Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Féminités et masculinités'
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Huillet, Marie-Pierre. "Masculinités et féminités dans le cinéma de Quentin Tarantino : analyses filmiques et études de réception." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20066/document.
Full textIf there is indeed an area “through which societies communicate” (N. Burgh, G.Sellier, 2009 : 22), this is definitely the one of cinema. This media is a social activity that is culturally specific and strongly “constructivist” (M. Coulomb-Gully, 2011 : 10) particularly when one talks about Gender Construction. Quentin Tarantino’s filmography which covers more than twenty years of international cinema seemed to be relevant to ask ourselves the question of gender with acuteness. So as a first step of our research work, we attempted to analyze the first seven full-length feature films of this American director in order to bring an answer to our first line of research of the general problematics: which representations of femininities and masculinities and which split between femininities and masculinities do Quentin Tarantino’s movies state for us?Still, if we consider that going to the movies is an act during which “a consciousness takes another consciousness over according to very personal means” (A.Brochu, 2004 : 16), we decided to confront our own interpretation of Tarantino’s movies with other male or female moviegoers for the purpose of answering the second part of our problematics : what do male and female moviegoers see of the femininities and masculinities present in these films? To that end, we carried out comprehensive one-to-one interviews of eight male and female moviegoers. Then, we collected and analyzed their speeches which helped us to produce their portraits. These latter enabled us to experience how much “the moviegoers are ultimately the ones who give sense to a movie” (G.Sellier; 2009 : 10).The cross-cutting analysis of these speeches allowed us to question bodies, sex and sexualities, dominations, gender through the reception process but also the gender-related context of this survey
Gaucher, Julie. "Sport et genre : quand la littérature s'en mêle : féminités et masculinités dans l'écriture littéraire du sport (1920-1955)." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET2124.
Full textThis PhD studies the representation of feminities and masculinities in the French "Sport literature", when teh criteria of gender tend to be redefined (1920-1955). We defin as "Sport literature" poems, novels, theatre (etc) that develop the theme of sport
Pouillaude, Amélie. "Performances esthétiques : socialisation et évaluation des corps en twirling bâton et en gymnastique rythmique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA030.
Full textAlthough they remain important areas of practice for women, aesthetic sports are the subject of very few sociological studies. Their interest lies in the fact that they differ from "ordinary" sporting activities, in that they maintain a strong proximity to cultural and artistic practices (Mennesson and Julhe, 2012). Physical appearance constitutes a central dimension of the practitioners' socialization, as well as of the judges' evaluations in these disciplines. Thus, the thesis focuses on the question of "bodily possibilities" (Schotté, 2016) offered to practitioners and judges, as expressed through their performance ratings.The ethnographic study has been carried out in two sports fields - twirling baton and rhythmic gymnastics - which are very similar in terms of motor and regulatory aspects. However, the two disciplines promote differentiated configurations of models of gender (Connell and Messershmidt, 2015). This can be explained by a discrepancy in their social and gendered recruitment and by a differentiated degree of institutionalization. While some coaches and judges attempt to emancipate from these spaces' aesthetic and gender norms, they never succeed in overturning the established heterosexual gender order. In this way, our work brings to light "the new clothes of male domination" (De Singly, 1993) in spaces historically apprehended as paths to empowerment for women
Wang, Su. "Les identités féminines et la masculinité/féminité en Chine." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100209.
Full textThis thesis, which is part of gender studies, focuses on women's identities and masculinity/femininity in China and seeks to generate theoretical and empirical elements that respond to the following question: why, in a socialist country of more than sixty years, with a gender equality policy, radical inequalities still dominate? Three studies are proposed. The first is a genealogy work of the term "sex" which is based on the study of social discourses during Chinese modernization for the analysis of the terminology "woman" in Feminisms of different periods. Through this work, we try to understand why there is a "feminine" life in China, and how masculinities/femininities construct the "man" and "woman" in the Chinese context. The second study will be built on the social context generated by the first study and will analyze the specific case of gender representations in Chinese textbooks. The idea is to see how gender differences arise in this instrument of socialization, and if they present unequal elements that contradict the gender equality policy of the socialist state. Finally, through the study of interviews with women from the city of Chengdu, all these elements analyzed together allow us to propose a reading of female life, organized according to the implicit social practices and that make possible to observe the inconsistencies of the regulatory practices of identity
Barthélemy, Sarah. "L'appropriation du modèle jésuite comme acte fondateur. Les fidèles compagnes de Jésus (1820) : genre, sainteté et processus de légitimation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0116.
Full textIn early 19th century France, Mary Magdalene de Bengy de Bonnault d'Houët (1781-1858) founded the Faithful Companions of Jesus in order to "be a Jesuit". What did the use of the Jesuit model mean as an instrument of action? What are the masculine and feminine identities that emerge from this initiative? Situated at the crossroads of gender and religious history, based on written sources produced by women and men, as well as institutional sources, this project seeks to understand the relationship between the sexes at the individual level, through the founder and the Jesuits in her entourage, and at the collective level, through the institutionalization of the newly created congregation, faced with the Society of Jesus and the Congregations of the Roman Curia. The Church's response towards this proposal of female religious life is plural, resulting in conflicts and collaboration, regardless of its hierarchical and geographical levels.Two foundations of legitimation guide this research: on the one hand, a woman's journey and her conditions of access to authority in a male system, on the other, a woman on the margins of the Church who has become a candidate for sainthood. The hagiographical corpus, composed of multiple narratives and the “positiones”, oscillates between several gendered representations of Madame d'Houët, to finally validate a femininity that escapes what is perceived as the limits of her sex while conforming to the foundress' ideal
Morin, Carl. "Spécificité de modèles d'interaction masculinité-féminité et ajustement dyadique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5283/1/000607727.pdf.
Full textSuant, Marie-Claude. "Masculinité et féminité chez l'enfant à la phase de latence." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H016.
Full textTacking as a point a departure the books from the collection published under the name "du cote des petites filles" by "des femmes" (a publishing firm set up by militants from the "politique et psychanalyse" group, the french equivalent of women's lib movement), our research attemps to highlight the content of the militant message given to children, and the understanding that girls and boys have of it at the end of their latency period. The study is based upon two samples of 10 girls and 10 boys in the 9-11 age bracket attending the "ecole nouvelle d'antony" (a new primary situated in antony in the southern suburds of paris), where no distinction is made when it comes to education an pdagogy. The second sample is twice as large ; but again contains an equal number of boys and girls -20 of each- but this time attending a state primary school in the 13th distinct in paris. Three of the best-known books from the collection were shown to the children fromboth groups in individual one-hour sessions. When analysed, the reponses by the two groups of children showed no differences in their attitudes towards the stereotyped view of masculinity, feminity and social roles; this observation did not differ between the child'sex or educational environment. This attitude towards the stereotype among children in their latency period was related to the process of the elaboration of their sexual identity, as described by psychoanalytical theory, as well as the way the male and female are represented. The importance of the stereotype during a
Olivier, Alice. "Étudiants singuliers, hommes pluriels : orientations et socialisations masculines dans des formations "féminines" de l’enseignement supérieur." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0015.
Full textFocusing on male students in so-called “female” study paths in higher education, this thesis investigates the production of atypical trajectories and gendered socialisations. It is based on a double case study of midwifery and social work training programmes in France that combines interviews, observations and statistical analyses. While the literature on atypical trajectories of women emphasises the role of dispositions, this study of dominants in a situation of numerical minority shows the importance of contexts. Many “atypical” men are not the most disposed to opt for a “female” study path: it is above all institutional, relational, and economic logics that encourage this choice, even though individual action patterns – particularly in terms of class and gender – also play a decisive role. An analysis articulating these variables reveals four logics at the root of these atypical choices: flexibility, openness, pragmatism, and strategy. Once in training, the few men who do choose this path are subject to singularisation processes, but are also required to respect a strong norm of gender equality. Depending on the situation, they are expected to alternate between different gendered practices, i.e. to juggle with the “feminine” and the “masculine”. Mastering this gender flexibility has many benefits, but not all men know how to or can take advantage of them. This thesis thus highlights the workings of the gender order: it sheds light on the hierarchy between the sexes, but also on the hierarchy that organises men among themselves in a context of valuing diversity and equality
Roussel, Anne. "L'essence de la séduction : ses déterminations mythiques, littéraires et philosophiques : pour une validation éthique et religieuse du mythe de Don Juan." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU1016.
Full textWhat does « seducing » mean ? How to determine the essence of seduction ? Is it really possible to define the concept ? This thesis, composed of six chapters will aim at unveiling the aesthetic, philosophical and litterary determinations of seduction which could justify an ethical and religious validation of the myth of Don Juan. At first approach, will lead to determine the mythical basis and to bring out the referential definitions. The philosophical studies of Don juan hightlights a paradox : this character can’t be the blasphemer to be burnt usually portrayed : his noke is religious and if he differs from the others portraits of seducers, it is because he conceals the quintessence of seduction in which eroticism and feminism, man and God, life and death join. Making a saint of Don Juan implies that some ambiguities of desire are cleared up, to link seduction to purity and innocence. Finally, what is the contemporaneousness of the myth ? French literature goes on carrying its dear child in its womb, exploiting its Dionysian force, either to annihilate or sublimate it
Premand, Natacha. "Imaginaire et identités de jeunes migrants : masculinité, féminité et rapport à l'origine dans des autoportraits d'adolescents réfugiés." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101735.
Full textFourteen asylum claimant teenagers---recently arrived in Canada from Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa---were asked to produce a collage that represents him- or herself. The collages consisted of a photographic self-portrait and images that the subjects culled from various newspapers and magazines made available to them. Nondirective interviews with the subjects, conducted in a subsequent session, provided biographical information that was used to support the analysis of the collages.
The study indicates that, transcending differences in geo-cultural origin, there are clear differences in the self-representation of male and female adolescents. This result underlines how much the construction of identity during adolescence is primarily that of gender identity. In addition, the study shows that despite the predominance of a "globalized youth culture," each teenager appropriates this culture according to his/her need to identify with and differentiate from the host society. The collages also indicated an engagement by the subjects in working out the comfort they draw or pain they feel in relation to the country and culture they have left behind. Finally, the collages also included a temporal dimension and the emphasis on the past, present, or future seems to correspond to the subjects' differing strategies for working through the experience of geo-cultural dislocation.
The study concludes that creative exercises such as self-portraiture and collage provide a rich source of psychological material and a non-threatening way of gaining access to the imaginary of recently arrived refugee teenagers. Consequently, the approach used here could also be used as a tool to provide support to adolescent asylum seekers. The results also indicate a need for a greater understanding of the relationship between self-image and mental health.
Braizaz, Marion. "L'esthétique de soi : individu(s), corporéité(s) et apparence(s) genrée(s)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB229.
Full textStudying the relationship of individuals with their own body and appearance as a real sociological question, such was the aim of this thesis. Building on an intellectual astonishment - the difficult constitution that marked the field of the sociology of the body and the huge gap between the omnipresence of aesthetic issues in the social world (including media) and their modest consideration in the Social Sciences world - this aim has been materialized through the implementation of a qualitative survey, conducted between 2013 and 2014, with 60 individuals (32 women and 28 men), aged from 21 to 52 years. The common thread of this study was to outline the terms of the aesthetic experience of individuals (costs, benefits, experiences, relationship with oneself and with others) and we used the analytical tool of gender, real catalyst of the autonomy and aesthetic reflexivity injunctions ongoing in our society since the second half of the twentieth century. The two analytical axes that guide the frame of this thesis are as follows: (1) what are the issues of the two dimensions: "intra-gender", "cross-gender" in the construction of an aesthetic identity, (2) to what extent the dialectic between self-relation and relationships with others could be the base of the aesthetic appropriation of a gendered self? Indeed, studying the appearance as a dramatization of the gender of individuals, has enabled us to highlight how the consistency of the body and aesthetic practices represente essential modalities regarding the contemporary restructuring of gendered lives. Our investigation let us think that the most legitimate analytical posture for a sociology of appearance is the one considering this item "appearance" first and foremost as a reflexive experience to which each individual is faced, relationship with the body constituting a central identity support for the contemporary individual. In this sense, the study of "self-esthetics handiwork" of social actors is in our opinion a relevant guidance for sociologists to grasp the framework of what being an (embodied) individual today in our society represents for everyone
Yang, Hyae-Jin. "Le vêtement et les signes de non-dit : entre art et mode, féminin et masculin." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010528.
Full textAbabou, Lyazrhi Noureddine. "Le cinéma postmoderne espagnol : Icíar Bollaín : réalisme et engagement d’une cinéaste humaniste : la libération de la femme comme dépassement des stigmates sexuels." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20083/document.
Full textRight from her first films, Icíar Bollaín succeeded in showing that social criticism and film success are not incompatible. This goal was reached thanks to her capacity, in most cases, to build her narrations around characters, situations and daily atmospheres which were easily recognizable by the general public. Due to this, her filmography opens a broad spectrum of studies in the field of film analysis, from a sociological perspective. However, there is another level of denunciation in Icíar Bollaín's films which we are going to particularly focus our work on. Another aspect we would like to focus on and which is explicitly revealed and denounced by Icíar Bollaín, concerns cultural, social and economic conflicts and tensions generated by specific structures of power and domination Icíar Bollaín does not indulge into moralizing or documentary films. She analyzes these specific relationships between men and women, explores gender relationships and her films provide food for thought on gender, women’s empowerment, personal and collective solidarities.For the film director, it is only by transcending these sexual stigmata that united relations between the men and the women could be created thus allowing them to meet on an equal footing as true human beings. Through a more in-depth analysis, we can discern from Icíar Bollaín, a criticism of the spectator's scopic activity and the narcissism of the artistic creator, brought respectively closer to masculinity and to femininity. The true meeting between the two will only be able to occur provided that the spectator abandons his position as a passive viewer and feels ready to act and the author/movie director focuses on sharing rather than exhibiting his work
"Icíar Bollaín ha conseguido desde sus primeras películas demostrar que crítica social y éxito de público no son incompatibles. Tiene mucho que ver con esto su capacidad para construir sus relatos en torno a personajes, situaciones y ambientes cotidianos, fácilmente reconocibles por el público, y ahí sin duda hay un terreno amplio de estudio para el análisis cinematográfico en su vertiente sociológica. Pero existe otro nivel de denuncia en su cine en el cual nos concentraremos en este trabajo. Es este nivel sutil, menos evidente, pero sin duda presente, que hace referencia a los conflictos y a las tensiones tanto culturales, sociales como económicas generadas por ciertas estructuras de poder y dominación el que denuncia la directora. No nos propone un tipo de cine de “tesis” o estrictamente documental. Icíar Bollaín demuestra los mecanismos de esta relaciones de dominación sobre todo entre hombres y mujeres y nos entrega una magnifica reflexión sobre la búsqueda identitaria, las identidades de género, el proceso de liberación y la solidaridades tanto personales como colectivas. Apunta la directora a la superación de esas marcas sexuales como camino hacia relaciones solidarias entre hombre y mujer que les permitan encontrarse realmente como seres humanos. Escarbando aún más en este nivel significativo, puede detectarse una crítica a la actividad escópica del espectador y al narcisismo del creador artístico, equiparados respectivamente a la masculinidad y a la feminidad. El verdadero encuentro entre ambos ocurrirá cuando el espectador renuncie a su posición de observador pasivo y esté dispuesto a la acción y el autor-director apueste por compartir antes que por exhibirse
Ginfray, Denise. "Identité et création : le masculin et le féminin dans l'oeuvre de Virginia Woolf." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30002.
Full textThis study aims to show how Virginia Woolf's work, confronted to the modernist crisis, is structured around a dialectics between identity – and more precisely gender identity – and artistic creation. The first part of the analysis focuses on the subversion of cultural codes and sexual paradigma ; on the split in the characters' consciousness, on the failure of verbal and emotional communication. The stress is also laid on sexual difference at work in the creative process. The second part, exclusively devoted to the text as artefact, brings to light Virginia Woolf's disruption of conventional modes of representation – a means to put into question an ideological and normative discourse based on the repression of otherness. The exploration of the narrative and discursive strategies helps to clarify the nature of Virginia Woolf's aesthetics founded on the interrelationship between literary works, linear and causal discontinuity, the rejection of bourgeois conformity, as well as on the introduction of heterogeneity and ambiguity. Finally, this study tries to draw a portrait of the woolfian artist, to bring out the desire-as-lack which creation proceeds from, and to determine the finality of any work of art at large, of writing in particular : a perpetual quest for identity and wholeness, an insatiable yearning for the other
Ouellette, Myrthô. "Les représentations de la féminité et de la masculinité à travers le thème des rapports amoureux dans la chanson populaire francophone consommée au Québec, 1960-1990." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2460.
Full textClément-Guillotin, Corentin. "Genre et sexe dans le domaine sportif : d'une asymétrie sociale à une asymétrie cognitive." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113003.
Full textThis thesis aims at showing some socio-cognitive mechanisms which would explain « why the spike heel does not guide the heel in sport ». It also addresses the validity of such issue. With regard to an important increase in female sports participation in the last thirty years, sport may not be a traditional masculine domain anymore. Eleven studies including a validation of questionnaire (Study 1) examined the influence of gender and sex categories on social judgements and current cognitive links between these categories and sport. According to Lorenzi-Cioldi (1988), to a social asymmetry in female and male relations would match a cognitive asymmetry. "Privileged" cognitive links between sport context and gender and sex categories are confirmed (Studies 9, 10 and 11). Studies 6 and 7 show in particular that masculine sex is salient in this context and becomes highly accessible in individual's cognitive system (i. E. , gender schema). This cognitive asymmetry permits to explain why studies 2, 3 and 6 show the emergence of stereotype in favour of men in PE teachers' judgments. These asymmetries also appear in gender categories. The sport-masculinity association seems integrated in gender schema (Studies 7 and 8) and being learned (Studies 4 and 5). This gendered cognitive asymmetry allows to understand why a masculine profile is considered as providing more chance to succeed in PE for pupils who endorse it (Studies 2 and 3) and why one perceives oneself more masculine when imagining being a successful athlete (Study 7). These studies are essentially based on theoretical approaches arguing ambivalence in individuals' judgments (e. G. , shifting standards model; Biemat, 2003) and using indirect methods (i. E. , using objective scales, priming and IAT paradigms, collecting response latencies)
Ababou, Lyazrhi Noureddine. "Le cinéma postmoderne espagnol : Icíar Bollaín : réalisme et engagement d'une cinéaste humaniste : la libération de la femme comme dépassement des stigmates sexuels." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802109.
Full textBarros, Marie-Jeanne de. "Représentations de la notion de performance par les entrepreneurs : une approche par le sexe et par le genre." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED007.
Full textLiterature tends to assume implicitly the existence of a biological determinism to explain the differences between men and women entrepreneurs. Our aim was to study the representations of business performance based on the notion of sex (biological sex: female & male), and gender (the social sex: feminity & masculinity). Could masculinity and/or femininity reveal differences in representing business performance between men and women entrepreneurs? Three quantitative studies, based on ANOVA and t-Test, were used to analyze data collected by questionnaire from 244 entrepreneurs. A qualitative study was used to model data collected during individual interview of six entrepreneurs.We found that differences in representing business performance cannot be revealed neither by the distinction of category of sex (male / female), nor by gender categories (Male, Female, Androgynous, Undifferentiated) as defined by the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Also, we confirm that collective representations of the performance by the entrepreneurs have evolved and go well beyond the simple pursuit of economic profit, and can be more closely related to current social values
Beaulieu, Renée. "La mise en scène du mâle : étude des rôles masculins et féminins dans les films québécois les plus populaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27632.
Full textThis thesis gives a detailed study of the relationships between men and women in Quebecois most popular movies. Building on the feminist film theories (identification theories), gender studies and cultural studies, the thesis tries to make sense of two phenomena: the overrepresentation of men compared with women in the Quebecois most popular movies and the discrepancy in the representation of the status of women in films, traditional and confined to the private space, lagging “behind” the more emancipated and equitable status that they have in the social universe of Quebec. The thesis proposes to study the cinematographic staging of men and women. The argument is divided into four parts, which correspond to the four sites of the construction of masculinity in Quebecois most popular movies: the relationship between men and, respectively, the heroic figure, the father, the couple, and the friends (gang de chums). The work consists of a stylistic analysis of the main emblematic films of masculinity, focusing on the narrative device and the narrative perspective and voice. Mots-clés: Quebecois popular movies, masculinity, masculinocentrism, feminism, narrative perspective, Gender Theory, Cultural Studies and Identification Theory.
Plante, Chantal. "Relation entre les caractéristiques masculines, féminines et androgynes d'enfants de niveau primaire, le niveau d'adaptation scolaire de ces enfants et les attitudes des enseignants à leur égard." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29333.
Full textBalas, Marie-Laure. "Le destin du féminin chez la femme et chez l'homme : fantasme de grossesse, refoulement primaire, puissance créatrice." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070079.
Full textIn the field of assisted reproduction, scientific discussion moves rapidly, driven by the constant and growing demand from couples confronted by infertility. When in analysis, men and women frequently make reference to "A fantasy of pregnancy". This fantasy reaches its extreme with a fear of castration. It creates a variety of psychic reactions that range from repression to sublimation through the mecanisms of displacement, reversal, splitting and denial. The fantasy of pregnancy appears very early in a child's life, and lasts for a long time, requiring psychic energy to find the path that will lead towards the object of desire, an object that has always been lost. Thirty-eight clinical illustrations will show the presence in the human psyche of the construction of a movement, linked to space and time, that is a metaphor for a hollow space that one might call "feminine". The object of desire could be placed in this space. Research into the iconography of the Pregnant Virgin Mary, in particular Virgins that can be opened and that are called "Shrine Madonna", brings clarity of the work of sublimation and carriage. The powerful creativity of sculptors like Louise Bourgeois and Henry Moore supports the hypothesis that the creating of an hollow space allows to approach the object of desire. The author undertakes to offer practical proposals for both, in the care of couples as well as health care professionals, in the field of assisted reproduction
Messis, Charálambos. "La construction sociale, les «réalités» rhétoriques et les représentations de l'identité masculine à Byzance." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0019.
Full textThe thesis tries to define the masculinity and to demonstrate its outward signs within the Byzantine society. It is articulated in five chapters preceded by a long introduction wich poses the problems of research of the gender studies and the study of the Byzantine society : the first chapter is devoted to the perception of male and female nature by the Byzantine medecine and theology ; the second examines the social reappropriations of the male body as well as the male ideal figures put forward by the society ; the third is devoted to the sexuality of the Byzantine man ; the fourth examines more particularly the homosexual relationship while following the construction of a new type of sexual misconduct, that of the arsenokoitès, and the fifth is devoted to the figure of eunuchs and its literary construction
Kim, Aelee. "D’Yves Saint Laurent (1936-2008) à YSL, l’invention d’un style." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080147.
Full textThe French designer Yves Saint Laurent start as a fashion stylist Haute couture and he redound to his fashion in Art level. However, his fashion is achieved his way to ready to wear and overpower the street fashion. His double culture, born in Algeria but all his career was realized in France, was taken him more advanced over to the wide world and he develop it in a concept of « imaginary travel » : around China, Japan, Russia, U.S.A, Spain, India, and so forth. From his original culture and his great role models, such as Christian Dior, Gabrielle Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli, Yves Saint Laurent put on women in modern, glamorous looks and compared beauty: femininity in masculinity, classic in modern, exotic in western style, minimalist in glamour, and, casual in chic. Very exotic,very abundant, very original, however, equally very modern fascinating. While all these elements were reflecting his style, several questions come to mind: what is the essence key of his impact and his originality. To define these questions, we frame a hypothesis that the essence of the style Yves Saint Laurent is simplication. This simplication is perfectly identified in his work and compose every key of his creation. We determine also to unit the nature of link between his simplication and his style. And then, this link to what is enable to maintain his position in fashion, in spite of change of fashion industry evolution
Sariçelik, Rahime. "Sabahattin Ali (1907-1948), défenseur d’une émancipation des hommes et des femmes ? : repenser les rapports de genre dans la littérature turque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAG006.
Full textOur research deals with gender relations in the work of Sabahattin Ali, writer of the republican period (1907-1948) and pioneer of the style of social realism. This research is divided into two parts. In the first part, we talk about the life of the writer as well as the political and social situations of Kemalist Turkey. We also treat the subject of the perception of the gender relations by writers of the republican period. In the second part, we explain how Sabahattin Ali draws attention, through his perception of gender relations, to the inequalities and injustices that affect women and men of the Kemalist period, then we show how his observations contribute to make him a unique and courageous defender of their rights and a modern thinker always concerned with improving the lives of his contemporaries. Through a precise examination of works of fiction and other non-fictional texts, we see how he systematically denounced the shortcomings and failings of the new political regime but also why literature was for him the place of a struggle for truth and freedom, values to which he devoted himself until his death. Our work tries to pay tribute to a writer and an intellectual who always wanted to persuade his readers that social roles were never fixed but were the result of a culture and a society that it was up to all to forge
Delord, Frédéric. "Érubescences & Turgescences dans l'imaginaire shakespearien et la culture de la Renaissance." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30055.
Full textTwo corporal manifestations which are linked with sexual desire (whether it be excessive or restrained) are particularly recurrent and puzzling in Shakespeare’s theatre: swelling and reddening. The first is often phallic, hence traditionally interpreted as bawdy, when the second is assumed to be a sign of modesty. Nevertheless, they could also be defined as equivocal and ambiguous. Besides, they tend to appear simultaneously and intertwine in texts, not only in Shakespeare’s, but in the mythological (Ovid, Virgil) and medical (Galen) sources of the plays as well. Renaissance iconography has also represented nude bodies, enhancing skin colours and textures, within both Classical and Christian contexts. But because these actions could not be performed on the Elizabethan stage (one is obscene, and the other uneasily counterfeited), they had to be replaced by other body languages
Athanasopoulou, Dimitra. "Théâtre et psychanalyse : la femme sous le regard "masculin" de la dramaturgie." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070095.
Full textThe connection between psychoanalysis and theater dates from Oedipus or, rather, from the Greek tragedy. Therefore, the Freudian myth that has nourished the psychoanalytic theory in a universal level is a "Greek scenario. If we see theater as the literary form that talks about psychoanalysis more than all the other literary forms, and respectively psychoanalysis as the theory of dramatic art, we might as well consider that the greatest European dramatists of the 20th century -Strindberg, Ibsen and Lorca- have created theater characters whose decoding has something to say about the experience of the unconscious. Therefore we are wondering whether psychoanalysis would be possible without theater, without the knowledge that theater has transmitted us on the subject and its passions, if we could think about Freud without thinking about the great dramatists. So how are we going to apply psychoanalysis in a theater play? What is the text's resistance to the analytical interpretation? Our goal is not only to question the literary creation in connection to the symptom, but to study as well the female characters in Ibsen, Strindberg, Lorca in order to support our hypothesis: The woman made hysterical and blamed by the male dramatist with no regard to her structure, her sexuality, her nationality. We wish to open a dialogue with the authors. The Strindberg, Ibsen, Lorca trilogy aims to show an image of the woman "transformed or not" by the psychical structure of the male dramatist. Therefore the theatrical trilogy meets the Freudian trilogy (neurosis — psychosis and perversion)
Bonzom, Alice. "Criminelles ou rebelles, déviantes ou démentes : femmes victoriennes et édouardiennes dans l’univers carcéral londonien (1877-1914)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2118.
Full textThis thesis explores the journey of Victorian and Edwardian women through the London carceral and semi-carceral system. It focuses on a turning point in penal history, concentrating on the period between 1877, when local prisons were nationalised, and 1914, when the First World War broke out. Using the prism of gender, it connects the notions of criminality and deviance.For female offenders, penal, moral, social and medical judgments could overlap, blurring the boundaries between criminality, rebellion, badness and madness. To properly grasp the multifaceted figure of the female criminal, this thesis will accompany women along the corridors of the London courts, prisons, inebriate reformatories and refuges for ex-convicts and prisoners.In the perspective of gender studies, it sheds light on female experiences without obscuring the lives of male prisoners. Using archives “from above” and “from below”, this dissertation questions some of the theories expounded by historians of crime and gender, in particular when it comes to penal judgments, carceral treatment as well as medicalisation attempts. It demonstrates that female offenders became the epicentre, rather than the unique focal point, of a pathologising process of criminal deviance. Using three angles of approach – forging, reforming and curing the figure of the criminal woman – it shows that medicalisation endeavours were intertwined with classical moral principles.This analysis first discusses the forging of female criminals’ identity by the authorities, whether they be reformers, judges, penal administrators or philanthropists. It reveals that only an intersectional approach can yield fruitful conclusions when it comes to sentencing patterns, and that men were also the object of normative “civilising attempts”. Then, it gives pride of the place to the everyday reality of incarcerated women. Female bodies and minds were regulated and feminised, but also neglected. A “crash course in femininity” both materialised and evaporated. Paradoxically, women could regain control of their bodies by adopting the normative “feminine” behaviours that they had previously eschewed. As the 19th century wore on, and as reoffendingseemed to surge, new scientific theories emerged from outside the prison gates, colliding with the penal sphere. Degeneration seemed to loom, and eugenics grew in popularity. Female offenders found themselves at the confluence of medical discourses coming from medical doctors, alienists and even gynaecologists. Gradual emancipation attempts combined with contemporary fears for the future of the nation, giving birth to “criminal sciences”, and more specifically “female criminal sciences”. Some prisoners, especially those who suffered from inebriety, were labelled deviant but also defiant and deficient. Sent to inebriate reformatories or confined in special carceral wings, they were painted as sick. However, a close study of life in such reformatories reveals that moralising attempts were still very much at work. Social hygiene was the order of the day, more than medical treatments.As new penal policies announced in 2019 seem to foreshadow a reinforcement of the carceral network, it seems vital to shed light on yesterday’s prisons and today’s penal institutions, where the echoes of gender norms and medico-moral perspectives can still be heard
Michels, David. "Soigner sa sexualité : expérience des difficultés sexuelles et recours à la sexologie." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856538.
Full textCousineau, Sophie. "Le genre et l’intimité dans les établissements carcéraux pour femmes : sites de contraintes ou leviers de réappropriation?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41614.
Full textBerseneva, Olga. "Statut métapsychologique de la mascarade féminine et de la parade virile." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0131.
Full textThe Metapsychological approach is focused on describing the psychic processes deployed in the feminine masquerade and in the virile parade from the topical point of view. The fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis allow the feminine and the masculine categories to be studied. If we take into account the imbalance existing il the literature which deals with the matter of the masculine or the feminine, we déduise that "the enigma of the woman" leaves much to be discussed, where the question of the masculine would not strip up controversy. It is also common to associate the masquerade with the feminine position while its correlate for the man would be in the virile parade. According to Lacan, the relationship between the man and the woman is indeed an object of a show and the comedy between the sexes represents the effects of the relationship with the phallic signifier. The attitude of the woman towards the phallus plays in the register of the lack and the substitution and refers to appear to being phallus, where the attitude of the man is on the side of the lure and indicates appear to having phallus. Thus, the two sexes individually miss the sexuel relation which cannot be written. By thise thesis, we want to add a major nuance to the articulation of the feminine masquerade and the virile parade, as well as to its repercussions on any sexual position. Without neglecting the social impact on the distribution of the sex roles, we insist that the cultural dimension cannot determine the structural choices of the sexual positions
Taleb, Farhat Fatima. "Rôle des établissements scolaires dans la constructions de l'identité sexuée : de la discrimination vers l'inégalité (le cas du Liban)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20134/document.
Full textThe present thesis whose problematical emerges from the existence of the socialized terms of sex on the Lebanese social scene, where it aims to find a contribution of its scholar system in the formation of sexual identity among the child students in the primary cycle. So the main objective is to explore the ways in which the scholar institution treats the students of both sexes, that gives rise to their obvious role in the edification of the gender in the students. In this respect, the principal hypothesis supposes that such an identity construction can’t be effected evenly with girls and boys in the classes. At the beginning, the methodic proceedings of the study, based on a pre-inquiry via semi-directive talks conducted with the directors of 18 scholar establishments in south-Lebanon, have revealed in those responsible, the presence of sexual mentality. Further note that during a series of 225 observation sessions of 11 primary classes, made successively in 4 months, we could affirm the presence of teacher-student differentiated effects related to the sex of the latter, while noting an inculpation of teacher’s practices, for he/she often predetermines according to his sex, the mode of interacting with a child, a preliminary discrimination can therefore be deduced. In addition to that, a content analysis of 6 maths manuals belonging to the classes concerned, has been done, it verifies that these books motivate clearly a stereotyped representation of the society, where loom up sexually differentiated positions witnessed by their contents.On the other hand, the majority of the observed classes seems to enhance sexualized socialization, which is shown by many variables during apprenticeship sessions, this may lead in certain manners to generalize the masculine universalism and to strengthen therely the domination of the strong sex, through hierarchical terms linked to the sex of the student
Paris, Nancy. "La pratique infirmière en milieu psycho-légal : vers une compréhension des rapports sociaux de genre." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37039.
Full textLabbioui-Harrison, Camille. "Une quête problématique de soi dans le roman maghrébin contemporain : religion, sexualité, altérité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA155.
Full textThose undergoing colonization, surviving pre-independence turmoil, and profiting from the colonizer’s withdrawal by adopting its models, are not looking for an identity. Yet those who are not adaptable, blind to opportunity, or old, are prone to reject models requiring giving up clothing or other such aspects of tradition which, they believe, would grant them a sense of identity – if only their community became homogenous again. The pitiful protagonist in ʿAmal-fil (Year of the Elephant), by Morrocan author Laylā Abū Zayd, and three of the four aged protagonists in ʿUššāq Bayya (The Lovers of Bayya), by Tunisian author Al-Sālimī, have a fear of cultural pollution so acute that they make themselves even sicker than they already were, especially when it comes to money which “rots everything”. Zahra is neither softhearted nor sensuous, and her marriage is brought to an end when her suddenly rich husband takes a lover; and the other three secretly nurture a sexual fantasy about the same woman while the son of the fourth, a visiting émigré who grew rich in Germany, decides to marry her. Zahra eventually turns to God to assure a place for herself in heaven whereas the old men agonize in the dread of hell. By dismissing this fear before they die, the two men who had the easiest youth point to the nature of genuine alterity in their community. It is the perversity of a tradition validated by terrifying religious beliefs, which prevents friendships among adolescent boys and girls, then marries them off with no consideration for their tastes and aptitudes, and then invites the men to brutalize wife and children in compensation. Since very few ever recover from their childhood, the cycle starts again and the tradition survives
Châteauvert-Gagnon, Béatrice. "Masculinités, féminités et histoires de guerre : genre, "races" et guerre en Irak dans le cinéma américain." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5834/1/M13005.pdf.
Full textMalo, Isabelle. "Perspectives féminines sur les hommes et le couple : Châtelaine, 1960-1975." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16816.
Full textBergeron, Caroline. "« En vacances...en voiture...en Pontiac!» : les représentations de genre à travers les loisirs dans la Revue moderne et Châtelaine, 1945-1969." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11681.
Full textMyre, McCallum Marc. "Pour boire il faut vendre : les publicités de bière au Québec dans les années 1920 et 1950." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8940.
Full textThis thesis is interested in beer advertising campaigns published in various newspapers and magazines in the 1920s and 1950s in the province of Quebec, two post-war periods marked by economic prosperity and the development of mass consumption. This comparative study aims at emphasizing the evolution in beer representations and the strategies used by advertising agents in order to make beer more legitimate in the eyes of society. In addition to examining the various discourses used by advertising agents to sell their product, we show that the topics and strategies retained are directly influenced by the values, ideas, and social norms and by the legislative context of the Québec society for each decade. We also support the assumption that gender, but particularly the dominant discourse of masculinity, strongly influenced the construction of the different beer advertising campaigns during the 1920s and 1950s; the culture of alcohol, but especially that of beer, is a male bastion which tends to resist the integration of women and femininity. Keywords
Falkenstein, Mélanie. "Une nouvelle façon de penser le genre : Doux-amer (1960) et Quand j'aurai payé ton visage (1962) de Claire Martin." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1717/1/M9258.pdf.
Full textLemieux, Lefebvre Catherine. ""Gender trouble" westernien : les représentations genrées dans les westerns de l'âge d'or étasunien (1948-1962)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11982.
Full textGolden Age American westerns movies (1948-1962) display "gender trouble" by creating male and female characters who borrow gendered characteristics from one another. In North American and Western societies en general, these characteristics are associated with binary feminine and masculine gender constructions. For instance, "gender trouble" develops in three men's attempt to recreate a conventional nuclear family cell in Howard Hawk's "Red River" (1948), in a social group's fearful and oppressive dynamic in Fred Zinnemann's "High Noon" (1952) and Nicholas Ray's "Johnny Guitar" (1954) and in the meeting between Eastern and Western men whose ideologies and values clash in John Ford's "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962).