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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Females

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Academic literature on the topic 'Females'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Females"

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Möller, Luciana M., and Robert G. Harcourt. "Shared Reproductive State Enhances Female Associations in Dolphins." Research Letters in Ecology 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/498390.

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Female bottlenose dolphins (genusTursiops) usually associate at moderate level with other females within social clusters called bands or cliques. It has been suggested that reproductive state may play the predominant role in determining associations within femaleT. truncatusbands. Here, we test the hypothesis that reproductive state correlates with associations of female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus). We found that females in similar reproductive state, which included females from late pregnancy to the first year of their calves' life or females from early pregnancy to their calves' newborn period, had higher-association coefficients with each other than they did with females in different reproductive states (females with older calves or without calves). This was observed both within and across social clusters suggesting that reproductive state, at least for pregnant females and those with young calves, plays an important role in determining who to associate with. However, a female's most frequent associate was not always with another in similar reproductive state. We suggest that several factors, including reproductive state, may be of importance in determining associations of female bottlenose dolphins.

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Hassan, Hanan Elzeblawy. "Study Females' Intention to Practice Female Genital Mutilation for their Daughters at Beni-Suef." Public Health Open Access 6, no. 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000224.

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Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting practice became documented within the 28 countries of the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland as a result of migrations of females. The WHO originally prohibited the medicalization of FGM/C in 1979, at the first international conference on the subject. Aim: The present study was carried out to assess Females' Intention to practice Female Genital Mutilation for their Daughters at Beni-Suef. Subject & Methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study carried out in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at BeniSuef Governorate. А Structured Interviewing Questionnaire sheet which includes knowledge regarding complications Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, Intention to practice FGM/C, and Causes for intention or not to practicing FGM/C. Results: About 64% and 59.6% of females knew that FGM/C causes psychological and social problems, respectively, 56% had a misconception that FGM/C does not affect the woman's sexual satisfaction. About 29.7% are suffering from complications after FGM. About 47.9% of females had the intention to mutilate their daughters and support the continuation of FGM for young generations, 39.8% had already mutilated their daughters or sisters. The procedures were performed by physicians (61.1%), and 6.9% had complications. Conclusion: Most of females knew that FGM/C causes psychological problems and social problems; however most of them had misconception that FGM/C does not affect the woman's sexual satisfaction. Most the study sample had the intention to mutilate their daughters and support the continuation of FGM for young generations. The highest percent of procedures were performed by physicians. Recommendations: Motivations and behavior change of females and health care workers to perform FGM/C.

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LK, Nahar. "Evaluation of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis of Female Infertility in Females- A Retrospective Study." Open Access Journal of Gynecology 7, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000245.

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Introduction: Infertility, one of the most common conditions confronting gynecologists, is defined as inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility is a problem of global proportion. In recent years, laparoscopy has been considered as important tool in diagnosis and treatment of infertility. Objective: To detect the diagnostic efficacy of laparoscopy in uterine, tubal and ovarian pathologies. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to December 2022 in collaboration with Department of Radiodiagnosis & Department of Pathology. Study included sixty one cases of both primary and secondary infertility in women. We included only those infertile ladies whose husbands showed normal semen analysis. A detailed clinical history especially marital and obstetric history of the patients was taken. Through gynaecological examination was done and all necessary investigations (baseline endocrinal investigations, post coital study, cervical mucus study, ovulation study, post menstrual HSG) were done before laparoscopic examination. Written consent form was taken from all the patients. Results: Among 61 patients, 39 (63.9%) belonged to primary infertility and 22 (36.1%) were of secondary infertility. In primary (58.9%) and secondary infertility (59.1%) maximum number of patient belonged to age group of 21-25 years followed by 21-25 years age group in primary infertility and 31-36 years age group in secondary infertility. Peritubal or peri-ovarian adhesions were present in 15 cases of primary infertility and 5 cases of secondary infertility. Thirty four patients (56.67%) had normal ovaries. Conclusion: Due to safety and cost effectiveness, laparoscopy is considered as important diagnostic tool for evaluation of cause of infertility in women and for effective treatment decisions.

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Agarwal, Ritu. "Female Sexual Dysfunction among Indian Infertile Females." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 2 (2017): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1482.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is very common among infertile patients. Whether FSD leads to infertility or infertility leads to FSD is still less understood. Objectives To study the prevalence of FSD and various factors that can lead to sexual dysfunction. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted at a tertiary care center in Ahmedabad from June 2015 to March 2016. A total of 240 infertile patients in reproductive age group (20—47 years) were studied, for which informed consent was obtained. Female sexual dysfunction was assessed with a detailed 19-item female sexual function index questionnaire. All six domains of sexual dysfunction, i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain, were studied. Various associated factors like gynecological and psychological disorders were also studied. Fertile patients were excluded. Results The prevalence of FSD among infertile patients was 48.75%. The most common sexual dysfunction was arousal (94.01%) followed by lubrication (89.74%) and orgasm dysfunction (85.47%). Psychological status of patients had significant impact on sexual life. Conclusion Sexuality is an important part of an individual's personality. With time, stress in life and sexual dysfunction are also increasing. Therefore, sexual function assessment should be included in the routine workup for infertility. How to cite this article Mishra VV, Nanda S, Agarwal R, Choudhary S, Aggarwal R, Goyal P. Female Sexual Dysfunction among Indian Infertile Females. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):155-158.

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Elseesy, W. R. "Female circumcision in non-Muslim females in Africa." African Journal of Urology 20, no. 2 (June 2014): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afju.2013.07.001.

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Biaggio, M. Daniela, Iara Sandomirsky, Yael Lubin, Ally R. Harari, and Maydianne C. B. Andrade. "Copulation with immature females increases male fitness in cannibalistic widow spiders." Biology Letters 12, no. 9 (September 2016): 20160516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0516.

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Copulatory cannibalism of male ‘widow’ spiders (genus Latrodectus ) is a model example of the extreme effects of sexual selection, particularly in L. hasselti and L. geometricus where males typically facilitate cannibalism by females and mate only once. We show that these males can increase their reproductive success by copulating with final-instar, immature females after piercing the female's exoskeleton to access her newly developed sperm storage organs. Females retain sperm through their final moult and have similar fecundity to adult-mated females. This is an adaptive male tactic because immature mating increases insemination success relative to adult mating (which predicts higher paternity) and moreover, rarely ends in cannibalism, so males can mate again. Although successful only during a brief period before the female's final moult, males may employ this tactic when they associate with final-instar females in nature. Consistent with this, one-third of L. hasselti females collected as immatures in nature were already mated. Immature mating alters sexual selection on these otherwise monogynous males, and may explain male traits allowing facultative polygyny in Latrodectus . Since male cohabitation with immature females is common among invertebrates, immature mating may be a widespread, previously unrecognized mating tactic, particularly when unmated females are of high reproductive value.

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Darden, Safi K., and Lauren Watts. "Male sexual harassment alters female social behaviour towards other females." Biology Letters 8, no. 2 (October 5, 2011): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0807.

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Male harassment of females to gain mating opportunities is a consequence of an evolutionary conflict of interest between the sexes over reproduction and is common among sexually reproducing species. Male Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata spend a large proportion of their time harassing females for copulations and their presence in female social groups has been shown to disrupt female–female social networks and the propensity for females to develop social recognition based on familiarity. In this study, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms that may lead to this disruption of female sociality. Using two experiments, we test the hypothesis that male presence will directly affect social behaviours expressed by females towards other females in the population. In experiment one, we tested for an effect of male presence on female shoaling behaviour and found that, in the presence of a free-swimming male guppy, females spent shorter amounts of time with other females than when in the presence of a free-swimming female guppy. In experiment two, we tested for an effect of male presence on the incidence of aggressive behaviour among female guppies. When males were present in a shoal, females exhibited increased levels of overall aggression towards other females compared with female only shoals. Our work provides direct evidence that the presence of sexually harassing males alters female–female social behaviour, an effect that we expect will be recurrent across taxonomic groups.

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Elzeblawy Hassan, Hanan. "Female Genital Mutilation: Females' Intention in Northern Upper Egypt." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/144.

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Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is an ancient cultural practice, predating the Bible and therefore the Koran, and has no basis in any religion. It is related to deep social and cultural ideas impeded in several societies regarding femininity and modesty because it is viewed as girls clean and delightful only after being genitally cut. FGM/C is additionally viewed as a protection of virginity, and it prevents premarital sex. Aim: The present study was carried find out to assess Females' Intention in Northern Upper Egypt regarding Female Genital Mutilation. Subject & Methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was used. The study was conducted in family health centers (FHCs) in different sitting at Beni-Suef Governorate. A Convenient sample was used. А Structured Interviewing Questionnaire sheet which includes three sections: Socio-demographic data, Intention to practice FGM/C, and Causes for intention or not to practicing FGM/C. Results: The mean age of the studied participants was 22.6±5. Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation is 71.4percentage, 29.7percentage of participants are suffering from complications after FGM. About 28.6percentage of females who had mutilated their daughters were planning to mutilate their other daughters in the future. More than one-third of females (35.5percentage) had an unfavorable attitude and 40.5percentage had poor levels of knowledge regarding FGM/C. 71.3percentage of females mentioned that the source of their information about FGM/C was their personal experience. Conclusion: Northern Upper Egyptian Females' Intention regarding intention of mutilating their daughters was significantly affected by demographic characteristics, level of knowledge, and level of attitude, source information, exposure to complications or pressure from family and neighbors. Recommendations: Alleviate females' intention toward Female Genital Mutilation should be improving their awareness regarding complications and Egyptian law against FGM, established by improve females' resistance toward family or neighbor regarding bad and harmful traditions.

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Ishihara, M. "Persistence of abnormal females that produce only female progeny with occasional recovery to normal females in Lepidoptera." Researches on Population Ecology 36, no. 2 (December 1994): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02514943.

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Cobb, Matthew, and Jean-Francois Ferveur. "Female Mate Discrimination or Male Responses to Females Stimulation?" Evolution 50, no. 4 (August 1996): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410908.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Females"

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Hakes, Holly S. "Levels of depression among delinquent females and academically gifted females treatment implications /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002hakesh.pdf.

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Carico, Kathleen M. "Responses of four adolescent females to adolescent fiction with strong female characters." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144606/.

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Lawrence, Cassandra Patrice. "How are females coping in today's army female soldiers as single parents /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002lawrencec.pdf.

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Barcus, Sonja Marie. "Body cathexis and the ideal female figure of black and white college females." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722174.

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The body cathexis and "ideal" female figure for Black college females and White college females were investigated. The Body Cathexis Scale was administered to determine students' level of satisfaction with their bodies. Self reports of each student's ideal female measurements were also examined. It was hypothesized that Black college females tend to possess greater satisfaction with their body image than White college females. Black college females were hypothesized to report less restrictive measurements for what they believe would make up the ideal female figure than White college females. Results showed that some significant differences were found between Black and White college females. Of the 46 items on the Body Cathexis Scale, significant differences between Black and White college females were found on seven items with five indicating higher satisfaction of Black college females and two indicating that White college females had higher satisfaction. Of the five measurements of ideal female figure, only one differed significantly with the Black college females possessing a less restrictive measurement. Thirty-nine items on the Body Cathexis Scale and four on the ideal female figure measurements showed no significant difference. Therefore, the hypothesis of Black college females being more satisfied with their bodies and reporting less restrictive ideal female figure measurements than White college females was not supported.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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STEINEGGER, CATHLEEN M. "EMOTIONAL EATING IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116009370.

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McGrory, Arlene A. "Menarche: responses of adolescent females." Thesis, Boston University, 1987. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38076.

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Thesis (D.N.S.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of menarcheal age early adolescent girls. The three dependent variables were attitudes toward menstruation, overall self-esteem, and physical self-esteem. Furthermore, this study investigated the perception of pubertal changes in premenarcheal girls and recency of menarche in postmenarcheal girls in relation to the same three dependent variables. A demographic information form, Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale-Overall Score and Physical Appearance and Attribute subscale and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The sample for this study consisted of 95 girls in seventh, eighth, and ninth grades (11-15 years old) at Masconomet Regional Junior-Senior High School. The subjects completed the forms during a convenient time at school or mailed in the forms. The data was analyzed using a two-tailed Student's t test and Pearson product moment correlation was calculated and the coefficient tested. The results indicated that premenarcheal girls thought menstruation was more debilitating than postmenarcheal girls. There were no differences in overall self-esteem or physical self-esteem in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls. Postmenarcheal girls who had been menstruating the longest had the highest scores on factor three Henstruation as a Natural Event, factor four Anticipation of the Onset of Menstruation, and factor five Denial of any Effect of Menstruation of the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Recency of menarche had no effect on overall self-esteem and physical self-esteem. It was not possible to measure differences in attitudes toward menstruation, overall self-esteem and physical self-esteem in premenarcheal girls who perceived pubertal changes and those who did not perceive pubertal changes.
2031-01-01

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Jenkins, Sherida L. "Body Image and Eating Attitudes: Comparing Chinese Females with Other Females living in New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2325.

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Eating disorders affect individuals from most ethnic backgrounds. Research suggests that White females experience the greatest levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Studies examining Chinese females found they experienced similar levels of disordered eating but less body dissatisfaction to White females. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese and Other ethnicities in New Zealand. A sample of female university students at the University of Waikato completed questionnaires (N=116) to assess disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. In contrast to previous findings Chinese females actually exhibited more disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction attitudes than did other females living in New Zealand. Also, fear of weight gain was more likely to be exhibited by Chinese females than other females. Pressure to be thin came from similar sources for both Chinese and other female students. While, length of time living in New Zealand did not appear to alter Chinese females' levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. However in keeping with previous research, the present findings did suggest that the data from this study support the suggestion that the EAT-26 may not be an appropriate measure for Chinese females when assessing eating disorders. These findings have important implications for future research on ethnicities and eating disorders, and for clinicians working with Chinese female clients.

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Mohabier, Icydor Aldale. "Empowering senior females by utilizing each female person's voice to create desired lifestyle options." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302006-214055/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Layli Phillips, committee chair; Elizabeth Beck, Heying Zhan, committee members. Electronic text (91 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 20, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-61).

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Davis, Jessica K. "The prevalence of the components of the female athlete triad in college aged females." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=PH+1857.

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Lingelbach, Kembley Kay. "Perceptions of Female Cybersecurity Professionals Toward Factors that Encourage Females to the Cybersecurity Field." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1056.

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Despite multiple national, educational, and industry initiatives, women continue to be underrepresented in the cybersecurity field. Only 11% of cybersecurity professionals, globally, are female. This contributes to the growing overall shortage of workers in the field. This research addressed the significant underrepresentation of females in the cybersecurity workforce. There are many practitioner and industry studies that suggest self-efficacy, discrimination and organizational culture play important roles in the low rate of women in the cybersecurity field. A limited number of scholarly studies identify causal factors; however, there is not a general consensus or framework to explain the problem thoroughly. Moreover, there exists a significant gap in theoretical framework utilizing qualitative methods to demystify the complex factors of engaging females to pursue the cybersecurity field. This study utilized a grounded theory approach to interview twelve female cybersecurity professionals to discover their perceptions of the cybersecurity field. The participants revealed strategies that could encourage females to pursue the cybersecurity field. Data analysis included a data coding process and a constant comparative method of interview transcripts. This study identified four factors of engagement and one unexpected co-factor that are perceived to have an impact on decisions to pursue the cybersecurity field. The four factors identified were awareness, support, intrinsic and extrinsic values. The interesting find of the cybersecurity mindset profile factor that is perceived to enhance the success of career trajectory warrants additional research to discover the impacts on decision to pursue the cybersecurity field. This findings of this research gives women a voice in recommending strategies to encourage other females to pursue the cybersecurity field. The findings also aid in demystifying the complexity of the factors by organizing and categorizing them in a logical sense in order to present a theoretical model to encourage females into the field of cybersecurity. Moreover, this study provides holistic insight to academicians and practitioners in developing future cybersecurity professionals. Additionally, it adds to the body of knowledge by answering the call for that additional qualitative approaches in methodology by bringing data richness and to generate new theoretical frameworks in cybersecurity research.

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Books on the topic "Females"

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1875-1941, Rand Ellen Emmet, ed. Dear females. United States?]: Ellen E. Rand, 2009.

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Furuichi, Takeshi, Juichi Yamagiwa, and Filippo Aureli, eds. Dispersing Primate Females. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6.

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Jackson, Penelope. Females in the Frame. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44692-5.

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Jackson, Penelope. Females in the Frame. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20766-3.

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Seli, Emre, and Ashok Agarwal, eds. Fertility Preservation in Females. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5617-9.

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Sarkar, Rashmi, and Surabhi Sinha, eds. Skin Diseases in Females. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6065-8.

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Renne. Animal males and females. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2000.

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Puntambekar, Shailesh, Sambit M. Nanda, and Kajal Parikh. Laparoscopic Pelvic Anatomy in Females. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8653-4.

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South Carolina State Data Center., ed. Profile of South Carolina females. Columbia, S.C. (1000 Assembly St., Room 350, Columbia 29201): South Carolina State Data Center, 1986.

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Cole, Ellen, and Jessica Henderson Daniel, eds. Featuring females: Feminist analyses of media. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11213-000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Females"

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Barner, Anastasia. "Founding Females." In [Ge]Gründet!, 55–69. München: Haufe, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34157/978-3-648-16889-9_4.

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King, Robert. "Coy Females?" In Naturally Selective, 12–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003372356-2.

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Iyama-Kurtycz, Tina. "Females with ASD." In Diagnosing and Caring for the Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, 217–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26531-1_20.

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McAuley, Alex, and Ana Garcia Espinosa. "Those Infamous Females." In The Routledge Companion to the Reception of Ancient Greek and Roman Gender and Sexuality, 286–99. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003024378-15.

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Cipriani, Sarah, Elisa Maseroli, and Linda Vignozzi. "Testosterone in Females." In Controversies in Testosterone Deficiency, 81–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77111-9_8.

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Sturtz, M., and A. Franzese. "Bisexuality in Females." In Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_523-1.

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Strier, Karen B., Carla B. Possamai, and Sérgio L. Mendes. "Dispersal Patterns of Female Northern Muriquis: Implications for Social Dynamics, Life History, and Conservation." In Dispersing Primate Females, 3–22. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6_1.

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Matsuda, Ikki, Keiichi Fukaya, Cristian Pasquaretta, and Cédric Sueur. "Factors Influencing Grooming Social Networks: Insights from Comparisons of Colobines with Different Dispersal Patterns." In Dispersing Primate Females, 231–54. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6_10.

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Yamagiwa, Juichi. "Evolution of Hominid Life History Strategy and Origin of Human Family." In Dispersing Primate Females, 255–85. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6_11.

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Shimooka, Yukiko. "Association Networks and Life History of Female Spider Monkeys." In Dispersing Primate Females, 23–43. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55480-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Females"

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Karunarathne, Tharushika, and Niranga Amarasingha. "Travel Issues of Sri Lankan Females." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ozsd1985.

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This research looks into the mobility problems that female travelers undergo, with an emphasis on Sri Lankan women. Males and females have different social and economic roles and obligations in most civilizations, and as a result, there are major gender variations in travel and transportation demands. The aim of this research is to investigate the mobility issues of females while traveling. This research analyzes mobility problems of female travelers with special reference to the Western province of Sri Lanka. This research targets to identify the mobility barriers which affect the females’ lifestyle, the problems, and threats females have faced, and the way they go through these problems. The socioeconomic, perspective of people, and travel behavior data were collected from 450 females by using a paper-based questionnaire in August 2021. Ordinal logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, sexual harassment while traveling was a significant problem. Among the respondents, 17% of respondents stated that sexual harassment was the most concerning security risk when traveling and 46.8% of female respondents faced sexual harassment when traveling by buses. Based on the types of harassment 26% of females experienced physical harassment as the most frequent harassment type and 25% experienced verbal harassment in public places or public transportation. Majority 42% of the females were strongly stated that they faced sexual harassment problems after dark. Poor maintenance of open public spaces, overcrowded buses/trains, lack of effective/visible police or civil guards, and lack of regulation on transport safety such as men dealing with or taking alcohol/drugs were factors that contribute to sexual harassment by females in public places and transport. The results of this analysis provide valuable insights into the mobility problems of female travelers in day-to-day life due to various reasons. KEYWORDS: Females, Mobility, Ordinal logistic regression, Sexual harassment, Travel

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Fertig, Jan, and Subha Kumpaty. "Gender Issues in Engineering Education: What Systemizing and Empathizing Have to Do With It." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72597.

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More than half of U.S. students entering college are female, but female students are still largely absent from engineering fields. The persistent absence of females in engineering may owe itself, at least in part, to a fundamental difference in cognitive approaches between males and females. Although there is a significant amount of cross-over, males are more likely than females to have a systemizing brain, which is associated with a drive to understand how the world works through the identification and creation of patterns and rules. Females are more likely to be born with an empathizing style, which lends itself to a natural aptitude for identifying others’ thoughts and emotions. This systemizing-empathizing dichotomy is based on the work of Simon Baron-Cohen at the University of Cambridge in the UK. Engineering programs are geared toward those with a higher SQ (systemizing quotient). This paper reviews relevant research on how systemizing-empathizing (S-E) theory applies to engineering education and examines current research on the reasons behind the dearth of females in engineering, finding that the contemporary engineering culture in college is also characterized by subtle forms of discrimination that systematically direct women away from engineering. Finally, some recommendations are made for how engineering programs might engage a broader base of students.

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Qaydi, Sabha Al, Amna Ali Al Meraikhi, and Reem Al Harthi. "The Untold Success Stories of NEB Females Leading the Way." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216179-ms.

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Abstract There are countless remarkable success stories of females in the oil and gas industry who have shattered glass ceilings and made significant contributions. These females have excelled in various roles, including engineering, geology, management, and leadership positions. Their achievements showcase their expertise, dedication, and resilience in a traditionally male-dominated industry. This paper aims to develop and enroll female youth to become an essential and integral part of the Oil & Gas operations. To achieve this, a mechanism has been established to enhance the Female leadership and decision-making skills. This involves creating a positive environment, developing a specialized tailored training program, ensuring active participation, and engagement. In addition, conducting competency assessments to identified gaps, while following up closely with their progress which will allow them to enhance their technical skills, performance and paving a robust career path for their progression. The expected results of this implementation will allow females to successfully handle responsibilities, manage and operate field activities without any limitation. Furthermore, implementing these programs and strategies will add value to the company, such as improved implementation of safety procedures, therefore increasing our productivity. Also, this will encourage all youth to lead the responsibility of a role in the sustainability and decarbonization, energy transition & future proving. NEB Females have been provided the required support from Dr. sultan al Jaber in year 2017, woman empowerment is very important, therefore it must be reflected in the field no matter the position. In addition, nationalization of the critical position as panel operators to be fully led by UAE national (male and female) by year 2030.

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Marsh, Cecille. "Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3248.

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Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

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Miliszewska, Iwona, Gayle Barker, Fiona Henderson, and Ewa Sztendur. "The Issue of Gender Equity in Computer Science - What Students Say." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2986.

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The under-representation and poor retention of women in computing courses at Victoria University is a concern that has continued to defy all attempts to resolve it. Despite a range of initiatives created to encourage participation and improve retention of females in the courses, the percentage of female enrolments has declined significantly in recent years, from 32% in 1994 to 18% in 2004, while attrition rates soared to 40% in 2003. A recent research study investigated these negative trends with respect to gender equity in computing courses: of interest was the possibility of gender bias in the learning environment and its impact on female attrition rates. Focus groups and surveys involving computing students of both genders were used as data collection tools in the study. The overall findings from the focus groups were rather surprising, as they yielded no strong indication of gender bias in the learning environment of the computing course; this applied to the logistical arrangements, academic staff, pedagogical methods, and course content. The thesis that the existence of gender bias in the learning environment contributes to high attrition rates of females in computing courses was not sufficiently supported. While the fact that students, both male and female, found their learning environment gender neutral was comforting, the realization that reasons other than gender bias drove females away from the computing course was not. High attrition rate of females remains the reality. Possible explanations of this phenomenon were suggested by the focus groups, and the search for confirmation of these indications and discovery of other contributing factors continued.

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Stemper, Brian D., David Barnes, Jamie L. Baisden, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Jason Moore, and Dennis J. Maiman. "Lumbar Spinal Mechanics in Pure Bending: Influence of Gender, Spinal Level, and Degeneration Grade." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206829.

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Gender differences have been identified in normal and traumatic motions of the spine. In the cervical region, spinal motions in females were significantly greater than in males during identical dynamic acceleration pulses [1]. Static cervical range of motion was also shown to be greater in female volunteers [2]. In the thoracic region, gender differences were identified in compressive and tensile elastic moduli [3]. Although male volunteers had slightly greater lumbar spine mobility, the difference was not statistically significant [4]. Another study reported that female lumbar specimens were somewhat more flexible than male specimens [5]. Lumbar spinal motions are clinically important in the diagnosis of abnormalities and instability. Increased motions occur secondary to instability and may indicate a need for spinal stabilization. However, although previous studies have provided baseline data for lumbar motions [6], possible variations in spinal motions between males and females may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to define lumbar spinal motions on a level-by-level basis to determine statistically significant differences between males and females and at varying levels of degeneration.

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Hammad, Anand, Anil Kalra, Prashant Khandelwal, Xin Jin, and King H. Yang. "Development of Upper Extremity Finite Element Model for Elderly Female: Validated Against Dynamic Loading Conditions." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72026.

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Injuries to the upper extremities that are caused by dynamic impacts in crashes, including contact with internal instrument panels, has been a major concern, especially for smaller female occupants, and the problem worsens with increasing age due to reduced strength of the bones. From the analysis of 1988–2010 CDS unweighted data, it was found that risk of AIS ≥ 2 level for the arm was 58.2±20.6 percent higher in females than males, and the injury risk for a 75-year-old female occupant relative to a 21-year-old subjected to a similar physical insult was 4.2 times higher. Although injuries to upper extremities are typically not fatal, they can have long-term effects on overall quality of life. Therefore, it is important to minimize risks of injuries related to upper extremities, especially for elderly females, who are most at risk. Current anthropomorphic surrogates, like crash-test dummies, cannot be directly used to study injury limits, as these dummies were developed mainly to represent the younger population. The current study is focused on the development of a finite element (FE) model representing the upper extremity of an elderly female. This can be further used to analyze the injury mechanisms and tolerance limits for this vulnerable population. The FE mesh was developed through Computer Tomography (CT) scanned images of an elderly female cadaver, and the data included for validation of the developed model were taken from the experimental studies published in scientific literature, but only the data directly representing elderly females were used. It was found that the developed model could predict fractures in the long bones of elderly female specimens and could be further used for analyzing injury tolerances for this population. Further, it was determined that the developed segmental model could be integrated with the whole body FE model of the elderly female.

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DARSHANI, CHARIKA, K. I. RIDMIKA, and B. A. K. S. PERERA. "LIFE MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACTOR’S SITE QUANTITY SURVEYOR." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.11.

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Life management controls the quality of one’s work while ensuring one’s quality of life with minimum conflicts. The contractor’s site quantity surveyor (QS), who has to shoulder many responsibilities on-site amongst time constraints, can most probably experience a life imbalance. Because the personal responsibilities of female and male site QSs differ, the aim of this study was to identify the strategies that will enhance the life management of contractor’s site quantity surveyors. The qualitative approach was adopted in the study, and the required empirical data were collected by interviewing 20 females and 20 males contractor’s site QSs. The interview findings were analysed using manual content analysis. Thirty-one and twenty-eight causes of life imbalance in male and female QSs respectively were identified. In addition, 50 and 48 strategies that will facilitate satisfactory life management in male and female QSs, respectively were identified. Some of the identified causes and strategies were common to both male and females QSs.

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Stemper, Brian D., Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar. "Segmental Cervical Spine Kinematics Due to Posteroanterior Impact Acceleration." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32630.

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An experimental investigation was performed to determine the segmental cervical spine kinematics in rear impact acceleration. Segmental motions were analyzed at the time of maximum S-curve for 10 isolated head-neck specimens (5 male, 5 female). Females experienced greater segmental angles at each level of the spine for all input velocities. Statistically significant gender differences were obtained for levels C2-C3, C5-C6, and C6-C7. Motions were statistically dependent upon input velocity for C4 to C7 segments. Results of this study provide a biomechanical basis for the differing rates of reported whiplash injuries between males and females.

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Thomas, Theda, and Alesha Allen. "Gender Differences in Students’ Perceptions of Information Technology as a Career." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3035.

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This paper reports on an investigation into first year students’ perceptions of IT as a career. There are many stereotypes of the typical IT professional. These stereotypes are often depicted in the media and affect students’ perceptions of the career and whether they should study IT or not. An exploratory study into male and female first year students’ perceptions of the IT professional is presented. The participants included students studying the Bachelor of Business and Bachelor of Information Systems degrees at ACU National in Melbourne, Australia. The study investigated the differences and similarities between the perceptions of males and females as well as where they came by those perceptions. The study found that the majority of students had chosen to drop IT as a subject at school by Year 10 of their schooling. Males and females differ in their reasons for giving up IT, with females listing computer illiteracy and dislike of being called a nerd as their main reasons and males listing boredom, teachers not being encouraging and little creativity as their main reasons for stopping. The students were then asked questions relating to the IT industry. A t-test showed that females were significantly more negative about the industry in their answers to three of the questions, namely “Is it ‘uncool’ to be interested in computers?” “Does the IT industry offer good job prospects?” and “Are people working in the IT industry ‘nerds/computer geeks’?” The survey then went on to look at the technical versus non-technical issue in perceptions of an IT career. The majority of the participants believed that an IT job consists mainly of technical work and working at a computer. This was true for all the students across both genders. The majority of students did not know any females in the IT industry and could not name any female role models from real life or from TV or film. Some of the role models that they did mention were cartoon characters.

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Reports on the topic "Females"

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Bellony, Annelle, Hugo R. Ñopo, and Alejandro Hoyos. Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010994.

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This paper analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using amatching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males earnings surpass those of females by between 14 and 27 percent of average females wages in Barbados, and between 8 and 17 percent of average females wages in Jamaica. In the former, the highest earnings gaps are found among low-income workers. Results from both countries confirm a finding that has been recurrent with this matching approach: the complete elimination of gender occupational segregation in labor markets would increase rather than reduce gender earnings gaps. The evidence is mixed regarding segregation by economic sectors. Occupational experience, in the case of Barbados, and job tenure, in the case of Jamaica, help to explain existing gender earnings gaps.

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STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND OFFUTT AFB NE. A Study of Females on Minuteman/Peacekeeper Crews. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada584971.

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López Pérez, M. Dolors, Coral Cuadrada, and Esther Travé Allepuz. Females also Run Business. Merchants’ Wives and Female Merchants in the Crown of Aragon (Fourteenth-Fifteenth Century). Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2023.16.12.

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Schulz, Florian, Jörg Wolstein, and Henriette Engelhardt-Wölfler. The choice of indicators influences conclusions about the educational gradient of sex-specific alcohol consumption. OPUS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irbo-55267.

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There has been considerable public interest in reports on harmful alcohol consumption of higher educated females. This study assesses the robustness of this finding with representative German data using ten different indicators of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse from 2012. 4,225 females and 3,239 males represent the German population aged 18–64. It presents ten indicators of alcohol consumption by sex and education and provides group specific means and 95 %-confidence intervals. The main results are: (1) Higher educated males and females are drinking alcohol more frequently than lower educated males and females. (2) When drinking, higher educated males and females tend to drink less alcohol than lower educated males and females. (3) Only when using an indicator for hazardous alcohol consumption with different thresholds for males and females, the results indicate a pattern that significantly exposes hazardous alcohol consumption in the group of higher educated females. Concerning the choice of indicators, this study shows that sex-specific threshold-based indicators of alcohol consumption may lead to different conclusions as the majority of other indicators.

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Baum, Christopher F., Andreas Stephan, and Klaus F. Zimmermann. Estimating the wage premia of refugee immigrants: Lessons from Sweden. Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik, Linnéuniversitetet, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ns.wp.2024.03.

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This paper examines the wage earnings of fully-employed refugee immigrants in Sweden. Using administrative employer-employee data from 1990 and onwards, about 100,000 refugee immigrants who arrived between 1980 and 1996 and were granted asylum are compared to a matched sample of native-born workers. Employing recentered influence function (RIF) quantile regressions for the period 2011–2015 to wage earnings, the occupational task-based Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach shows that refugees perform better than natives at the median wage, controlling for individual and firm characteristics. This overperformance is due to female refugee immigrants, who have higher wages than comparable native-born female peers up to the 8th decile of the wage distribution. Refugee immigrant females perform better than native females across all occupational tasks studied, including non-routine cognitive tasks. A remarkable similarity exists in the relative wage distributions among various refugee groups, suggesting that cultural differences and the length of time spent in the host country do not significantly affect their labor market performance.

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Lutz, Peggy. Food and females : the taming of the Oregon palate? Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6079.

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Horton, David R., Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Jocelyn Millar. Optimization and field-testing of synthetic sex attractants for two psyllid pests of pears (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594407.bard.

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OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Improve field activity of pheromone Evaluation of the seasonality of psylla reproduction Evaluate the seasonality of female attractiveness (pheromone production) Evaluate seasonality of male response to synthetic pheromone components Develop practical use for pheromone Test psylla trapping by synthetic pheromone impregnated in rubber septa (provided by J. Millar, cooperator in USA). Test a sprayable formulation of pheromone developed by D. Horton (USA cooperator) SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS No consistent seasonality in female attractiveness was observed. Female attractiveness was observed in winter forms in the end December and in May-June in summer forms. C. bidenshas a very distinct but short period of low mating rate, that is associated with low ovarian development. This short period of low ovarian development and low mating rate cannot be considered as a reproductive diapause. Ovarian development is inhibited by short day photoperiod especially in presence of low temperatures. Male attraction to individual synthetic putative pheromone components is not strong and fluctuates seasonally. While 7MeC27was attractive to males of the winter form, it was not attractive to the summer forms in the beginning of the summer. These data are in accordance with differences in cuticular profiles of winter and summer attractive females vs non attractive ones. Cuticular profile of females shows significant seasonality and difference according to their attractiveness to males especially in summer time. Differences between attractive and non-attractive females is based on several compounds . Female attraciveness in summer and winter is apparently based on a different combination of chemical cues, but 7meC27 is one of the common components to both mixtures. These two last findings are likely to be the main reason for our failure to have consistent success in trapping C. bidensin the field. It seems that a sprayable formulation of pheromone on the pear is better way of pheromone application to attract psyllid then the impregnated rubber septa, but additional trials are needed.

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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.

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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.

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Hardy, Rana. Rethinking the time allocation of Egyptian females: A matching analysis. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1076.

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Jacobs, Ira. Energy Metabolism in Cold-Stressed Females: Implications for Predictive Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338905.

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