Journal articles on the topic 'Female worker'
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Sari, Devi Retno, Nyayu Neti Arianti, and Basuki Sigit Priyono. "THE ANALYSIS OF PLANTATION FEMALE WORKER INCOME DETERMINANT." Agric 33, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2021.v33.i1.p29-42.
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This research was conducted to: 1) analyze the contribution of female worker income to household income, and 2) analyze the factors that influence the female worker income of plantation female workers at P.T. Agro Muko (Mukomuko Estate). The number of female workers at P.T. Agro Muko (Mukomuko Estate) was 297. Therefore, by using the Slovin formula, the counted number respondents was 75. The contribution of female worker’s income to household income was counted with the percentage of female worker’s income contribution to the total of household income. Meanwhile, the factors that influenced to the income of female worker was analyzed using multiple linear regression model. The results indicate that the average income of female worker is Rp 1,481,680/month with an average contribution of 55.17% to household income. Female worker ages and husband’s income had negative effect on the female worker income, while formal education, number of family dependents, and working experience had positive effect. Other family member’s income had no effect.
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Latysheva, L. "Worker support groups: The ranks of female workers." Metallurgist 34, no. 8 (August 1990): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00748642.
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Rahman Khan, Atiqur, and Jobair Khan. "Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Female Garmenmts Workers: Working Envionment." Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics 5, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2374-6904/5/2/00173.
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Working environments were causing musculoskeletal symptoms of female garments worker and continuing substantial health problem. These disorders affect millions of garments worker in developing and developed nations. The purpose of the study was to determine the musculoskeletal symptoms of female garments worker, to assess the socio-demographic status among the respondents at garments factory. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire to collect information. Total respondents among the female garments worker were selected as purposive sampling technique. Data were numerically coded and put in SPSS 16.0 version software program. A total of 150 respondents 89 sewing worker, 61 non-sewing workers; they were significant (P= .009) and mean age 26.91 ± 8.774. The result showed 58.7% respondents had musculoskeletal symptoms. The most common symptom was pain 28.7% and maximum affected part of the body were lower back 24.7%, neck14% and these were highly significant P= .000. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) used for pain measurement, where noted 36.7% moderate and 1.3% severe pain. Working tools and unadjusted ergonomic setup with body 79.3% and 80.7% respectively. Working with long duration of faulty posture 81.3% (P= .000) were statistically significant. It was identified the first experience of musculoskeletal symptom 7 days to 12 months were highest 43.4% and next 2 to 3 years 13.3. Musculoskeletal pain in the back due to the Ergonomical condition was a concern for the health in garments worker. Musculoskeletal symptom symbolized significant burden for garments worker. Keywords: Musculoskeletal Symptom; VSA; Female Garments Worker
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Tibrani, Tibrani. "PARTISIPASI DAN KONTRIBUSI TENAGA KERJA WANITA PADA USAHA KERIPIK UBI KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN KULIM KECAMATAN TENAYAN RAYA KOTA PEKANBARU." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 32, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2016.vol32(3).2578.
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The role of female laborers is not only a housewife but also has multiple roles in her family. This study aims to analyze: (1) Characteristics of female labor and business profile of cassava chips, (2) The amount of female worker participation, (3) The amount of female labor contribution to cassava chips business to household income, 4) Factors influencing the participation of female workers in cassava chips business. This research was conducted in Kulim District Tenayan Raya District from January to May 2016 using survey method. The sample of the study was deliberately taken by 33 female workers. The results showed that the average age of female workers was 33 years old, 9 years old with 3 years of work experience and 4 family dependents. Furthermore, female work participation rate (TPK) on cassava chips business is 1.52% with contribution of female worker earnings to total household income is 33,37%. F-calculation results show that simultaneously the value of adjusted coefficient R square (R2) 75.20%. Partially, the factors that influence significantly to participation are age factor, work experience, and woman worker wage at 90% and 95% confidence level.
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Briliyanto, Muhamad Bagus Adji, and Titik Harsanti. "Comparing Voluntary and Involuntary Part Time Female Workers in Maluku." Proceedings of The International Conference on Data Science and Official Statistics 2021, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 973–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/icdsos.v2021i1.249.
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Maluku Province has the third highest average length of schooling (RLS) for women nationally, but the rate of female workers with below normal working hours (part-time workers) is quite high. This study aims to determine the general description of married women age 15-49 years as part-time worker in Maluku and the determinants, also their tendency based on the significant variables using data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) August 2019. The analytical method used is multinomial logistic regression. The results of the study indicate the variables that significantly affect the part-time worker status of married women of reproductive age are employment status, income, and business field. The status of involuntary part-time worker (underemployed) significantly affected by age, work sector, disability, and the presence of toddlers. The status of voluntary part-time workers significantly affected by regional classification and education. The tendency to become underemployed is highest among those who have incomes below the minimum wage, work in agricultural sector, and work in informal sector. Meanwhile, the tendency to become voluntary part-time workers is highest among those who have incomes below the minimum wage, and work in the agricultural sector. So, policy makers must ensure married women get a decent paid job.
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Marsih, Linusia, and Christine Saragih. "SEX WORKER STIGMA IN MAUPASSANT’S “BOULE DE SUIF” AND TIRTAWIRYA’S “CATATAN SEORANG PELACUR”." Anaphora: Journal of Language, Literary and Cultural Studies 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/anaphora.v4i2.6072.
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This study aims to reveal stigma toward sex worker depicted in two literary texts i. e. a short story entitled “Boule de Suif” by Guy de Maupassant, a French writer and a short story entitled “Catatan Seorang Pelacur” by Putu Arya Tirtawirya, an Indonesian writer. The two short stories are chosen for the reason that both works depect the life of a female sex worker. This study is designed as a descriptive qualitative study with sociological approach. The sociological approach is applied because this study looks at society’s views on female sex workers tht is reflected in the short stories. Moreover, theories of stigma are reviewed to support the analysis. The Analysis is focused on the sex worker stigma, the manifestation of stigmatization against sex workers, how the female sex worker in each short story responds to the stigmatization, and whether authors of the short stories affirm or criticize their society.
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A. Taher, Mohammed, Salim A.Hammadi, and Ali A.Ali. "The Chages in Sex Hormones in Female Working in Battries Manufacturing Plant." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 15, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol15iss2pp23-28.
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Lead has toxic effects on reproduction of both male and female. It can cause decreased sex drive , infertility and abnormal menstrual cycle in women. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of exposure to lead in batteries female workers on sex hormones level in the serum.Thirty nine (39) female workers (volunteers) in Iraqi Batteries Manufacturing Plants, Al-Waziriya / Baghdad were participated in this study. They are classified into 3 groups, first group included fourteen (14) female that have been employed for 1-7 years , second group included thirteen (13) female that have been employed for 8-14 years , third group included twelve (12) female have been employed for15-22 years and and fourteen females were included as the control . Blood lead level, serum FSH, LH, prolactin and total testosterone were measured and compared for all subjects.The results indicated that mean of blood lead levels (BLL), testosterone levels were highly significant in all worker groups compared to the control (p<0.005).Prolactin levels in group I and FSH in group III were significantly higher than that in control ( P< 0.005) and (P<0.05) respectively. LH levels in groups II and III were significantly higher than that in control (P<0.05, P<0.005 respectively). High incidence of hirsutism (48%) and miscarriages (50%) were observed in worker groups compared to control (11%). The results indicated that there are hormonal changes in female workers exposed to lead associated with increased incidence of hirsutism and miscarriages compared to non exposed females .
Key words: Lead , Sex hormones hyperandrogenemia
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Lee, Jea-Yong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, and Jun-Pyo Myoung. "P.1.20 Trends in prevalence of obesity according to occupational group: the korean national health and nutrition examination survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A82.3—A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.223.
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ObjectivesThis study was designed to provide recent trends of obesity among workers in Korea, and identify whether there was difference across occupational group.MethodsWe used data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey phase I to VI (1998–2015) to analyze trends in prevalence of obesity in Korean adult workers. Obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Occupation was classified into 3 groups; a) non-manual worker, b) service/sales worker, c) manual worker.ResultDuring the period from KNHANES phase I to VI, the prevalence of obesity in male workers increased in all occupations as a whole (31.1% to 39.5% in manual worker, 32.3% to 38.2% in service/sales worker, 25.3% to 39.7% in manual worker). In contrast, female workers did not show a particular tendency except for a significantly decreasing in the prevalence rate in service/sales workers (30.8% to 23.9%, p for trend 0.0048).ConclusionsThe trends of obesity prevalence by gender and occupation were different. Especially for male manual-workers, the prevalence rate has increased steadily during the period, while it has decreased steadily in female sales/service workers. These results can be used to select vulnerable groups that can be applied to obesity prevention programs first.
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Suwandi, Nurfaizi. "The migration behavior model of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Egypt." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c7p5.
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This paper examines the migration behavior model of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers in Egypt. I develop a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) combined with the Theory of Migration. Samples of 209 respondents are collected using convenience sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to analyze the empirical model. The findings indicate that respondents who do not have a previous employment status tend to have a better perception or attitude towards the profession of migrant domestic worker. Encouragement from the surrounding environment, including family and friends, who agree, hope, recommend, or persuade them to work as a migrant worker is a significant factor in improving the intention to become a migrant worker, especially in Egypt.
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Dwianggimawati, Mayta Sari, Sunardi Radiono, and Theodola Baning Rahayujati. "Faktor risiko servisitis pada wanita pekerja seks di kegiatan layanan infeksi menular seksual mobile." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 33, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.18003.
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Purpose: This study aimed to identify risk factors of cervicitis among female sex workers in the district of Cilacap. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Total of respondents were 147 female sex workers who participated in the mobile sexual transmitted infection services. Demographic characteristic and risk factor data were collected by interviews using a structured questionnaire. Diagnosis of cervicitis was obtained by laboratory test with cervix swab. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression test with robust variance estimators.Results: Prevalence of cervicitis among female sex workers in the district of Cilacap were 70.75%. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of cervicitis among female sex worker were: age ≤24 years old, income, childbirth history, number of clients per week, and inconsistent of condoms use.Conclusions: Results showed the need to increase awareness of condom use among female sex workers through health promotion and counseling in mobile sexual transmitted infection services by the teams of sexual transmitted infection clinics. Potential targets for outreach health promotions and counseling are younger female sex worker (≤30 years old).
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Potter, Kathleen, Judy Martin, and Sarah Romans. "Early Developmental Experiences of Female Sex Workers: A Comparative Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00655.x.
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Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the early family environment of a sample of female sex workers and compare the findings with a large community data set of similarly aged women. Method: Sex workers recruited by a snowball method were given a semi-structured interview, which included the Parental Bonding Instrument. These results were compared to those from the Otago Women's Child Sexual Abuse (OWCSA) study. Results: The sex workers' families were of lower socioeconomic status and had experienced more parental separation than had the OWCSA families. The mothers of sex workers were more frequently the family's main wage earner. Sex workers described both parents as less caring than did the OWCSA women. They were significantly more likely than the OWCSA women to report childhood sexual abuse. The sex workers were more likely to have left home early, to have become pregnant before the age of 19 years and to not have completed tertiary study. Conclusions: The sex workers studied came from families with more interpersonal difficulties during childhood and adolescence than did a control community sample of similarly aged women. The relevance and generalisability of this conclusion to the wider sex worker population is difficult to determine, given the non-random selection of this sex worker sample.
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Babu, Cimil. "ASHA - World’s Largest All-female Frontline Community Health Worker: Features and Challenges." Indian Journal of Holistic Nursing 12, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2348.2133.202111.
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India accounts for the second-highest number of maternal deaths all over the world. India has shown a remarkable decline in MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) during the last two decades. According to the SRS (Sample Registration System), MMR dropped from more than 556 per 100,000 in 1990 to 113 in 2018 and the proportion of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel has increased from 58% in the 1990s to 81% in 2019. In the year 2005, the Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) with the purpose of improving the existing health facilities provided to the community with a special focus on the poor and vulnerable states and societies. NRHM identified ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), a voluntary community health worker, to provide services to the community on incentives. ASHA workers are the female health workers who have hailed from the same community where they serve. An ASHA worker acts as a link person between the health system and the community. At present, ASHA services are utilised in a number of programmes including maternal and child health, Various studies have extensively documented about ASHAs dissatisfaction with their pay and workload. ASHA services are widely accepted by societies, especially the poor, but issues like sexual harassment, violence, unsafe working conditions, and cast discrimination were also reported.ASHA programme plays a critical role in implementing Government health programmes, especially on MCH. Therefore keeping the ASHA updated and motivated is very important for performing her duties efficiently and effectively.
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Fields, Judith, and Edward N. Wolff. "Interindustry Wage Differentials and the Gender Wage Gap." ILR Review 49, no. 1 (October 1995): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399504900107.
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Using data from the March 1988 Current Population Survey, the authors find that the wages of female workers differ significantly by industry, even when the analysis controls for workers' productivity-related characteristics. Although these interindustry wage differentials are at least as large as men's and are highly correlated with them as well, there are statistically significant differences between the two. Of the overall gender wage gap (the average female worker earns about 65% as much as the average male worker), 12–22% can be explained by differences between the patterns of interindustry wage differentials of men and women and 15–19% by differences in the distribution of male and female workers across industries. Thus, the combined industry effects explain about one-third of the overall gender wage gap.
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Asadullah, M. Niaz, and Fahema Talukder. "The paradox of the contented female worker." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 800–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2018-0283.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of subjective and emotional well-being of workers in Bangladesh’s female-intensive export-oriented ready-made garments (RMG) factories based on a function of demographic, economic and psychological factors and work-place characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Employee-level data are obtained from a purposefully designed survey conducted in 2014 on 50 RMG factories located outside the country’s export processing zones. Dependent variables include domain-specific as well as overall life satisfaction. The analysis is quantitative in nature and based on ordered probit and (factory) fixed-effect regression models. Findings Compared to men, female workers are found to be more satisfied with life and financial situations and less depressed, a finding that is robust to controls for workplace characteristics and policies (e.g. provisions for childcare; higher presence of female supervisors; and management’s attitude toward work life balance) and factory fixed effects. This suggests that despite various compliance-related problems, employment in the RMG sector is intrinsically valued by female employees. Among other findings, although absolute income does not appear to affect well-being, relative income effect is statistically significant. Originality/value Although there is a sizable literature on the importance of decent jobs and women’s employment in low-pay manufacturing jobs in developing countries, studies on whether women intrinsically value such jobs are limited. Our study is unique in the sense that it draws on a purposefully designed survey conducted a year after the deadly collapse of RMG factory buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The incident exposed unsafe work conditions in which millions of women work in manufacturing sector around the developing world. To our knowledge, this is also the first paper on subjective assessment of work and non-work aspects of lives of women employed in Bangladesh’s RMG sector. The study also contributes to the international literature on the paradox of the contented female worker in low-pay jobs. Therefore, the paper will be of significant interest to readers from other countries that rely on apparel exports and depend on female labor.
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Simons, Nadine M. "The Female Worker and Physically Demanding Work." AAOHN Journal 35, no. 5 (May 1987): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507998703500508.
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Rabiah, Masayu Gemala, Rini Mutahar, and Rico Januar Sitorus. "The Risk Factors Analysis Occurrence of Chlamydia Infection to Direct Female Seks Workers (DFSW) in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186801024.
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Chlamydia infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Based on data of IBBS 2015 in Indonesia, the highest prevalence of chlamydia occurred in direct female sex worker group (32.21%). This study a STIs to determine the risk factors for chlamydia infection in direct sex workers. This research uses Cross-Sectional study design. The population of this study were all direct female sex workers as many as 3,789 people with samples in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 3.114 people. The prevalence of direct female sex workers with chlamydia infection was 1.018 (32.4%). The result of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between age (PR: 0.541 95% CI: 0.456-0.643) and length of work as FDSW (PR: 1,.60, 95% CI: 1.087-1.512) chlamydia infection in female sex workers in Indonesia. most dominant variable has an effect on the incidence of chlamydia infection that is long working as FDSW after controlled by age (PR 1.282 95% CI: 1.087-1,.12). It is expected for the government to improve the implementation of prevention program of chlamydia not only among female sex worker but also proactive to customer.
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Crawford, Nancy, and Helen M. Devries. "Relationship between Role Perception and Well-Being in Married Female Missionaries." Journal of Psychology and Theology 33, no. 3 (September 2005): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710503300304.
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Although women play a significant role in world missions, few studies have been done to ascertain what factors enhance their effectiveness and sense of well-being. This study surveyed 153 married female missionaries to explore how they perceive their overall well-being and missionary role, and whether their perception of their role is related to their sense of well-being. Unexpectedly, responses indicated a need to modify Bowers (1984) Classification of Married Women Missionaries' Roles from four categories into two: “direct worker” or “support worker.” In an analysis of the data using this new classification Direct Workers were found to have a lower level of emotional distress than Support Workers. Additionally, participants' answers to open-ended questions indicated a moderate level of relevance of role issues in their lives as missionaries. Implications of these findings for enhancing married female missionary's well-being and for future research using this new classification are discussed.
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Barde, Pradip, Mohit Shahi, Nayana Pawar, and Akshay Bhagat. "Prevalence of Pre-Hypertension in Migrant Worker Population." MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/0/v0/i0/11040.
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Aim: To determine prevalence of Pre-hypertension in migrant worker population. Methods and Materials: An observational study were conducted on migrant workers from various types of working sites like construction, hotels and restaurants, industry in municipal limits of Nashik. Study Duration was six months with estimated sample size 1000. Body weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Result: Of the 959 migrant workers (male and female) 809 (84.35%) belonged to 10-40 years age group, in which 22 % was female. We found that 30% of total population was overweight (BMI more than 25) and 63% workers are having abnormal blood pressure. The overall prevalence of hypertension in migrant population was 18.44%. 27% migrant populations were pre-hypertensive while 8% have Stage I Hypertension and 1% of total have Stage II hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of pre hypertension in migrant worker population was higher than prevalence in general population.
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Ridwanullah, Ade Iwan. "PORGAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PEMBERDAYAAN TKW PURNA BERBASIS UMKM." Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i1.40.
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Research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Empowerment of ex-female migrant worker (TKW Purna) based on UMKM as part of the excellent program of CSR’s Pertamina RU VI Balongan, Indramayu, West Java Province. This activity program is motivated by the conditions of community in Indramayu as the second largest region in Indonesia female migrants worker (TKW) abroad who have also contributed to the number of total female migrant workers (TKW) which has an impact on the high rate of productive unemployment which is not matched by the availability of employment. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, field notes and documentation. The results showed that the empowerment of ex-female migrant worker (TKW Purna) based on UMKM was carried out through mentoring activities, creating Joint Entrepreneur Group (KUB) “Hawa Kreasi”, financial assistantship, p-irt certification and package branding, entrepreneurship management training and marketing activities. The succeeded of these activities program is supported by factors that support activities including: resources, communication, and organizational structures that influence and strengthen each other.
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Rojek, Wiktoria, Karolina Kuszewska, Monika Ostap-Chęć, and Michał Woyciechowski. "Do rebel workers in the honeybee Apis mellifera avoid worker policing?" Apidologie 50, no. 6 (November 20, 2019): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00689-6.
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AbstractA recent study showed that worker larvae fed in a queenless colony develop into another female polyphenic form—rebel workers. The rebel workers are more queen-like than normal workers because they have higher reproductive potential revealed by more ovarioles in their ovaries. However, it was unclear whether eggs laid by rebel workers avoided worker policing. Worker-laid eggs are normally eaten by other workers in a queenright colony. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of three classes of eggs, namely, those laid by normal workers, rebel workers, and the queen. All eggs were tested in queenright colonies. We expected that rebel workers would avoid policing by laying more queen-like eggs. Contrary to our expectations, eggs laid by rebel workers were eaten by other workers, as were eggs laid by normal workers, and only a few worker-laid eggs (both normal and rebel) survived for more than 3 h. Therefore, in a queenright colony, eggs laid by rebel workers do not avoid policing.
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Huang, Yali, and Fei Liu. "Constraints and Optimization Paths of Female Migrant Workers’ Employment." Scientific and Social Research 4, no. 7 (July 14, 2022): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v4i7.4189.
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The employment of migrant workers has always been a hot topic, and it is a difficult problem that is should be urgently solved in China. Female farmers are one of the most special members of the migrant worker group. Due to the social concepts and their physiological characteristics, female migrant belongs to a vulnerable group in the job market. Under the predicament of unequal basic resources, difficulty in protecting the labor rights and interests, and multiple roles, the living and survival pressure of female migrant workers have become heavier. Therefore, the optimization of the employment of female migrant workers should be initiated. The paper, discusses the issues related to the female migrant worker’s employment.
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Risaldi, Risaldi, Ratih Wirapuspita, and Iriyani Kamarudin. "Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Tingkat Produktivitas Pekerja Wanita di PT. Idec Abadi Wood Industries Tarakan." Jurnal Kesehatan 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/j-kes.v5i1.43.
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Factors that affect worker producktivity is the intake level of nutrient of worker who can be seen from their nutritional status. The need for workers nutrition must be in accordance with the job. A worker with a good nutritional state will have a better working capacity and endurance, on the other hand a worker with a poor nutritional state will accelerate exhaustion and this can disrupt productivity. This study aims to know the correlation of nutritional status that consists of body mass index, energi intake, protein intake, and intake of iron to the productivity of female workers in PT. Idec Abadi Wood Industries. This study uses cross sectional study design. The sample in this study was a female worker at the wholesale totaling 50 people, by measured the body mass index (BMI) and recall 24 hours. Data analysis technique used is multiple linier regression. Result from the study showed an association between nutrional status (BMI) and productivity (0,001 < 0,05), energy intake with productivity (0.008 < 0,05), intake of iron with productivity (0.045 < 0.05). And there was no significant association between protein intake and productivity (0,243 < 0,05). Companies were advised to make a special program for the monitoring process and the adequacy of nutrient intake of workers. The company needs to add medical personel especially in the field of nutrition. Dissemination of information through sosialization, posters or leflets on the pattern of balanced nutrition for workersKeywords : Productivity, Nutritional Status
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Crain, Marion. "Gender and Union Organizing." ILR Review 47, no. 2 (January 1994): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700205.
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Analyzing survey and interview data gathered in 1990 and 1991, the author assesses the influence of worker gender on the union organizing philosophy and strategies adopted by union organizing directors and field organizers. The results suggest that although most of those sampled did not view worker gender as influential in shaping organizing style, some service sector union organizers and organizers of “pink-collar” workers (who are predominantly female) were using organizing styles different from the conventional style. Further, the approaches of female organizers, particularly those organizing for occupationally targeted divisions of manufacturing unions, appeared to be explicitly gender-conscious.
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Buchanan, Tom. "THE PARADOX OF THE CONTENTED FEMALE WORKER IN A TRADITIONALLY FEMALE INDUSTRY." Sociological Spectrum 25, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 677–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732170500256682.
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Bednar, Steven, and Dora Gicheva. "Career Implications of Having a Female-Friendly Supervisor." ILR Review 71, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 426–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917703973.
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The authors study how variations in supervisors’ attitudes toward working with females generate gender differences in workers’ observed career outcomes. The employment records of athletic directors and head coaches in a set of NCAA Division I programs provide longitudinal matched employer–worker data. Supervisors are observed at multiple establishments, which allows the authors to construct a measure of revealed type and to examine its role for the performance and turnover of lower-level employees. The authors observe that the careers of male and female workers progress differently depending on supervisor type in a way that is consistent with a type-based mentoring model. The results suggest that more focus should be placed on managerial attitudes revealed through actions in addition to observable attributes such as gender.
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Miller, Jennifer. "Her Fight is Your Fight: “Guest Worker” Labor Activism in the Early 1970s West Germany." International Labor and Working-Class History 84 (2013): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791300029x.
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AbstractWhen the postwar economic boom came to a crashing halt in early 1970s West Germany, foreign “guest workers,” often the first to be laid off, bore the brunt of high inflation, rising prices, declining growth rates, widespread unemployment, and social discontent. Following the economic downturn and the ensuing crisis of stagflation, workers' uprisings became increasingly common in West Germany. The summer of 1973 saw a sharp increase in workers' activism broadly, including a wave of “women's strikes.” However, historical attention to the role of foreign workers, especially of foreign female workers, within these strikes has been limited. This article presents a case study of wildcat strikes spearheaded by foreign, female workers in the early 1970s, focusing specifically on the strikes at the Pierburg Autoparts Factory in Neuss, West Germany. For these foreign women, activism in the early 1970s had a larger significance than just securing better working conditions. Indeed, striking foreign workers were no longer negotiating temporary problems; they were signaling that they were there to stay. Foreign workers' sustained and successful activism challenged the imposed category of “guest worker,” switching the emphasis from guest to worker. Ultimately, the Pierburg strikes' outcomes benefited all workers—foreign and German, male and female—and had grave implications for wage discrimination across West Germany as well.
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Ruwayda, Ruwayda, and M. Dody Izhar. "Perilaku Wanita Pekerja Seks Melakukan Konseling dan Tes HIV." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 18, no. 3 (October 6, 2018): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v18i3.514.
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The high prevalence of current HIV / AIDS problems is not only a health problem of infectious disease, but has become a very widespread public health problem, one of the high risk groups is Female Sex Workers (WPS). The number of female sex workers who counsel and test HIV in Rawasari Health Center is still low that is 27,67%. This research is quantitative research with cross sectional method, using Systematic Random Sampling technique with sample number 77 female sex worker. Instrument used questionnaire, analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate and chi-square test. The result of the analysis of 77 respondents, 61% have bad behavior to do counseling of HIV test and 39% have good behavior do counseling of HIV test, 57,1% of respondents have low knowledge, 50,6% of respondents have unfavorable attitude and 50,6 respondents argue that the role of health workers is good for HIV counseling and testing. The result of bivariate analysis shows that there is significant correlation between knowledge (p-value = 0,000), attitude (p-value = 0,000) and the role of health officer (p-value = 0,013) with female sex worker conduct HIV counseling and testing at Payo Sigadung City of Jambi.It is hoped that health officers at Rawasari Puskesmas will improve direct and periodic counseling through information media, encourage and encourage female sex workers to conduct HIV counseling and testing.
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O’Sullivan, Maeve, Christine Cross, and Jonathan Lavelle. "The forgotten labour force: Characteristics and trends for older female part-time workers in Ireland." Irish Journal of Management 39, no. 1 (August 22, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijm-2010-0006.
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AbstractChanging labour markets, educational attainment, work experience, constraints and preferences have all been proposed to explain the features of contemporary female labour force participation. This engagement has been characterised as part-time and segregated in low status, poorly paid jobs. Despite the fact that almost half of all older female workers are employed part-time, there is a dearth of information on who these workers are (the forgotten labour force) and what, if anything has changed over time for this cohort. For the first time, key variables are drawn from three labour force datasets over a 16-year period to provide a likely profile of the older female part-time worker, highlight where they work and in what capacity, as well as shedding light on what has changed over this period. This trend analysis highlights significant changes for this worker cohort, the implications of which are discussed from individual, organisational and societal perspectives.
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Haque, Md Ekramul, Md Shah Golam Nabi, Sumon Chandra Debnath, Irfan Nowroze Noor, Monalisa Monwar, Imran Khan, Zahidur Rahim, and Md Abdur Rouf. "Socio-demographic profile and lung function status among tobacco wor." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33570.
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This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the lung function status and socio-demographic profile of the tobacco workers. The study place was Akij Tobacco Industry which is situated in Sharsa Upazila under Jessore District of Bangladesh. The period of the study extending from January to December 2014. Tobacco worker who had worked in Akij Tobacco Industry, both male and female and working period more than one year. The total sample size was 203 and simple random sampling was done to select the workers on the basis of their identification number. Data were collected through face to face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and lung function status measured by the spirometer. About one-third (34.0%) of the workers was in the age group 40-60 years and mean age were35.8 ± 0.2 years. Of them the majority (54.1%) were male, 89.2% were married, and 48.3% were illiterate. More than half (53.2%) of the worker from the joint family and maximum (53.7%) respondents were in the income group 5000-10000 taka, 39.4% of the worker lived in katcha house and 95.5% were using the sanitary latrine. Approximately half (49.7%) of workers were working for more than 10 years and 66.5% of the workers were working daily for 6-8 hours. More than half (52.7%) of the workers were consuming tobacco product in which 62.3% used to smoke and 31.1% exposed to smokeless tobacco. The mean ± SD forced vital capacity in the 1st second (FEV1) was 2.25 ± 0.12 whereas forced vital capacity (FVC) was 2.59 ± 0.27 and the FEV1/FVC ratio was 87.16 ± 4.91.There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between male and female in their lung function status. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between in mean score of FEV1/FVC ratio and the total working period. From the public health point of view, preventive measures need to be taken to control the dusty environment and wearing of personal protective masks.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 205-210
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Mahapatro, Sandhya. "Female employment in India: determinants of choice of sector of activity." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2017-0108.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the choice of employment sector for women is driven by the structure of the labour market or determined by the household socioeconomic condition. Design/methodology/approach Data for the study were drawn from the National Sample Survey 68th round (2011–2012). The sector of employment was assessed through females’ participation as an unpaid labour, employer/own account worker, informal wage worker, formal wage worker and unemployed. A multinomial logit model was used to examine the factors that determine the sector of employment. Findings Although education increases formal employment among women, most of them are unemployed or entering into informal employment. It indicates that the labour market has not been able to integrate educated women into formal employment. Research limitations/implications Increase in female education accompanied by a slow growth of employment creates the challenge to accommodate the educated and skilled women in formal employment. Originality/value This study examines the factors determining the sectoral participation of employment to assess the responses of the current labour market for the females, especially educated females who have not been adequately addressed. The findings of the study have significant implications for formulating appropriate labour market policies for the educated female labour force.
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Elcacho, Lisard Palau. "A Short Note on Women's Work in the Textile Industrial Colonies of Inland Catalonia in the Early Twentieth Century." Local Population Studies 107 (2021): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps107.2021.68.
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Industrial colonies were one of the most characteristic phenomena of the industrial revolution in Catalonia. They first appeared in the 1870s, developing their own labour and social model, and eventually totalled more than 70 in number. Taking 11 cotton textile colonies as its point of reference, the aim of this paper is to analyse, based on local sources such as municipal enumerators' books and worker censuses, the labour force participation of the women who lived and worked in the Catalan textile company towns in the early twentieth century. Once the rate of female activity is calculated, the article analyses the determining factors of female participation in these labour markets and the family strategies adopted to combine productive and reproductive work. Furthermore, it also examines workforce composition and employment structure, observing the behaviours of female workers in the labour market, the occupations that women performed, and the job stability that they enjoyed.
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Kuhn, Alexandre, Hugo Darras, and Serge Aron. "Phenotypic plasticity in an ant with strong caste–genotype association." Biology Letters 14, no. 1 (January 2018): 20170705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0705.
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Caste determination in social Hymenoptera (whether a female egg develops into a reproductive queen or a sterile worker) is a remarkable example of phenotypic plasticity where females with highly similar genomes exhibit striking differences in morphology and behaviour. This phenotypic dichotomy is typically influenced by environmental factors. However, recent studies have revealed a strong caste–genotype association in hybridogenetic ants: workers are all interlineage hybrids while queens are all purebred, suggesting that female caste fate is genetically determined. Using the hybridogenetic ant Cataglyphis mauritanica , we show that under laboratory conditions, purebred offspring develop into reproductive queens but occasionally give rise to workers. Moreover, while hybrids typically become workers, juvenile hormone treatment can switch their developmental pathway to the reproductive caste. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity has been retained in an ant with a strong caste–genotype association, despite its lack of expression in natural conditions.
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Plowright, R. C., and C. M. S. Plowright. "The laying of male eggs by bumble bee queens: an experimental reappraisal and a new hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-072.
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The hypothesis that proximal factors associated with high worker density in a bumble bee (Bombus terricola) colony trigger laying of male eggs by the queen was examined in a series of four experiments. Neither the age of workers, the presence or absence of laying workers, nor the amount of pollen available to the colony affected the date of first male egg laying. Moreover, queens that had begun laying male eggs did not revert to laying female eggs after being removed from their colonies and placed in isolation. Instead, onset of male egg production appeared to be associated with the date of attainment of a critical worker/larva ratio in the colony. Functional considerations lead to the new hypothesis that queens monitor their egg-laying performance and begin to lay male eggs when it can be predicted that their female eggs will be raised as young queens.
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Analoui, Bejan David, and Dinuka B. Herath. "Independent female escorts: Stigmatized, value-adding entrepreneurs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 20, no. 2 (August 12, 2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750318792513.
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In this article we characterize an independent female escort (IFE) as a sex worker who provides sexual services and companionship in exchange for remuneration, makes use of the Internet for the solicitation of her clients, and solicits those clients and organizes her work in a largely independent manner. We draw on the typology of value-adding and value-extracting entrepreneurship to argue that the activities of IFEs can be considered as entrepreneurial activity that has clear individual and societal benefits. Despite undertaking value-adding entrepreneurial activity, IFEs, as with other sex workers, often face social stigma and concomitant social exclusion. We argue that such stigma is not warranted, and highlight the opportunities for undertaking research into the manner in which perceived and experienced social stigma may affect the entrepreneurial activity of IFEs.
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Jamalludin, Jamalludin. "Female Worker Problems : Skill Mismatch Versus Working Hours Mismatch." Jurnal Aplikasi Statistika & Komputasi Statistik 14, no. 1 (March 13, 2022): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34123/jurnalasks.v14i1.393.
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Female workers have a double burden, between work in the office and at home. Skill mismatch and working hours mismatch exacerbate the problems faced by female workers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between skill mismatch and working hours mismatch with the job satisfaction of female workers. This study used secondary data from Happiness Level Measurement Survey (SPTK) 2017. Indonesia Statistics office organized SPTK2017 at all Indonesian provinces with 72.317 respondents. Respondents in SPTK2017 are the head of the household or his/her couple. The unit of analysis in this study was female workers with a total of 21,805 observations.The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The descriptive findings show that as many as 22.1 percent of female workers with skills mismatch and 27.85 percent of female workers working hours mismatch are not satisfied with the work they are doing. The regression findings show that skill mismatch and working hours mismatch is negatively related to women's job satisfaction. Working hours mismatch has the strongest relationship to women's job satisfaction among other variables in the model.
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Mueller, Charles W., and Jean E. Wallace. "Justice and the Paradox of the Contented Female Worker." Social Psychology Quarterly 59, no. 4 (December 1996): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2787075.
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Filippova, O. V., and N. V. Pyatigorskaya. "Pharmacy worker as a factor affecting reproductive female health." Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 14, no. 5 (November 23, 2020): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2020.113.
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Wood, J. M., and C. J. Grant. "The Female Casual Worker: Is Money All That Matters?" Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841118502300207.
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Lofberg, K., A. Sharma, F. Keli, E. Bukusi, and C. Cohen. "FEMALE SEX WORKER CONDOM USE PATTERNS BY PARTNER TYPE." Journal of Investigative Medicine 52 (January 2004): S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042871-200401001-00281.
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DEMİR ÇELEBİ, Çiğdem. "Being a Female Domestic Worker During the Pandemic Period from the Hope Perspective." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.2.436.
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Pandemic processes are important factors triggering the changes in the psychological and sociological structure of society. The COVID-19 outbreak has embodied many variables affecting people's lives in several terms in Turkey as in the whole world. People have appeared to face many psychosocial and economic difficulties due to the social and economic conditions changing with the pandemic period. During this period, domestic workers are the first people who experience these problems in multiple ways. Hope is an important concept in terms of protecting and improving the well-being of domestic worker women who have serious problems in terms of social security, social relations and economic income. Therefore, this research aims at examining the hope mechanisms developed by female domestic workers against the difficulties they experience during the pandemic period between March-June 2020. As it known, hope increases the well-being of people. 15 female domestic workers participated in the research, which was designed in a descriptive phenomenological pattern. The analyses obtained as a result of the interviews held with the female domestic workers revealed that the findings were related to the themes of sources of hope and adaptation process during the pandemic.
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Yarsiah, Riva Dila, and Alia Azmi. "Beban Ganda Buruh Tani Perempuan di Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai Kecamatan Talamau Kabupaten Pasaman Barat." Journal of Civic Education 3, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jce.v3i3.367.
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This study aims to describe the phenomenon of the double burden endured by female farm workers in Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai and the impact of the double burden on family and social activities in the community and to identify the involvement of the female farmworker's husband in domestic work. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method conducted in Jorong Limpato Nagari Kajai Talamau District, West Pasaman Regency. The informants in this study were determined using purposive sampling technique. The type of data in this study consisted of primary and secondary data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show the phenomenon of the double burden faced by women farm workers can be seen from their productive, reproductive, and social roles in society. The positive impact of a double burden on the family is to increase the husband's income in meeting family needs, while the negative impact is the time to gather with the family and educate and supervise children is limited and the difficulty in allocating time to carry out their role creates pressure for farm laborers. The positive impact of a double burden on social activities in the community is women active in social activities in the community that are informal as at weddings and deaths, while the negative impact is the lack of interaction between women farm workers and community members, in addition to social activities held during the day women farm workers are rarely attended because to attend they are forced to leave their jobs. The involvement of the female farm worker husband in domestic work is very low due to the construction of community thought in Jorong Limpato which results in gender injustice against the female farm worker.
interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show the phenomenon of the double burden faced by women farm workers can be seen from their productive, reproductive, and social roles in society. The positive impact of a double burden on the family is to increase the husband's income in meeting family needs, while the negative impact is the time to gather with the family and educate and supervise children is limited and the difficulty in allocating time to carry out their role creates pressure for farm laborers. The positive impact of a double burden on social activities in the community is women active in social activities in the community that are informal as at weddings and deaths, while the negative impact is the lack of interaction between women farm workers and community members, in addition to social activities held during the day women farm workers are rarely attended because to attend they are forced to leave their jobs. The involvement of the female farm worker husband in domestic work is very low due to the construction of community thought in Jorong Limpato which results in gender injustice against the female farm worker.
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Alotaibi, Nouf. "The Role of Preventive Approach of Social Work to Prevent the Risks of Intellectual Deviation among University Students." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Social Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 136–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ss28684408.
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Social workers are an important part of the efforts to combat intellectual deviation among young people in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted on 102 social workers to examine the social worker's actual role (the practitioner) in protecting university students from the dangers of intellectual deviation by identifying the actual practice roles and the challenges they face in three public universities in Saudi Arabia. The study concluded that social workers play many roles to protect students from intellectual deviation, the most important of which is to develop critical thinking among students to think soundly. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that training female students on cultural openness and interest in consolidating identity was one of the least practiced roles in this field. The social worker faces many obstacles in exercising the preventive role, the most important of which is the lack of a media plan to clarify the role of the university social worker in protecting female students from the dangers of intellectual deviation. The second obstacle is the social workers' lack of sufficient skill in changing students' ideas and concepts. In addition, to the students' lack of awareness of the nature of the role played by the social worker when practicing the preventive approach to confront intellectual extremism. The study suggests focusing on cultural sensitivity in exercising the preventive role in combating intellectual extremism among young people and presenting several strategies that contribute to the development of social work in this field.
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Aditi, Dr Sneha, and Dr Abdul Aziz. "Hypovitaminosis D in Various Age Groups and its Effect on Office Worker and Non Office Worker: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220612.
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Introduction: Vitamin D is known to be a key regulator of bone metabolism and is associated with muscle strength. Its deficiency is rampant worldwide, but some groups are at greater risk. Aim: We aim to evaluate vitamin D levels in different age group and identify office going groups and non office going group vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Material and Methods: We here by analyze vitamin D levels of various sex and age group people tested in SRL diagnostic lab at Patna from May 2021 to April 2022. Further were categorized in office going group and non office going group. According to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the patients were further grouped into either the deficiency group (25(OH)D<20 ng/mL), insufficiency group (25(OH)D- 20 to <30.0 ng/mL) and sufficiency group having >30ng/ml. Hypovitaminosis D included both deficiency and insufficiency group. The differences between the 2 groups were compared. We used a Chi-squared test to determine the significance of differences between proportions for hypovitaminosis D between office going and non office going groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of 993 cases the overall average vitamin D level for all the cases are 24.004±20.87.Out of total cases 58.50% cases were female and 41.49% cases were of male patients. In female patients 71% cases had hypovitaminosis D where as 79% male patient had hypovitaminosis D. Different age groups were formed where group I included 0-12years, group II included 13-19years, group III included 20-39years, group IV included 40-59years and group V included >60years. Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency and insufficiency) was seen in 79% population of group I and II, 78% group III, 71% group IV and 66% group V. 35% population were office going and other 75% population was non office going which almost included similar percentage of male and female population in both the groups i.e. 40% male population and 60% female population. In office going population 83% male population had hypovitaminosis D where as 72% female population had hypovitaminosis D. Conclusion: In conclusion, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was noted among infant, children, adolescents and elderly despite the abundant sunshine. Compared to females, males were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency, and male gender appears to be a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency. This may reflect strong sun avoidance behavior among all the age group. Occupation as such in this study had no direct role on vitamin D status. Keywords: Vitamin D, Deficiency, Insufficiency, sufficient, Office going, children.
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Rosińska-Kordasiewicz, Anna. "Służąca, pracownik, domownik. Polki jako pomoce domowe w Neapolu w kontekście retradycjonalizacji instytucji." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 52, no. 2 (April 9, 2008): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2008.52.2.4.
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The text is based on fieldwork research in Naples, mainly on the analysis of in-depth interviews with Polish female migrant domestic workers. The analysis is presented against the background of re-traditionalisation of the institution of domestic service, caused by contemporary migration processes, which introduce serious asymmetry to the situation of domestic worker. Combining own research materials with the information from literature concerning contemporary and past domestic workers, the text aims at individuating and describing basic models of relationships between domestic worker and employers. The individuated models are: “overt degradation”, “fictive kinship”, “professionalisation” and “friendly professionalism”. The article employs symbolic-interactional perspective to show the interplay between models and perspectives and the ways the models are used in everyday interactions between domestic workers and employers.
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Tasnim, Zerin, and Afreen Ahmad Hasnain. "Identifying the Factors of a Happy Worker: Case of Private Banks of Bangladesh." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v5i1.125.
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A happy worker at workplace has a direct impact on the overall quality of his/her life and therefore it’s very important to understand what makes us happy or unhappy at work. Also a happy worker is an important factor for all organizations development and to enhance its productivity. A company should focus on workers to be happy because of their own improvement. But, surprisingly, there is an absence of sound framework for understanding such an important issue from both workers’ and organization’s perspective. This study focus on various kinds of workplaces of Bangladesh and for this purpose a survey is done among 200 employees of six private banks within both male and female employees. The present study focuses on five particular phenomena related to identify the dimensions of a happy worker as psychological wellbeing, peer behavior, work family conciliation, work stress, management cooperation and personal development.
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Febrina, Lidya. "Strategi Peer Educator untuk Peningkatan Kesadaran Pekerja Seks Perempuan terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi." Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsa.6.1.1-11.2020.
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This article presents the results of research on peer educator strategies to raise female sex workers' awareness of reproductive health. The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the strategies used by peer educators to build sex worker awareness of workers' reproductive health; 2) Identifying barriers to peer educators in providing education on reproductive health to female sex workers. To achieve the research objectives, the theory used is the Social Exchange Theory of George C, Homans and the research approach used is qualitative with descriptive research type. To obtain data, researchers used in-depth interviews and observation techniques. The results showe that the strategies used by peer educators in providing education about reproductive health were: coercion, giving advice, and persuasion. Meanwhile, the obstacles found by peer educators in providing education on reproductive health were: the imbalance of exchanges between peer educators and female sex workers and the distrust of female sex workers in peer educators.
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Priyono, Basuki Sigit, Indra Cahyadinata, and Setiowati. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KONTRIBUSI PENGHASILAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA PEMETIK TEH DI PTP. NUSANTARA VI KAYU ARO KABUPATEN KERINCI PROPINSI JAMBI." Jurnal AGRISEP 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.6.2.101-113.
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The research was conducted in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro, Regency of Kerinci, Jambi Province on July to August 2006. The respondents are daily fix employees (DFE) of female tea picker, research location was chosen purposively. Aims of the research are: to know the productivity level, income level and contribution level to the family income of tea picker female worker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro Regenci of Kerinci, Jambi Province. Sampling conducted by Simple Random Sampling, total samples are 102 respondents of 1,011 people population. Statistic analysis used in the research is Rank Spearman (rs) correlation test by reliability level 95% (a/2 = 0.025) and to examine the significance level used two ways t-test. In order to describe the characteristic and income level were used central measurement or score average of whole respondents as categorizing used value rank (interval). Based on result and discussion of the research, average of work productivity of tea picker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro is 5.55 kg/h and average income of tea picker female worker that gained by picking tea is Rp. 727,637.27/months by contribution of 58.31%. Statistic analysis result by Rank Spearman correlation test has known that factors of responsibility family member, motivation, and perception to income has significant correlation to the productivity level of tea picker female worker in PTP Nusantara VI Kayu Aro. Factors of age, formal education, work experience and perception to company facilities have not significant correlation to the productivity level of female worker of tea picker. Keyword : Productivity, Contribution, Female Worker of Tea Pickers
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Carrington, William J., and Kenneth R. Troske. "Sex Segregation in U.S. Manufacturing." ILR Review 51, no. 3 (April 1998): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100305.
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This study of interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry improves on previous work by using more detailed information on the characteristics of both workers and firms and adopting an improved measure of segregation. The data source is the Worker-Establishment Characteristics Database (a U.S. Census Bureau database) for 1990. There are three main findings. First, interplant sex segregation in the U.S. manufacturing industry is substantial, particularly among blue-collar workers. Second, even in analyses that control for a variety of plant characteristics, the authors find that female managers tend to work in the same plants as female supervisees. Finally, they find that interplant sex segregation can account for a substantial fraction of the male/female wage gap in the manufacturing industry, particularly among blue-collar workers.
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Zakiah, Kiki, and Chairiawaty. "Standardized Certification for Indonesian Female Migrant Workers: Towards Qualified Domestic Workers." SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Studies 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36625/sj.v1i2.13.
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This research paper is entitled Standardized Certification for Indonesian Female Migrant Workers: Towards Qualified Domestic Workers. The problem of the research was derived from the fact that Indonesia is the highest sender of female migrant workers. Based on the data taken from BNP2TKI, female migrant workers from Indonesia mostly work in domestic sector as housemaids. Unfortunately, most of them are still considered unskilled. There is a quite significant difference between Philippines and Indonesia’s government policy in positioning migrant workers. The government of Philippines is very serious about preparing policy to position migrant workers by providing diplomatic protection, since they realize that the income from remittance can reach 20 %, and preparing public education policy concerning migration in the form of massive pre-departure orientation in migrant worker areas.
In order for Indonesian migrant workers to compete with other workers, government is required to prepare the migrant workers to fulfill requirements and standards and prepare the agenda for strengthening legal recognition of their work as housemaids. Nusron Wahid, BNP2TKI chairperson, stated that Indonesian migrant workers need to improve their skills. This is necessarily required to change the face of Indonesian migrant workers. Skill improvement program for migrant workers is provided by Labor Training Centers that can be found in every province in Indonesia. Labor Training Center offers some programs and activities both
for migrant workers and public, so they can improve their knowledge, skill and character
This research focused on how migrant workers empower themselves in terms of knowledge, skill, and character building through certified programs given by Labor Training Center. The research problems can be identified as follows: (1) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center upgrade migrant worker’s knowledge, (2) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center increase migrant worker’s skill, and (3) to what extent can the certified programs given by Labor Training Center improve migran workers’ character. The objectives of the research are: (1) to find out the map of the knowledge development of migrant workers taking the certified programs in Labor Training Center; (2) to know the improvement of migrant workers’ skill s, and (3) to find out the improvement of migrant workers’ character s .
The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were gathered from previous research, in form of journals, documents and participant observation. From the data gathered, it was found out that the initiation programs organized by Labor Training Center was the dissemination of information about working abroad. This was aimed to give information to those who wanted to work outside Indonesia legally, securely, and appropriately, and to give information on opportunities to find some jobs overseas along with the advantages and disadvantages. This is one way to prepare Indonesian migrant workers to be ready to work outsideIndonesia. This means that migrant workers are given some knowledge to be well-prepared workers.
In order to increase the skill of migrant workers, Labor Training Center offered some skill upgrading programs supported by practices. The skills are divided into: personal skill, social skill, and technology skill such as housework activities, social interaction, communication media, and many more. The aim was to improve the skill of migrant workers. As for character development, Labor Training Center offered some trainings, such as motivation, ethics, self-defense, work ethos, and personality. These are very needed to ensure migrant workers’ mental preparedness.
The findings of the research showed that the knowledge of the migrant workers increased after they took part in the programs conducted by Labor Training Center. They knew that they needed to have legal contract when they worked overseas so that they could work safely, securely and appropriately. They would not be kicked out form a certain country any more. In terms of skill, the migrant worker could increase their social and technology skill to equip them to work overseas, whereas in terms of character building, the migrant workers could have positive mind and strong confidence to work overseas.
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Slamet, Mulyana, El Karimah Kismiyati, and Octavianti Meria. "The Reposition of Women’s Role in Migrant Worker’s Families in Karawang." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311008.
Full textAbstract:
Being a migrant worker is an alternative choice for many Karawang people to get out of the economic hardship. The decision of many women to be a migrant worker indicates the reposition of their role from reproduction to production. However, this creates internal problems, as well as deeply affects their domestic functions and roles, in their families. This research aimed to describe the reposition of women’s role in migrant workers’ families related to their decision to work abroad. Case study was the method used to provide a complete and in-depth view on the subject under study. The subject was multi-sources with ten key informants of female migrant workers from Tempuran District in Karawang Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and library study. The result shows that the reposition of female migrant workers’ role in Karawang is from domestic sphere (as housewives) to public sphere (as breadwinner). It occurs because of family economic pressure, which eventually resolved by working abroad. Although it has a positive impact on the fulfillment of family economic needs, it has a negative impact on psychological and social aspects of abandoned husbands and children.