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1
Hussain, Ashraf MA, and Riyadh K. Lafta. "Cancer Trends in Iraq 2000–2016." Oman Medical Journal 36, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e219-e219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2021.18.
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Objectives: Precise and quantitative assessment of the trend of cancer burden enables policymakers and health managers to prioritize diseases and allocate resources better. This infers what caused a decrease or increase in the rate of cancer occurrence, and if it denotes timing of implementation of a control measure, it presents the impact on the disease rate. This study’s objective was to evaluate trends in child and adult cancer in Iraq from 2000 onwards. Methods: We used the registries of the Iraqi Ministry of Health that were gathered from all governorates from 2000–2016. Data were presented as incidence rates to depict the trends of different types of cancers distributed by age, gender, and governorates. Results: Breast cancer witnessed a significant increase with predominance in females. Lung cancer rate increased significantly from 4.08 to 5.60/100 000 (p = 0.038), affecting males more than females. The brain cancer trend showed a bimodal pattern (two peaks in 2004 and 2011) with no significant trend change (p = 0.788). Both genders were similarly affected. The trend of stomach and colorectal cancer showed an accelerated increase after 2007. Conclusions: Almost all cancers (particularly lung and gastrointestinal) showed constantly raising trends, especially after 2007. Only cervical and laryngeal cancer had a decreasing trend. Most cancers were predominant in males.
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Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Masoud Masinaei, Arya Aminorroaya, Zahra Aryan, Parinaz Mehdipour, Yasna Rostam-Abadi, Naser Ahmadi, et al. "Risk of incident cardiovascular diseases at national and subnational levels in Iran from 2000 to 2016 and projection through 2030: Insights from Iran STEPS surveys." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 23, 2023): e0290006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290006.
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Background Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developing countries. CVD risk stratification guides the health policy to make evidence-based decisions. Aim To provide current picture and future trend of CVD risk in the adult Iranian population. Methods Nationally representative datasets of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2016 STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) studies were used to generate the 10-year and 30-year risks of CVD based on Framingham, Globorisk, and World Health Organization (WHO) risk estimation models. Trend of CVD risk was calculated from 2000 until 2016 and projected to 2030. Results In 2016, based on Framingham model, 14.0% of the Iranian, aged 30 to 74, were at great risk (≥20%) of CVD in the next 10 years (8.0% among females, 20.7% among males). Among those aged 25 to 59, 12.7% had ≥45% risk of CVD in the coming 30 years (9.2% among females, 16.6 among males). In 2016, CVD risk was higher among urban area inhabitants. Age-standardized Framingham 10-year CVD risk will increase 32.2% and 19%, from 2000 to 2030, in females and males, respectively. Eastern provinces had the lowest and northern provinces had the greatest risk. Conclusions This study projected that CVD risk has increased from 2000 to 2016 in Iran. Without further risk factor modification, this trend will continue until 2030. We have identified populations at higher risks of CVD to guide future intervention.
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Alaei, K., A. Alaei, and D. Mansoori. "Thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected patients, Islamic Republic of Iran." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, no. 06 (December 15, 2002): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.6.758.
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Thrombocytopenia is a blood dyscrasia common in AIDS patients that may result from increased viral load and diminished CD4 T lymphocytes. We evaluated the rate of thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 100 000/microL] in 170 HIV-infected patients [161 males and 9 females] from May 2000-April 2001 in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. All except 7 females were injecting drug users. While 34 patients had thrombocytopenia, 3 had severe thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 20 000/microL]. Although prevalence was similar in various stages of HIV infection [18.5%-22.5%], severe thrombocytopenia was in patients with CD4 T cell count < 200 cells/microL. There were no other associated conditions. Mild thrombocytopenia is common in HIV-infected patients in our region.
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Moghadamnia, A. A., and M. Abdollahi. "An epidemiological study of poisoning in northern Islamic Republic of Iran." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, no. 01 (March 15, 2002): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.1.88.
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We examined the causes and mortality of poisoning in the province of Mazandaran. In all, 1751 poisoning cases referred to four main hospitals over a three-year period [1997-2000] were included. More poisoning cases were females [55.5%] than males [45.5%] but the proportional mortality for males was greater than for females [65% versus 35%]. The greatest proportion of poisonings occurred between the ages of 16 and 25 years. Most frequent was intentional poisoning, followed by accidental and occupational poisoning. Medicines were the most common cause, followed by chemicals such as pesticides. Poisoning by opiates, aluminium or zinc phosphide, rodenticides, petroleum and ethanol intoxication was also observed. Pesticide poisoning was most frequently fatal.
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Kadir, M. A. A., A. K. M. Ismail, and S. S. Tahir. "Epidemiology of malaria in Al-Tameem Province, Iraq, 1991-2000." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 5-6 (March 31, 2003): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.1042.
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To determine the rates of malarial infection in different areas of Al-Tameem province, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 1991 to 2000. We found an overall infection rate of 0.76% by Plasmodium vivax. Infection rates were highest in Dibis district [1.12%], followed by infections from outside the province [0.93%] and in Hawija district [0.89%], Kirkuk [0.62%] and Dakok [0.17%]. Rates of infection varied by year with the lowest rate in 1991 [0.02%] and the highest rate in 1996 [1.84%]. All ages were represented, with the highest rate of infection among 21-30-year-olds. Males had a slightly higher rate of infection [0.78%] than females [0.73%]
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Morovatdar, Negar, Gholamreza Tayebi Nasrabad, Konstantinos Tsarouhas, and Ramin Rezaee. "Etiology of Renal Replacement Therapy in Iran." International Journal of Nephrology 2019 (November 26, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5010293.
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Introduction. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most common life-threatening diseases. In the past two decades, several factors were held responsible as the cause of this condition. The present study aimed to determine the causes of ESRD in the province of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2404 ESRD patients who referred to 39 hemodialysis centers in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, and were registered in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), between 2000 and December 2018. Sociodemographic data and causes of ESRD were extracted from data registry. Results. The mean age at onset of hemodialysis for 2404 patients was 52.8 ± 16.4 years, and 57.1% of the patients were male. Clinical profile of hypertension (28.3%) and diabetes mellitus (24.8%) were the most common known causes of ESRD in our patients. Hypertension was more prevalent in male patients compared with females (30 vs 25%, respectively) while diabetes was more prevalent in females compared with males (25.4 vs 24.4%, respectively), p=0.009. Educational level was significantly associated with the cause of ESRD (p<0.001). Age of onset of ESRD in hypertensive patients was significantly lower compared with diabetic patients (51.5 ± 16.3 vs 58.28 ± 12.9 years, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions. In the current study, the most common causes of ESRD were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Primary prevention of hypertension and diabetes and proper treatment must be considered to reduce the burden of ESRD in Iran.
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Rahif, R. H., and M. A. A. Al-Fatlawei. "PREVALENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS IN IRAQ." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 26, no. 1 (June 28, 2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1405.
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Internal organs of 486 camels were examined, 77 males and 409 females, 2 months - 10 years old, slaughtered at Al-Diwania abattoir from June 2000 till July 2001, for detection the prevelance of hydatid infection. The total rate of infection was 42.18 %, 18.18 % in males and 46.70% in females. Distribution of cysts among organs varied from 13.66 % in livers, 66.34 % in lungs and 20 % in both of them. For the first time in Iraq, Hydatid cyst was recorded in spleen, together with the infection of liver, in one camel. The results of the study showed a higher prevalence of infection among aged camels in comparison with younger animls.
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Razaeian, Mohsen, Maryam Mohammadi, Malihe Akbari, and Maryam Maleki. "The Most Common Method of Suicide in Tehran 2000–2004." Crisis 29, no. 3 (May 2008): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.3.164.
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The likelihood of completing suicide depends to some extent on knowledge of effective means and also on the availability and/or acceptability of such methods. Since studying suicide methods may have an implication for prevention, the focus of this study was on the most favored method of suicide in Tehran, Iran. The study uses confirmed suicide data provided by the Beheshet Zahra Organization (BZO), which gathers all mortality data within Tehran and enters them into a computerized database, from which the relevant information for all the recorded suicide cases during the year 2000 to 2004 were obtained and analyzed. There were 703 cases of suicide (632 males and 71 females) in the BZO database, with a sex ratio of 8.9. The mean (standard deviation) of age at suicide for those who chose hanging and for those who have chosen other methods of suicide were 33.93 (14.2) and 34.60 (13.4) years, respectively. Hanging was the method favored by 572 (85.9%) of cases. Use of hanging was higher in females (61, 85.9%) than in males (511, 80.9%), and higher among the married (304, 53.6%) than among singles (268, 46.4%). The high proportion of persons using hanging as a method of suicide in Tehran may reflect the fact that this method is more acceptable and/or easily available and/or less likely to be misclassified as accidental or undetermined death. The prevention of such suicides is extremely difficult in the general population. Therefore, it is suggested that, to prevent suicide by hangings, the authorities should focus on the causal factors of suicide rather than on the acceptability and/or the availability of this method.
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Lafta, Riyadh K. "Health System in Iraq Post 2003 War." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 19, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v19i3.1040.
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Background: War represents a major human crisis; it destroys communities and results in ingrained consequences for public health and well-being Objective: We set this study to shed light on the public health status in Iraq after the successive wars, sanctions, sectarian conflicts, and terrorism, in light of certain health indicators. Design: The primary source of data for this analysis comes from the Iraqi Ministry of Health, and The World Health Organization disease surveillance. Results: Most of the morbidity indicators are high, even those that are relatively declining recently, are still higher than those reported in the region. Common communicable diseases such as schistosomiasis, mumps, and measles continue to be a problem. Mumps showed two recent epidemics; in 2015, and in 2020. The same with respect to Measles. More than 40·% of the surveyed population showed both systolic and diastolic hypertension. Fasting glucose of 10·4% of the participants showed hyperglycaemia, only 6·5% of whom reported being diagnosed and treated as diabetic. The leading cancer in males is Bronchus and Lung cancer, followed by Colorectal, Urinary bladder, and Prostatic cancers while in females; Breast cancer is in the top of the list, followed by Thyroid, Colorectal, Brain, and Bronchogenic cancers. Rates for childhood cancers are obviously higher even than those in high-income countries. Conclusions: The struggling public health services in Iraq have been severely impacted by humanitarian and political crises and brutal armed conflict that resulted in restricted population access to food, clean water and basic services including healthcare and medicines.
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PEDRAM, MAJID, EBRAHIM POURJAM, and MARIA T. VINCIGUERRA2. "Description of a new species of the rare genus Epacrolaimus Andrássy, 2000 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) and new data on male of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr & Loof, 1969 (Dorylaimida, Paraxonchiidae) from Iran." Zootaxa 3327, no. 1 (May 29, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3327.1.5.
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Epacrolaimus reyesi n. sp., an amphimictic species of a rare nematode genus, is described and illustrated. The new species ischaracterised by its long body (7.23–7.87 mm), 32 µm wide lip region, with well developed and distinct lips and liplets pro-vided with longitudinal corrugation on their inner surface; 19–22 µm long odontostyle with a wide, arched aperture occupyingca 85% of its length; 45–56 µm long odontophore; 55–67 µm long rounded tail, nine regularly spaced ventromedian supple-ments in males and 135–145 µm long spicules. The new species is compared with two other known species of the genus,namely E. declinatoaculeatus (Kreis, 1924) Andrássy, 2000 and E. imperator Andrássy, 2000. Compared to the former, thenew species has a rounded tail in females vs bluntly conoid, rounded on tip or with a minute peg, shorter tail (55–67 vs 63–75µm) shorter spicules (135–145 vs 215 µm) and fewer male copulatory supplements (9 vs 12). Compared to the latter species, E.reyesi n. sp. is wider at the midbody region (172–178 vs 156–160 µm), and has a shorter tail (55–67 vs 84 µm in females and58–65 vs 70–86 µm in males), shorter spicules (135–145 vs 202–210 µm) and fewer male copulatory supplements (9 vs 14–16).From both species the new species differs by having a rounded tail vs convex-conoid or slightly subdigitate. Beside the newspecies, a population of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr & Loof, 1969 with relatively numerous males wasfound from forests of northern Iran. The male of this species, which had not been found in Iran so far and had been described on two specimens only, is described and illustrated in detail.
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Bab, Sattar, Edris Abdifard, Shahin Elyasianfar, Payam Mohammadi, and Mohammad Heidari. "Time trend analysis of breast cancer in Iran and its six topographical regions: a population-based study." Journal of Medicine and Life 12, no. 2 (April 2019): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2018-0087.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and in 2002 it was expected that 636,000 new cases would occur in developed countries and 514,000 in developing countries. Although the incidence rate of this cancer in Asian countries is lower than in Western countries, whereas the incidence trend increasing rapidly in Asia. Using the data from the Cancer Registry System, this study was carried out to investigate the incidence trend during 2000–2005 in Iran and its six geographical areas. The incidence rates were standardized according to age-sex groups by Excel directly and confidence intervals is calculated for the point estimations by Stata11. The trends were analyzed separately based on gender, age groups for different provinces by Poisson regression in Stata11. The age standardized incidence rate in 2000 was 0.1 and 3.4 per 100,000 in males and females, respectively, reaching 0.5 and 16.7 per 100,000 in 2005. The incidence trends in all geographical areas of the country were increased despite the difference in the slopes. The sex ratio of male to female was 31.6 and the mean age of the patients was 49.4 (±12.6) years. The incidence of breast cancer in Iran was lower than the European and Asian countries but the trend is in rising. Although this increase is due to the increase in the prevalence of risk factors among Iranian population. Improvement in the coverage of the cancer registry system as well as the screening programs are important factors for these changes.
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Groohi, Bahram, Annette MacKay Rossignol, Sergio Perez Barrero, and Reza Alaghehbandan. "Suicidal Behavior by Burns Among Adolescents in Kurdistan, Iran." Crisis 27, no. 1 (January 2006): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.27.1.16.
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The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiologic features and current etiological factors of suicidal behavior by burns among adolescents in Kurdistan, Iran. A prospective population-based study was carried out on patients with suicidal behaviors by burns requiring hospitalization among adolescents during 2000-2001 in Kurdistan, Iran. Sociodemographic and etiological factors were obtained through interviews with each patient or with family, relatives, or friends of the patient. Of 54 hospitalized burn patients aged 13-19 years, 40 (74.1%) patients were hospitalized because of suicidal behaviors by burns (6 males and 34 females). The incidence rate of these behaviors was 18.1 per 100,000 person-years (P-Y) and varied by gender (the incidence rates for females and males were 31.6 and 5.3 per 100,000 P-Y, respectively, p(2) = .000004). Most of the patients (60%) were single, 70% were homemakers, and 60% were either illiterate or had a low level of education. The most common precipitating factors for suicidal behaviors by burns were a quarrel with a family member or relative (47.5%) and marital conflict (17.5%). Most of the patients who were able to communicate regretted their suicidal behaviors (85.7%). Adolescents in Kurdistan are at higher risk of suicidal behaviors by burns compared to adolescents in other areas of Iran. Factors likely to be associated with suicidal behaviors by burns include lower socioeconomic status and family problems. These factors should be investigated further to better elucidate the etiology of these events. It also is necessary to implement prevention programs and strategies known to be effective to reduce the incidence of suicide in this region.
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Ibrahem, Salih, Hussien Ahmed, and Suhair Zangana. "Trends in colorectal cancer in Iraq over two decades: incidence, mortality, topography and morphology." Annals of Saudi Medicine 42, no. 4 (July 2022): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.252.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of the elderly in the Western world, but its characteristics are changing globally. Iraq does not have a well established CRC screening program. Understanding trends of CRC incidence, fatality and the clinical features of CRC patients is vital to the design of effective public health measures; public awareness, screening, diagnosis and treatment strategies to meet the future demands. OBJECTIVES: Determine trends in demography, incidence proportion, mortality, topography (primary tumor site) and morphology (histology) over two decades. DESIGN: Registry-based study SETTING: Iraqi National Cancer Registry (INCR) database PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from CRC patients obtained from the INCR to calculate incidence and mortality proportion per 100 000 population for the period from 2000 to 2019. In addition to estimation, data were examined by anatomic location and morphological type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in the incidence and mortality proportion, topography and morphology of CRC over 20 years. SAMPLE SIZE: 20 880 CRC patients ranging in age from 14-80 years. RESULTS: The overall (males and females) CRC incidence proportion (CIP) increased from 2.28 to 6.18 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 5.11%. The incidence proportion (IP) of CRC in patients from 20 to <50 years rose from 1.46 in 2000 to 4.36 per 100 000 population in 2019, which is an APC of 5.6%. The IP in patients older than 50 years rose from 12.7 to 40.59 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an APC of 5.98%. The percentage of all CRC cases to all total malignancies in Iraq grew from 3.69% in 2000 to 6.5% in 2019. The CRC mortality proportion increased from 1.25 to 1.77 per 100 000 populations in 2010 and 2019, respectively, reflecting an APC of 3.54%. Anatomically, colon (C18) tumor represented 59.2% and 65.7% in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Rectal (C20) tumors were 37.2% in 2000 down to 31.4% in 2019, while rectosigmoid junction tumor (C19) were 3.6% in 2000 dropping to 2% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: CRC in Iraq is still a disease of the elderly and is rising in incidence and mortality in all age groups. This necessitates reconsidering health policy regarding CRC; public awareness, screening and management strategies to accommodate for these alarming changes. LIMITATIONS: Data about stages, grades and molecular characterisations are not available in the INCR. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Ibrahem, Salih, Hussien Ahmed, and Suhair Zangana. "Trends in colorectal cancer in Iraq over two decades: incidence, mortality, topography and morphology." Annals of Saudi Medicine 42, no. 4 (July 2022): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.252.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of the elderly in the Western world, but its characteristics are changing globally. Iraq does not have a well established CRC screening program. Understanding trends of CRC incidence, fatality and the clinical features of CRC patients is vital to the design of effective public health measures; public awareness, screening, diagnosis and treatment strategies to meet the future demands. OBJECTIVES: Determine trends in demography, incidence proportion, mortality, topography (primary tumor site) and morphology (histology) over two decades. DESIGN: Registry-based study SETTING: Iraqi National Cancer Registry (INCR) database PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from CRC patients obtained from the INCR to calculate incidence and mortality proportion per 100 000 population for the period from 2000 to 2019. In addition to estimation, data were examined by anatomic location and morphological type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in the incidence and mortality proportion, topography and morphology of CRC over 20 years. SAMPLE SIZE: 20 880 CRC patients ranging in age from 14-80 years. RESULTS: The overall (males and females) CRC incidence proportion (CIP) increased from 2.28 to 6.18 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 5.11%. The incidence proportion (IP) of CRC in patients from 20 to <50 years rose from 1.46 in 2000 to 4.36 per 100 000 population in 2019, which is an APC of 5.6%. The IP in patients older than 50 years rose from 12.7 to 40.59 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an APC of 5.98%. The percentage of all CRC cases to all total malignancies in Iraq grew from 3.69% in 2000 to 6.5% in 2019. The CRC mortality proportion increased from 1.25 to 1.77 per 100 000 populations in 2010 and 2019, respectively, reflecting an APC of 3.54%. Anatomically, colon (C18) tumor represented 59.2% and 65.7% in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Rectal (C20) tumors were 37.2% in 2000 down to 31.4% in 2019, while rectosigmoid junction tumor (C19) were 3.6% in 2000 dropping to 2% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: CRC in Iraq is still a disease of the elderly and is rising in incidence and mortality in all age groups. This necessitates reconsidering health policy regarding CRC; public awareness, screening and management strategies to accommodate for these alarming changes. LIMITATIONS: Data about stages, grades and molecular characterisations are not available in the INCR. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Omar, Dr Dina Ahmed, and Dr Zakariya Hassan Hussein Abu Dames. "Determinants of Women's Economic Empowerment in Selected Arab Countries for the Period (2000-2018)." Webology 18, Special Issue 04 (September 30, 2021): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18124.
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This study examines the determinants of economic empowerment of women in selected Arab countries (Iraq, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt and Algeria) during the period (2000-2018), using the usual small squares method, and in this study we reviewed the concept and the economic determinants that affect empowerment Women, which in turn affect all other variables in these countries, the most important of which are the political and social aspects. In order to know the specific factors for women's economic empowerment, the study adopted the quantitative method to estimate these factors which are (the ratio of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, average life expectancy at birth for males and females, fertility rate, per capita GDP). The results of the study found that the most important factors affecting the economic empowerment of women in most Arab countries are health, the proportion of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, average life expectancy at birth for males and females, per capita gross domestic product that had a significant and positive impact, while the fertility rate was found. It appeared morally and negatively.
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Eini, Peyman, Saadat Torabian, Amir Hossein Rahighi, and Sepideh Mikaeilinia. "Epidemiologic and Clinical Aspects of Tuberculosis in Hamadan, Iran, from 2002 to 2008." Galen Medical Journal 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2013): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v2i4.69.
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Background: One-third of the world’s population is currently infected by tubercle bacillus. This study was performed to evaluate epidemiological and clinical aspects of confirmed cases of tuberculosis infections in a seven-year time period, between years of 2002 to 2008, in the city of Hamadan, west of Iran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, medical records of 375 patients from the year of 2002 to 2008 were evaluated and analyzed. Required data were obtained from medical records of all the patients and inserted into a detailed checklist. Obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software (version 11.0). Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.69±20.37. Most patients were female (58.7%). 78.1% of the cases were from urban areas. 58.7% of the patients were diagnosed by pulmonary tuberculosis. The mean age of the patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly younger than patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. 29.1% of males and 47% of females had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. 72.2% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had a positive-sputum smear. Most patients with positive-smear for pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed (53%). Sputum culture was the most frequent diagnostic technique used in patients with negative-sputum smear. In patients suffering from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph node involvement was the most frequent (34.2%). 44 patients (11.7%) were expired.Conclusion: Due to the increasing number of tuberculosis infections from 2005 to 2008, it is important for the health care providers and department of public health to monitor and pursue screening and prevention guidelines closely.
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Hamid, Ghaidaa. "Knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students regarding COVID-19 pandemic, Baghdad, Iraq 2022." Rawal Medical Journal 48, no. 2 (2023): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/rmj.20230106050554.
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Objective: To explore the KAP of medical students in Baghdad city towards COVID-19, during the year 2022. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to June 2022 and included 2000 medical students from four medical schools in Baghdad. A systematic random sampling technique was used and every second student was included from four colleges with 4000 students in all four colleges. Thus, 2000 students were included and a self-structured questionnaire was used. Results: Complete esponses were received from 1738 students. Most were aged 20 to 22 years, approximately equally distributed as males and females. About 46.49% of the students gained border-line knowledge scores. Students in age category of 20-22 years had non-significantly earned a higher knowledge score than those students of other age categories. Conclusion: Knowledge of medical students regarding the pandemic was inadequate.
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Ahmed OMAR, Prof Dr Dina. "WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES FOR THE PERIOD (2000-2020)." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 06, no. 02 (April 1, 2024): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.25.23.
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Women's empowerment and economic development are closely linked in one direction. Only development can play a major role in reducing inequality between men and women. In the other direction, empowering women may benefit development. The relationship between empowerment and development is reciprocal and a continued commitment to equality per se may be needed to achieve equality between men and women. This study examines the economic empowerment of women in selected Arab countries (Iraq, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Arab Republic of Egypt and Algeria) during the period (2000-2020) using the ordinary least squares method. In this study, we reviewed the concept and factors that affect women’s empowerment. Which in turn affects all other variables in these countries, the most important of which are the political and social aspects. For the purpose of knowing the factors affecting the economic empowerment of women, the study adopted the quantitative method to estimate these factors, which are (the ratio of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, the average life expectancy at birth for males). females, fertility rate, per capita GDP). The results of the study found that the most important factors influencing the economic empowerment of women in most Arab countries are health, the ratio of women’s enrollment in secondary education to males, average life expectancy at birth for males and females, and the per capita GDP, whose effect was significant and positive, while it was found that the fertility rate It appeared morally and negatively
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Hadibarhaghtalab, Maryam, Nezam Hadibarhaghtalab, and Ali Reza Manafi. "Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Southern Iran`." Galen Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2012): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v1i1.8.
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Introduction: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense nausea and vomiting interpreted with symptom free period. As data regarding the pattern of disease in our region is scarce, we performed this study to investigate the pattern of pediatric cyclic vomiting in Shiraz, southern Iran. Methods and Patients: This study was performed in Nemazee Hospital, territory health care center affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from 2000 to 2010. Medical files were reviewed and data was collected by means of a checklist. Patients were divided into two groups including 1-13 years of age as children and those 13-18 years of age as adolescents. Results: Overall, 43 patients with CVS were included, among whom there were 26 (60.5%) females. The mean age at first attack was found to be 6.2 (3.7) years. Ten patients (23.3%) had a family history of migraine among which there were 8 females. The most common clinical complaint was found to be abdominal pain in 32 (74.4%) patients. GI (gastrointestinal) disorders were more common in the adolescent group rather than the children group (p=0.007).The most common trigger factor was upper respiratory tract infection (URI) detected in 13 patients (30.2%).The most associated disorder was abdominal migraine in 5 (11.6%) patients. Anemia was more common in the adolescent group (p=0.009) than in the children’s group .There were no radiological and laboratory abnormalities among these patients. The most commonly used medications were anti-migraines in 31 (72.0%) patients.Conclusion: as there is no definite drug for CVS, knowing the common trigger factors which culminate in CVS in each region can be of great importance and can prevent attacks in the prodromal phase. [GMJ. 2012;1(1):29-34]
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Ebrahimpour, Adel, Mohammadreza Chehrassan, Mehrdad Sadighi, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Amin Karimi, Alireza Raeisi, Alireza Zali, and Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari. "Mobile Spine Osseous Sarcoma: Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis Based on a National Population-Based Study." Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.89.
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Background: Primary osseous sarcomas of the mobile spine are rare bony tumors. Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, chordoma and osteosarcoma constitute the majority of primary bone sarcomas of the spine; however, other rare sarcoma tumors may also affect the spine. In order to perform an epidemiological study of theses tumors, national registries may help to evaluate data for populations with similar characteristics. Methods: A population-based study was designed based on data from the Iran National Cancer Registry (INCR). All morphology codes (M-Code) of primary osseous sarcomas of the mobile spine (C-code 41.2) were derived and analyzed. Results: Among 186 patients with primary osseous sarcomas of the mobile spine, 67.2% were men and 32.8% were women. The median (IQR) age was 37.0 (20.0–59.0) years and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 0.37 per million. The majority of cases of Ewing sarcoma (29.5%) were observed in the age group 20–25 years. Among male patients with chondrosarcoma, the median age was 39.0 (30.0–50.0), while females showed a median age of 56.0 (50.0–59.0). The median age of patients with chordoma was 54.0 (47.0–63.0) years. The crude incidence rate of mobile spine osteosarcoma was 0.04 per million. Conclusion: Ewing sarcoma was the most frequent primary osseous sarcoma of the mobile spine. A male predilection was observed among all major sarcomas of the mobile spine. Ewing sarcoma in Iran affects the mobile spine in slightly older ages compared to other studies. Myxoid chondrosarcoma is the most frequent subtype of the mobile spine chondrosarcoma. Chordoma affects male in older ages compared to females. In contrast with other studies which showed a bimodal distribution of osteosarcoma of the spine including young adult and older age groups, 86% of cases in Iran were in the age group of 10–40 years.
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Alansari, Bader M. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SIXTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.651.
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This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scale: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan, Algiers, Yemen and Syria, while there was no significant difference in anxiety between the genders in the following five countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Sudan, Emirates and Palestine. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Adelkhah, Fariba. "Au-delà du voile, Femmes musulmanes en Iran, Marie-Claude Lutrand and Behdjat Yazdekhasti, Paris: L'Harmattan, 2003, ISBN 2-7475-3396-4, 368pp." Iranian Studies 37, no. 1 (March 2004): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021086200015176.
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Lotfnezhad Afshar, Hadi. "E-Health Literacy and Factors Affecting it in Patients Admitted to a University Hospital in Iran." Electronic Physician 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 7891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2008-5842-vol14iss2p7891-7897.
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Background: Rapid ICT advancements have affected all aspects of life, and healthcare is no exception. Given the significance of E-Health literacy in the current century and its effect on society and the healthcare system, it seems necessary for patients to have adequate health literacy. However, the lack of essential health literacy leads to the low self-management of diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate E-Health literacy and factors affecting it in patients admitted to a University hospital in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Khomeini University Hospital of Urmia, Iran, in 2019. Data were collected using the Persian version of the E-Health Literacy Questionnaire filled by patients. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Personal and demographic variables were also collected, and their correlation with E-Health literacy was investigated. The Independent-samples t-test and ANOVA were used to compare different groups. Results: In this study, 200 patients (103 males and 97 females) (t/f = 41.916), (p=0.000) participated. The mean score of E-Health literacy in patients under study was 25.51 (standard deviation=5.098) which was low and unsatisfactory. Findings suggest that over half of participants were unable to identify and evaluate the quality of online health resources and over half of participants in this study trust online information although they fail to differentiate high quality resources from low quality ones. Conclusion: Identifying and assessing E-Health literacy of patients is an effective step in improving their health literacy. Findings suggest that these patients need to improve and develop their knowledge of E-Health.
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Rostam-Abadi, Yasna, Jaleh Gholami, Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili, Shahab Baheshmat, Marziyeh Hamzehzadeh, Hossein Rafiemanesh, Morteza Nasserbakht, et al. "Evidence for an increase in cannabis use in Iran – A systematic review and trend analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): e0256563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256563.
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Background and aims Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally. In this systematic review, we examined the prevalence and trends of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in Iran. Methods We searched International and Iranian databases up to March 2021. Pooled prevalence of use among sex subgroups of the general population, university and high school students, combined youth groups, and high-risk groups was estimated through random-effects model. Trends of various use indicators and national seizures were examined. Results Ninety studies were included. The prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 1.3% (95%CI: 0.1–3.6) and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1–0.3) among the male and female Iranian general population, respectively. The prevalence of cannabis use disorder among general population in national studies rose from 0% in 2001 to 0.5% in 2011. In the 2016–2020 period, the pooled prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4–6.7) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0–1.3) among males and females of “combined youth groups”, respectively. The linear trend of last 12-month cannabis use among males of "combined youth groups" and among female university students increased significantly from 2000 to 2020. Conclusions Prevalence of cannabis use in Iran is low compared to many countries. However, there is strong evidence of an increase in cannabis use among the youth and some evidence for an increase in cannabis use disorder.
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Tabatabaei-Malazy, Ozra, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Nazila Rezaei, Ali Sheidaei, Mohammad Javad Hajipour, Negar Mahmoudi, Zohreh Mahmoudi, et al. "A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; a comparative analysis of six definitions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0241926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241926.
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Introduction To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO’s STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016. Materials and methods The prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicity-specific values of waist circumference for the country. Results National prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4–39.1), 43.5% (42.7–44.4), 40.9% (40.1–41.8), 47.6% (46.8–48.5), 32.0% (31.2–32.9), and 40.8% (40.0–41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65–69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity. Conclusion High prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors.
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ahmadi, Nastaran, Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh, Seyed Mahmood Sadr Bafghi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Masoud Mirzaei, Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Reza Faraji, Neda Nilforoshan, and Ahmad Karimi. "Age-, sex-, and height-based blood pressure reference charts, Yazd children 6–18 years, Iran." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 63, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00094.
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Background: Pediatric hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations.Purpose: To examine pediatric hypertension in a clinical setting, we used the percentile rank approach and defined hypertension as that above the 95th percentile.Methods: The present study was linked to the a national analytical cross-sectional community-based Iranian Children and Adolescents’ Psychiatric Disorders (IRCAP) survey. The survey was nationwide and funded by the National Institute of Medical Research Development. The IRCAP survey included 31,000 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years in all 31 Iran provinces. The current study included 1,035 children and adolescents and linked the data of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease only in Yazd province via random cluster sampling.Results: Of the total participants, 456 (44.1%) were male and 579 (55.9%) were female. The mean age was 11.2±3.8 years (11.7±3.7 years for males, 11.0±3.6 years for females), while mean height was 146±20.0 cm overall, 147.2±22.0 cm for males, and 144.6±17.0 cm for females (P=0.009). The blood pressure distributions and percentiles were evaluated.Conclusion: Here we determined age- and height-specific 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Yazd boys and girls using 10-cm height intervals.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Observations on the age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province – Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.2.243-248.
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Age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province have been investigated. Monthly samples were taken during the period from September 1999 to August 2000, using small-meshed gill nets. The age data showed that there were six age groups and the dominant age groups were (III – IV) for both sexes. The results of the present study revealed that the increment in length of V. damascinus at the sites of study showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in age, after the third year of life in both sexes. The length-weight relationship of males and females were calculated and demonstrated in a straight line logarithmic formula, as follows: Log W = 1.5404 + 2.6885 log L for males r = 0.95 (P > 0.05) Log W = 1.6723 + 2.7877 log L for females r = 0.77 (P > 0.05) The values of the regression coefficient (b) indicated that the growth of both sexes of V. damascinus was allometric..
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Dauod, Hussain A. M., Qatar Al-Nada A. Al-Ibady, and Riyad A. Abid Al-Jabbar. "Observations on the age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province – Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2008.5.2.243-248.
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Age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province have been investigated. Monthly samples were taken during the period from September 1999 to August 2000, using small-meshed gill nets. The age data showed that there were six age groups and the dominant age groups were (III – IV) for both sexes. The results of the present study revealed that the increment in length of V. damascinus at the sites of study showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in age, after the third year of life in both sexes. The length-weight relationship of males and females were calculated and demonstrated in a straight line logarithmic formula, as follows: Log W = 1.5404 + 2.6885 log L for males r = 0.95 (P > 0.05) Log W = 1.6723 + 2.7877 log L for females r = 0.77 (P > 0.05) The values of the regression coefficient (b) indicated that the growth of both sexes of V. damascinus was allometric..
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Varmaghani, Mehdi, Farshad Sharifi, Parinaz Mehdipour, Ali Sheidaei, Shirin Djalalinia, Kimiya Gohari, Mitra Modirian, et al. "Prevalence of Smoking among Iranian Adults: Findings of the National STEPs Survey 2016." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.29.
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Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important avoidable causes of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to report the crude and standardized prevalence of current, ever, and secondhand smoking at national and provincial levels. Methods: This study was performed through an analysis of the results of the STEPs survey 2016, which was conducted as a cross-sectional national study. The samples were selected via multistage cluster sampling and they were representative of general population aged ≥18 years in all provinces of Iran. All the data were analyzed via survey analysis while considering population weights. Age-standardized prevalence was also calculated for the Iranian national population in 2016 and the World Health Organization (WHO) Population 2000-2025. Results: A total of 29963 subjects aged ≥18 years from all provinces of Iran, except for Qom, participated in this study. The age standardized prevalence of current tobacco smoking among adult males and females were 24.4% (95% CI: 23.6%–25.1%) and 3.8% (95% CI: 3.5%–4.1%), respectively. Among the participants, the majority of the current smokers were among those aged 45-54 years (14.5%; 95% CI: 13.6%–15.5%). With increase in age, the prevalence of secondhand smoking decreased to 34.8% (95% CI: 33.3%–36.7%) among people aged 18–24 years and to 22·6% (95% CI: 21.0%–24.3%) among subjects over 70 years. Conclusion: The result of the study can be used to inform policy makers about the status of smoking and help them to design policies for setting rules on and limiting the import of cigarettes and their components to the country.
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Hunnosh, Mohammed M., Maher M. H. ALAkori, and Mohamed M. Al-Ani. "Neonatal mortality rate in Al-ramadi province from Period (2003 to 2013), Retrospective study." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 59, no. 1 (April 2, 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.591160.
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Background: neonatal period is the most vulnerable and high risk time in the life because of the highest mortality incidence in human life during this period. Neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths twenty seven completed days of live per 1000 live births.Objectives: To determine the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Al-Ramadi province, the center of Al-Anbar Governorate, Western Iraq, from 2003-2013 with rate comparison of the two different stages of that period.Methods: Data were collected from the births and deaths certificate center in Al- Ramadi province, Western Iraq, included; age, sex, address ,date of birth and cause of death. Data collected in two different periods, the first period from 2003- 2007 and the second period from 2008- 2013. The neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) were analyzed and compared with other studies.Results: The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) of the first period was 34.5/1000 and neonatal mortality rates NMR of the second period was 24.3/1000. During the 11 studied years the higher rate of neonatal mortality was in 2006 (36.8/1000) and lower rate in 2012 (21.3/1000). Approximately two-third of neonatal deaths occurred during the early neonatal period and one third in the late neonatal period. Males had higher neonatal rate (NMR) than females, and rural residence higher than urban.Conclusions: Al-Ramadi province had high neonatal mortality rate comparing with national Iraqi neonatal mortality rate (NMR) ,due to deterioration of socioeconomic and security conditions. There was significant association between NMR and residency and significant association between NMR and gender.
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Eshraghi, Mohsen, Roghayeh Norouzi, Babak Aghili, Marzieh Hendijani Fard, and Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients With Hydatid Cysts in Qom Province Hospitals From 2001 to 2019." Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.06.
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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus, is a common human and animal disease that occurs worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of patients with hydatid cyst in surgical cases from 2001 to 2019 in Qom hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Qom province, the center of Iran, from 2001 to 2019. The study population included all cases with hydatid cyst who operated in governmental and private hospitals. The participants’ characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, place of residence, organ involved, clinical signs and, diagnosis and treatment methods were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (version 23) software package. Results: The results revealed that 53.21% and 46.79% of patients were females and males, respectively. Most cases were uban residents (57.69%), and 62.18% of them were housewives. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cysts reported in 73.7% of patients. The main diagnostic procedures were computed tomography scanning and indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Abdominal pain was reported in 62.2% of cases, and the most common treatment method for the disease was surgical (84.6%). Further, recurrence occurred in 13.47% of patients. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the majority of patients with CE were housewives. Therefore, proper washing of fruits and vegetables is very important. To prevent the occurrence of CE, the public awareness level should be increased. In addition, educational programs must be conducted by the Ministry of Health to identify whether the control measures are needed in the high risk population.
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Rahif, R. H. "Biological Characterstics Of Buffaloes Hydatid Cysts." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 29, no. 2 (December 31, 2005): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v29i2.850.
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Hydatid cysts infection rate was 13.56% in buffaloes, slaughtered at Al-Diwania abbatoir, Al-Qaddisia province,Iraq, during the time period from July,2000 to June, 2001.The only infected animals were the females, and the higher rateof infection was found in those aged buffaloes. Lungs,livers, livers and lungs wereinfected with 50%, 37.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The total rate of hydatid cystsfertility was 53.85%, and the sterile, caseated and calcified cysts were 23.08%, 11,54% and 11.5%, respectively. The mean total rate of viability of protoscoleces was73.91%, and that of livers and lungs protoscoleces were 82.62% and 70.60%.Results denoted that the numbers of protoscoleces was increased proportionallywith size of their cysts, and in contrary to that the viability of protoscolecesdiminished with the increase size of cysts. The study concluded that buffaloes havean important role in maintaining the life cycle and epidemiology of Echinococcusgranuolosus in dogs in those areas where buffaloes are raised, and this is incontroversy with the claims of previous authors.
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Mohebbi, Hassan Ali, Shaban Mehrvarz, Masoud Saghafinia, Yadollah Rezaei, Seyed Mohsen Towliat Kashani, Seyed Morteza Moussavi Naeeni, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar Motamedi, Seyed Hamed Hoseini, and Yashar Moharamzad. "Earthquake Related Injuries: Assessment of 854 Victims of the 2003 Bam Disaster Transported to Tertiary Referral Hospitals." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 6 (December 2008): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006336.
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AbstractBackground:In December 2003, the residents of Bam, Iran experienced an earthquake that measured 6.6 on the Richter scale and destroyed >90% of the city. After the assessment and initial treatment of injuries at national and international field hospitals, a considerable number of victims (approximately 12,000) were transferred to tertiary referral hospitals around the country. Objective: This report evaluated the injuries of 854 victims transferred to 12 referral hospitals in Tehran.Methods:The demographic data, injury patterns, injury severity score (ISS), diagnosis, treatment, and outcome data of 854 Bam earthquake victims were assessed.Results:There were 467 (54.7%) males and 387 (45.3%) females. The mean age of the patients was 29.0 years. Transportation by aircraft was the most common method used for evacuation, which was used to evacuate 555 patients (65%). Fifty-four percent of the victims required initial medical aid at field hospitals before transportation to Tehran. There were 1,322 patients with injuries, of which, fractures of the lower extremities were the most common (331; 25%). Limb fixation was the most commonly performed primary procedure in emergency wards (389 cases, 39.9%). The mean value ±SD for ISS was 6.7 ±5.2. Orthopedic operations were the most frequent surgical procedures performed (195/260 operations, 75%) and the overall mortality rate was 1.6% (n = 14).Conclusions:Along with the crucial importance of aid provided by national and international field hospitals in disasters, suitable triage of casualties and preparedness of tertiary referral centers in unaffected regions also play an important role in providing medical care to disaster victims. During these situations, the number of victims cannot be predicted accurately, and sufficient medical care, particularly for orthopedic problems, can be provided by referral centers.
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Sepehri, Gholamreza, and Manzumeh-Shamsi Meimandi. "Pattern of Drug Prescription and Utilization among Bam Residents during the First Six Months after the 2003 Bam Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004106.
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AbstractIntroduction:It is important to identify what kinds of drugs are required by disaster-affected populations so that appropriate donations are allocated. On 26 December 2003, an earthquake with an amplitude of 6.3 on the Richter scale struck southeastern Iran, decimating the city of Bam. In this study, the most frequently utilized and prescribed drugs for Bam outpatients during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake were investigated.Methods:In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the data were collected randomly from 3,000 prescriptions of Bam outpatients who were examined by general practitioners from Emergency Medical Assistance Teams in 12 healthcare centers during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake. The data were analyzed for: (1) patient sex; (2) number of drugs/prescriptions; (3) drug category; (4) drug name (generic or brand); (5) route of administration; (6) percent of visits where the most frequent drug categories were prescribed; and (7) the 25 most frequently prescribed drugs, using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators of drug use in health facilities.Results:Male patients represented 47.4% and females 52.6% of the total number of outpatients. The mean number of drugs/prescriptions was 3.5 per outpatient. Oral administration was the most frequent method of administration (81.7%), followed by injections (10.9%). Respiratory drugs were the most frequently used drugs (14.2%), followed by analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) (11.3%), antibacterials (11.2%), gastroinestinal (GI) drugs (9.6%), and central nervous system drugs (7%). Penicillins (6.8%), cold preparations (8%), and systemic anti-acids (ranitidine and omeprazole) were among the 25 most frequently used drugs by outpatients and inhabitants of Bam during the first six months after the Bam Earthquake.Conclusion:Respiratory, analgesic, antibacterial, gastrointestinal, and psychiatric medications were among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals after the catastrophic Bam Earthquake.The results of this study may help to predict the needs of patients during future disasters and prevent unnecessary donations of medicine.
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Aubert, Matthieu, Andreas Müller, and Christophe Praz. "A new osmiine bee with a spectacular geographic disjunction: Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Anthophila, Megachilidae)." Alpine Entomology 8 (March 20, 2024): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.8.118039.
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A new osmiine bee species, Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevaesp. nov. (Megachilidae), is described. So far, this species is exclusively known from the Mercantour National Park in the southwestern French Alps and from mountainous ranges in Turkey and northern Iraq, two areas separated by at least 2000 km. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes revealed that H. onosmaevae is closely related to H. adunca (Panzer, 1798), H. benoisti (Alfken, 1935) and H. manicata (Morice, 1901). Hoplitis onosmaevae is presumably narrowly oligolectic and harvests pollen only on flowers of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae). It has a particularly long proboscis, which is probably an adaptation to collect nectar from the long-tubed flowers of this plant genus. The females collect pollen by buzzing the Onosma flowers, a rare behavior in megachilid bees. The species nests in insect burrows in dead wood, similar to H. adunca and H. manicata but unlike other closely related representatives of the subgenus Hoplitis, suggesting a single origin of nesting in dead wood and hollow stems in this lineage. In France, H. onosmaevae inhabits alpine steppe-like habitats close to forests and appears to be extremely local, since only two populations are currently known. The conservation status of this extremely rare bee species in Europe is discussed.
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Abdulla, Khanda, Khalid Salih, and Bakir Rashid. "THE OUTCOME OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN SULAIMANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ." JOURNAL OF SULAIMANI MEDICAL COLLEGE 13, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10396.
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Background
The most significant and pervasive health issue faced the globe during the last 2years was coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Patients diagnosed with childhood cancer may have impaired immune systems due to their illness or therapy, increasing their vulnerability to COVID-19 infection.
Objectives
To determine the outcome of COVID-19 in children with malignancy who received chemotherapy, explain characteristic features, and assess the severity of COVID-19 among haematological vs oncological malignancies
Patients and Methods
This Retro-prospective cohort study was carried out in the Hiwa oncology Hospital in the Sulaimaniyah governorate from November 2021 to February 2022 on 70 children with cancer using PCR to confirm their COVID-19 infection (60 haematological cases and ten oncological cases).
Results
Among the total 70 patients involved in the study, 52.9% were males, 47.1% were females, and their mean age was 8.83 ± 4.3. About sixty-two (90%) cases had haematological malignancies, and 8(10%) had oncological malignancies. The most predominant symptom was fever (82.9%), followed by cough (67.1%). On the other hand, 58 (82.9%) cases had mild disease, and 8 (11.4%) had the moderate disease. Chest x-ray infiltration was found in 12 (17.1%) cases; 14 (20.0%) children needed hospital admission, only 1 (1.4%) case required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 6 (8.6%) patients needed O2 therapy. Sixty-seven children recovered from COVID-19, and three children died.
Conclusion
Most children with cancer (CwC) had mild infections and were outpatients with benign outcomes. Haematological malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), are the commonest malignancies among COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 patients were symptomatic, with fever and cough being the predominant symptoms.
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Haghighatkhah, Motahare, Zeinab Ghorbani, Azin Vakilpour, Elahe Pouryousefi, Heydar Ali Balou, and Marjan Mahdavi Roshan. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS SCORE IN ICU-HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS INDICATES HIGHER NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG POST CABG SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE NORTH OF IRAN." Pakistan Heart Journal 55, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i4.2265.
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Objectives: The current cross-sectional study intended to provide a comparative evaluation of nutritional status in the intensive care unit (ICU)-hospitalized patients according to the reasons for admission. Methodology: A total of 258 patients hospitalized for >24-hour in the ICU between February 2020- July 2021 were included. The subjects were categorized into five categories: burned injury (n=27), COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders (n=64), post coronary artery bypass graft surgery (post-CABG) (n=50), trauma (n=57), and miscellaneous causes (n=60). A modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score was applied to explore the nutritional status of the patients. Results: On average, the patients were 58± 16 years old that 46% (n=119) of them were females. The mean± SD of mNUTRIC score among patients with burned 2±1 and COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders 2±1 tended to be significantly lower than the others, including post-CABG 3±0 and patients with miscellaneous causes 3±2 (p-value=0.001). According to mNUTRIC score classifications, the majority of those who were transferred to ICU with burn or COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders were at low nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:0-<3) (66.70%, and 67.20%, respectively); whereas relatively all post CABG subjects were at intermediate nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:3-<5) (n= 48, 96.00%). A greater proportion of subjects in the miscellaneous category (n=12, 20.00%) were at high nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:5-9) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: It was revealed that approximately all post CABG and those admitted to ICU with miscellaneous causes were at a higher risk for impaired nutritional status and may require more in-depth evaluation for providing earlier nutritional support.
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Jensen, Guy W., Riyadh Lafta, Gilbert Burnham, Amy Hagopian, Noah Simon, and Abraham D. Flaxman. "Conflict-related intentional injuries in Baghdad, Iraq, 2003–2014: A modeling study and proposed method for calculating burden of injury in conflict." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e1003673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003673.
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Background Previous research has focused on the mortality associated with armed conflict as the primary measure of the population health effects of war. However, mortality only demonstrates part of the burden placed on a population by conflict. Injuries and resultant disabilities also have long-term effects on a population and are not accounted for in estimates that focus solely on mortality. Our aim was to demonstrate a new method to describe the effects of both lives lost, and years of disability generated by a given conflict, with data from the US-led 2003 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq. Methods and findings Our data come from interviews conducted in 2014 in 900 Baghdad households containing 5,148 persons. The average household size was 5.72 persons. The majority of the population (55.8%) were between the ages of 19 and 60. Household composition was evenly divided between males and females. Household sample collection was based on methodology previously designed for surveying households in war zones. Survey questions were answered by the head of household or senior adult present. The questions included year the injury occurred, the mechanism of injury, the body parts injured, whether injury resulted in disability and, if so, the length of disability. We present this modeling study to offer an innovative methodology for measuring “years lived with disability” (YLDs) and “years of life lost” (YLLs) attributable to conflict-related intentional injuries, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) approach. YLDs were calculated with disability weights, and YLLs were calculated by comparing the age at death to the GBD standard life table to calculate remaining life expectancy. Calculations were also performed using Iraq-specific life expectancy for comparison. We calculated a burden of injury of 5.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to conflict-related injuries in Baghdad from 2003 to 2014. The majority of DALYs lost were attributable to YLLs, rather than YLDs, 4.99 million YLLs lost (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.87 million to 6.13 million) versus 616,000 YLDs lost (95% UI 399,000 to 894,000). Cause-based analysis demonstrated that more DALYs were lost to due to gunshot wounds (57%) than any other cause. Our study has several limitations. Recall bias regarding the reporting and attribution of injuries is possible. Second, we have no data past the time of the interview, so we assumed individuals with ongoing disability at the end of data collection would not recover, possibly counting more disability for injuries occurring later. Additionally, incomplete data could have led to misclassification of deaths, resulting in an underestimation of the total burden of injury. Conclusions In this study, we propose a methodology to perform burden of disease calculations for conflict-related injuries (expressed in DALYs) in Baghdad from 2003 to 2014. We go beyond previous reports of simple mortality to assess long-term population health effects of conflict-related intentional injuries. Ongoing disability is, in cross section, a relatively small 10% of the total burden. Yet, this small proportion creates years of demands on the health system, persistent limitations in earning capacity, and continuing burdens of care provision on family members.
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Hamid Ayyash, Mazin, and Sura Saad Abdlkadir. "Intralesional Acyclovir for Cutaneous Warts." Sumer 4 8, CSS 4 (October 15, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.87.
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Cutaneous warts are a common skin problem in routine dermatological practice. There are many clinical modalities, but there are failure and recurrence. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional acyclovir in treating cutaneous warts. An analytic clinical trial study was conducted in Iraq/Baghdad/Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from November 2021 to May 2022. The current study adopted A convenient sampling method to enroll 30 patients with cutaneous warts. The patients had intralesional acyclovir (70 mg/ml) injected into warts. The treatment was repeated at two-week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of 5 sessions. According to the current study's results, 30 patients were enrolled in the current study. The mean age was 23.7 (±12.7) years. Most of the patients had an age of more than 14 years. Females constituted more than half of the sample. Regarding the treatment outcome, 19 (63.3%) patients were cured, and 10 (33.3%) failed to cure. In comparison, one patient had a recurrence after being cured in three sessions. Regarding the patients who were cured, 8 (42.1%) patients were cured in two sessions, 6 (31.6%) were cured in three sessions, 2 (10.5%) were cured in one session, and 2 (10.5%) patients were cured in four sessions. In contrast, 1 (5.3%) patient was cured in five sessions. Severe pain during injection was the commonest side effect (66.6%), followed by bullous reaction (30%0), bleeding at the site of injection (20.0), and pain for a few days (16.7%). In conclusion, intralesional acyclovir was found to be effective and safe with few and transient side effects. Keyword: Cutaneous; Patients; Bleeding.
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Almurshedi, Intisar Mahdi Kadhim, Amel Mustafa Kamil, and Aqeel Abbas Noaman. "Evaluation of Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Imam Sadiq Teaching Hospital at Babylon City." Journal of Techniques 4, no. 33 (November 15, 2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v4i33.632.
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a term referring to blood clots in the veins, is an underdiagnosed and dangerous, yet avoidable, medical illness that can result in disability and mortality. When a blood clot develops in a deep vein, commonly in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, it is referred to as a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). To evaluate the risk factors of VTE between cases and controls in the hospital Imam Sadiq Teaching in Babylon City and to predict variables that contribute to the risk factors of VTE among the studied samples. The study was conducted in a hospital, Imam Sadiq Teaching in Babylon, Iraq, and was designed as a case control. There were 165 participants (55 cases and 110 controls). Data was collected during a four-month period. The findings show that there are no significant sociodemographic risk factors for VTE, with the most significant being obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (p. value < 0.05) among patients. The frequency of exercise in patients with VTE and the control group was 20.0%, 36.4% respectively, at a significant level (P. value < 0.05). There was no significant association between risk factors for females and VTE (P. value > 0.05) except for used contraceptive pills and a history of a cesarean operation. There was no significant link between medical history and the outcome of this investigation (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and lung diseases) ... except kidney disease was likely at a higher risk of VTE than participants who had no kidney disease. Although there is no significant relationship between sociodemographic and VTE, the study found that there was a very high correlation between the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, caesarean sections, oral contraceptives, and renal disease with VTE.
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Fioredda, Francesca, Liesbeth C. de Wreede, Michaela Calvillo, Bobby Gaspar, Mahmoud Aljurf, Anja van Biezen, Giuseppe Morreale, et al. "Outcomes Of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Severe Congenital Neutropenia (SCN): Preliminary Results." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3355.3355.
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Abstract Introduction Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is indicated in patients affected with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) who transformed into myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia or in low responders to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. The outcome of HSCT in SCN is not well known because the experience is based on single case report or on small series. Aim of the study describe outcomes of HSCT in SCN patients in a large cohort using EBMT data base. Methods and Patients all patients registered in the EBMT data base affected with severe congenital neutropenia (severe neutropenia diagnosed early in life with bone marrow block at promyelocytes stage in the bone marrow and G-CSF dependency) were considered eligible for the study. Data regarding HSCT and outcome were extracted from the “general” EBMT registry, while data on the history of disease before HSCT, was collected through a specific CRF sent to all the participating centers. Here we report preliminary of this survey. Results A total of 119 patients from 19 participating countries were considered eligible for the study; 66% of the eligibile patients originated from Western Europe and 34% from Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean area (Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia,Turkey and Russia). Females were 51% of the cohort. Median age at diagnosis of neutropenia was 0.35 years (0-35.4y), while median age at first transplant was 4.8 years (range 0.2-43y). Four patients were affected with MDS at time of transplant. The cell source was bone marrow (BM) in 56%, peripheral blood (PB) in 26% and cord blood (CB) 18%. Fiftypercent of patients were engrated from a related and 50% from an unrelated donor. Conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 86% and at reduced intensity (RIC) in 14% of the cohort Engraftment was documented in 91%; 5% has no engraftment while 4% lost the engraftment for a total of 10 patients. Chimerism was assessed only in 30% of the patients. Six of the 10 patients who had graft failure died after first transplant. Four underwent a second HSCT and 2 are alive2 died (2 alive and 2 death).Overall 22 patients (18.5%) died while the remaining 97 were alive (81.5%). Causes of death were GVDH 23%, Infection 23%, organ failure 18% and “other causes” 27%. Nine percent of patients died because of relapse/progression of the disease. Transplant related mortality was assessed at 17% on the whole cohort. Acute GVDH grade 1-2 was documented in 31% grade 3-4 in 14% and no GVDH in 54%. The 5-year OS and EFS rate was respectively 77% and 70 % in the whole cohort. The 5-year OS according to HLA identical donor and matched unrelated was respectively 83% and 79% (p=0.99, log-rank). Also the OS according to source of cells (5-year OS: CB 85%, PB 79% and BM 62% was not significant (p =0.13). Likewise no significant difference was found in EFS (CB 85% BM 75% and PB 52% p =0.08). OS by age of patients (5-year OS: 82 % for patients aged 0-2y, 83 % for age 2-5 y, 83% for age 5-10 and 60% for subjects aged above 10y) (p=0.07) and by period of HSCT: (90% between 2008-2012, 75% between 2001-2007 and 64% before 2000) were again not significant. No difference was also seen in OS and EFS according to myeloablative conditioning regimen and RIC. Conclusion this preliminary analysis indicate that the 5-year survival in transplanted SCN patients is close to 80% with no difference between matched related and unrelated donor. TRM is still a not negligible and close to 17%. There is a trend towards a more favourable survival in patients younger than 5 years at time of transplant, in those transplanted with cord blood and after the year 2000. Disclosures: Marsh: Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Dufour:Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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"The Underrepresentation of Iranian Females in Business Leadership Positions: A Qualitative Case Study." Journal of International Business and Management, April 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37227/jibm-2021-02-98.
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Although 60% of university students in Iran are females as a result of huge investments in women’s education, highly educated females occupy only 10% of leadership positions (Arasti, 2012). The purpose of this study was to clarify from Iranian female business leaders’ perspective the reason or reasons behind such a gap. In this research female business leaders explain their perception about barriers that hinder Iranian females from obtaining higher positions in business organizations. This research was conducted in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, and data was gathered by interviewing female business leaders who have experienced obstacles and barriers to obtaining higher positions. Based on the research questions, familial, cultural, and political barriers were studied and findings were analysed and evaluated. Because there are similarities between Iran and other Middle Eastern countries (Owen, 2000), the findings of this study may be significant to understand obstacles that females in Middle Eastern countries face in their progress to their empowerment and occupying decision-making positions. Keywords: Women, Leadership, Iran, Discrimination, Glass ceiling, Business, Organization, Female
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Moghadamizad, Zeinab, Javad Yazdizadeh Khalili, Meysam Olfatifar, Milad Badri, and Sasan Khazaei. "The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among the female population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis." International Health, August 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihad059.
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Abstract Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite and probably one of the main causes of adverse birth outcomes. Still, there is a paucity of information regarding the burden of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian women. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on trichomoniasis among females in Iran from January 2000 to January 2023. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, Magiran and Iran Doc) and identified 108 articles with a total of 200 728 women. Using a random effects model, we found a pooled prevalence of 4.30% (95% CI 3.23 to 5.52%). Subgroup analysis, also, demonstrated a statistically significant association between the T. vaginalis prevalence in Iranian women, and the age range, city, sample type, being in prison, sex working and symptomatic infections. Our findings provide important information for healthcare authorities and can inform prevention strategies against trichomoniasis in Iran.
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Dehghani, Samaneh, Arefe Abedinzade, and Mohebat Vali. "Ambient air pollution exposure and thyroid cancer incidence in Iran." Journal of Air Pollution and Health, October 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/japh.v6i1.7603.
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Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant that is three times more prevalent in women than men. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been indicated to affect Thyroid Hormone (TH) homeostasis. We sought to estimate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of thyroid cancer in the Iranian female population.
Materials and methods: We extracted thyroid cancer incidence and ambient air pollution data from Iran from 2000 to 2019 for males and females for all age groups from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset. We entered the data into Joinpoint to present Annual Percent Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) and its confidence intervals. We entered the information into R3.5.0.
Results: Thyroid cancer in females had an upward trend [AAPC=4.9% (4.2-5.6)]. There was a correlation between ambient PM pollution (p≤0.001, r=0.84) and ambient ozone pollution (p≤0.001, r=0.94), and the incidence of thyroid cancer in females. The results of the analysis also showed a significant relationship between thyroid cancer incidence in females and secondhand smoke (p≤0.001, r=0.74).
Conclusion: This study indicated increasing trends in thyroid cancer incidence with exposure to ambient air pollution. Our novel findings provide additional insight into the potential associations between risk factors and thyroid cancer and warrant further investigation, specifically in areas with high levels of air pollution both nationally and internationally. However, causal relationships cannot be fully supported via ecological studies, and this article only focuses on Iran.
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Kian-Thiébaut, Azadeh. "Towseʽe va čāleš-hā-ye zanān-e Īrān. Tehrān, Qaṭre, 1381/2003, 302 p. [Développement et luttes des femmes en Iran]." Abstracta Iranica, Volume 26 (May 15, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/abstractairanica.1734.
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Nazarianpirdosti, Mohammad, Arsalan Abdi, Alireza Abdi, and Uosef Ramazani. "Smoking among High School Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, March 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v16i2.5823.
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Objective: Cigarette smoking is an important and preventable risk factor, especially for adolescents and high school students. This issue has become one of the challenges for health system. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking among Iranian high school students.
Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was done by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web Science (WOS), Science Direct, SID, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “student” and “smoking” from 2000 to March 2018. After initial and critical appraisal, data were entered into a checklist and analyzed by a comprehensive meta-analysis software.
Results: The prevalence of smoking was 7.9% by combining the results of 49 articles. Males and females had 10.6% and 4.5% smoking prevalence, respectively. The overall prevalence of smoking was higher in northern areas in Iran (22.4%). Males in the northern (22.4%) and females in western regions (5.3%) were more smokers. There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of smoking with the year of publication, sample size, and age (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study, Students' tendency to smoke was different in various regions of Iran, and had a high rate (7.9%). This figure indicates the necessity for planning some coherent educational programs for the public.
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Rédaction. "« Zanân, kâr va eslâm-e siyasi ». Iran Nameh, volume XX, N° 4, (automne 2002), pp. 489 - 508. [Les femmes, le travail et l’islam politique]." Abstracta Iranica, Volume 26 (May 15, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/abstractairanica.1714.
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Al-Hashimi, Muzahem Mohammed, and Hasmek Antranik Warttan. "Modelling count data with an excess of zero values applied to childhood bone tumour incidence in Iraq." Geospatial Health 16, no. 1 (March 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2021.873.
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Bone tumours are rarely found in children and adolescents (0- 19 years old), but there are reports from some provinces in Iraq indicating possible increases in the incidence of childhood bone cancer. Since counts are very low and often zero, or near zero, we fitted zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, Poisson hurdle, and negative binomial hurdle regression models to investigate these changes. We used data covering the 2000-2015 period taking age, gender and province into account with the aim of identifying potential health disparities. The results indicate that the zero-inflated Poisson is the most appropriate approach. We also found that, the incidence rate ratio of bone tumours for age groups of 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years were 134%, 490% and 723% higher, respectively, compared to the 0-4 year olds. The incidence rate was higher by 49% higher in males compared to females. Compared to 2000-2004, the rate was higher during 2005-2009 and 2010-2015 by 23% and 50%, respectively. In addition, the provinces Al-Muthana and Al-Diwaniyah in the South were found to have a higher incidence rate than other provinces. Join point analysis showed that the age-adjusted incidence rate had a significant, increasing trend, with an average percentage change of 3.1% during 2000-2015. The study suggests that further research into childhood tumours, bone tumours in particular, is needed. Reference to the effect of environmental factors in this group of medical disorders would be of special interest.
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Pollari, Francesco, Paolo Nardi, Elisa Mikus, Francesco Ferraro, Marco Gemelli, Ilaria Franzese, Ilaria Chirichilli, et al. "Comparison of 4 mortality scores for surgical repair of type A aortic dissection: a multicenter external validation." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, January 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezae005.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES In last decades, 4 different scores for prediction of mortality following surgery for type A acute aortic dissection (TAAD) were proposed. We aimed to validate these scores in a large external multicentre cohort. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for TAAD between 2000 and 2020. Patients were enrolled from 10 centers from 2 European countries. Outcomes were the early (30-days and/or in-hospital), and 1-year mortality. Discrimination, calibration and observed/expected (O/E) ratio were evaluated. RESULTS 1895 patients (31.7% females, mean age 63.72 ± 12.8 years) were included in the study. 30-days and in-hospital mortality were 21.7% (n = 412) and 22.5% (n = 427) respectively. The GERAADA score shows to have the best discrimination (AUC 0.671 and 0.672) in predicting as well the early and the 1-year mortality, followed by the IRAD Model 1 (AUC 0.658 and 0.672), the Centofanti (AUC 0.645 and 0.66) and the UK-Aortic Score (AUC 0.549 and 0.563). According to Hosmer-Lemeshow and Brier tests, the IRAD Model I and GERAADA respectively were well calibrated for the early mortality, while the GERAADA and Centofanti for the 1-year mortality. The O/E analysis showed a marked underestimation for patients labelled as low-risk for UK Aortic Score and IRAD Model I for both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The GERAADA score showed the best performance in comparison with other scores. However, none of them achieved together a fair discrimination and a good calibration for predicting either the early or the 1-year mortality.
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Alafchi, Behnaz, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Leili Tapak, Mohammad Abbasi, and Hossein Mahjub. "Joint modelling of colorectal cancer recurrence and death after resection using multi-state model with cured fraction." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79969-6.
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AbstractCuring of colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs at the time of resection but it is not immediately observable. If the cancer is not completely eliminated, the patient will not be cured of cancer and will experience recurrence as the tumor has regrown to a detectable size. The main propose of the present study was to assess the effects of different covariates on the probability of being cured as well as the time-to-recurrence, and time-to-death in CRC patients by using multi-state cure model. The information of 283 patients with CRC, who underwent resection, from 2000 to 2015 in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Hamadan, Iran, were analyzed. The results of multi-state cure model reveal that females and who experience metastasis were more likely to be apparently cured. It has been shown that sex has a significant effect on the time-to-recurrence given patient was in the not cured group. The survival time of patients of the not cured group was affected by the stage of disease. However, the survival of the apparently cured patients were affected by age at diagnosis and metastasis status. The multi-state cure model provided a flexible framework to study the effects of prognostic factors simultaneously on the transition between different states and the probability of being apparently cured of CRC.