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Academic literature on the topic 'Fender'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fender"

1

Djamaluddin, Fauzan, Fauziah Mat, Zulfhis Sarah, Masniezam Ahmad, and Ilyas Renreng. "Analysis of energy absorption of aluminium foam fenders under axial loads." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2051, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012038.

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Abstract In shipping, a fender is a bumper that is used to reduce collisions that occur when the ship is about to dock or when the ship is moored by waves or currents in the port. To be able to damp, fenders should demonstrate high energy absorption and low reaction force. Therefore, fenders are generally made of rubber, elastomeric foam, or plastic. In this research, we aim to examine the effect of aluminium foam as one of fender components and to measure if the foam works for damping and allow fender to reduce force. It can be an innovation for fender design because the use of aluminium means a possibility in extending the fender life, minimize replacement and maintenance costs. This research examines 4 variations of the cross-section of the fenders to which aluminium foam have been added. Fender testing is done by conducting crashworthiness and impact tests of the developed fender model by employing Abaqus software. Based on the simulation result, aluminium foam shows a significant role in reducing the pressure generated by the load through the high energy absorption of the aluminium foam using finite element analysis. In conclusion, the foam filled fenders exhibit constant stress which can absorb higher energy levels than that of the empty fenders.

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Tun, Zin Zin, Anat Ruangrassamee, and Qudeer Hussain. "Mitigation of Tsunami Debris Impact on Reinforced Concrete Buildings by Fender Structures." Buildings 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010066.

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Buildings located in coastal regions are prone to tsunami dangers, which often carry debris in the form of shipping containers and boats. This paper presents an approach for the design of fender structures to minimize debris impacts on buildings. The impact of shipping containers, which are categorized as large debris, is considered in the study. Since the weights of shipping containers are standardized, the impact energy can be related to other debris. For a fender structure, cone-type rubber fenders are used to resist the impact of the shipping container. Various fender reactions are considered as parameters to study the efficiency of the fenders. The displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis is carried out to determine the building capacity. The energy approach for shipping container impact is used to evaluate the resistance of the building. Capacity curves, energy absorptions, inter-story drift ratios of the buildings with and without a fender structure, and the efficiency of the fender are presented. The buildings with a fender structure can absorb the energy from the impact of a loaded shipping container. Conversely, the building without a fender structure cannot resist the impact of a loaded shipping container. From the obtained results, a recommendation is given for buildings with a fender structure. The hydrodynamic force on the fender structure is transferred to the main building through the fender. Hence, the yield force of the fenders affects the performance of the main building that must be considered in the design.

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Supriyatna, Ahmad, Sahat Martua Sihombing, and Achmad Pahrul Rodji. "ANALISIS PENINGKATAN DERMAGA PADA PT BERLIAN MANYAR SEJAHTERA SURABAYA." Jurnal Sipil Krisna 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.61488/sipilkrisna.v8i1.160.

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The fender functions as a cushion that is placed in front of the pier, so that the fender can withstand the pierstructure from impact when the ship is maneuvering to lean on the pier. Ships docked at the pier still have speedeither driven by their own engines or pulled by tugboats. To avoid damage to ships and docks due to collisions, abearing or fender is installed in front of the dock which functions to absorb the impact energy. The amount ofimpact energy caused by the ship docking to the dock can be obtained by determining the block coefficient on theship, the ship mass coefficient, the ship's eccentricity coefficient to the dock, and the ship's docking speed in aperpendicular direction. The force transmitted to the pier depends on the type of fender and the allowabledeflection of the fender. When the ship hits the fender, the fender will deflect and transmit the impact force to thepier structure. Fender planning is determined based on the energy absorbed due to ship collision. The purpose ofthis study is to find out how to calculate the size of the pier required for one ship loading and unloading at thePort of PT. Berlian Manyar Sejahtear; knowing the size and strength of the required number of fenders at thePort of PT. Berlian Manyar Sejahtera; find out the number of fenders that will be used in upgrading the PT.Berlian Manyar Sejahtera. The research stages or steps of the research methodology begin with conducting a preliminary study or literature which includes literature study and data identification. The existing length of thepier is 200 meters, it will be increased by 50 meters so that the total length of the pier is 250 meters. The resultsof the analysis using 2 examples of ships docked at the PT. Berlian Manyar Sejahtera The length of the pier neededto serve the ships that dock is 226.8 meters. In the planning of PT. Berlian Manyar Sejahtera uses 1200 SCH or1200 SPC cone type fenders with an impact energy of 0.62 tm. The results of the analysis used a 1300 SPC conetype fender with an impact energy of 0.68 tm. Cone type fenders have a "Pad" which is a protector against thefender rubber itself, so in the event of a ship collision that is stronger than planned, the protector will protect thefender rubber and the dock structure. The results of the analysis using a ship weighing 56.545 tons can be usedwith a cell fender type with dimensions OD x ID = 380 x 190 which has an absorption energy of 1.20 tm. Theforce absorbed by the fender is 16.72 tons. For type V fenders, the KVF 200 HCA type is used which has anabsorbed energy value of 1.0 tm and a forward force of 15.35 tm with a deflection of 45%. The number of fendersused for ships weighing 33,193 tons is 19.3 units and for ships weighing 56,545 tons is 20.6 units, so for a totalpier length of 250 meters, the number of fenders used is 22.7 units rounded up to 23 units.

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Tarigan, Baginta Veron, Rima Gusriana Harahap, and Destyariani Liana Putri. "Planning Study of Fender Spacing at Semayang Port based on PIANC." Indonesian Journal of Maritime Technology 1, no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35718/ismatech.v1i2.896.

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Fender is one of the facilities whose role is very important for a dock. With the availability of a fender that can help absorb the energy of the ship's collision with the dock and can reduce the risk of damage to the dock structure and the ship's body. In the case found at Semayang Port Balikpapan, the fender is damaged due to the difference in the dock level with the docked ship. The position of the ship at the highest tide exceeds the limit set on the fender so that there is a difference that makes the fender work not optimally. The purpose of this research is to plan a fender system that is integrated into the dock structure. The method in this research is the finite element method with data processing and collecting primary data by making direct field observations. While secondary data in the form of ship data, wind, currents, and tides are obtained through the BMKG website and related agencies. The selection of the fender system is based on the calculation of the ship's impact energy on the Semayang Balikpapan pier. So that the results of the calculation of impact energy on the Fender amounted to 1844 kNm and obtained the type of fender, namely SCN 800 at 22 m for each fender with many 8 fenders.

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Tan, Chung-Ming, and Mau-Yiu Chang. "Finite Element Analysis of Cylindrical Rubber Fender." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820702008.

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This research is to develop a methodology to optimize the performance of fenders using finite element analysis. The design of fender geometry is done using software SolidWorks. Simulation is one of several add-in tools in SolidWorks. The finite element analysis of the performance of the fender designed is then evaluated by simulation tool in SolidWorks. This study also shows the potential applications of computer aided engineering and its benefits in verifying and reinventing various fenders design.

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Shen, Ming-Yuan, Yung-Chuan Chiou, Chung-Ming Tan, Chia-Chin Wu, and Wei-Jen Chen. "Effect of Wall Thickness on Stress–Strain Response and Buckling Behavior of Hollow-Cylinder Rubber Fenders." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051170.

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In this study, the effect of wall thickness (15–25 mm) on the stress–strain response of hollow-cylinder rubber fenders were investigated by conducting monotonic compression tests. It was found that a progressive increase in lateral bending deformation was observed during monotonic compression. Simultaneously, the extent of the lateral deflection decreased notably with an increasing wall thickness. From the experimental results, the fact is accepted that buckling occurred in the tested fender due to the fact that the ratio of the height to the wall thickness was higher than four in all of the considered cases. Moreover, an s-shape profile appeared in the stress–strain curves, which became clearer as the wall thickness was reduced from 25 to 15 mm. To assess the performance of fenders objectively, an energy-effectiveness index, C E R , was introduced to quantify the energy absorption capacity of the fender. From the experimental observations, it was inferred that the contact area of the folded inner surface of the fender produced under compression generated an additional reaction force and affected the shape of the stress–strain curve since the measured load consisted of two reaction forces: one caused by the self-contact area, and the other resulted from the compression-bending deformation that occurred in the side wall of the fender. To examine this assertion, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted and confirmed the effect of the reaction force on the sensitivity of the s-shape characteristic of the stress–strain curve. Finally, a polynomial regression was conducted and the calculated results based on the fourth-degree stress polynomial function correlated very well with the measured stress–strain curves.

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Tuleja, Joanna, Katarzyna Kędzierska, Mariusz Sowa, and Przemysław Galor. "Evaluation of the Possibility of Increasing the Energy Absorption Efficiency of Fender Devices Using the Example of Cylindrical Fenders with Additional Structural Elements Applied." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031165.

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The providers of transport services in ports must ensure there is adequate protection of the quays against the hulls of vessels. Highly elastic fenders mounted on the wharfs or on the hulls of vessels are used to absorb the energy of an impact. The structure of the fender, and the highly elastic material used to make it, are designed to ensure the highest possible absorption energy with minimized reaction force. In this work, the efficiency of energy absorption by cylindrical fenders into which additional structural elements were introduced in the form of holes of various diameters, was determined numerically using the finite element method. It was found that the features of such structural elements affect the efficiency of their energy absorption. In order to confirm the accuracy of the numerical calculations, they were verified based on experimental determination of the functional parameters of the cylindrical fenders. The reaction force and absorption energy values determined numerically and experimentally for the cylindrical fender were shown to be consistent. The verified numerical calculation methodology was used to evaluate the energy absorption efficiency and the reaction force in cylindrical fenders with additional structural elements.

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Danilov, O. O. "Features of fender protection application on uncrewed port tugs." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 15, no. 3 (July 30, 2023): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-3-416-425.

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In this paper, the variants of the fender protection of traditional port tugs and the possibility of using this protection on unmanned vessels of such type are considered; the main elements of such protection are investigated. At present, the technical level of mechanisms, instruments and software allows creating unmanned and crewless vessels. One of the promising directions in the development of such vessels is port tugs, since having relatively large river and sea vessels they perform production tasks in the port water area and approaches to it. An integral part of the work of a port barthing tug or escort tug is bulks and approaches in tight to the towed object or vessel. The combination of a small size, the nature of the tasks performed and the widespread use of such vessels is one of the positive factors for the introduction of unmanned technologies on these vessels. There is a wealth of experience in equipping traditional port tugs with different types of fender protection, which is advisable to use to determine the equipment of unmanned vessels. The fender protection must be installed depending on the conditions in which production tasks will be performed, in addition, high operational requirements must be imposed on the fenders, due to the absence of people on board who can fix the separation of the protection and take measures to replace it in a timely manner. These conditions may depend on the types of production tasks that an unmanned port tug will perform. For example, the mooring of a bulk carrier and a tanker has some features, and entails the need to change the fender protection. Also, the various designs of the fender protection elements currently used on port tugs are analyzed in the paper. It allows structuring the main features when choosing a fender protection for an unmanned port tug, such as the towing method, the size of the tug, the size of the contact spot and other conditions.

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Jenny and Richard Shattock. "Fender fungus." Field Mycology 7, no. 3 (July 2006): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60474-4.

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MORI, KAZUO. "Rubber Fender." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 69, no. 6 (1996): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.69.407.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fender"

1

Ofoegbu, James Nwachukwu. "Fender system behavior in random seas." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3028.

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Girija, Sasidharan Pillai Harish. "Analysis of coupled body mooring and fender system." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2608.

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The hydrodynamic excitation and response behavior of multi-body systems with varying degrees of coupling presents many challenges for designers of offshore structures. In this study, attention is focused upon the analysis and interpretation of experimental data obtained for an unmanned deepwater mini-Tension Leg Platform (mini-TLP) coupled to a tender barge. Each body has its own mooring system and the bodies are connected by two breast lines extending from central points on the mini-TLP to central points on the bow and stern of the tender barge. A fender system is located between the two platforms. Thus the two floating bodies are constrained to move together in surge and yaw while they are free to move independently in heave, roll and pitch with some limitations on sway. The data of the individual records are characterized using statistical moments, including skewness and kurtosis, to examine the degree of non-Gaussian behavior. Correlation analysis and cross spectral analysis are used to investigate the relationships between selected measurements such as the motion of each vessel, tensions in the mooring lines and tendons and the forces on the fenders. The analysis shows that the coupling effects reduce the mooring line and tendon tensions significantly and that the motions of the two vessels influence the line tensions and fender forces. The data distribution patterns followed by the parameters and the corresponding extreme values are also investigated.

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Lee, Jerry Jing Peng. "Modular hybrid pier fender system short term tests /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1450163.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 27, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75).

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Fender, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Empirische Risiko-Minimierung für dynamische Datenstrukturen / Thomas Fender." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1011532247/34.

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Fischinger, Vivien [Verfasser], Anke [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Fender, and Timm [Gutachter] Filler. "Die Rolle des Protease-aktivierten Rezeptors 4 bei der Reifung von Adipozyten in vitro / Vivien Fischinger ; Gutachter: Anke Fender, Timm Filler ; Betreuer: Anke Fender." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115330888/34.

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Fender, Johannes H. W. [Verfasser]. "Solution Spaces for Vehicle Crash Design / Johannes H. W. Fender." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049380010/34.

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Dinic, George. "Hard impact of reinforced concrete domes, circular slabs and fender materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7764.

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Fender, Pit [Verfasser], and Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Moerkotte. "Algorithms for Efficient Top-Down Join Enumeration / Pit Fender. Betreuer: Guido Moerkotte." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052193501/34.

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Alling, Joseph. "Timber vs. composite/plastic pile fender systems in Pearl Harbor maintenance cost comparison." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9075.

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CIVINS
The Navy has traditionally used treated timber materials for fender systems for piers and wharves in Pearl Harbor. In recent years, the costs associated with the use of timber have escalated and the Navy has begun to use plastic piles at installations around the world to replace timber fender systems. Plastic fender systems are more expensive, but have greater energy absorption capabilities and are more resilient to environmental decay. To determine whether plastic piles are a cost saving alternative to treated timber, the present study compiled and evaluated existing technical data, maintenance/ construction records and inspection reports from various Navy staff civil engineer offices and at the Navy Public Works Center Pearl Harbor (PWC). Since records at these various locations were not designed to present associated cost/ maintenance data in a format suitable for an economic analysis, field surveys of over 3 miles of waterfront in Pearl Harbor and interviews with staff civil engineers and wharf building branch managers at PWC were conducted to supplement existing historical data. Through the gathered data, the maintenance costs of timber pile fenders are estimated and compared to those of composite plastic piles using manufacturers' quotes and from reports compiled by the Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory (NCEL). For the expected life cycles of timber piles observed in Pearl Harbor this analysis shows the proposed plastic system to be more cost effective for shore facilities with remaining service lives of greater than ten years

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Fender, Hendrik Eike [Verfasser], and Edgar [Gutachter] Serfling. "NFATc1 as a Therapeutic Target in Burkitt’s Lymphoma / Hendrik Eike Fender. Gutachter: Edgar Serfling." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111785864/34.

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Books on the topic "Fender"

1

Sam, Orr. Fender Stratocaster. Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2009.

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Sam, Orr. Fender Stratocaster. Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 2009.

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Fitzhugh, Bill. Fender benders. New York: William Morrow, 2001.

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Jones, Colin R. The fender book: The DIY book of fenders. (S.l.): C.R. Jones, 1996.

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Brown, Virginia. Return to fender. Memphis, TN: Bell Bridge Books, 2013.

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Bacon, Tony. The Fender book. San Francisco, Calif: Miller Freeman Inc., 1992.

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Bacon, Tony. The Fender book. San Francisco, Calif: Miller Freeman Books, 1998.

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Bacon, Tony. The Fender book. London: Balafon, 1992.

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Duchossoir, A. R. The Fender Stratocaster. Milwaukee, WI, USA: Hal Leonard Corp., 1994.

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Bacon, Tony. The Fender book: A complete history of Fender electric guitars. London: Balafon, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fender"

1

Sul, J., F. Albermani, E. Knauth, and C. Collins. "A Backup Marine Fender System." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 463–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8079-6_45.

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Gaythwaite, John W. "Berthing Loads and Fender System Design." In Design of Marine Facilities, 181–233. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414309.ch05.

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Fontijn, H. L. "On the Prediction of Fender Forces at Berthing Structures Part II: Ship Berthing Related to Fender Structure." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 95–166. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_5.

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Wei, Li, Xie Yonggang, and Ye Changlin. "Opening Draw and Die Design of Rear Fender." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 902–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3842-9_70.

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Sommer, Edgar. "Fender: An approach to theory restructuring (extended abstract)." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 356–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59286-5_86.

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Tryde, Per, and I. A. Svendsen. "Use of Statistical Data and Methods in Impact Evaluation of Fender Design." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 167–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_6.

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Jiang, Lei, Shi-quan Li, Long Wang, Jiao-long Xie, Da-peng Wang, and Guo-wei Li. "The Stamping Process and Die Design of Fender Based on Three-Step." In Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2020: Selected Papers, 1171–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2090-4_74.

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Fontijn, H. L. "On the Prediction of Fender Forces at Berthing Structures Part I: Calculation Method(s)." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 62–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_4.

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Tryde, Per. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of an Advanced Fender/ Mooring System Based on Energy Absorbing Principles." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 457–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_30.

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De Grauwe, Paul. "Comments on the Papers by Salvatore, Hamada, Capie, Fratianni et al., and Von Hagen and Fender." In Ideas for the Future of the International Monetary System, 163–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5450-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fender"

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Cole, Jason C., Mohammed Islam, Matthew Garvin, and Paul Herrington. "Modelling Details of Fenders in Float-Over Installation Experiments." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83166.

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Fenders are a key element of float-over topsides installations protecting the vessel and jacket legs by absorbing impact energy. Fender capacity is defined in accordance with expected vessel motions, vessel hull strength, and anticipated impact energy. Translating those dependencies from full-scale float-over scenarios to model-scale experiments provides added challenges when devising experimental approaches. This paper describes the design and development of model-scale fenders and their application in float-over topsides installation experiments. Current model fenders use multi-stage cantilevered leaf springs to develop the required non-linear stiffness curve which is calculated from full-scale fender data. Spring material and geometry, relative position, and loading location are key variables used to match the target fender stiffness as changes in these parameters directly affect the force-deflection characteristics of the model-scale fenders. The force-deflection characteristics (stiffness) of the model-scale fenders were checked before, during, and after wave experiments, using both isolated bench tests and in situ verifications. Multiple iterations of stiffness checks were completed during the stiffness curve matching process prior to the experimentation. The achieved load-deflection characteristics of the fender units were within 2% of the target stiffness curve. The damping characteristics of the fenders were not specifically modeled, but were measured for each of the stiffness stages. The model fenders have successfully been used in multiple float-over experimental campaigns.

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Costa, F. Vasco. "Fender Selection Criteria." In 21st International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872626874.221.

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Spencer, Thomas E. "Marine Fender Systems." In Ports Conference 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40727(2004)44.

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Lebedev, Dmitrii, and Gennadiy Kryzhevich. "Development of a New Advanced Fender Design With High Shock-Absorbing and Damping Properties." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61790.

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A fender with both shock-absorbing and damping properties was developed. This fender permits to decrease impact loads from berthing vessels on both berth structures and vessel hulls themselves. A developed procedure for calculation of berthing vessel – fender interaction dynamics, as well as numerical calculation of effectiveness of the developed fender use are presented in the paper.

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Han, Mengmeng, Allan Ross Magee, Ling Wan, Jingzhe Jin, and Chien Ming Wang. "A Hydrodynamic Analysis of Motion Coupling Effect of Floating Storage Tank Supported by Marine Fenders." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61726.

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This study concerns a new concept of floating oil storage facility, to be deployed in coastal waters, in which separate oil storage tanks float in an array, separated by a mooring fender system. In this paper, hydrodynamic properties of a single module are investigated numerically. The effects of different mooring fender parameters including fender stiffness and fender position on the coupled motions are studied. Design criteria and a design approach for the marine fender selection are proposed. Next, time-domain simulations under random waves are performed. Finite water depth effects are taken into consideration. Then a brief parametric study on sloshing phenomenon in fender-supported tanks is conducted. Results show that a carefully designed marine fender will help reduce the roll and pitch motions of the storage tank, and thus function as a stabilizer. This analysis is the basis of a global hydrodynamic response analysis for multiple tanks, including the effects of multibody hydrodynamic interactions between tanks in the future.

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Sakakibara, Shigeki, and Masayoshi Kubo. "Modeling of Floating Pneumatic Rubber Fender in Numerical Simulation of Side-by-Side Moored Vessels." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37056.

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In this paper, we approach a modeling of the floating pneumatic rubber fender in the time domain numerical simulation of side-by-side moored vessels. In the investigations, we conduct several performance tests such as pure compression tests and compression with shear load tests for the miniature fender. From the investigations, it is concluded that it is necessary to consider the actual fender performance for the development of the numerical simulation method.

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Ferreira González, Daniel, Matthias Lemmerhirt, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Marcel König, and Alexander Düster. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation Regarding the Landing Manoeuvre of a Catamaran Vessel at an Offshore Wind Turbine in Waves." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42071.

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In this work, the landing manoeuvre of a catamaran vessel at a monopile foundation is investigated by experiments compared with numerical simulations. Therefore, a method is presented which allows simulating the described landing manoeuvre at offshore structures. The simulation in the time domain is based on potential theory using a boundary element method (BEM) and it computes the motions of the rigid body due to the hydrodynamic loads which consist of the incoming waves and the diffraction caused by the monopile. Further, a fender model is implemented, considering the reaction forces due to the friction and the deformation of the fender. The model is further able to distinguish between slip and non-slip condition of the fender. Apart from this, model tests of the landing manoeuvre were carried out with a catamaran model. During the tests the model pushed its fender against an equally scaled monopile. The motions of the vessel and the forces at the attachment of the fender were measured in regular and irregular waves. The obtained data which leads to a better understanding of the hydrodynamic effects during a landing manoeuvre is compared with the simulation results in order to improve the numerical method. The validation with experimental results shows that the method is applicable to quantify the risk of the fender suddenly slipping.

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Masuda, Mitsuhiro, Kiyokazu Minami, and Koichi Masuda. "A Fundamental Study on the Damage of Wash Up to the Quay of the Moored Vessel in Tsunamis Using the MPS Method Considered the Fender Influences." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78236.

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In the case of vessels are moored at the quay, the drift and the wash up to the quay due to the broke of mooring lines is occurred by the tsunamis. In the previous study, the authors are examined to the applicability of the proposed tsunami protection measures as the install more mooring lines (IMML) and the floating tsunami protection wharf (FTPW). However, the Fender influences were not considered in previous authors studies. In this study, the fender influences are considered on the numerical simulation. The three-dimensional MPS (Moving Particle Semi-implicit) method is used as numerical simulation method. The linear compressing spring model is used as the fender model. The fender influences were investigated against the influences of tsunami protection measures using IMML and the damage status of vessel.

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Ofoegbu, James, and John M. Niedzwecki. "Elastomeric Fender Systems Subject to Random Excitation." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79639.

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The current design process for fender systems is based upon a deterministic approach whereas it would appear that for many practical situations the combined wind, wave and current conditions involve some level of random excitation and response behavior. A two-body system consisting of a mini-TLP and tender barge excited by random seas was selected for analysis. This laboratory experiment provided measurements of the normal component of force response between the two vessels needed to design a fender system and was measured in the experiments for both head sea and beam sea conditions. In the original design concept a fender system consisting of cylindrical fender elements was envisioned and this idea was used as the basis to consider the elastomeric elements discussed in this study. This study identifies the key problem variables that can be used to characterize this two-body system and it discusses the development of the appropriate dimensionless parameters needed to compactly present design curve information on deflection/compression and energy absorption of the fender elements. An illustrative example that compares deterministic and random excitation predictions based upon some assumed geometries is presented and discussed. This includes the characterization of fender force time series in terms of statistical moments and its underlying probability distribution. Using parameter estimation techniques, coefficients of a best-fit two-parameter model were determined and the resulting model was used in the illustrative example.

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Baroth, Anju, Sreepadaraj karanam, and Robert McKay. "Life Cycle Assessment of Lightweight Noryl* GTX* Resin Fender and Its Comparison with Steel Fender." In SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0650.

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Reports on the topic "Fender"

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ABAM ENGINEERS INC FEDERAL WAY WA. Prestressed Concrete Fender Piles: Final Designs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190695.

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Muniyasamy, K., R. Govindarajan, N. Jayaram, and Ravi Kharul. Vibration Fatigue Analysis of Motorcycle Front Fender. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0030.

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Curfman, R. D. Foam-Filled Fender Design to Prevent Hull Damage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362434.

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ABAM ENGINEERS INC FEDERAL WAY WA. Prestressed Concrete Fender Piles - Analysis and Final Test Pile Details. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169516.

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Huijser, M. P., and S. C. Getty. Electrified Barriers Installed on Top of Wildlife Guards to Help Keep Large Wild Mammals Out of a Fenced Road Corridor. Western Transportation Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1702675805.

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Most wildlife mitigation measures along highways are aimed at improving human safety, reducing direct wildlife mortality, and providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. Fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures are the most effective combination of mitigation measures to achieve these objectives. For fences to reliably reduce collisions with large wild mammals by 80% or more, at least 5 kilometers (3 miles) of road length needs to be fenced, including a buffer zone that extends well beyond the known hotspots for wildlife-vehicle collisions. Collisions that still occur within the fenced road sections tend to be concentrated near the fence-ends. In addition, gaps in fences, including at access roads, can result in concentrations of collisions inside fenced road sections. Gates are commonly used at gaps in the fence at low traffic volume access roads, but they are often left open allowing wildlife to access the road corridor. While cattle guards or wildlife guards can be effective for some ungulate species, double wide cattle or wildlife guards consisting of round bars or bridge grate material, situated above a pit, are generally recommended for ungulates. However, such guards are not a substantial barrier for species with paws, including many carnivore species. Electrified mats or electrified guards can be a barrier for both ungulates and species with paws, but to prevent animals from jumping across the mat, they need to be 4.6-6.6 m (15-22 ft)) wide. For this project, a combination of wildlife guards and electrified barriers on top of these wildlife guards was evaluated. Both electrified mats that were tested (Crosstek and BS Fabrications) on top of existing wildlife guards resulted in a near absolute barrier for both ungulates and species with paws (97.9% barrier for the 2 deer species combined, 100% barrier for coyotes and black bears); an improvement to a wildlife guard only without an electrified mat (89.3% for the 2 deer species combined, 54.5% barrier for coyotes and 45.5% barrier for black bears). Based on the images, there is evidence that a shock is delivered to the animals that touch the electrified mats and that most of the animals respond by returning to the habitat side of the barrier. Specifically for bears, if it was not for the electrified barriers, likely at least 3 black bears and 1 grizzly bear would have crossed into the fenced road corridor where they would have been exposed to vehicles.

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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du, and Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.

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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.

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Qi, Yan, Ryan Fries, Shambhu Saran Baral, and Pranesh Biswas. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-020.

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Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.

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Abraham, Joseph, Cameron Stewart, and Darren Finklea. Floating Double Deck Pier Fenders. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555164.

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Gage, Edward, Linda Zeigenfuss, Hanem Abouelezz, Allison Konkowski, David Cooper, and Therese Johnson. Vegetation response to Rocky Mountain National Park’s elk and vegetation management plan: Analysis of 2008–2018 data. National Park Service, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299264.

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Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) developed the Elk and Vegetation Management Plan (EVMP) to address well-documented declines in the ecological condition of aspen stands and riparian communities from high levels of elk herbivory. The EVMP aims to reduce the impacts of elk on vegetation and restore the natural range of variability in the elk population and affected plant communities, including preventing the loss of aspen clones within high elk-use areas, restoring montane riparian willow cover and height within suitable habitat, and reducing of levels of elk grazing on herbaceous vegetation. The EVMP described a range of management actions including reductions in the size of the elk herd and the installation of fencing to reduce herbivory levels and facilitate recovery in degraded communities. The EVMP established a monitoring protocol in focal communities to assess progress towards these vegetation goals and facilitate adaptive management. RMNP has collected data quantifying biomass offtake in upland herbaceous and riparian communities, willow height and cover, and aspen stand structure and regeneration periodically since implementation of the plan began in 2008. This report summarizes the results of analyses of EVMP data collected from 2008–2018, the last year comprehensive measurements were made. The EVMP was developed with a focus on the primary elk winter range in the upper montane zone on the east side of RMNP. The plan distinguishes core elk winter range, where elk concentrate during winter, and noncore winter range areas that typically have less elk use. Data were also collected in the Kawuneeche Valley in the headwaters of the Colorado River on the west side of the park, an area supporting extensive wet meadows and areas once dominated by willow. Data were also collected to investigate the effects of wildland fires that burned through the winter range in 2012 to determine the potential for using fire as a management tool to achieve EVMP goals. The overwintering elk population in the park has declined, from its peak of 1,500 animals in 2001, and over the course of EVMP implementation, from 614 animals in 2009 to 124 animals in 2019. Declines in the overwintering elk population may be best explained by increased cow elk harvest outside of the park, and, most notably, by a change in seasonal migration patterns and habitat use that have elk moving to lower elevation wintering areas following the fall rut. In sites in aspen communities, stand structure was changed little or declined across sampling periods in unfenced plots with continued patterns of little regeneration and recruitment and steady progression toward stands dominated by large-diameter trees. However, there was a progression towards taller sapling heights inside fenced plots and recruitment of small diameter tree-sized stems. Fencing had large and positive effects on aspen stand structure, with different patterns observed in fenced and unfenced core winter range and noncore winter range. Increased recruitment was observed across the winter range but occurred mainly inside fenced plots. Aspen stem counts varied between time periods and in relation to wildfire, with fenced and burned plots on the core winter range having higher stem counts by 2018 than unfenced and unburned plots. Willow height and cover increased over time in sampled sites, but positive trends were generally restricted to sites in fenced areas. Willow height also increased on noncore (all unfenced) winter range sites. Willow in unfenced core winter range sites had only minor increase in height from baseline (2008 for most sites) to 2018, but willow in fenced plots had greater height increases over the same time period. Noncore winter range willow sites had modest height increases over the 10-yr period. Mean willow cover increased nearly 5-fold compared to baseline conditions within the core winter range fenced areas and roughly 1.5-fold in noncore winter range. Willow cover was greater in unfenced than fenced plots at baseline, but the pattern was reversed in 2013 and 2018. The highest cover occurred in 2018 in fenced core winter range plots (mean = 70.8%) and unfenced noncore winter range plots (mean = 68.6%). Mean cover increased from 14.6% at baseline to 25.3% in 2013 and 70.8% in 2018 in fenced core winter range plots. Mean willow cover changed little in unfenced core winter range plots between baseline and 2018, although the range of cover values increased over time, and willow cover increases were modest in the noncore winter range. Fencing reduced or eliminated browsing from plots located inside fences, but offtake varied widely among unfenced plots. Patterns of willow browse intensity differed management subgroups (e.g., core and noncore winter range), and generally showed a downward trend between baseline and 2018 measurements. Herbaceous offtake in upland communities was measured in the first sample period (baseline–2013) to assess levels of grazing on herbaceous vegetation, however it was determined that the associated EVMP objectives had been achieved so measurements were discontinued after 2013. Continued monitoring of upland shrubs indicated no shift from herbaceous dominated to shrub dominated communities after 2013. Noncore upland plots had higher shrub cover than core winter range plots across all time periods, but most differences between year and core/noncore had low probability of effect. Cover for individual species varied over time and winter range plots. Moose presence has increased in winter range aspen and willow sites over the past decade, while beaver presence at our monitoring sites has decreased. Results indicate that RMNP is making progress toward the vegetation objectives set out in the EVMP, however positive trends were most pronounced in plots protected from ungulate herbivory through fencing. Aspen recruitment was greatest in fenced plots. Likewise, trajectories of willow height and cover were positive in fenced winter range plots. Results demonstrate that fencing is an effective means of improving condition in aspen and willow habitats. Changes outside the fences were slower and less pronounced than inside the fences, however, the positive (if small) increases in willow height and cover and aspen regeneration as well as decreases in upland herbaceous offtake, indicate that decreased wintering elk populations are also contributing to improvement of habitat conditions on the elk winter range. In the Kawuneeche Valley, which has not traditionally been heavily used by overwintering elk but does experience summer elk and moose use, poor and declining habitat condition were recorded in unfenced willow and aspen sites.

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Fenner, Martin. DOI registration for scholarly blogs by Martin Fenner. Martin Fenner, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/t8azz4brot.

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