNemar test was applied to perform two comparisons in order to identify disagreements. All the enhanced and the original images were compared with the gold-standard and the original images were compared to the enhanced ones. The protocol A had significantly lower Az values than those obtained with the protocols B and C (p < 0.01) for dehiscence. The original images and the Shadow filter were statistically different from the gold-standard (p < 0.01). All the enhanced images also had statistically significant differences from the original images (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the voxel sizes did not influence in periimplant fenestration and dehiscence detection but the full-scan (360°) performed better than the half-scan for dehiscence. The use of enhancement CBCT filters for dehiscence detection is advised, with the exception of the Shadow filter
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Kimura, Juliana Sayuri. "Alveólise em incisivos decíduos traumatizados: série de casos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23132/tde-28032014-194301/.
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Traumatismo em dentes decíduos pode causar sequelas tanto na dentição decídua como permanente. Em dentes decíduos, uma destas sequelas é a alveólise. Este estudo teve como objetivos: adequar a definição do termo alveólise e sugerir sua classificação em incisivos decíduos traumatizados; verificar sua ocorrência no Centro de Pesquisa e Atendimento de Traumatismo em Dentes Decíduos da Disciplina de Odontopediatria da FOUSP e fazer análise descritiva dos tipos de alveólise com as variáveis relacionadas a criança, ao trauma e ao dente. Um examinador avaliou 2516 prontuários (fichas, radiografias e fotografias) e selecionou 64 casos. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram analisados 61 prontuários apresentando 73 incisivos superiores decíduos com alveólise. A ocorrência de alveólise foi de 2,4%, sendo 43,8% das crianças entre 4,1 a 5 anos de idade e 63% do sexo masculino. O dente mais afetado foi o incisivo central superior decíduo (89%). Após a classificação de alveólise, verificou-se ocorrência de 9,6% dos dentes com fenestração apical, 19,2% com deiscência total e 71,2% com deiscência parcial. A média de tempo decorrido entre o trauma e o diagnóstico de alveólise foi de 15 meses para fenestração apical, 23,5 meses para deiscência total e 7,5 meses para deiscência parcial. A oclusão em 57,5% das crianças no diagnóstico era normal. O traumatismo periodontal ocorreu em 86,3% dos dentes, sendo que os traumatismos do tipo luxação e luxação lateral foram os mais encontrados em: 42,8% dos dentes com fenestração apical, 35,7% com deiscência total e 57,7% com deiscência parcial. O traumatismo de alta severidade ocorreu na maioria dos dentes com alveólise (82,2%). Clinicamente, 71,2% dos dentes apresentaram padrão angular e 8,2% padrão linear. Em 21,9% dos dentes observou-se perda óssea proximal. Em 89% dos dentes não ocorreu lesões de cárie e 87,7% não tiveram trauma de repetição. O tratamento endodôntico prévio não foi realizado em 94,5% dos dentes. A necrose pulpar foi observada em todos os casos de fenestração apical e em 92,9% dos casos de deiscência total. Em 76,9% dos casos de deiscência parcial não observouse necrose. Todos os dentes com fenestração apical e 85,7% dentes com deiscência total foram extraídos. Nos casos de deiscência parcial, quase metade dos dentes (44,2%) foram acompanhados. Neste estudo, a alveólise em incisivos decíduos foi definida como patologia ósseo-gengival, caracterizada pela exposição da porção apical e/ou vestibular da raiz do decíduo na cavidade bucal, devido a reabsorção da tábua óssea vestibular, com ou sem envolvimento do osso alveolar marginal, causada por infecção periapical e/ou periodontal originada por cárie, traumatismo dentário ou pela pressão do dente no osso alveolar no momento do trauma. Alveólise pode ser classificada: fenestração apical e deiscência total ou parcial. Clinicamente pode apresentar padrões tipo linear ou angular (mesial, vestibular, distal). Radiograficamente, a perda óssea proximal pode ser classificada em horizontal ou vertical. Alveólise é uma sequela de baixa ocorrência, e o tratamento de escolha para fenestração apical e deiscência total é a exodontia e para deiscência parcial pode ser o acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico ou exodontia, dependendo da gravidade do caso.Dental trauma in primary teeth may cause sequelae in both primary and permanent dentition. One sequelae in primary teeth is alveolysis. This study aimed: to adjust the definition of alveolysis and to suggest its classification in traumatized primary incisors; to verify its occurrence at the Center of Research and Treatment of Dental Trauma in Primary Teeth of the School of Dentistry of the University of Sao Paulo and to do a descriptive analysis of the variables child, trauma and tooth related to the types of alveolysis. One examiner evaluated 2516 charts (records, radiographs and photographs) and found 64 eligible cases. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 records were analyzed. Alveolysis was found in 73 upper primary incisors. Its occurrence was 2.4% and it was mostly present in male (63%) and children aged between 4.1 to 5 years (43.8%). The primary upper central incisor was the most affected tooth (89%). After classification of alveolysis, the evaluated teeth presented: apical fenestration (9.6%), total dehiscence (19.2%) and partial dehiscence (71.2%). The meantime between trauma and diagnosis of alveolysis was 15 months for apical fenestration, 23.5 months for total dehiscence and 7.5 months for partial dehiscence. The occlusion at diagnosis was normal in 57.5% of the cases. Periodontal trauma occurred in 86.3% of teeth; luxation and lateral luxation were found in 42.8% of teeth with apical fenestration, 35.7% of teeth with complete dehiscence and 57,7% of teeth with partial dehiscence. Trauma severity was high in mostly teeth (82.2%). Clinically, it was found that 71.2% of the teeth presented angular pattern and 8.2% of the teeth presented linear pattern. Proximal bone loss was observed in 21.9% of teeth. We observed that 89% of the teeth did not presented caries and 87.7% of the teeth did not repeated trauma. The previous endodontic treatment was performed in 94.5% of the teeth. Pulp necrosis was observed in all cases of apical fenestration and in 92.9% of the cases of total dehiscence; 76.9% of the cases of partial dehiscence, pulp necrosis was not observed. All teeth with apical fenestration and 85.7% of the teeth with total dehiscence were extracted. In cases related to partial dehiscence, almost half of the teeth (44.2%) were followed up. In this study, alveolysis in primary incisors was defined as a bone-gingival pathology characterized by the exposure of the apical and/or buccal root portion in the oral cavity. The root exposure is due to the bone resorption of the buccal bone plate with or without marginal alveolar bone involvement. This resorption is caused by periapical and/or periodontal infection caused by tooth decay, dental trauma or pressure of the alveolar bone at the time of dental trauma. Alveolysis can be classified into: apical fenestration and total/partial dehiscence. Clinically, patterns such as linear or angular (mesial, buccal, distal) may be observed. Radiographically, the proximal bone loss may be classified in horizontal or vertical. Alveolysis has low incidence and the chosen treatment for apical fenestration and total dehiscence is the tooth extraction, and for partial dehiscence, the treatment can be clinical/radiographic monitoring and extraction, which depends on the case severity.
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Katsifaraki, Angelina [Verfasser], Bruno [Akademischer Betreuer] Bueno, Werner [Gutachter] Osterhaus, Bruno [Gutachter] Bueno, and Jan [Gutachter] Wienold. "Development and evaluation of a simulation-based adaptive shading control for complex fenestration systems / Angelina Katsifaraki ; Gutachter: Werner Osterhaus, Bruno Bueno, Jan Wienold ; Betreuer: Bruno Bueno." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185571507/34.
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Reis, Magda Netto dos. "Esquadrias de alumínio: análise dos critérios de escolha destes componentes em edifícios de apartamentos, padrão médio-alto, na Cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-26012012-144006/.
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Esta Tese de Doutorado é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a utilização das esquadrias de alumínio em edifícios de apartamentos, padrão médio-alto, na Cidade de São Paulo. Trata da análise dos critérios de escolha das esquadrias de alumínio para uso nas edificações categorizadas acima, considerando todas as etapas pertinentes ao processo de adoção destes componentes, incluindo: seleção dos materiais; especificação técnica; comercialização; fabricação e instalação. Paralelamente, o desenvolvimento deste trabalho permitiu analisar o inter-relacionamento entre os profissionais envolvidos na cadeia produtiva das esquadrias de alumínio, particularmente fornecedores e clientes, representados respectivamente por fabricantes de esquadrias de alumínio e construtoras. A expectativa é que o produto resultante desta Tese forneça subsídios para futuros estudos sobre os temas tratados e; principalmente, contribua para o aprimoramento de toda cadeia produtiva das esquadrias de alumínio para os edifícios residenciais de apartamentos.This Thesis is the result of a research on aluminum fenestration, used in residential apartment buildings of medium-high standard in São Paulo City. It is about the choice criterions analysis of aluminum fenestration for use in this kind of residential apartment buildings, considering all the relevant adoption process stages of these components, including: materials selection; technical specification; commercialization; fabrication and installation. In parallel, the development of this job could permit to analyses the inter-relationship between the professionals involved in the aluminum fenestration supply chain, particularly suppliers and customers, respectively represented by aluminum fenestration systems manufactures and building contractors. The expectation is that the resulting product of this Thesis could supply subsidies for future studies of the subject and, principally, could contribute for the improvement of all aluminum fenestration supply chain for residential apartment buildings.
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Rathi, Priyanka. "Optimization of Energy Efficient Windows in Office Buildings for Different Climate Zones of the United States." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334603394.
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Arruda, Karine Evangelista Martins. "Avaliação de deiscência e fenestração por meio de tomografia computadorizada volumétrica em pacientes com maloclusão de Classe I e Classe II Divisão 1." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4149.
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The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal structures have been studied in literature, especially regarding the integrity of alveolar bone and gingival health of the teeth to be displaced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of alveolar defects (dehiscence and fenestrations) in patients with Class I and Class II division 1 malocclusions and in different facial types using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The sample comprised 159 tomography exams of patients with no previous orthodontic treatment, giving a total of 4319 teeth. The presence or absence of dehiscence and fenestration in the buccal and lingual surfaces was checked in axial and crosssectional views. The results showed that 155 patients (96.9%) presented some type of alveolar defect. The Class I malocclusion patients presented higher prevalence of dehiscences (35%) than those with Class II division 1 malocclusion. There was no statistically significant difference between the facial types. Lower incisors, lower canines and lower first premolars were respectively the teeth with more occurrences of alveolar defects. This study concluded that CBCT is indicated for patients who need extensive tooth movement and have unfavorable gingival biotype.
Os efeitos do tratamento ortodôntico nas estruturas periodontais tem sido objeto de estudo da literatura, principalmente quanto à integridade óssea e saúde gengival dos dentes a serem deslocados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de defeitos alveolares (deiscências e fenestrações) em pacientes com maloclusão de Classe I e Classe II divisão 1 e em diferentes tipos faciais por meio de tomografia computadorizada volumétrica. A amostra foi composta de 159 exames tomográficos de pacientes indicados para tratamento ortodôntico, totalizando 4319 dentes avaliados. A presença ou ausência de deiscência e fenestração nas faces vestibular e lingual/palatina era observada em tomogramas axiais e transversais. Os resultados demonstraram que 155 pacientes (96,9%) apresentaram algum tipo de defeito alveolar. Os pacientes com maloclusão de Classe I apresentaram maior prevalência das deiscências (35%) em relação aos pacientes com maloclusão de Classe II divisão 1. Entre os tipos faciais não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Incisivos inferiores, caninos inferiores e primeiros pré-molares inferiores foram respectivamente os dentes com maior ocorrência dos defeitos. Este estudo concluiu que a tomografia computadorizada volumétrica está indicada nos casos de pacientes que necessitem de movimento ortodôntico mais extenso e possuam biótipo gengival desfavorável.
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Ono, Masamichi [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagl. "Clinical outcome of patients 20 years after Fontan operation : effect of fenestration on late morbidity / Masamichi Ono. Klinik für Herz-,Thorax-, Transplantations-, und Gefäßchirurgie des Zentrums Chirurgie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover. Betreuer: Christian Hagl." Hannover : Bibliothek der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101298902X/34.
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Fisher, Damien. "The influence of scleral lens parameters and fitting characteristics on corneal oedema under open and closed eye conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211357/1/Damien_Fisher_Thesis.pdf.
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Scleral lenses are large rigid contact lenses used to treat diseases that affect the front surface of the eye. This thesis examined how scleral lens fitting characteristics can be optimised to reduce corneal tissue swelling. The results provide clinical guidance for contact lens practitioners and patients worldwide.
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Мних, Антон Сергійович, Антон Сергеевич Мных, and Anton Mnyh. "Повышение энергоэффективности тепловых процессов окускования сыпучих материалов при интенсификации сегрегации в стационарных слоях." Дисертація, ЗДІА, 2016. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/823.
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RU : Диссертация посвящена комплексному решению проблемы повышения энергоэффективности окускования сыпучих материалов со снижением расхода твердого топлива за счет управления сегрегационными процессами, что позволяет стабилизировать тепловой режим обработки материала по горизонтам слоя.
Теоретическими расчетами, результатами математического моделирования, посредством полупромышленного эксперимента подтверждена возможность снижения расхода твердого топлива и повышения выхода годного при агломерации железорудных, бокситовых материалов и обжиге железорудных окатышей за счет формирования слоя подготовленного к тепловой обработке с заданными химико-гранулометрическими характеристиками.
Развиты научные основы повышения энергоэффективности процесса дробления и предложена методика расчета производительности четырехвалковой дробилки. Проведены исследования по рационализации режимов работы агрегата при измельчении коксовой мелочи и антрацитового штыба. Предложена новая схема дробления топлива с целью снижения влияния истирающих нагрузок на измельчаемый материал. Установлено влияние крупности дробленого топлива на время его выгорания.
Реализовано математическое описание тепловых процессов в стационарном слое моно- и полидисперсных материалов с учетом внутренних источников энергии. Разработана численная конечно-элементная модель теплового режима процесса окускования. Сделан вывод, что при агломерации железорудной шихты существует рациональная температура
зоны горения составляющая 1280…1340° С, и 1290…1380° С при агломерации бокситов, при которой образуется мелкопористый, легковосстановимый агломерат с достаточной прочностью.
Получили дальнейшее развитие исследования направленные на стабилизацию температурно-временного режима обжига окатышей, установлено количество тепловой энергии, необходимой для обжига окатышей различного диаметра, и требуемое время обработки. Установлена необходимость разделения классов крупности окатышей и их дифференцированной укладки по горизонтам слоя. Предложена конструкция загрузочного устройства окатышей.
Разработана методика, позволяющая в непрерывном режиме реального времени оценивать распределение фракционного состава шихты по горизонтам слоя подготовленной к спеканию. Проверено адекватность предложенной методики для условий аглофабрик различных предприятий.
Исследована динамика процесса формирования слоя сыпучего материала. Разработана методология расчета конструктивных характеристик загрузочных узлов. Синтезирован алгоритм и программное обеспечение для оптимизации структуры слоя агломерационной шихты.
Предложенные решения для условий агломерации железорудной шихты позволили сократить удельное потребление твердого топлива с 3,6…3,8 % до 3,3 % (9,81…15,14% отн.). Стабилизация теплового режима процесса спекания, позволила повысить механическую прочность и выход годного на 4,22 %. Усиление сегрегационных процессов в слое с общим сокращением содержания топлива в шихте, снижает выбросы CO на 6,55% (отн.), CO2 на 6,54% (отн.) и SO2 на 7,18% (отн).UA : Дисертація присвячена комплексному вирішенню проблеми підвищення енергоефективності згрудкування сипучих матеріалів зі зменшенням витрати твердого палива за рахунок керування сегрегаційними процесами, що дозволяє стабілізувати тепловий режим обробки матеріалу по горизонтах шару при агломерації залізорудних, бокситових матеріалів та випалу залізорудних котунів. Отримали подальшого розвитку наукові основи підвищення енергоефективності процесу подрібнення палива. Запропоновано нову схему подрібнення з метою зменшення впливу стираючих навантажень на матеріал, що подрібнюється. Реалізовано математичний опис теплових процесів у стаціонарному шарі моно- та полідисперсних матеріалів з урахуванням внутрішніх джерел енергії. Встановлено раціональну температуру зони горіння у шарі залізорудного матеріалу, яка складає 1280...1340° С й 1290…1380° С для умов агломерації бокситів, при якій утворюється дрібнопористий, легковідновлюваний агломерат з достатньою міцністю. Отримали подальшого розвитку дослідження спрямовані на стабілізацію температурно-часового режиму випалу котунів. Встановлено необхідність розділу класів крупності котунів й їх диференційованого укладання по горизонтах шару. Запропоновано конструкцію завантажувального пристрою котунів. Синтезовано алгоритм й програмне забезпечення для оптимізації структури шару агломераційної шихти. Запропоновані рішення для умов агломерації залізорудної шихти дозволили зменшити питоме споживання твердого палива з 3,6…3,8 % до 3,3 % (9,81…15,14% відн.), підвищити вихід придатного на 4,22 %, зменшити викиди CO на 6,55% (відн.), CO2 на 6,54% (відн.) й SO2 на 7,18% (відн).
EN : The dissertation focuses on the complex solution of the problem of energy efficiency of bulk materials agglomerating with consumption of solid fuel decrease by segregation processes controlling which allows to stabilize the thermal regime of granular material sintering by horizons of the layer during sintering of iron ore, bauxite materials, and firing of iron ore pellets. The scientific bases of increase of efficiency of fuel crushing process are further developed. In order to reduce the effect of erasing loads on the material, a new scheme of fuel crushing is reveal. The mathematical description of thermal processes in a stationary layer of mono - and polydisperse materials considering the internal sources of energy is implemented. The rational temperature of the combustion zone in a layer of iron ore sinter in the range 1280...1340° С and 1290…1380° С in case of sintering bauxite which improves the quality of sinter is reveal. The conducted research is aimed at stabilizing the temperature-time regime of pellet firing. The necessity of separation of size fractions of pellets and their differentiated download by the horizons of the layer is defined. The design of the loading device of the pellets is proposed. The algorithm and software for the optimization of the sinter mix structure layer is synthesized. As the result of the research, a new methodology of forming a layer structure allows to reduce the specific consumption of solid fuel from 3,6…3,8 % to 3,3 % (9,81…15,14% cond.) increase productivity by 4,22 %, reduce harmful emissions by CO at 6,55% (cond.), by CO2 at 6,54% (cond.) and SO2 at 7,18% (cond.).
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Zhu, Caixia. "Aortic valve fenestrations - a systematic review." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128731.
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Introdução. As fenestrações das válvulas aórticas são relativamente comuns, porém seu impacto nas doenças cardíacas humanas não é totalmente claro.
Métodos. Para avaliar o espetro de doenças humanas associadas às fenestrações das válvulas aórticas, realizamos uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a literatura publicada sobre este tópico nos idiomas inglês ou espanhol. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas bases de dados diferentes, Medline (PubMed) e ISI Web of Knowledge.
Resultados. Cinquenta e cinco artigos foram analisados nesta revisão sistemática. Estudos de autópsia mostraram que as fenestrações das válvulas aórticas estavam presentes em 55,9% dos indivíduos. Ocorrem mais frequentemente em homens e, geralmente, a sua frequência aumenta com a idade. Embora comuns, as fenestrações raramente causam regurgitação. No entanto, podem desempenhar um papel importante na fisiopatologia de alguns casos de insuficiência aórtica grave. Foram também descritas em doentes com síndrome de Down e síndrome de Marfan, em doentes com válvulas bicúspides ou quadricúspides, e em doentes com degeneração valvular mixomatosa. A avaliação ecocardiográfica da insuficiência aórtica apresenta limitações no diagnóstico das fenestrações valvulares.
Conclusões. As fenestrações da válvula aórtica são muito comuns e estão associadas a determinadas patologias clínicas. Atualmente, ainda é indeterminado o contributo das fenestrações para a epidemiologia atual das doenças valvulares aórticas. Para uma abordagem mais detalhada, futuras investigações deverão definir melhor o papel destas fenestrações na doença valvular aórtica, de modo a estudar melhor sua etiologia e desenvolver critérios de diagnóstico.Background. Aortic valve fenestrations (AVFs) seem to be relatively common, however their impact in human heart disease is not entirely clear. Methods. To evaluate the spectrum of human diseases associated with AVFs, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the published literature on this topic in English or Spanish languages. The search was conducted on two different databases, Medline (PubMed) and ISI Web of Knowledge. Results. Fifty-five reports were under analysis. Autopsy studies showed AVFs to be present in 55.9% of individuals. They occur more frequently in men and, in general, their frequency increases with age. Although common, fenestrations rarely cause regurgitation; however, they may play an important role in the pathophysiology of some cases of severe aortic regurgitation. AVFs have been described in patients with Down syndrome and Marfan syndrome, in patients with bicuspid or quadricuspid valves, and in patients with myxomatous valvular degeneration. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation seems to have limitations in the diagnosis of valvular fenestrations. Conclusions. Fenestrations of the aortic valve are very common and are associated with certain clinical conditions. It is unknown if AVFs play any role in the current epidemic of aortic valve disease. Future studies should aim to better define the role of AVFs in aortic valve disease, to further understand its etiology and to develop diagnostic criteria.
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Zhu, Caixia. "Aortic valve fenestrations - a systematic review." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128731.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução. As fenestrações das válvulas aórticas são relativamente comuns, porém seu impacto nas doenças cardíacas humanas não é totalmente claro.
Métodos. Para avaliar o espetro de doenças humanas associadas às fenestrações das válvulas aórticas, realizamos uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a literatura publicada sobre este tópico nos idiomas inglês ou espanhol. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas bases de dados diferentes, Medline (PubMed) e ISI Web of Knowledge.
Resultados. Cinquenta e cinco artigos foram analisados nesta revisão sistemática. Estudos de autópsia mostraram que as fenestrações das válvulas aórticas estavam presentes em 55,9% dos indivíduos. Ocorrem mais frequentemente em homens e, geralmente, a sua frequência aumenta com a idade. Embora comuns, as fenestrações raramente causam regurgitação. No entanto, podem desempenhar um papel importante na fisiopatologia de alguns casos de insuficiência aórtica grave. Foram também descritas em doentes com síndrome de Down e síndrome de Marfan, em doentes com válvulas bicúspides ou quadricúspides, e em doentes com degeneração valvular mixomatosa. A avaliação ecocardiográfica da insuficiência aórtica apresenta limitações no diagnóstico das fenestrações valvulares.
Conclusões. As fenestrações da válvula aórtica são muito comuns e estão associadas a determinadas patologias clínicas. Atualmente, ainda é indeterminado o contributo das fenestrações para a epidemiologia atual das doenças valvulares aórticas. Para uma abordagem mais detalhada, futuras investigações deverão definir melhor o papel destas fenestrações na doença valvular aórtica, de modo a estudar melhor sua etiologia e desenvolver critérios de diagnóstico.Background. Aortic valve fenestrations (AVFs) seem to be relatively common, however their impact in human heart disease is not entirely clear. Methods. To evaluate the spectrum of human diseases associated with AVFs, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the published literature on this topic in English or Spanish languages. The search was conducted on two different databases, Medline (PubMed) and ISI Web of Knowledge. Results. Fifty-five reports were under analysis. Autopsy studies showed AVFs to be present in 55.9% of individuals. They occur more frequently in men and, in general, their frequency increases with age. Although common, fenestrations rarely cause regurgitation; however, they may play an important role in the pathophysiology of some cases of severe aortic regurgitation. AVFs have been described in patients with Down syndrome and Marfan syndrome, in patients with bicuspid or quadricuspid valves, and in patients with myxomatous valvular degeneration. Echocardiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation seems to have limitations in the diagnosis of valvular fenestrations. Conclusions. Fenestrations of the aortic valve are very common and are associated with certain clinical conditions. It is unknown if AVFs play any role in the current epidemic of aortic valve disease. Future studies should aim to better define the role of AVFs in aortic valve disease, to further understand its etiology and to develop diagnostic criteria.
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Grapensparr, Liza Estelle. "Development of endothelial fenestrations on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells." Thesis, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204872.
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Koutras, Sandra. "Prevalence and characterization of alveolar dehiscences and fenestrations seen in a sample of South African human skulls." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19967.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Dentistry
Johannesburg, 2015Background: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the prevalence, distribution and characteristics of dehiscences and fenestrations in skulls of a South African population and to discover if there is a link between their presence and specific characteristics. Methods and materials: A sample of 333 skulls with both jaws and a partial or complete dentition whose sex, age and ethnicity was known, were obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human skeletons in the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, dating from 1980 to 2014. The size and distribution of these defects was measured. Fenestrations were further classified according to their location. The position of the affected teeth in the arch and the size of these teeth in relation to the width of the jaw were also recorded. Results: A total of 770 alveolar defects were recorded. Of those, 579 were fenestrations 63.2% in the maxilla; 36.7% in the mandible and 191 dehiscences 72.8% in the mandible and 27.2% in the maxilla. The total number of defects in the maxilla (418) exceeded that of the mandible (352). In the maxilla, the teeth most commonly associated with both dehiscences and fenestrations were the first molars (39.2%) and canines (29.9%). In the mandible, the canines (34.9%) and the first premolars (28.8%) were the most commonly affected teeth. There was a higher proportion of fenestrations as opposed to dehiscences present in all teeth except the canines where dehiscences predominated. Conclusion: Gender, age and population had no influence on the defects observed in the samples. The number of teeth was the only factor significantly associated with the presence or absence of one or more alveolar defects.
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Rogalsky, Christine Jane. "Application of a Network Model for Complex Fenestration Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6211.
Full textAbstract:
In the fight to reduce carbon emissions, it is easy to see the necessity of reducing energy consumption. Buildings consume a large amount of energy, and have significant potential for energy savings. One tool for realising these potential savings is building simulation. To be able to use building simulation, accurate models for windows are needed. The models include individual layer models, to determine the solar and longwave radiative behaviours,
as well as whole-system models to determine heat flows through the various layers of
fenestration systems.
This thesis looks at both kinds of models for incorporating windows into building
simulations. A new network whole-system model is implemented, and integrated into the
California Simulation Engine building simulation software. This model is also used as the calculation engine for a stand-alone rating tool. Additionally, a measurement technique used to measure off-normal solar properties of drapery materials, as part of developing shading layer models, is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The network model uses a very general resistance network, allowing heat transfer between any two layers in a complex fenestration system (CFS), whether they are adjacent or not, between any layer and the indoor or outdoor side, or between the indoor and outdoor sides, although this last case is unlikely. Convective and radiative heat transfer are treated using the same format, resulting in increased stability. This general resistance network is
used to calculate indices of merit for the CFS using numerical experiments. This approach requires fewer iterations to solve than previous solution methods, and is more
flexible.
The off-normal measurement technique which was investigated used a sample holder
inserted into an integrating sphere. This is a non-standard way of using an integrating
sphere, and early analyses did not provide conclusive information as to the effect of the sample holder. A Monte Carlo analysis confirmed the amount of beam attenuation as being 20% for the sample holder used in the experiments. Also con firmed was the effectiveness of dual-beam integrating spheres in correcting for the presence of a sample holder.
The stand-alone rating tool which uses the general network framework, incorporates
an easy-to-use visual interface. This tool models multiple types of shading layers with
no restrictions on how they are combined. Users can easily change any one layer to see
the effects of different arrangements. Users may specify any combination of indoor and
outdoor ambient and mean radiant temperatures, insolation, and beam/diffuse split.
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Luo, Ying-Sheng, and 羅應陞. "Intuitive and Easily-Installed Fenestration and Light Control Framework." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36934j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
106
Good interior illumination can let residents and audience feel bright and comfortable. Introducing daylighting can make residents connect with time and environments but inadequate daylight guiding may result in daylighting glare. Nowadays, commercially available daylighting controllers using “spot measurement” cannot measure luminance distribution. Furthermore, predicting the lighting of a shot under controlled parameters using physically-based light transportation takes minutes to hours. This makes it impossible for real-time prediction and control. Traditionally, architects properly introduce daylights for perceptual comfort and energy conservation with a complex sensor-feedback control algorithm required precise placement of various sensors. This work develops an intuitive and easily-installed one-step blind and light control framework which formulates illumination level, lighting distribution, and energy consumption as cost functions while real-time evaluating control-affected lighting using shadow mapping sun radiance reconstruction, visibility-convolved spherical harmonic sky lighting, and precomputed interior lighting. Our system can directly select the optimal control states using mesh adaptive direct searching while having the states of the previous period as initials for temporal control coherence to minimize mechanical adjustment and adapting discomfort. While testing on architect-recommended scenes and target surfaces with captured daylights and sun-window movements, our framework can automatically and optimally select blinds' and lights' states after easily and intuitively setting the environment, control states, and target surfaces and view points.
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Chantrasrisalai, Chanvit. "Optical and thermal fenestration models for building cooling load calculations." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2195.pdf.
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Wilson, Barry Allan. "Experimental measurement of radiation heat transfer from complex fenestration systems." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2267.pdf.
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Kumar, Sneh. "Investigation of 3-d Heat Transfer Effects in Fenestration Products." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/519.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
INVESTIGATION OF 3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS IN FENESTRATION PRODUCTS
SEPTEMBER 2010
SNEH KUMAR
B. TECH., INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI INDIA
M.S.M.E., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
DIRECTED BY: D. CHARLIE CURCIJA
Buildings in USA consume close to 40% of overall energy used and fenestration products (e.g. windows, doors, glazed-wall etc.) are the largest components of energy loss from buildings. Accurate evaluation of thermal performances of fenestration systems is critical in predicting the overall building energy use, and improving the product performance. Typically, two-dimensional (2-D) heat transfer analysis is used to evaluate their thermal performance as the 3-D analysis is highly complex process requiring significantly more time, effort, and cost compared to 2-D analysis. Another method of evaluation e.g. physical test in a hotbox is not possible for each product as they are too expensive. Heat transfer in fenestration products is a 3-D process and their effects on overall heat transfer need to be investigated. This thesis investigated 3-D heat transfer effects in fenestration systems in comparison to the 2-D results. No significant work has been done previously in terms of 3-D modeling of windows, which included all the three forms of heat transfer e.g. conduction, convection and radiation.
Detailed 2-D and 3-D results were obtained for broad range of fenestration products in the market with a range of frame materials, spacers, insulated glass units (IGU), and sizes. All 2-D results were obtained with Therm5/Window5 (e.g. currently standard method of evaluating thermal performance) and GAMBIT/FLUENT while all 3-D results were obtained with GAMBIT/FLUENT. All the three modes of heat transfer mechanism were incorporated in the heat transfer modeling.
The study showed that the overall 3-D heat transfer effects are relatively small (less than 3%) for present day framing and glazing systems. Though at individual component level (e.g. sill, head, Jamb) 3-D effects were quite significant (~10%) but they are cancelled by their opposite sign of variation when overall fenestration system effect is calculated. These 3-D heat transfer effects are higher for low conducting or more energy efficient glazing and framing systems and for smaller size products. The spacer systems did not have much impact on the 3-D effects on heat transfer.
As the market transforms towards more insulating and higher performance fenestration products, 3-D effects on heat transfer would be an important factor to consider which it may require correlations to be applied to 2-D models, or may necessitate the development of dedicated 3-D fenestration heat transfer computer programs.
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Curcija, Dragan. "Three-dimensional finite element model of overall, nighttime heat transfer through fenestration systems." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9219423.
Full textAbstract:
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional heat transfer through fenestration systems, subject to design (winter, night time) conditions, was numerically modeled in this dissertation. The numerical modeling was divided into two major parts: (A) numerical modeling of the two-dimensional convective heat transfer on external fenestration boundaries (indoor and outdoor); and (B) numerical modeling of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional heat transfer in fenestration systems consisting of an insulating glazing unit (IGU) and frame. Two-dimensional laminar natural convection over an indoor fenestration surface was numerically simulated in order to obtain more realistic convective heat transfer coefficient for use as a indoor convective boundary condition in the fenestration system modeling. Two-dimensional laminar perpendicular forced convection over an outdoor fenestration surface was also numerically modeled in order to obtain more realistic convective heat transfer coefficient to be used as an outdoor convective boundary condition from the numerical model of the fenestration system. 2-D numerical modeling of the combined convective and radiative heat transfer in a glazing cavity, occurring simultaneously with conduction heat transfer in the solid sections of fenestration system (i.e. glazing panes, wood frame, sealant and spacer), were performed for several different sets of external (indoor and outdoor) boundary conditions. One set of boundary conditions was the variable convective heat transfer coefficients obtained from the modeling work done on the indoor and outdoor flows. Two prototype window designs were developed for the purpose of this study. Local heat flux distributions and temperature distribution results are presented for the two prototype windows, for different sets of external boundary conditions. U-values were calculated for the different regions of IGU (edge of glass region and center of glass region) and the frame and compared to available numerical and experimental results. Three-dimensional heat transfer, including combined convective and radiative heat transfer in the glazing cavity, was simulated for the Prototype No. 2 window. Comparisons were made with the results of two-dimensional numerical modeling and corrections for existing two-dimensional models are recommended.
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Zhao, Yie. "Investigation of heat transfer performance in fenestration system based on finite element methods." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9823795.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, two-dimensional heat transfer through fenestration systems will be numerically modeled and analyzed. The numerical investigation consists of three major parts: (1) New heat transfer correlations for two-dimensional convective heat transfer across the rectangular cavities of Insulated Glazing Units (IGU's); (2) The instability of two-dimension natural convection in rectangular cavities of IGU's; (3) Two-dimensional condensation resistance investigation for IGU's of fenestration system. Laminar natural convection models will be developed for both part 1 and 2 studies. The imposed boundary conditions are constant temperatures at the side walls and zero heat flux at the top and bottom surfaces. For the purpose of evaluating window thermal performance, a new set of convective heat transfer correlations is to be developed as functions of both aspect ratios and Rayleigh numbers based on the numerical calculations. Since the instability generally results in higher heat transfer rates across the window cavities as well as complex temperature distributions on window surfaces. Therefore the instability regime definition becomes essential, and based on the resulting regime definition more accurate heat transfer results as well as the local temperature distributions can be resolved. A set of detailed convective, radiative and conductive heat transfer numerical models will be developed in the condensation resistance investigation for several different sets of boundary conditions. One set of boundary conditions is variable surface heat transfer coefficients on the indoor and outdoor glass surfaces. Seven IGU's will modeled and analyzed for this study. Comparisons is to be made between the numerical calculations in this studies and the available experimental and numerical results done by other researchers.
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Power, Joseph Patrick. "Finite element model of turbulent flow and heat transfer in a fenestration system." 1999. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9950204.
Full textAbstract:
There have been a number of analytical studies made for predicting heat transfer in high aspect ratio (cavity height to width) glazing cavities, but very few studies have been performed for situations where the flow in the cavity is turbulent. For high aspect ratio (A) glazing cavities, buoyancy driven turbulent flow will occur at moderate Rayleigh Numbers ([special characters omitted]). The presence of turbulence in the glazing cavity can have a significant effect on the cavity flow pattern and heat transfer rate. In the present study, two-dimensional laminar and turbulent natural convection heat transfer of air in high aspect ratio rectangular cavities was analyzed using a finite element turbulent computational fluid dynamic solution method. The numerical analysis includes the effects of laminar and turbulent natural convection and radiation heat transfer within the cavity. The testing was performed in a calibrated Hot Box at winter night-time conditions following ASTM C1199 and C976, and ISO/DIS 12567 Fenestration Test Standards conditions. The fenestration systems studied were prototype casement windows designated as prototype fenestration models 1 (PFM01) and 2 (PFM02), and an argon filled double gazing unit studied in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 18, Project B14. Comparisons of the laminar- and turbulent heat transfer calculation results are made with the experimental results. The laminar and turbulent heat transfer model calculated results showed good agreement with the experimental results for cavity flows in the transitional region between the laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Two-dimensional laminar natural convection heat transfer of air in a rectangular cavity is numerically calculated. The laminar flow numerical calculations were performed for aspect ratios of A = 20, 30, 40, 50, and 74 and a Rayleigh number range that extends into the turbulent flow regime. The laminar flow calculations will be compared to similar calculations on turbulent flow and provide some insight into the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Two-dimensional turbulent natural convection of air in a rectangular cavity is numerically calculated and compared to experimental data. The numerical calculations were performed for aspect ratios of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 80 and a Rayleigh number range that extends into the fully turbulent regime. The turbulent flow calculations are used as a basis for a numerical heat transfer correlation for turbulent cavity flow.
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Yuan, Shanzhong. "Experimental and analytical heat transfer analyses for a calibrated hot box and fenestration systems." 2001. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3027279.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, Calibrated Hot Box measurements on two different types of fenestration systems (one window and one glazing unit) are presented. The research program included: renovation of the University of Massachusetts Hot Box test facility, an analysis of measurement uncertainty, experimental refinements to the test method ruggedness', calibration of the extraneous heat transfer of the Hot Box, and a numerical analysis of the two-dimensional heat transfer in the Hot Box. The finite element method was also used to analyze the heat transfer (thermal transmittance) for each of the fenestration systems tested. These analytical results are then compared with experimental results obtained from Hot Box measurements. Renovation consistent with existing ASTM standards aimed at improving the precision of test method with the University of Massachusetts Calibrated Hot Box test facility were conducted and documented. The uncertainty of the Hot Box measurement results was estimated from an uncertainty analysis of the thermal transmittance. Ruggedness experiments consistent with ASTM test method E 1169–89 (1999) were performed, and results enabled the researcher to refine the hot box measurement methodology and reduce the variability of the measurements. Finally, hot box calibration experiments were designed and performed in order to account for the various heat transfer losses in the hot box so that the more accurate measurements of the net heat transfer through a fenestration system may be produced. Using a finite element method, two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical heat transfer analyses of the calibrated hot box and fenestration systems were conducted. These analyses were compared with the experimental calibration results. These included two- and three-dimensional numerical heat transfer analyses of the metering chamber extraneous heat transfer, and the specimen flanking heat transfer. Analytical heat transfer results with combined conduction, convection and radiation effects were compared with experimental results. The heat transfer through two different fenestration products (a glazing unit and a PVC framed window with three glazing units) was investigated. The results are compared with the experimental results on these products using the ASTM C 1199-97 (2000) standard test method for determining the thermal transmittance (U-factor) and the ISO/DIS 12567 (1999) window thermal testing standard.
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Joong, Kenneth. "Implementation of Roller Blind, Pleated Drape and Insect Screen Models into the CFC Module of the ESP-r Building Energy Simulation Tool." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6199.
Full textAbstract:
The concern of increasing energy consumption with depleting energy resources is ever growing. Though the solution to this problem lies in part in renewable energies, it is becoming increasingly clear that sustainable building design also plays a critical role. Controlling solar gain, for example, can greatly reduce the cooling energy consumption and lowering the peak cooling load. Having the ability to model these effects can have a substantial impact on the sizing of equipment and further reduce operational costs of a building. As a result, renewed interest has been invested by researchers and industry to promote the development and use of building simulation tools to aid in the design process.
Efforts at the University of Waterloo’s Advanced Glazing Systems Laboratory have resulted in a set of shading device models, with emphasis on generality and computational efficiency, tailored for use in building simulation. These models have been validated with measurements at the component level and with measurements performed at the National Solar Test Facility (NSTF) on a full scale window system, giving confidence to model validity. Continued research has resulted in the integration of these shading device models into ESP-r via the Complex Fenestration Construction (CFC) module, capable of modelling multi-layer glazing and shading layer systems and greatly improving the value of ESP-r as a design tool.
The objective of the current research was to implement shading device models for roller blinds, pleated drapes and insect screens to the CFC module. These would be in addition to the venetian blind model which had previously been established. A Monte-Carlo ray tracing analysis of pleated drape geometry and incident angle dependent fabric characteristics gave further confidence to the view factor or net reduction method used by the implemented models. On model implementation, a preliminary comparison was performed between a high-slat angle venetian blind, a roller drape and drapery fabric, all given the same material properties, with similar results. Further comparison was then performed using EnergyPlus shading device models to establish further confidence in the functionality of the models. Though there was some discrepancy between the results, primarily due to convective models, good agreement was found, and the effect of the shading device models on building performance was demonstrated.
The successful implementation of roller blind, pleated drape and insect screen shading models to the CFC module in ESP-r has been demonstrated in the current research. It should also be noted that the convective models for indoor shading attachments is a worthwhile topic for further research, at which point it would then be beneficial to conduct further empirical validation on the ESP-r simulation.
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Kotey, Nathan Amon. "Measurements and Models Related to Solar Optics in Windows with Shading Devices." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4309.
Full textAbstract:
Shading devices have the potential to reduce peak cooling load and annual energy consumption because they can be used to control solar gain. Thus, the need to model shading devices in a glazing system analysis is important.
This thesis deals with various measurement techniques and model development related to solar optics in windows with shading devices. It also considers longwave radiative properties of shading devices via model development and experimentation. The different shading devices examined were roller blinds, insect screens, pleated drapes and venetian blinds.
The energy performance of windows with shading devices was modeled using a two step procedure. Solar radiation was considered in the first step by developing a multi-layer solar optical model for glazing/shading systems. This newly developed model is an extension of an existing model for systems of specular glazing layers and includes the effect of layers that create scattered, specifically diffuse, radiation in reflection and/or transmission. Spatially-averaged (effective) optical properties were used to characterise shading layers, including their beam-diffuse split. The multi-layer solar optical model estimates the system solar transmission and absorbed solar components. The absorbed solar components appear as energy source terms in the second step – the heat transfer analysis. The heat transfer analysis involves the formulation of energy balance equations and requires both effective longwave properties and convective heat transfer coefficients as input. The simultaneous solution of the energy balance equations yields the temperature as well as the convective and radiative fluxes.
The effective solar optical properties of flat materials like drapery fabrics, roller blinds and insect screens were obtained by developing a new measurement technique. Special sample holders were designed and fabricated to facilitate measurements using an integrating sphere installed in a commercially available spectrophotometer. Semi-empirical models were then developed to quantify the variation of solar optical properties with respect to incidence angle. In turn, effective layer properties of venetian blinds and pleated drapes were modeled using a more fundamental net radiation scheme.
The effective longwave properties of flat materials were obtained by taking measurements with an infrared reflectometer using two backing surfaces. The results enabled simple models to be developed relating emittance and longwave transmittance to openness, emittance and longwave transmittance of the structure. In turn, effective longwave properties of venetian blinds and pleated drapes were modeled using a net radiation scheme. Convective heat transfer correlations were readily available.
Finally, the newly developed models were validated by measuring the solar gain through various shading devices attached to a double glazed window using the National Solar Test Facility (NSTF) solar simulator and solar calorimeter. Solar gain results were also obtained from simulation software that incorporated the models. There was good agreement between the measured and the simulated results thus strengthening confidence in the newly developed models.
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Lin, Yi-Chun, and 林怡君. "Association between smoking and levels of high-mobility group box-1 and long-term evaluation of using guided tissue regeneration to treat large apical lesions with mucosal fenestration." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19497466427247775148.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立陽明大學
牙醫學系
105
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a role in inflammatory disorders. Periodontal disease is a periodontal tissue inflammatory disease. Smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontal disease. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), a common periodontal surgery, can promote periodontal tissue regeneration. The outcome of the apical surgery of large apical lesion is unpredictable. The purposes of the thesis were: [1] to evaluate the association between smoking and levels of HMGB1 in periodontitis; and [2] to evaluate the long-term outcome of using GTR to treat large apical lesions with mucosal fenestration. Non-smokers and smokers with chronic periodontitis, and periodontally healthy non-smokers were examined in the HMGB1 study. Levels of HMGB1 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues were analyzed. The results showed that levels of HMGB1 in GCF were statistically significantly lower in chronic periodontitis smokers than chronic periodontitis non-smokers. Levels of HMGB1 of chronic periodontitis non-smokers were higher than periodontally healthy non-smokers. Levels of HMGB1 were positively correlated with periodontal parameters of non-smokers. However, no significant correlation was found between levels of HMGB1 and all periodontal parameters examined in chronic periodontitis smokers. In gingival tissues, HMGB1 was localized mainly in the nuclei of the epithelial cells in periodontally healthy non-smokers. HMGB1 was localized in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and stained more evidently in gingival tissues of non-smokers and smokers with chronic periodontitis than periodontally healthy non-smokers. In the study of large apical lesions with mucosal fenestrations, long-term outcomes of GTR therapy alone and GTR combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) were evaluated. The cases of GTR combined with CTG showed complete soft tissue coverage, whereas 2 of the 3 cases of GTR alone management showed incompletely healing and further soft tissue management was required. After long-term follow-up, all cases showed complete soft tissue and bone healing. Chronic periodontitis non-smokers had elevated levels of HMGB1 in GCF than periodontally healthy non-smokers. Moreover, levels of HMGB1 were correlated with severity of periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis smokers exhibited lower levels of HMGB1 than chronic periodontitis non-smokers. Further research is needed for understanding the interaction of HMGB1 and smoking involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Moreover, GTR therapy in the treatment of a large apical bony defect with mucosal fenestration could achieve long-term stable outcomes. Furthermore, GTR in combination with CTG could ensure predictable soft tissue healing and bone regeneration.