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Journal articles on the topic 'Feminism – Australia – History'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Murdolo, Adele. "Warmth and Unity with all Women?" Feminist Review 52, no. 1 (March 1996): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1996.8.

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In this paper I discuss the four Women and Labour conferences which were held in Australian capital cities over the seven years between 1978 and 1984. I explore the ways in which the history of Australian feminist activism during this period could be written, questioning in particular the claim that the Women and Labour conferences have been central to the history of Australian feminism. I discuss the ways in which a historical sense could be established, using writings about the conferences as historical ‘evidence’, that race and ethnic divisions between women had not been important to the ‘women's movement’ until 1984. In other words, I challenge the construction of this conference as a turning point – not only in the feminist politicization of immigrant and Aboriginal women, but also in the politicization of all feminists about race and ethnic divisions. More broadly, I am interested in how a history would be written if it aimed to get to the ‘truth’ about racism and about the feminist activism of immigrant women. How would the apparent lack of written ‘evidence’ – at least until 1984 – of immigrant women's feminist activism, and of the awareness of Australian feminists about issues of racism, be written into this history? In addition, I suggest that it is important to the writing of feminist history in Australia that published documentation has been mostly produced by anglo women, and is thus partial and mediated by the lived, embodied experiences of anglo women. Finally, my intention is to interrogate commonly understood narratives about Australian feminist history, to challenge their seamlessness, and to suggest the importance of recognizing the tension within feminist discourses between difference as benign diversity and difference as disruption.

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2

Magarey, Susan. "History, cultural studies, and another look at first‐wave feminism in Australia∗." Australian Historical Studies 27, no. 106 (April 1996): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619608596001.

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3

Andrews, Kylie. "Broadcasting inclusion and advocacy: a history of female activism and cross-cultural partnership at the post-war ABC." Media International Australia 174, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19876331.

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During the first decade of television in Australia, a cohort of female broadcasters used their hard-won positions at the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) to challenge the social and cultural complacencies of post-war society. Counteracting the assumption that women were largely absent in post-war broadcasting, this research discusses how two of these producers used their roles as public broadcasters to enact their own version of feminism, a social and cultural activism framed through active citizenship. Critiquing race, gender and national identity in their programmes, they partnered with Indigenous Australian activists and worked to amplify the voices of minorities. Referring to documentaries produced in Australian television’s formative years, this article describes how ABC producers Therése Denny and Joyce Belfrage worked to disrupt programming cultures that privileged homogeneous Anglo-Australian perspectives. As a consequence, documentaries like A Changing Race (1964) presented empathetic and evocative content that challenged xenophobic stereotypes and encouraged cross-cultural understandings.

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4

Townley, Cris. "Playgroups: Moving in from the Margins of History, Policy and Feminism." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 43, no. 2 (June 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.43.2.07.

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PLAYGROUPS BEGAN IN AUSTRALIA in the early 1970s, at the same time as significant changes in early childhood education and care (ECEC) began taking place. This paper explores how early playgroups were positioned in the ECEC policy, and the experiences of playgroup organisers in New South Wales. Methods used were documentary analysis of Project Care (Social Welfare Commission, 1974) and interviews with key players. Findings were that playgroups grew rapidly in response to grassroots demand from mothers wanting their children to learn through quality play, besides the demand for adult social support. Since Project Care was strongly influenced by feminist lobbying and the objective of enabling women to engage in paid work—and playgroups relied on mothers to deliver the service—playgroups were an uneasy fit in the ECEC policy. Although Project Care integrated playgroups into its recommendations for ECEC services, subsequent funding was at a low level. Today, ECEC services would benefit from a strengthening of the community playgroups model.

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5

Lake, Marilyn. "Feminism and the gendered politics of antiracism, Australia 1927–1957: From maternal protectionism to leftist assimilationism." Australian Historical Studies 29, no. 110 (April 1998): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619808596062.

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6

BLOCH, RUTH H. "THE ORIGINS OF FEMINISM AND THE LIMITS OF ENLIGHTENMENT." Modern Intellectual History 3, no. 3 (September 22, 2006): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244306000886.

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The publication of the collection of essays Women, Gender and Enlightenment (ed. Sarah Knott and Barbara Taylor, Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005) affords an unusual opportunity to confront a myriad of interrelated issues, at once definitional and ideological, that face intellectual historians of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and America. The 768-page work came out of a highly unusual collaborative research project conducted from 1998 to 2001, “Feminism and Enlightenment, 1650–1850: A Comparative History,” a series of colloquia, conferences, and Internet exchanges enlisting the participation of over a hundred historians in Europe, North America, and Australia. The product of this extensive interaction showcases the contributions of thirty-eight authors, not only covering a broad array of topics but, still more remarkable, displaying a large degree of consensus about issues of interpretative concern. While dozens of books and articles have anticipated pieces of the arguments made in this volume, never has so extensive an attempt been made to pull them together into a cohesive whole.

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7

Trethewey, Lynne. "Christian Feminism in Action: Kate Cocks’s Social Welfare Work in South Australia, 1900–1950." History of Education 36, no. 6 (November 2007): 715–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00467600701621925.

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8

England, Erica. "Gender: Identity and Social Change." Charleston Advisor 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.4.31.

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Gender: Identity and Social Change (hereafter Gender) provides researchers with access to key primary documents over three centuries of gender history through personal diaries, correspondence, newspapers, photographs, ephemera, and organizational records. Thematic highlights include women’s suffrage, feminism, domesticity and the family, sex and sexuality, and the organizations and associations associated with gender-specific movements. This research tool also includes essays by, and interviews with, featured academics, and also visual material, including photographs, posters, and scrapbooks. The materials have been sourced from participating library/archive institutions across the U.S., Canada, Australia, and the U.K.

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9

Baird, Barbara, and Suzanne Belton. "Feminism on the frontier: the history of abortion law reform in 1973 in the Northern Territory, Australia." Women's History Review 28, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2018.1464481.

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10

Pini, Barbara, and Sally Shortall. "Gender Equality in Agriculture: Examining State Intervention in Australia and Northern Ireland." Social Policy and Society 5, no. 2 (April 2006): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002885.

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This paper is concerned with the extent to which the state offers potential for furthering farm women's status and rights. Using case studies of Australia and Northern Ireland, it examines the extent to which the state has intervened to address gender inequality in the agricultural sector. These two locations provide a particularly rich scope for analysis because while Australia has a long history of state feminism and an extensive legislative framework for pursing gender equity, this is not the case with Northern Ireland. At the same time, the restructuring of the state in Northern Ireland, following on from the Belfast Agreement of 1998 and the Northern Ireland Act of 1998, has generated new opportunities for state intervention regarding gender equality. Moreover, while gender is now for the first time being placed on the state agenda in Northern Ireland, gender reform is being wound back in Australia, as equity discourses are subsumed by the hegemonic discourses of neo-liberalism.

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11

Muller, Vivienne. "‘I Have My Own History’: Queensland Women Writers from 1939 to the Present." Queensland Review 8, no. 2 (November 2001): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132181660000684x.

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It has become a commonplace to note that women writers in Australia have historically produced their work in a literary and social context that has largely been regarded as a male domain. Second wave feminism in the wake of the counter-cultural movements of the sixties and seventies, together with the developments in poststructuralist theories have contested this privileged intellectual space and triggered new ways of looking at literary history, the relations between production and consumption, and the significance of gender, race and class in literary analysis (Ferrier 1992:1). This chapter deals with a number of texts written by Queensland women in the latter part of the twentieth century, and thus is concerned principally with the many ‘configurations of female subjectivity’ (Ferrier 1998:210) and self-definition that Elaine Showalter saw as belonging to the third phase of women's writing. However as this is a chapter about women writers writing in and about Queensland, it will also be interested in narrative representations of women's experiences of the local place and culture, in which gendered relationships are always implicated.

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12

Still, Leonie. "Women in management: A personal retrospective." Journal of Management & Organization 15, no. 5 (November 2009): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200002406.

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The status of women in employment in general and in management in particular has interested researchers in Australia since the mid-1970s, although interest in women's industrial and occupational employment segregation and pay inequality has an even longer history. However, this overview concentrates on developments in the ‘women in management’ field since the 1970s, primarily because of the concerted and concentrated efforts to raise the employment status of women since that time.The overview also concentrates on the Australian experience, in an attempt to determine if ‘the more things change the more they remain the same’ or if actual change and progress has been made. My credentials for undertaking this retrospective are that I have been researching in the women in management area since the early 1980s and have tracked the main changes, influences and dimensions since that time. Readers who are expecting a critique of the impact of feminism and other ideologies in the area will be disappointed. My research perspective is, and always has been, managerial and organizational. I will thus not be mentioning a whole raft of substantive thinkers and researchers from other perspectives who have contributed to this area over the years. To assist the process of review, I have divided developments into a number of eras to illustrate the progression of both policy and research over the various periods.

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13

Still, Leonie. "Women in management: A personal retrospective." Journal of Management & Organization 15, no. 5 (November 2009): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.15.5.555.

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The status of women in employment in general and in management in particular has interested researchers in Australia since the mid-1970s, although interest in women's industrial and occupational employment segregation and pay inequality has an even longer history. However, this overview concentrates on developments in the ‘women in management’ field since the 1970s, primarily because of the concerted and concentrated efforts to raise the employment status of women since that time.The overview also concentrates on the Australian experience, in an attempt to determine if ‘the more things change the more they remain the same’ or if actual change and progress has been made. My credentials for undertaking this retrospective are that I have been researching in the women in management area since the early 1980s and have tracked the main changes, influences and dimensions since that time. Readers who are expecting a critique of the impact of feminism and other ideologies in the area will be disappointed. My research perspective is, and always has been, managerial and organizational. I will thus not be mentioning a whole raft of substantive thinkers and researchers from other perspectives who have contributed to this area over the years. To assist the process of review, I have divided developments into a number of eras to illustrate the progression of both policy and research over the various periods.

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14

Hope, Cat, Nat Grant, Gabriella Smart, and Tristen Parr. "TOWARDS THE SUMMERS NIGHT: A MENTORING PROJECT FOR AUSTRALIAN COMPOSERS IDENTIFYING AS WOMEN." Tempo 74, no. 292 (March 6, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298219001177.

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AbstractThe Summers Night Project is an ongoing composer-mentoring programme established in 2018 by musicians Cat Hope and Gabriella Smart, with the support of the Perth-based new music organisation Tura New Music. The project aims to support and mentor emerging Australian female and gender minority composers to create new compositions for performance, with the aim of growing the gender diversity of composers in music programmes across Australia. Three composers were chosen from a national call for submissions, and works were performed by an ensemble consisting of members from the Decibel and Soundstream new music ensembles. Three new works were workshopped, recorded then performed on a short tour of Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, Australia in July 2018. The project takes its name and inspiration from Australian feminist Anne Summers, author of the ground-breaking examination of women in Australia's history Damned Whores and God's Police (1975) and was inspired by her 2017 Women's Manifesto. This article examines the rationale for such a project, the processes and results of the project itself, and plans for its future.

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15

Irving, Helen. "The Republic is a Feminist Issue." Feminist Review 52, no. 1 (March 1996): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.1996.9.

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The growth during the 1990s of a republican movement in Australia has stimulated among other things a feminist examination of both the gendered nature of republicanism and the under-representation of women in senior positions in republican organizations. Feminists have adopted several critical perspectives on Australian republicanism: one involves the claim for the redesign of Australian political institutions in order to maximize the representation of women and women's interests; another suggests that the neglected history of women's involvement in constitutional politics during the last century needs to be understood to throw light on ways in which republicanism can be made more meaningful for women now, while a third argues that republicanism is not essentially a feminist issue and should not be pursued as such. The article challenges this conclusion.

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16

Hunter, Kathryn M. "The Drover's Wife and the Drover's Daughter: Histories of Single Farming Women and Debates in Australian Historiography." Rural History 12, no. 2 (October 2001): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002430.

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AbstractIn the 1980s two vigorous debates commanded the attention of economic and feminist historians alike, and they played a key part in shaping the historiography concerning rural women in Australia. One debate revolved around the use of the nineteenth-century census in determining women's occupations, including those of farming women. The other debate, part of a wider feminist conversation about women's agency, focused on the question of the nature of white women's lives within colonial families and society. Despite the centrality of rural women to these debates, and the role colonial women's histories played in shaping the historiography, these debates did not impact upon the writing of rural history in Australia. This article revisits these debates in the light of new research into the lives of never-married women on Australia's family farms and uses their histories to question the conclusions arrived at by feminist and economic historians. It also questions the continuing invisibility of rural women in histories of rural Australia and hopes to provoke more discussion between rural and feminist historians.

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17

Cox, Eva, Naomi Parry, and Marilyn Lake. "Getting Equal: the History of Australian Feminism." Labour History, no. 84 (2003): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27515910.

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18

Nolan, Melanie. "The ‘Playful Pluralist’: The Pioneer Genre-Roaming of ‘Crypto-Feminist’ Coral Lansbury." Literature & History 28, no. 2 (September 14, 2019): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306197319870370.

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Coral Lansbury wrote in a number of different registers and genres. Serially, she was an Australian radio script and ‘soaps’ writer, studied in New Zealand as an expatriate, became a Distinguished Professor of English specialising in British Victorian Studies in the USA and then a novelist. As well as boomeranging between writing careers and countries of the Anglosphere, the thrice-married Lansbury experienced widowhood, unmarried motherhood and divorce; she abandoned her child to her husband and later reconciled with her son. Her life reads like a plot from one of her novels. Lansbury was not active in women’s associations or the organised feminist movement. Her radio work, lectures and book tours in which she expounded her ‘crypto’ and, then later, ‘economic’ and ‘conservative-anarchist’ feminism were ephemeral. I argue that she should be repatriated into the history of postwar Australian feminism because, while mercurial and living in the USA, she pursued an expatriate professional strategy successfully and consistently sought to extend women’s vocation through kinds of popular literature. Her work reveals pluralism as much as contradiction.

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19

Spongberg, Mary. "Australian Women’s History in Australian Feminist Periodicals 1971–1988." History Australia 5, no. 3 (January 2008): 73.1–73.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/ha080073.

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20

Pitman, Julia. "Feminist Public Theology in the Uniting Church in Australia." International Journal of Public Theology 5, no. 2 (2011): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156973211x562741.

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AbstractThis article considers the expression of Protestant feminist public theology by the first women to gain access to leading positions in the Uniting Church in Australia, which was inaugurated in 1977. Roman Catholic and Protestant feminist theologians have started to provide theories of feminist public theology. The case studies of Lilian Wells, first Moderator of the Synod of New South Wales, and Jill Tabart, first woman President of the Assembly of the Uniting Church, provide evidence for the revision of these theories. The article argues that both the desire for and the expression by women of feminist public theology has a history that is longer than might be assumed. It also argues that such history confirms but also challenges aspects of received theories of feminist public theology, and that the two cases outlined below provide insight into the constraints inherent in the expression of feminist public theology in Protestant denominations such as the Uniting Church in Australia.

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21

Klugman, Matthew. "Gendered Pleasures, Power, Limits, and Suspicions: Exploring the Subjectivities of Female Supporters of Australian Rules Football." Journal of Sport History 39, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.3.415.

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Abstract Feminist sports histories have sought to give voice to the experiences and subjectivities of female athletes and increasingly of female sports fans. Yet the passions of female sports fans have been neglected. This paper traces the affects and subjectivities of female followers of Australian Rules football by way of indepth interviews along with the writings of, and about, female fans. More specifically, it contrasts the relatively inclusive passions fostered by the spectator culture of Australian Rules football with the gendered limits around the possible dreams this sport provokes, before turning to the supposedly “feminine” fantasies of female fans, and concluding with a coda on the problematic intersections of football and sex. Writing the passions of female sports fans into feminist histories of sport allows for a richer understanding of the layered historical interplay of gender and sexuality with the intriguing pleasures and power at the center of popular sporting cultures.

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22

Kass, Dorothy. "Clarice Irwin’s visions for education in Australia in the 1920s and 1930s: “what might be”." History of Education Review 48, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-02-2019-0003.

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Purpose The paper is a study of Clarice McNamara, née Irwin (1901–1990), an educator who advocated for reform in the interwar period in Australia. Clarice is known for her role within the New Education Fellowship in Australia, 1940s–1960s; however, the purpose of this paper is to investigate her activism in an earlier period, including contributions made to the journal Education from 1925 to 1938 to ask how she addressed conditions of schooling, curriculum reform, and a range of other educational, social, political and economic issues, and to what effect. Design/methodology/approach Primary source material includes the previously ignored contributions to Education and a substantial unpublished autobiography. Used in conjunction, the sources allow a biographical, rhetorical and contextual study to stress a dynamic relationship between writing, attitudes, and the formation and activity of organisations. Findings McNamara was an unconventional thinker whose writing urged the case for radical change. She kept visions of reformed education alive for educators and brought transnational progressive literature to the attention of Australian educators in an overall reactionary period. Her writing was part of a wider activism that embraced schooling, leftist ideologies, and feminist issues. Originality/value There has been little scholarly attention to the life and work of McNamara, particularly in the 1920s–1930s. The paper indicates her relevance for histories of progressive education in Australia and its transnational networks, the Teachers Federation and feminist activism between the wars.

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Morris Matthews, Kay, and Kay Whitehead. "Australian and New Zealand women teachers in the First World War." History of Education Review 48, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-05-2018-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the contributions of women teachers to the war effort at home in Australia and New Zealand and in Egypt and Europe between 1914 and 1918. Design/methodology/approach Framed as a feminist transnational history, this research paper drew upon extensive primary and secondary source material in order to identify the women teachers. It provides comparative analyses using a thematic approach providing examples of women teachers war work at home and abroad. Findings Insights are offered into the opportunities provided by the First World War for channelling the abilities and leadership skills of women teachers at home and abroad. Canvassed also are the tensions for German heritage teachers; ideological differences concerning patriotism and pacifism and issues arising from government attitudes on both sides of the Tasman towards women’s war service. Originality/value This is likely the only research offering combined Australian–New Zealand analyses of women teacher’s war service, either in support at home in Australia and New Zealand or working as volunteers abroad. To date, the efforts of Australian and New Zealand women teachers have largely gone unrecognised.

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24

Lee-Koo, Katrina. "Feminist International Relations in Australia." Australian Journal of Politics & History 55, no. 3 (September 2009): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.2009.1525a.x.

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Paul, Mandy. "Women are Transmogrifying: History, Feminism and Australian Museums, 1975–2001." Journal of Australian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2016.1156723.

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26

Wainwright, Elaine. "“But Who Do You Say That I Am?” An Australian Feminist Response." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 10, no. 2 (June 1997): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9701000204.

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Responses to the question about Jesus' identity have varied across history and culture. A contemporary Australian answer to this question requires attention to the fruits of feminist theological imagination. This essay thus first offers an overview of the key issues which this question raises within feminist theology generally, with particular attention to the maleness of Jesus, the symbolic universe of male titles, and the attempts made by women to “re-member Jesus”. Notes on recent Australian feminist responses to this question are then followed by a reading of Matthew 11:2–19 as a framework for a future understanding of the identity of Jesus.

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27

Miller, Pavla. "‘The age of entitlement has ended’: designing a disability insurance scheme in turbulent times." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 33, no. 2 (June 2017): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1302893.

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AbstractIn a period of welfare state retrenchment, Australia's neo-liberal government is continuing to implement an expensive National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Australia is among the pioneers of welfare measures funded from general revenue. Until recently, however, attempts to establish national schemes of social insurance have failed. The paper reviews this history through the lenses of path dependence accounts. It then presents contrasting descriptions of the NDIS by its Chair, the politician who inspired him, and two feminist policy analysts from a carers’ organisation. Path dependence, these accounts illustrate, has been broken in some respects but consolidated in others. In particular, the dynamics of ‘managed’ capitalist markets, gendered notions of abstract individuals and organisations, and the related difficulties in accounting for unpaid labour are constraining the transformative potential of the NDIS.

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Susan, Sheridan. "Transvestite feminism: the politics of the australian woman, 1894." Women's History Review 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029300200076.

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Varga, Donna, and Deborah Brennan. "The Politics of Australian Child Care: From Philanthropy to Feminism." History of Education Quarterly 36, no. 3 (1996): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369395.

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Barclay, Lesley. "A feminist history of Australian midwifery from colonisation until the 1980s." Women and Birth 21, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2007.12.001.

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Lake, Marilyn. "Colonised and colonising: the White Australian feminist subject." Women's History Review 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029300200035.

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Castle, Josie, and Sophie Watson. "Playing the State: Australian Feminist Interventions." Labour History, no. 60 (1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509070.

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33

Matthews, Jill Julius. "Doing theory or using theory: Australian feminist/women's history in the 1990s." Australian Historical Studies 27, no. 106 (April 1996): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619608595997.

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Brookes, Barbara. "Shame and the Anti-Feminist Backlash: Britain, Ireland and Australia, 1890–1920." Australian Historical Studies 49, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2018.1520071.

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35

Best, Susan. "What is a feminist exhibition? ConsideringContemporary Australia: Women." Journal of Australian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2016.1154588.

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36

McDonald, Willa. "Women in journalism: Margaret Jones, gender discrimination and the Sydney Morning Herald, 1965–1985." Media International Australia 161, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16664799.

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Margaret Jones (1923–2006) was a trailblazer for women in Australian journalism. A member of the press for more than 30 years, she assumed senior positions at the Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) from the 1960s, earning a reputation in the process as an exceptional print journalist. From the beginning, Jones was noted for challenging head-on the sexism she encountered in the media industry. She became foreign correspondent for the SMH in New York, Washington, London and Beijing, helping to carve out roles for women in serious mainstream journalism. This article traces Margaret Jones’ career as reporter and feature writer with the publishing house Fairfax, as a contribution to Australian feminist cultural history and the history of women in newspaper journalism.

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37

Hackett, Lisa J. "The neo-pin ups: Reimagining mid-twentieth-century style and sensibilities." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00012_1.

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Pin Up style has made a comeback with dozens of pin up competitions featuring at retro car festivals and events across Australia. A sub-culture has grown up around this phenomenon, with boutiques, celebrities and online influencers celebrating its aesthetic. I refer to this group as ‘neo-pin ups’ to differentiate them from the pin ups of the mid-twentieth century. Despite heralding the style and beauty of 1940s and 1950s pin ups, these neo-pin ups bear little resemblance to their mid-century counterparts. Researchers such as Madeleine Hamilton have investigated the era of the original Australian 1940s and 1950s pin up, finding an image deemed to be both ‘wholesome’ and ‘patriotic’ and suitable for the troops on the front lines. Ironically, this social approval resulted in pin up evolving in a more explicit direction throughout the 1960s as epitomized by Playboy magazine and the Miss World competitions. During this time, the increasingly influential feminist movement challenged the way women were viewed in society, particularly in regard to objectification and the male gaze. This critique continues today with the #metoo and gender equality movements. This article investigates how and why Australian women are transforming the image of the 1940s and 1950s pin up. Drawing upon interviews and observations conducted within the Australian neo-pin up culture, this article demonstrates how neo-pin ups draw on contemporary mores, rejecting the social values of their mid-century counterparts and reclaiming women’s place in society and history, from a female point of view. Neo-pin ups are not looking to return to the past, instead they are rewriting what pin ups represent to the present and future.

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Skeet, Charlotte. "Shame and the anti-feminist backlash: Britain, Ireland and Australia, 1890–1920." Women's History Review 29, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2019.1672271.

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Russell, Penny. "Quest for grace: fraternal authority and feminine resistance in colonial Australia." Women's History Review 2, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029300200038.

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Jennings, Rebecca. "The Boy-Child in Australian Lesbian Feminist Discourse and Community." Cultural and Social History 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2015.1093283.

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Damousi, Joy. "History of Australian feminisms conference 9th July‐11 July 1992 Women's College, University of Sydney." Australian Feminist Studies 8, no. 17 (March 1993): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.1993.9994682.

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Paisley, Fiona. "Cultivating Modernity: Culture and Internationalism in Australian Feminism's Pacific Age." Journal of Women's History 14, no. 3 (2002): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2002.0073.

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Shipe, Jonathan. "Sharon Crozier-De Rosa, Shame and the Anti-Feminist Backlash: Britain, Ireland and Australia, 1890–1920." Britain and the World 14, no. 2 (September 2021): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2021.0375.

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LAKE, MARILYN. "The Inviolable Woman: Feminist Conceptions of Citizenship in Australia, 1900-1945." Gender & History 8, no. 2 (August 1996): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.1996.tb00043.x.

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Elliott, Karla, and Steven Roberts. "Balancing generosity and critique: reflections on interviewing young men and implications for research methodologies and ethics." Qualitative Research 20, no. 6 (February 16, 2020): 767–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794120904881.

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Feminist research methodologies have challenged power imbalances in qualitative interviews and gendered inequalities more broadly. We explore the methodological and ethical complexities of, and implications for, doing feminist research with young men. We draw on two studies in which narrative interviews with young men were conducted: one in 2014 and 2015 with 28 middle-class men between the ages of 20 and 31 living in Australia and Germany; and one a longitudinal study beginning in 2009 in the south-east of England with 24 working-class men between the ages of 18 and 24. We explore the production of narratives in interviews with young men, rapport-building, and interactional issues. Balancing generosity and critique emerges as a key ethical and methodological consideration for research conducted with young men. We suggest that negotiating the tensions of this balance can hold key possibilities for research and for proliferating alternative modes of masculinity.

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Twigg, Karen. "The Green Years: The Role of Abundant Water in Shaping Postwar Constructions of Rural Femininity." Environment and History 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734021x16076828553539.

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This article offers one of the first studies to pay attention to the influence of abundant rain in advancing postwar agendas and shaping new constructions of rural femininity. Enriching an understanding of modernity, I use oral history testimony and private archives to illuminate women's emotional, social and sensory responses to plentiful water and the possibilities it fostered. While previous tropes had warned that close engagement with the elements would leave women 'unsexed' and drained of feminine vitality, the verdure that characterised the postwar era made the environment appear pliable, acquiescent and drought-proof, no longer threatening but actively inviting women's involvement. Informed by scientific agriculture, the modern rural woman, was constructed as 'feminine' and 'attractive' but also well-equipped to contribute her labour to the forward momentum of Australian farming.

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Dreher, Tanja. "The ‘uncanny doubles’ of queer politics: Sexual citizenship in the era of same-sex marriage victories." Sexualities 20, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2016): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716645788.

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In this article, the author explores the challenges for sexual citizenship campaigns as same-sex marriage emerges as a touchstone for progressive politics in Australia and beyond. Analysing popular media and public debate, she argues that there is much to be learned from recent critiques of liberal and colonial feminisms. Jasbir Puar argues that the ‘woman question’ is currently being supplemented or supplanted by the ‘gay question’ as a marker of a nation’s modernity, democracy and ‘civilization’. In the context of widespread support for marriage equality, an urgent challenge is how to respond to an emerging ‘homonationalism’ in public culture which positions the West on ‘the right side of history’ in contrast to homophobic Islam, and a liberal version of gay rights which obscures ongoing discrimination and injustice.

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Brankovich, Jasmina. "Constructing a feminist morality in the western Australian abortion debate, 1998." Journal of Australian Studies 25, no. 67 (January 2001): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050109387642.

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Reading, Anna. "The female memory factory: How the gendered labour of memory creates mnemonic capital." European Journal of Women's Studies 26, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506819855410.

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Within feminist memory studies the economy has largely been overlooked, despite the fact that the economic analysis of culture and society has long featured in research on women and gender. This article addresses that gap, arguing that the global economy matters in understanding the gender of memory and memories of gender. It models the conceptual basis for the consideration of a feminist economic analysis of memory that can reveal the dimensions of mnemonic transformation, accumulation and exchange through gendered mnemonic labour, gendered mnemonic value and gendered mnemonic capital. The article then applies the concepts of mnemonic labour and mnemonic capital in more detail through a case study of memory activism examining the work of the Parragirls and the Parramatta Female Factory Precinct Memory Project (PFFP) in Sydney, Australia. The campaigns have worked to recognize the memory and history of the longest continuous site of female containment in Australia built to support the British invasion. The site in Parramatta, which dates from the 1820s, was a female factory for transported convicts, a female prison, an asylum for women and girls, an orphanage and then Parramatta Girls Home. The Burramattagal People of Darug Clan are the Traditional Owners of the land and the site is of practical and spiritual importance to indigenous women. This local struggle is representative of a global economic system of gendered institutionalized violence and forgetting, The analysis shows how the mnemonic labour of women survivors accumulates as mnemonic value that is then transformed into institutional mnemonic capital. Focusing on how mnemonic labour creates lasting mnemonic capital reveals the gendered dimensions of memory which are critical for ongoing memory work.

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Rees, Yves. "Thinking Capitalism from the Bedroom: The Politics of Location and the Uses of (Feminist, Queer, Crip) Theory." Labour History: Volume 121, Issue 1 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2021.16.

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The New Histories of Capitalism (NHC) boast a foundational narrative that decries the supposed elision of the “economic” during the long reign cultural and social history. Yet, at the same time, the NHC are themselves based on a recognition that ideas of “economy” are not natural, and hence must be historicised using the same intellectual tools that powered the cultural turn in the first place. In practice, however, the demographics and structuring assumptions of the “new” histories of capitalism are remarkably similar to the “old” labour and economic history. Both its historical actors and its practitioners remain, by and large, white cisgender men engaged with normative visions of “capitalism” and “economy” that privilege finance, waged labour, business and trade. As the NHC take shape within Australia, this article highlights the imperative to learn from - but crucially, not appropriate - the expertise of communities who have long theorised and critiqued “capitalism” due to their subordinate position within its cultural and economic hierarchies. Using examples from feminist, queer and crip theory, I argue that the knowledges of those marginal to or excluded from waged labour, capital accumulation and material consumption constitute a rich repository of intellectual tools with potential to engender more robust historicisation of “capitalism” and the worlds it helps create.

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