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1
Lindgren, Cortés Katarina. "The Obedient EPZ-Worker : A case study concerning female EPZ workers' barriers to empowerment in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24229.
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This study analyzes and maps barriers preventing Sri Lankan female workers in Export Processing Zones (EPZs) from participating in awareness raising activities by NGOs. These barriers can furthermore be discussed as preventing them from an enhanced empowerment. The gathered data is mostly based on interviews conducted during a three-week long fieldtrip in Sri Lanka. By using both a literature analysis on the field of research together with group interviews with both female EPZ workers as well as with personnel from a women’s organization in Sri Lanka the study identifies five barriers hindering the women’s participation; time and distance; lack of motivation or interest; limited knowledge of the organization; someone opposing the choice; and fear of loosing the employment. The study derives the root-causes of the barriers to the current social norms and roles, which are internalized in the young women’s mind from their background as well as through the reproduction of them in their new environment, but also to EPZs as discouraging an improvement of the women’s situation.
2
BUCHANAN, THOMAS WALKER. "THE PARADOX OF THE CONTENTED FEMALE WORKER IN A HUMAN SERVICES ORGANIZATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029433832.
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Rydzik, Agnieszka. "(In)visible lives : a visual and participatory exploration of the female migrant tourism worker experience." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2014. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/14953/.
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Following the 2004 EU accession of the eight Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, the landscape of UK tourism workplaces transformed. Large numbers of predominantly young, female and educated migrants entered the industry through mostly entry level roles. Despite their significant contribution to the industry, the experiences of female migrant tourism workers remain under-researched. This study explores the experiences of CEE migrant women employed in low wage tourism positions. It examines how gender, age and ethno-nationality intersect and how media discourses of Eastern European migration together with stigmatizing low status tourism work impact on female migrants’ employment experiences and career opportunities. Additionally, it gives insight into the intersecting motivations for CEE women to migrate and enter tourism, with tourism workplaces both facilitating and restricting their occupational mobility. The exploration of participants’ employment experiences reveals tourism workplaces as hostile environments for migrant women, with complex power relations and limitations to career progression for those highly educated. Nonetheless, despite working in exploitative environments, CEE migrant women emerge not only as passive victims but also as active agents confronting inequalities and asserting their rights. Underpinned by feminist participatory action research, hopeful tourism and the theory of intersectionality, the study adopts a visual and participatory methodology. It employs a range of qualitative research methods, both conventional and innovative. Through its empowering and transformative approach, the study actively engages participants in the research process, gives in-depth insight into their multifaceted experiences, as well as fostering co-learning and reaching wider audiences via a public engagement community event. In this way, the research gives voice and visibility to this often disempowered minority group as well as advancing research theory and practice. The study demonstrates how the application of visual methods allows for participants to create representations of their experiences and unveil the multilayered nature of their realities.
4
Chung, Wai-hong, and 鍾偉航. "The white-blouse worker and industrial order: a study of female clerical workforce in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220745.
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Chung, Wai-hong. "The white-blouse worker and industrial order : a study of female clerical workforce in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20716850.
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Hogan, Pashia H. "A study of the perceptions of female displaced workers in a community college regarding their educational expectations and barriers to their achievement." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0620103-161214/unrestricted/HoganP070203a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0620103-161214. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Chhay, Chhunly. "Migration-decision making and social status: Cambodian female migrant workersin Malaysia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564689869848654.
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Samarakoon, Mudiyanselage Gayani Piyankara Kumari Samarakoon. "Female shop floor worker voice in the corporate social responsibility agenda of the Sri Lankan apparel industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236612/1/Samarakoon_Mudiyanselage_Thesis.pdf.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are used to respond to and deflect criticism regarding unfair labour standards in Global South production sites. This study, focusing on Sri Lankan apparel industry, reveals that Global South apparel suppliers deploy CSR initiatives as a political strategy to diffuse female workers’ consciousness of their exploitation, and as a lived shopfloor practice to co-opt workers in managerial agendas. Adopting theories of intersectionality, hegemony, and labour process, and deploying an interpretive, qualitative methodology, this thesis exposes the implicit and explicit exclusion and suppression of female worker voice in the CSR agenda of global production sites.
9
Butterfield, Natalie. "Female Labor Force Participation in Argentina, 1980-2003: Gendered Trends and Responses to Crisis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/63.
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How do the experiences of women in the labor market differ from the experiences of men? Do economic crises affect their labor market decisions differently? Economists have investigated the responses of women to specific moments of crisis in Argentina – the country lends itself well to this analysis, as the last three decades of its history have seen both economic growth and financial collapse. With the crisis literature in mind, I investigate trends in female labor force participation rates in Argentina between 1980-2003, finding that while some evidence supports the “added worker effect” hypothesis, more research must be done to understand the relationships between female labor force participation and male and female unemployment.
10
O'Loughlin, Mary. "How healthy are hairdressers? An investigation of health problems of female, Western Australian hairdressers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/142.
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Aim: Hairdressing is a common worldwide occupation which, in Australia, comprises largely of a female workforce. Hairdressers are exposed to a range of potential health hazards in their work environment. There is a lack of current research into common health problems experienced by Australian hairdressers. This study aims to investigate health issues experienced by this occupational group, to identify potential health problems that may be associated with their work and to identify concerns for future research. Methods: A review of current literature examining the health of hairdressers was conducted to ascertain areas of health concern for hairdressers. This information was used to inform a survey to investigate the prevalence of common health problems for female, Western Australian hairdressers. The survey included a range of workplace related questions, as well as questions on common health problems sourced directly from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). The survey was distributed to all hairdressing salons in Western Australia. The data obtained from the hairdresser group was compared to data obtained from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health data books. Additionally, some comparisons were also made to other published Australian data on women’s health. Results: Overall, working as a hairdresser impacts negatively on an individual’s health. In particular, this study found that younger hairdressers were most at risk of increased respiratory illness, musculoskeletal problems, skin conditions, bowel issues, and general poor health. Other specific areas of health concern for hairdressers include an increased use of fertility hormones and a possible increase in pelvic organ prolapse. While younger hairdressers reported a higher prevalence of common health problems than the general population cohort, mid age and older hairdressers were overall as healthy as the general population. This result may be attributable to the ‘healthy worker effect’, in which poorer health individuals, prompted by health concerns, retire from the occupation. Conclusions: Education concerning the existing risks in the workplace environment is recommended for all hairdressers. Encouragement and support for better personal health management would promote general health and well being across the industry. Younger workers are particularly identified as requiring support to manage their own health. Further health research is indicated for a range of concerns, but this research needs to be occupation specific.
11
Saiyed, Faiez K., Eddy R. Segura, Diane Tan, Jesse L. Clark, Jordan E. Lake, and Ian W. Holloway. "Social networks and condomless intercourse with female partners among male sex workers in the Dominican Republic." SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655587.
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Male sex workers (MSW) in the Dominican Republic (DR) have multiple sexual partners, including personal and client-relationships, and are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined the prevalence of condomless anal and/or vaginal intercourse (CI) among MSW in the DR as a function of social network factors. Self-report surveys and social network interviews were administered to MSW recruited through venue-based sampling (N = 220). A generalized linear model was used to complete a Poisson Regression model and identify variables significantly associated with the outcome of interest. CI was more common with female (28.3%) than with male partners (4.9%). Factors associated with CI with the last female partner included older age of MSW, CI with the last male partner, having a stable female partner (a consistent or main partner), and having ≥1 family member in the participants’ social network. Partner and social network characteristics associated with CI among MSW suggest the utility of dyadic and network interventions to reduce HIV risk.National Institute of Mental Health
Revisión por pares
12
Seib, Charrlotte. "Health, well-being and sexual violence among female sex workers : a comparative study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16398/1/Charlotte_Seib_Thesis.pdf.
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Background
- Prostitution has been documented in most societies, although the context in which it occurs may vary greatly. In Queensland, Australia, sex workers can operate from legal brothels or privately but all other sectors of the sex industry are prohibited. It is assumed that regulation of the sex industry through legalization leads to better health and social outcomes for sex workers and their clients. However, this assumption has rarely been subjected to empirical scrutiny.
Aims
- This research examined the occupational health and safety of female sex workers in Queensland and explored the relationship between legislative change, workplace violence, mental health and job satisfaction. Sex workers interviewed in 2003 (after legalisation) were compared to a prior study of this population conducted in 1991 (before official regulation of the sex industry). Further, in-depth analysis of the 2003 cohort compared sex workers employed in legal and illegal sectors, to assess violence, health status and job satisfaction.
Methods
- Cross-sectional, convenience sampling was used to collect data from female sex workers in 2003. This data was compared with data collected earlier (in 1991) and explored differences in the two samples using bivariate analysis. Similar recruitment strategies on both occasions were used to recruit women from all known sectors of the Queensland sex industry. The 1991 comparison sample (Boyle et al. 1997) included 200 women (aged between 16 and 46 years), and in 2003, 247 women (aged 18 to 57) participated. The 2003 sample included workers from legal brothels (n=102), private sole-operators (n=103) and illegal street-based sex workers (n=42). Using data collected in 2003, this study assessed the relationship between physical and mental health and job satisfaction and two main independent variables, i.e., current work sector and recent workplace violence. Bivariate analysis of physical health and independent variables showed no significant relationships and therefore further analysis was not undertaken. However, analysis of mental health and job satisfaction showed complex interactions between multiple variables and therefore linear modeling was performed to adjust for confounding.
Results
- Analysis of the 1991 and 2003 samples showed little apparent change over time in self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There were substantial changes over time in the types of sexual services being provided to clients, with the 2003 sample more likely to provide 'exotic' services. Violence experienced ever in their lifetime differed; in 1991, 29% reported having ever been raped compared with 42% in 2003 (p= <0.01). In 2003, 50% of illegal sex workers reported having ever been raped by a client compared with 12% of private sex workers and 3% of brothel-based sex workers (p=<0.01). Overall, the sex workers reported roughly equivalent job satisfaction to Australian women. A desire to leave the sex industry was most strongly correlated with reduced job satisfaction (p=<0.01). Satisfaction was also relatively low among those whose family was not aware of their sex work (p=<0.01). Similarly, the mental and physical health of this sample was comparable to age-matched women from the general population. Wanting to leave the sex industry was most strongly associated with poor mental health (p=<0.01), as was recent sexual or physical assault by a client (p=0.06) and the woman's main work sector (p=0.05). Illegal sex workers reported substantially lower mental health scores than their counterparts in legal sex work.
Conclusions
- Self-reported STI diagnosis was high in these samples but the prevalence appears not to have changed over time. Comparing 2003 to 1991, there were trends towards safer and more diverse sexual practices. It is likely the sex industry has 'professionalized' and now includes more sex workers providing specialist, 'exotic' services. This sample of female sex workers reported high rates of violence, with those working illegally at greatest risk. Analysis suggests a complex interaction between variables contributing to mental health and job satisfaction. In general, it appears that the majority of sex workers enjoyed at least as much job satisfaction as women working in other occupations. It also appears that this sample had equivalent mental health to women from the general population, although the sub-group of illegal workers generally had poorer health. Job satisfaction and the extent of workplace hazards (especially risk of violence) were also strongly associated with different sectors of the sex industry. It is probable that legalisation has benefited some (perhaps most) but there are health and safety concerns for those outside the legal framework. Legislative reform should focus on violence prevention, promoting reporting of violent events to police, and further exploration of the impact of legislation on the health of workers in the sex industry.
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Seib, Charrlotte. "Health, well-being and sexual violence among female sex workers : a comparative study." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16398/.
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Background: Prostitution has been documented in most societies, although the context in which it occurs may vary greatly. In Queensland, Australia, sex workers can operate from legal brothels or privately but all other sectors of the sex industry are prohibited. It is assumed that regulation of the sex industry through legalization leads to better health and social outcomes for sex workers and their clients. However, this assumption has rarely been subjected to empirical scrutiny. Aims: This research examined the occupational health and safety of female sex workers in Queensland and explored the relationship between legislative change, workplace violence, mental health and job satisfaction. Sex workers interviewed in 2003 (after legalisation) were compared to a prior study of this population conducted in 1991 (before official regulation of the sex industry). Further, in-depth analysis of the 2003 cohort compared sex workers employed in legal and illegal sectors, to assess violence, health status and job satisfaction. Methods: Cross-sectional, convenience sampling was used to collect data from female sex workers in 2003. This data was compared with data collected earlier (in 1991) and explored differences in the two samples using bivariate analysis. Similar recruitment strategies on both occasions were used to recruit women from all known sectors of the Queensland sex industry. The 1991 comparison sample (Boyle et al. 1997) included 200 women (aged between 16 and 46 years), and in 2003, 247 women (aged 18 to 57) participated. The 2003 sample included workers from legal brothels (n=102), private sole-operators (n=103) and illegal street-based sex workers (n=42). Using data collected in 2003, this study assessed the relationship between physical and mental health and job satisfaction and two main independent variables, i.e., current work sector and recent workplace violence. Bivariate analysis of physical health and independent variables showed no significant relationships and therefore further analysis was not undertaken. However, analysis of mental health and job satisfaction showed complex interactions between multiple variables and therefore linear modeling was performed to adjust for confounding. Results: Analysis of the 1991 and 2003 samples showed little apparent change over time in self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There were substantial changes over time in the types of sexual services being provided to clients, with the 2003 sample more likely to provide 'exotic' services. Violence experienced ever in their lifetime differed; in 1991, 29% reported having ever been raped compared with 42% in 2003 (p= <0.01). In 2003, 50% of illegal sex workers reported having ever been raped by a client compared with 12% of private sex workers and 3% of brothel-based sex workers (p=<0.01). Overall, the sex workers reported roughly equivalent job satisfaction to Australian women. A desire to leave the sex industry was most strongly correlated with reduced job satisfaction (p=<0.01). Satisfaction was also relatively low among those whose family was not aware of their sex work (p=<0.01). Similarly, the mental and physical health of this sample was comparable to age-matched women from the general population. Wanting to leave the sex industry was most strongly associated with poor mental health (p=<0.01), as was recent sexual or physical assault by a client (p=0.06) and the woman's main work sector (p=0.05). Illegal sex workers reported substantially lower mental health scores than their counterparts in legal sex work. Conclusions: Self-reported STI diagnosis was high in these samples but the prevalence appears not to have changed over time. Comparing 2003 to 1991, there were trends towards safer and more diverse sexual practices. It is likely the sex industry has 'professionalized' and now includes more sex workers providing specialist, 'exotic' services. This sample of female sex workers reported high rates of violence, with those working illegally at greatest risk. Analysis suggests a complex interaction between variables contributing to mental health and job satisfaction. In general, it appears that the majority of sex workers enjoyed at least as much job satisfaction as women working in other occupations. It also appears that this sample had equivalent mental health to women from the general population, although the sub-group of illegal workers generally had poorer health. Job satisfaction and the extent of workplace hazards (especially risk of violence) were also strongly associated with different sectors of the sex industry. It is probable that legalisation has benefited some (perhaps most) but there are health and safety concerns for those outside the legal framework. Legislative reform should focus on violence prevention, promoting reporting of violent events to police, and further exploration of the impact of legislation on the health of workers in the sex industry.
14
Augustsson, Johan, and Simon Gunnarsson. "Kön i minoritet : En jämförelse mellan manliga socialsekreterare och kvinnliga poliser." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45089.
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Traditionally and historically certain jobs have been recognized as male or female professions leading to the assumption that the barrier crossing men and women working in these gender atypical jobs are being less masculine and less feminine. The aim of this study is to examine similarities and differences among male social workers and female police officers in the experience of being a gender minority in their workplace and how it effects the construction of their gender identity. Working with a qualitative approach and using semi-constructed interviews the study was conducted by interviewing a total of five social workers and four female police officers, in six different communities, about their personal experiences of being a gender minority in a gender atypical job. The result shows both differences and similarities between the genders and their occupation; on a personal level neither of the respondents seemed to have a problem working in a gender atypical job although admitting that working in a “female” and “male” profession had effects on their personality but not on how they viewed themselves as men or women. On a group level the respondents experienced both differences and similarities; both genders talked about being stereotyped into taking on certain tasks but also about having advantages of being male or female in certain situations. Further on the female police officers talked about being pushed aside to give room for the male colleagues while the male social workers experienced the opposite; being more acknowledged. On a societal level respondents from both groups were talking about a shift in societies showcasing that the view on men and women and what is considered male and female have been or in a process of being disintegrated. The results were seen from a social constructionist viewing point and were interpreted and analyzed using following theories and theoretical concepts: Stereotype, gender, role theory, identity, gender identity and the theory about the mirrored self.
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GRITTI, ALICE. "Sequential MCA approach to aid worker's talk: the interactional negotiation of gender identity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/75392.
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This study contributes to the literature on international aid workers, which is still in its infancy. It highlights an area of research that has not hitherto been studied: aid workers’ gendered identities. It had several aims; the broader was to gain insight into the professional category of international aid workers; others were to understand whether the international aid sector is undergoing a process of feminisation, to study if/how the professional experiences of women and men aid workers might differ, and to analyse the professional benefits and/or disadvantages that could arise from one’s gender identity. Data were collected through an online survey (188 respondents) and interviews (69 participants). Participants included women and men of different ages, working for a range of aid organizations (private, government run, UN agencies, INGOs, NGOs) in both development and emergency contexts. Data were analysed with a sequential Membership Categorisation Analysis (Stokoe, 2012), and revealed how aid workers female identity was used by the participants to account for problematic situations as well as for positive ones. Gender resulted to be more relevant for female aid workers than for their male colleagues, and a gender disparity in the number of stressors was confirmed, in line with the literature (Curling & Simmons, 2010). Findings also testify to managers of aid organisations the need to invest more in offering a psychosocial preventative and proactive approach, with the goals of prevention, training, support and mentoring.
16
Mayer, Jennifer L. "From "Living Hell" to "New Normal": Illuminating Self-Identity, Stigma Negotiation, and Mutual Support among Female Former Sex Workers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6079/.
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Women in the sex industry struggle with emotional turmoil, drug and alcohol addiction, poverty, and spiritual disillusionment. Their lived experiences as stigmatized individuals engender feelings of powerlessness, which inhibits their attempts to leave the sex industry. This study illuminates how personal narratives develop throughout the process of shedding stigmatized identities and how mutual support functions as a tool in life transformation. Social identity theory and feminist standpoint theory are used as theoretical frameworks of this research, with each theory adding nuanced understanding to life transformations of female former sex workers. Results indicate that women in the sex industry share common narratives that reveal experiences of a "Living Hell", transitional language, and ultimate alignment with traditional norms. Implications of SIT and FST reveal the role of feminist organizations as possible patriarchal entities and adherence to stereotypical masculine ideology as an anchoring factor in continued sex work.
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Caran, Vânia Cláudia Spoti. "Contexto de vida e trabalho de mulheres cortadoras de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-06062012-155923/.
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A história de vida e trabalho das cortadoras de cana foi tema do presente estudo, tendo como sujeito as mulheres conveniadas ao sindicato de Guariba, interior de São Paulo na região de Ribeirão Preto. O objetivo geral foi evidenciar o contexto de vida e trabalho das mulheres cortadoras de cana-de-açúcar. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se o método da História Oral de Vida como recurso para a coleta de dados, que foi obtida em 2011. Constituíram-se sujeitos dez trabalhadoras; foram identificadas duas categorias que emergiram das suas falas: Contexto de Vida e Contexto do Trabalho na Vida. Na categoria Contexto de Vida emergiram as sub-categorias: Migração, Relacionamento Familiar, Sofrimento, Prazer, Estratégias Defensivas e Perspectivas Futuras. Na categoria Contexto do Trabalho na Vida emergiram as sub-categorias: Trabalho Infantil e do Adolescente; Gravidez e Trabalho, Ambiente de Trabalho e Alterações à Saúde, Relacionamentos no Trabalho, Desconhecimento e Aprendizagem no Trabalho, Sofrimento no trabalho e Prazer no Trabalho. A maior parte das trabalhadoras é parda, com ensino fundamental incompleto, casada, com dois e três filhos respectivamente. Suas condições de vida evidenciaram que a maioria procede da região sudeste do Brasil e que possui relacionamentos familiares agressivos e violentos. As condições de trabalho mostraram que a maioria trabalhou enquanto era criança e/ou adolescente; durante a gravidez cortava a cana-de-açúcar, com dificuldades, mesmo em avançado estado gestacional e em algumas situações, seus direitos de repouso não foram respeitados. Quanto ao ambiente de trabalho os principais problemas apresentados foram a presença de animais peçonhentos, o instrumento utilizado para cortar a cana que pode feri-las, a chuva, o calor, o transporte coletivo sujo com barro e o esforço físico demasiado. As principais alterações de saúde mencionadas foram cansaço, dores, câimbras, alterações de tendões e problemas de tontura. Os relacionamentos no trabalho eram considerados bons; ao iniciar o trabalho, a maioria aprendeu a cortar a cana-de-açúcar com seus parentes ou colegas de trabalho e procurou ensinar o ofício aos novos trabalhadores. O prazer descrito é poder ajudar os filhos, gostar do trabalho no corte da cana-de-açúcar e dos colegas. Quanto ao sofrimento foram descritos vários tipos (em relação aos filhos que eram deixados em casa, aos adoecimentos, ao próprio trabalho, ao abandono por maridos e a doação de filhos, a falta de dinheiro, a presença de animais peçonhentos e a morte de familiares); outra fonte de sofrimento foi a necessidade de acordar cedo para trabalhar e após o trabalho realizar as atividades relacionadas com a casa e o cuidado aos filhos. As estratégias defensivas mostraram que as trabalhadoras depositam sua confiança em Deus e encontram força na espiritualidade, inclusive na situação de perdas de familiares, mostrando que utilizam esta estratégia para conseguir suportar o sofrimento de suas vidas. A principal aspiração das cortadoras de cana-de-açúcar é ter uma casa própria onde possam estar com suas famílias e a segurança de um local seu para morar. As trabalhadoras mostraram ter uma vida complexa, diante de fatores sociais e ambientais, com características que levam a uma multidisciplinaridade contextual.The history of the lives and the work of female sugar cane cutters has been the theme of the present study, the subjects of this study were women associated with the Guariba syndicate, a country area of Sao Paulo within the region of Ribeirao Preto. The main objective of this study was to evidence the context of live and work of the female sugar cane cutters. The study had a qualitative approach; the methodology used was the Oral History of Life as resource to obtain data which was gathered in 2011. Ten female workers became subjects; two categories were identified in their speech: Life Context and Work Context in Life. Under the category of Life Context sub categories emerged in their speech: Migration, Family relations, Suffering, Pleasure, Defensive Strategies and Future prospective. Under the category of Work Context in Life, the following sub categories emerged: Child labour and Teenager labour; Pregnancy and work; Work Environment and Health changes; Suffering at work and pleasure at work. The majority of the workers is pardo (mulatto), their elementary education is incomplete, they are married and have two to three children respectively. Their life condition showed that the majority comes from the Southeastern region of Brazil and they possess aggressive and violent family relations. Work conditions showed that the majority worked as a child and/or during adolescence; during pregnancy even with difficulties in advanced gestational stage and in some descriptions their right to rest was not respected. Regarding the work environment the main issues presented were the presence of poisonous animals, the tool used to cut sugar cane that could wound them, rain, heat, dirty collective mean of transportation and the extreme physical strain. The main health changes mentioned were tiredness, pain, cramps, tendons alterations and dizziness. Work relations were considered to be good. When they started working, the majority learnt how to cut sugar cane with relatives or work colleagues and they taught the skill to new comers. The pleasure described is the possibility of helping their children, liking of the job and work colleagues. Regarding suffering many were described (leaving their children at home; illness; lack of money; presence of poisonous animals and family death); another type of suffering was the necessity to wake up early to work and after work to tend to housework chores and children care. The defensive strategies showed that the female workers put their trust in God and found their strength in their spirituality, family loss included, showing that they use this strategy to bear their life suffering. The main aspiration of the female sugar cane cutters is to have their own house where they could be with family members and have the safety of a place to live. The female workers demonstrated a complex life in the face of the social and environment factors with characteristics that lead to a contextual multi disciplinarity.
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Prazeres, Taísa Junqueira. "Na costura do sapato, o desmanche das operárias: um estudo das condições de trabalho e saúde das pespontadeiras da indústria de calçados de Franca (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-08072010-095933/.
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PRAZERES, T. J. Na costura do sapato, o desmanche das operárias: um estudo das condições de trabalho e saúde das pespontadeiras da Indústria de Calçados de Franca (SP). 2010. 196 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Comunidade, Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. O mundo do trabalho, nas últimas décadas, foi palco de grandes transformações organizacionais e tecnológicas que modificaram os processos e as relações de trabalho, resultando no aumento dos contratos precários e temporários e na intensificação da jornada de trabalho, aliada à depreciação salarial e à exploração do trabalho em domicílio. Nesse contexto, observa-se um significativo aumento de adoecimentos relacionados ao trabalho e suas precárias condições, que atingem principalmente a classe trabalhadora feminina, devido às características e qualidade do trabalho a ela destinado. A escolha do trabalho na indústria calçadista francana como objeto de estudo deveu-se ao fato de nesta atividade se observar facilmente o resultado dessas mudanças, em especial na seção de costura mecânica (pesponto), onde há maior emprego de mulheres. Tendo como pano de fundo este contexto de mudanças, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o trabalho de mulheres que realizam tarefas de pesponto de calçados em unidades produtivas de diferentes portes, no município de Franca e tentar estabelecer relações entre as condições de trabalho e os problemas de saúde por elas relatados. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, teve como principal técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas com trabalhadoras, o que permitiu reconstituir o processo de trabalho e relacionar as condições de trabalho com os problemas de saúde relatados. A análise dos dados da pesquisa denunciou um efeito nefasto do trabalho das pespontadeiras em sua saúde, caracterizado por sofrimentos de ordem física, como fortes dores no corpo, lesões por esforços repetitivos e outros sofrimentos decorrentes das más condições de seus trabalhos, e também de ordem psíquica, como estresse, tristeza, irritação, ansiedade, além de sentimentos de insatisfação e desvalorização no trabalho, sendo que tais sofrimentos, somados às demais consequências de seus trabalhos esvaziam o sentido da vida em todas as esferas do cotidiano, possibilitando a compreensão do preço pago por essas trabalhadoras na busca de sobrevivência. Essa realidade mostrou-se ainda mais agravante quando a atividade laboral é realizada fora do espaço fabril, pela precarização das condições desta, passando esse sofrimento, a coexistir com outros problemas invisíveis do ponto de vista epidemiológico, mas maléfico à vida e à saúde dessas mulheres que vivem nesta situação.PRAZERES, T. J. In the shoe sewing, the female workers unmake: a reseach of the work conditions and health of the female sewing workers in the footwear industry of Franca (SP). 2010. 196 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de são Paulo, 2010. Nowadays it is deeply lived a period of organizational and technological transformations that modifies the processes and the work relations wich is possible to notice the increase of precarious and temporary work contracts and the intensification of the workdays, all of them allied with salary depreciation and household labor exploration. In this context it is observed a significant increase of illness related to work and its precarious conditions that mainly reach female work class because of its directed characteristics and job quality. The choice of the research about the work in the footwear industry in the city of Franca is explained by the fact that in this activity it can be easily viewed the results of these transformations, especially in the mechanic sewing sector, where female work is largely employed. Using these transformations contexts as primordial basis, the purpose of the research was to investigate the labor of women that work in mechanic sewing sector of different scales of productions units in the city of Franca by the connection of the work with health problems mentioned by female workers. The qualitative research had as main technique of data collection the interview. 30 of them were applied to female workers allowing to reconstitute the process of labor as much as relating the work conditions with health problems mentioned during the interview. The data analysis of the investigation exhibited a disastrous effect in the health of sewing female workers. These effects can be represented by physical order suffering as strong body aches, repetitive strain injury and other agonies generated by labor bad conditions as much as psychosocial aspects as stress, sadness, anger, anxiety and work dissatisfaction and depreciation feelings. All these symptoms added with other job consequences turn female sewing workers life meaningless allowing the comprehension of the price paid by these workers when hunting for survival. This reality become worse when the labor activity is done out of the manufacture space because of its precariousness conditions, creating a coexistence among suffering and other invisible problems by a epidemiological point of view that still are prejudicial to the life and health of these women that live in this situation.
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Andreescu, Florentina Carmen. "Transition, Nation, State, and Structure of Fantasy." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/413.
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This research aims to make evident the importance of films serving as a relevant arena for political struggles within a society, struggles that concern highly important concepts such as the nation and the state. This goal is accomplished by building upon the theory of cinematic nationhood and using the method of relational constructivism combined with insight from Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. The research regards films as forms of communication as well as forms of fantasy. The case this research focuses on is Romania. The case was selected because for a certain period of time the myths of nation and state had been strongly embedded-or nested-- within the social contexts-or commonplaces--specific to Marxism, namely work, equality, and the bourgeois enemy, followed by a swift and radical social discourse change that triggered changes within the topography of commonplaces. The films analyzed represent these changes in order to understand the specific ways in which the myth of nation and state are reflected within films produced during radical economic, social, and political transformations. This research reveals that, despite the social, economic, and political upheavals from the pre- to post-transition eras, the underlying national structure of fantasy remained remarkably unchanged, while the nation and the state changed their social relevance with changes in their position occupied within the structure of fantasy.
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Challis, Lynda Ann. "Women office workers in contrasting suburban centres." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30423.
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Suburban employment centres have increasingly become major workplaces for suburban women without consideration of the specific requirements of these workers. This thesis examines the ability of suburban employment centres to respond to the particular needs of women employees by analyzing the relationship between the Greater Vancouver Regional District's (GVRD) objectives for suburban centres and the needs of women office workers.
This thesis includes case studies of female workers at suburban firms located in Burnaby and Richmond, British Columbia. The research points to the specific considerations that can contribute to providing women with employment opportunities in a quality working environment.
The thesis stresses the necessity for including a gender perspective in urban research, such as the suburbanization of offices and employment.
Background information on the GVRD's Livable Region Program and Regional Town Centres strategy is provided, including a description of their objectives, successes and weaknesses, particularly as they pertain to suburban office workers. The growth of suburban offices and employment, and specifically, the development and characteristics of the Burnaby and Richmond town centres are also presented.
The empirical research involved interviews of women working in suburban offices in Burnaby and Richmond to establish their actions, perceptions and expectations regarding their office location. The interview responses indicated that there is as much similarity and difference between the women working in Burnaby and Richmond, as there is between those working in town centre and non-town centre locations. Many of the women placed greater emphasis on the type of work than on the location of the office and its relationship to transit, services and amenities. Generally, most women only wanted basic amenities (banking, postal services and a convenience store) and a pleasant, relaxing environment.
The findings from the interviews are analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the GVRD's Livable Region Program and Regional Town Centres strategy. Recommendations are made for ensuring that the GVRD's objectives are more cognizant of the requirements of women office workers.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Peterson, Christine. "Psychological well-being and female clerical workers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26589.
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This study was conducted to discover the influence of marital and parental status on the psychological well-being of women working in clerical and secretarial occupations. The research is based on Warr and Parry's (1982a) conceptual framework which suggests that occupational involvement (i. e. desire to work), the quality of the nonoccupational environment and the quality of the employment relationship are the three most important clusters of variables influencing the psychological well-being of working women.
Subjects selected for the study were female clerical and secretarial employees of the University of British Columbia. Each participant completed a short questionnaire containing two sections: the first pertained to the recruitment of demographic and personal background information; the second consisted of instruments designed to isolate and measure the above-named dependent variables identified by Warr and Parry (1982a).
The study found that all women, irrespective of life cycle stages, were highly committed to the concept of paid employment. Related to this was the finding that while economic considerations are important motivators, women's desire to work for personal needs is strong and exists irrespective of factors related to economic gains.
The study also found that, as expected, marital and parental status are important determinants of the psychological well-being of working women. While nearly all women were highly committed to the concept of paid employment, married working women revealed the highest psychological well-being, and also were the group most satisfied with family and social life. By contrast, as expected, previously married women showed the lowest psychological well-being, and were significantly less satisfied with family and social life. Furthermore, the issue of multiple roles as a detriment to psychological well-being does not appear to hold true for this study.
In conclusion, the study found that marriage and family continue to be, as they have been historically, factors of central importance in the psychological well-being of women, while the commitment to paid employment is at the same time stronger than ever before.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Prescott, Julie. "Model of career influences : female game workers." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540070.
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McClenaghan, Sharon Olivia. "Factory work, gender relations and political identity in the 1990s : Villa Altagracia, the Dominican Republic." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481249.
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Sanders, Teela. "A risky business : how sex workers manage their clients, community and conscience." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270471.
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Silva, Maciel Henrique Carneiro da Silva. "Domésticas criadas entre textos e práticas sociais: Recife e Salvador (1870-1910)." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13360.
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CAPES
Esta pesquisa investiga as trabalhadoras domésticas de Recife e Salvador, suas experiências, suas lutas, sua formação enquanto classe, a precariedade de suas vidas, na conjuntura emancipacionista dos anos finais do século XIX e iniciais do século XX. Através da literatura de ficção, de processos criminais e cíveis, de anúncios de jornais, de documentação oficial, busco reconstituir as experiências de vida de domésticas negras, mestiças e brancas, escravas, livres e libertas. Argumento que essas domésticas agenciaram suas vidas em contextos de precariedade, mas que lograram produzir experiências de uma identidade de classe em formação. Elas não apenas estavam se formando enquanto classe unicamente a partir de suas próprias experiências. Os textos literários produzidos por escritores e memorialistas baianos e pernambucanos buscaram increvê-las em lugares sociais e raciais subalternos, adstritos aos valores paternalistas e escravistas ainda resistentes ao avanço de regras formais de relações de trabalho. Mas apesar da riqueza das fontes literárias na produção e disseminação de valores de submissão e do lugar subalterno do trabalho doméstico, defendo que o conjunto de experiências sociais das mulheres que a ele nos anos pré e pós-emancipação põem em suspeição imagens idílicas que associam serviço doméstico a servilismo, à harmonia entre patrões e empregadas. Por fim, e apesar do foco na formação de classe, reconstitui experiências mais amplas de conflitos populares cotidianos nos quais as domésticas tiveram participação, por acreditar que não é só na relação de trabalho que uma classe se forma. This research investigates female domestic workers in Recife and Salvador, their experiences, their struggles, their formation as a class and the precariousness of their lives, in the emancipation conjuncture of the final years of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Through literature, fiction, criminal and civil lawsuits, newspaper advertisements and official documentation, I try to reconstitute the life experiences of black, half-breed and white domestics, slaves, free and manumitted. I argue that those domestics managed their lives in contexts of precariousness, but somehow succeeded to produce experiences of a class identity in formation. They not only were forming themselves as a class just from their own experiences. Literary texts produced by writers and memoirists from Bahia and Pernambuco tried to put them in social and racial subordinate places, attached to paternalistic and proslavery values still resistant to the advancement of formal rules of labor relations. But despite the wealth of literary sources in the production and dissemination of submission values and the subordinate place of the domestic work, I endorse that the set of social experiences of women who engaged in domestic work in the coming years pre and postemancipation put on suspicion idyllic images which associate domestic service to servilism, to harmony between employers and employees. Finally, despite the focus on class formation, I reconstituted wider experiences of popular daily conflicts in which the female domestic workers had participation, believing that not only in the working relationship a class is formed.
Salvador
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Elliott, Nalishebo Kay Gaskell. "The health and wellbeing of female street sex workers." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19510.
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Previous research on female street sex workers (FSSWs) has primarily concentrated on the stigmatisation of women's involvement in the sex industry particularly with reference to the spread of HIV/AIDS. The response of the criminal justice system to the regulation of the illegal aspects of women's engagement in street sex work has also been criticised. However, the impact of street sex work on the health and wellbeing of these women requires further research. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and needs of female street sex workers in relation to their own health and wellbeing. The study used a qualitative mixed methods approach that included analysis of three sets of data: visual data, secondary data and primary data. There were 10 FSSWs recruited for the primary data sample. The epistemological position underpinning this study is social constructivism and a feminist paradigm has informed the conduct of the research process and data analysis. The theoretical application of Bourdieu's framework of habitus, capital and field has provided the lens through which to explore the socially constructed experiences of FSSWs health and wellbeing. Findings from this study revealed that FSSWs experienced poor physical, mental and social health and wellbeing. They faced limited life choices and often felt discriminated against by the agencies and institutions that should have offered support. The women spoke of their personal histories especially traumatic life events in childhood consisting of sexual abuse, neglect, loss, rejection as well as intimate partner violence in adult life. The loss of their children to social services, housing difficulties and addiction to alcohol and crack cocaine were also significant in contributing to social exclusion and their multiple positions of vulnerability. This study contributes to the body of work on women's health and wellbeing. In particular, it adds to our understanding of the lived experiences of women involved in street sex work. A key public health priority should be the development of policies and systems to provide quality services to support the health, safety and wellbeing of FSSWs.
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Darbha, Subrahmanyam. "Reproductive Health Trends In Female Sex Workers In Madagascar." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1309360596.
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Brader, Christopher. "Timbertown girls : Gretna female munitions workers in World War I." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36426/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between age, class and gender among female munitions workers at the government explosives factory at Gretna in south-west Scotland during World War I. The Ministry of Munitions not only organised the construction of a factory nine miles in length, but also built two new townships to house a migrant workforce, which was drawn from all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Teenage girls comprised a considerable proportion of this workforce. Significantly, welfare provision at Gretna, both inside and outside the factory, was far more extensive than at many other munitions establishments. This thesis focuses on the relationship between welfare supervisors, women police, social reformers and the female workers. While some middle and upper-class women attempted to claim new areas of social space during World War I, by embracing industrial welfare work or police work, their authority was often defined by their relationship with young, working-class females. Class was important in this relationship. However, welfare workers, for example, not only claimed authority because of their superior social standing, but also because they were often significantly older than much of the female workforce. The thesis concludes that the youthfulness of Gretna munitions workers was a significant component of their wartime identities and experience.
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Woode, Owusu Melvina. "Male Clients of Female Sex Workers : An Exploratory Epidemiological Study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532212.
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Walters, Sally. "Female part-time workers : attitudes to work and trade unions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366301.
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Coulson, Justine Anna. "Embodying development : a study of female flower workers in Ecuador." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313375.
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Buri, Elena <1996>. "Post-colonial double jeopardy: female workers in Export Processing Zones." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19712.
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Il presente elaborato si pone l’obiettivo di evidenziare alcune dinamiche intrinsecamente di genere che la diffusione del modello di sviluppo neoliberale su scala globale presenta. Tale tema verrà sviluppato tramite una problematizzazione del fenomeno della femminilizzazione della forza lavoro entro le Export Processing Zones (EPZs), ossia una tipologia particolare di distretto industriale le cui produzioni sono orientate al mercato globale. Sulla base dell'esplorazione delle condizioni di lavoro per le donne nelle EPZs, l’elaborato discute criticamente l'intersezione delle donne con l'economia globale; cercando inoltre di collocare il dibattito sull'emancipazione femminile con la dovuta attenzione alle categorie di geografia, sesso e classe. Il quadro teorico sulla base del quale esperienze femminili saranno interpretate è fornito dal femminismo marxista, dal femminismo post-coloniale e dal Capability Approach di Amartya Sen.
Sebbene una maggiore integrazione nell’economia formale dia l’impressione di emancipazione, questo non vale per tutte le donne e per tutti i tipi di impiego. L’elaborato porta ad osservare che le EPZs rappresentano un esempio di come i bisogni di accumulazione di capitale si sono intersecati a ideologie patriarcali presenti su più livelli, dal locale all’internazionale, creando opportunità e contesti per sfruttare le donne ed esacerbare la discriminazione di genere.
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Sundbrant, Malin, and Ann-Sofie Orefjäll. "Genusperspektiv på missbruk : En kritisk diskursanalys av socialsekreterares föreställningar om kvinnligt och manligt missbruk." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27428.
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Inom det vetenskapliga fältet för kvinnligt och manligt missbruk beskrivs ofta att kvinnan har andra och mer komplexa behov än mannen. Mannen och hans sociala situation, problematik och behov har generellt beskrivits som norm. Socialsekreterare grundar sina bedömningar och beslut på föreställningar om vad kvinnor och män har för specifika behov. Dessa föreställningar produceras och reproduceras genom rådande diskurser som verkar inom denna specifika sociala domän. Denna studie undersöker vilka centrala diskurser som kan identifieras i socialsekreterares föreställningar om kvinnligt och manligt missbruk, samt hur dessa verkar och reproduceras samt vad det kan få för implikationer för den sociala praktiken. Detta har undersökts genom en kritisk diskursanalys av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med missbrukshandläggare. I resultatet framkommer tre centrala diskurser: 1) kvinnans utsatthet och komplexa vårdbehov, 2) männen i skuggan, samt 3) individen i fokus. Dessa tre utgör vad som i uppsatsen benämns den vetenskapliga diskursen om kvinnligt och manligt missbruk. Trots att de till viss del är motsägelsefulla visar studien hur socialsekreterare formar sina uttalanden i linje med alla tre och på så vis rättfärdigar sitt sätt att agera och organisera arbetet. Diskursen om individen i fokus framträder dock som dominant i förhållande till de andra två och förefaller vara en diskurs som skapar goda socialsekreterare och främjar klienters autonomi. Genom diskursens status förpassas de andra två, med fokus på genus, till bakgrunden och samhällets rådande könsordning riskerar vidmakthållas. Slutligen förefaller diskursen om individen i fokus verka oproblematiserat både inom det vetenskapliga och praktiska fältet för socialt arbete med missbruk, vilket kan få konsekvensen att socialsekreterare oreflekterat och omedvetet placerar klienter i kategorier som verkar förtyckande.Within the scientific field of female and male substance abuse, women have often been described as if they have other and more complex needs than men. The man and his social situation, problems and needs are in general described as the norm. Social workers base their assessments and decisions on ideas of what specific needs men and women have. These ideas are produced and reproduced by the prevailing discourses that operate in this specific social domain. This study examines which central discourses that can be identified in the social workers notions about female and male abuse, further how these discourses operate and are reproduced and how that may implicate the social practise. This has been investigated through a critical discourse analysis of six semi-structured interviews with social workers active on the field of substance abuse. The results show three main discourses: 1) women’s vulnerability and complex care needs, 2) men in the shadow, and 3) the individual in focus. These three constitute what in this paper is called the scientific discourse on female and male abuse. Despite they are somewhat contradictory, the study shows how social workers form their statements in line with all three, thus justifying the way they act and organize their work. The discourse about the individual in focus emerges as dominate in relation to the other two and appears to be a discourse that creates good social workers and encourages clients' autonomy. Through this discourse status the other two, with a focus on gender, are relegated to the background and the prevailing gender order in society risks being maintained. Finally, it appears the discourse of the individual in focus seem un- problematized both in the scientific and practical field of social work with substance abuse, which may have the consequence that social workers unreflective and unknowingly puts clients into oppressive categories.
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Kharel, Arjun. "Female labor migration and the restructuring of migration discourse: a study of female workers from Chitwan, Nepal." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32662.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Laszlo Kulcsar
Nepali women are often barred from going abroad through discriminatory state policies, and the women engaging in foreign employment are generally perceived as "loose" women in Nepalese society. The female migrant workers are also represented as lacking "agency" and "victims" of sex trafficking in the Nepalese media. Despite the unfavorable socio-political contexts, a substantial number of Nepali women have engaged in transnational labor migration in the last two decades, often "illegally" by using the open Nepal-India border to reach the destination countries. The study investigates the impact of women's migration on the dominant discourse relating to female workers' sexuality and agency by analyzing the experiences of female workers from Chitwan, Nepal, who have returned after working as housemaids in the Persian Gulf. The study finds that the dominant discourse is both contested and reproduced during the emigration process and after the return of female workers. However, the dominant discourse is overall restructured in the emigrant communities due to women's participation in foreign employment and return with diverse experiences. As women's varied migration experiences are hardly reported in the national media, the discursive change in the local communities does not necessarily bring a (similar) change in the national discourse. While violence prevailed against female workers in the Gulf, most acts of violence were indirect and non-physical. The extreme forms of violence, such as physical and sexual abuses, which are usually reported in the media, were somewhat uncommon. The major complaints of the respondents were low wages, withholding and non-payment of wages, withholding of passport, extremely long hours of work, constant criticism, lack of adequate rest, and the feeling of confinement. The violence against the housemaids was largely facilitated by the sponsorship-based labor recruitment system in the Gulf that bound the migrant workers with their employers. At the micro level, the living arrangement (having to live with the employers) was also a contributing factor to violence against the female workers. The female workers who were employed in a household with multiple housemaids were less likely to experience violence than those who were the only maid in the employer's house.
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Hughes-Bond, Linda. "Going home: A study of unemployed female workers' perspectives on unemployment." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9072.
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In spite of the recent positive economic growth, millions of Canadians continue to experience the impact of unemployment. Although half of the jobless are female, women remain seriously neglected in the unemployment literature, with the few existing studies tending to be non North-American, to focus on blue-collar workers, to rely on quantitative approaches, and to result in contradictory findings. In this qualitative study, conducted from a constructivist, feminist perspective, semistructured, in-depth individual interviews and a focus-group interview were conducted with 12 unemployed women. In an atmosphere of safety and mutual respect, the women were considered the experts best able to articulate their job loss experiences. Findings largely confirm those of earlier studies of male and female unemployment, in that job loss tends to produce negative affective reactions such as shock, fear, anger and betrayal, often followed by feelings of self-blame, low self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression. Specifically, Jahoda's (1982) deprivation model of unemployment is supported by this study in that the destructive effects of job loss appear to be linked to the loss of essential categories of experience previously provided by the institution of employment. These include: income, routine, social contacts, meaningful activity, a sense of identity, and a sense of purpose. Findings also tend to negate long-held assumptions regarding the primacy of the domestic role in women's self-definitions. Moving beyond the deprivation model, the findings of this study suggest that a relational model of unemployment might better illuminate our understanding of women's job loss experiences, in that it acknowledges the centrality of relationship in female, if not human, psychological development (Gilligan, 1996). Women's unemployment, according to this proposed model, is experienced as varying degrees of disconnection, or loss of relationship, along the dimensions outlined by Jahoda's model. The relational model also informs our understanding of other important and related issues, such as the failure of the alternative role of homemaker to ameliorate the destructive impact of unemployment, and the difficulties which many women, if not all individuals, experience during the re-employment process. Implications of a relational model for unemployment theory, for workplace policies, and for the implementation of support services and re-training programs are discussed.
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Kim, Janice Chung Heejae. "Gender, labor and political consciousness: female factory workers in colonial Korea." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249719.
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Leaney, Zelda. "Health care for female sex workers : need, risk, access & provision." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428357.
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Sex workers are not only acted upon by medical, moral and legal discourses due to the risk they present to their own health but also due to the perceived risk they pose to the health of others. The diverse settings and different ways in which sex can be sold, combined with previous life experiences contribute to the wide variation in need and risk. This thesis investigates the differential understandings of need, risk, access to and provision of health care between sex workers and health care service providers. Simultaneously it offers an explanation for the continuation of need when health care provision exists. Four discursive themes directed the research: need, risk, access and provision. Data was obtained from semi-structured interviews with street and non-street sex workers and service providers. Discourse analysis was performed to ascertain the conditions, rules and authority under which statements in relation to the discursive themes are constructed. Thematic indexing enabled the analysis of the discursive themes within the empirical data, considering the inter-relationship with discursive constructs (i.e. stigma, safety, pollution, rights and power) identified within previous moral, medical and legal discourse. Sex workers and service providers identified need and risk as problematic drug use, damaged mental health, STIs and violence, but categorise and prioritise differently. Complex constructions were identified, suggesting underlying influences that direct them. Contradictions and tensions exist within the differential construction of the discursive themes, made more problematic by the chaotic lifestyle of many sex workers. The differential understandings must be recognised or the sex worker will continue to be 'maintained' within the complex and interlinked relationships of prostitution, damaged mental health and problematic drug use, the latter two made worse by prostitution but not solely a result of prostituting.
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Yusuf, Abass Babatunde. "Adherence to ART among HIV Infected Female Sex Workers in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7524.
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A lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the risk of onward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and mortality. The purpose of this cross-sectional study based on Andersen's conceptual framework was to test the associations between age, marital status, job/occupational status, education, membership in a peer support group, community, and facility ARV drug refill and alcohol and substance use, and adherence to ART among female sex workers (FSWs) who are 15 years and older in Rivers and Cross Rivers states Nigeria. Data were abstracted from existing program data collected between January 2015 and December 2017 by Heartland Alliance International, Nigeria. Results from chi-square statistics showed that age, job/employment, and marital status were not associated with adherence to ART. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that respondents with senior secondary education were 1.385 times more likely to adhere to ART than other education levels (OR = 1.385, 95% CI = 1.203, 1.593). Respondents who had ARV refill in the facility were 1.737 times more likely to adhere to ART than respondents who had community ARV refill (OR= 1.737, 95% CI: 1.297, 2.326). Also, respondents who were a member of a support group were 6.430 times more likely to adhere to ART compared to those not in a support group (OR= 6.430, 95% CI: 4.682, 8.831). Lastly, respondents who did not abuse alcohol or substance were 1.820 times likely to adhere to ART compared to those who did (OR= 1.820, 95%: CI: 1.356, 2.444). All-inclusive key population policies could aid in lessening the barriers the FSWs face in receiving comprehensive health services as well as endorsing interventions such as alcohol and drug rehabilitation, counseling, and incentives to join peer support groups that could benefit FSWs, their clients, and families.
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Supawadee, Petrat Pimpawun Boonmongkon. "Human rights education as a tool for empowerment of female sex workers : a case study of one non-formal education program for female sex workers in Thailand /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd398/4537358.pdf.
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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Integrating the Female into Medicine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7001.
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Häggbring, Sanna. "Socialtjänstens roll i arbetet med brottsoffer : En studie ur socialsekreterares perspektiv." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42962.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer i Sverige enligt 5 kapitlet 11 § i socialtjänstlagen. I studien undersöktes hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer samt hur de bedömer och prioriterar offrens behov. Det har också varit centralt att studera hur socialsekreterare tolkar och förstår regleringen av socialtjänstens ansvar för brottsoffer. Kvalitativa intervjuer med 18 socialarbetare är grunden för studien. Analysen av socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer baseras på ovan nämnda intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av rättssociologiska teorier. För att illustrera hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer har teorier om brottsoffer använts i analysen. Studien visar att ett brottsoffer måste vara oskyldig, svag och lida av brottet för att personen skall definieras som brottsoffer av socialsekreterarna. Socialsekreterarna har dock olika prioriteringar. Vissa socialsekreterare baserar sin bedömning efter varje enskilt fall, medan andra socialsekreterare anser att det är specifika målgrupper som ska få hjälp av socialtjänsten. Undersökningen visar också att de brottsoffergrupper som främst får hjälp inom socialtjänsten kvinnor och barn som fallit offer för våld i nära relationer. Stöd till brottsoffer som ges genom socialtjänstens arbete är ofta i syfte för att anpassa de kvinnor och barn som utsätts för våld, såsom kvinnojourer, rådgivning och ekonomiskt stöd.
The purpose of this essay is to explore the social services work with crime victims in Sweden, according to Chapter 5, § 11 of the Social Services Act. The study examined how social workers define the victim and assessing and prioritizing victims' needs. It has also been central to study how social workers interpret and understand the regulation of social services responsible for crime victims. Qualitative interviews with 18 social workers is the basis for the study. The analysis of the social services work with victims based in the above-mentioned interviews. The interviews analyzed using the sociology of law theory. To illustrate how social workers define victims of crime have theories of crime victims been used in the analysis.
The study shows that a crime victim must be innocent, weak and suffering from the crime to be defined as crime victims by social secretaries. Social workers do, however, different priorities. Some are based on an assessment of each individual victims need help, while others believe that the specific target groups will be using social services. The study also indicates that the groups which mainly receive help in the social services are victims of violence women and children. Assistance to victims in the social services designed to adapt the groups exposed to violence against women and children, such as women’s shelters, counseling and financial help.
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Rossi, Alessandro. "Workers, Mothers: Women! : The correlation between fertility and female employment in Italy." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77610.
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This study focuses on the difference between northern and southern Italy concering the correlation between total fertility rate (TFR) and female employment rate (FER) using pronvicial-level data. Theories demonstrate that the correlation can either be negative or positive, although it has been showed in the past decades that this correlation between nations is positive throughout the developed countries. This phenomenon has been descripted by van de Kaa (2002) and Lesthaeghe (2010) as the second demographic transition. With regards of Italy, previous studies focusing on the country’s 20 regions have also found a positive correlation (Rondinelli and Zizza 2010). Furthermore, the Italian context is explained with special regards towards the deep cultural and socio-economical differences between northern and southern Italy. The divide is confirmed by statistical data. Furthermore, a regression analysis controls the correlation between TFR and FER against relevant variables and finds surprisingly a positive correlation in the north and a negative correlation in the south, where a fertility postponement mechanism is present. Conservative gender roles and economic underdevelopment can be seen as the cause of this divide, although there are signs of change.
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Dehng, Yuh Jyuan, and 鄧玉娟. "The inquiry of female worker''s consciousness ─ three stories about low level white-collar female workers." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64626438121663568062.
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徐宇萱. "Antecedents of Work-family Conflict and Facilitation of Married Female Worker." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36063444509368988812.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
人類發展與家庭學系
102
The purposes of these works were primary to investigate the extent of work-family conflict and facilitation of married female worker in Taiwan dual-income family, and secondary to investigate whether these work-family conflict and facilitation were explained by work resources and family resources.A questionnaire, convenience sampling, and snowball sampling were employed to obtain responses from 648 married female worker of Taiwan dual-income families.The results indicated that: 1.The work-family conflict and facilitation of married female worker Participants experienced significantly in lower level of work-family conflict and higher level of work-family facilitation. In the Demographics variables, the elder married female workers were much likely to perceive lower level of work-family conflict and higher level of work-family facilitation. Working time was positively related to work to family conflict. Irregular shift were positively related to both work to family conflict and family to work conflict. 2.Married female worker ‘s work resources and family resources Participants experienced significantly in lower level of work resources and higher level of family resources. Among work resources, participants were experienced significantly in higher level of supervisor support than family supportive policies. Among family resources, participants also were experienced significantly in higher level of family members’ instrumental support than emotional support. 3.Supervisor and family members’ emotional support The results indicated that work-family conflict and facilitation of married female worker could be explained by work resources and family resources. In addition, under the circumstances of the strength of supervisor and family members’ emotional support, rather than family supportive policies or family members’ instrumental support, were associated with lower work-family conflict and greater work-family facilitation. Supervisor and family members’ emotional support led married female worker to feel loved, cared, and valued, so they were able to experience lower level of work-family conflict and higher level of work-family facilitation.
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Chen, Chiajung, and 陳家蓉. "The study of indigenous female worker health promotion program - Delphi method." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43557861722845720480.
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碩士慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
101
To shoulder their family financial burden and to take care of family members, the indigenous female workers must make efforts to maintain and improve their health. In this study, Delphi method is use to design health promotion programs for indigenous female workers. First using of literature review to understand the target group’s health needs, and coming up with different health promotion programs based on their needs by employing the Delphi method. The study invites eight experts to form a Delphi group, and these experts specialize in various areas such as health promotion, indigenous health, indigenous culture, occupational health, or the program design. These experts take part in and answer the questionnaire in three rounds. The study drafts the basic health promotions program for the indigenous women workers, the details of each program can be changed to fit into the actual need. The result of this study contains four parts: 1. The key strategies are to “strengthen community action” and “develop personal skills”. 2. in order to be helpful to the indigenous female workers, it needs to put a “workplace health promotion policy” in place (build healthy public policy), and to get the support from the employer (or supervisor). Next is to “create supportive environment”, and make it possible to switch to other kinds of services if the actual needs are different. 3. Based on their importance to the indigenous female workers, the available health promotion programs are “reducing or quitting drinking”, “quitting chewing betel nut”, “eating healthy”, “disease prevention”, “quitting smoking”, “reducing stress”, and “maintaining physical wellbeing”. 4. This research suggests the possible promotion channels and indicates how often the promotions shall be carried out; it further recommends the contents of the community service activities and the frequency of sponsoring these activities.
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Yi-Ting, Chiang, and 江宜庭. "Research of Self-reported Complaints among Female Worker in Semiconductor Industry." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10682589041121059256.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境衛生研究所
90
Abstract Potential reproductive effects from occupational exposure to solvents remain of concern, particularly in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, regardless that isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ether and propylene glycol ether are substituted for ethylene glycol ether. This cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between female menstrual cycle and work environment in fabrication occupation and work stress. With informed consents, 820 study subjects were recruited in this study and completed health questionnaires. Excluding five subjects not aged between 18-45 years, information obtained from 716 fabrication (fab) workers and 83 non-fabrication (non-fab) workers was included in this study. In the present study, we found that fab workers were more likely than non-fab workers to have complains for musculoskeletal disorders (42.3% vs. 30.1%, p = 0.03). Fab workers were at higher risk than non-fab workers to have the menstrual period shorter than 24 days (12.7% vs. 6.0%). The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that moderate psychological stress was associated with irregular menstrual cycle length (odds ratio (OR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25-3.94), the disorder of menstrual period (OR =1.94, 95% CI = 1.05-3.56). Higher psychological stress was associated with menstrual period disorder (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.33-10.57) and disorder in premenstrual psychological syndrome (OR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.13-11.08). On the other hand, study subjects working in the diffusion area were at lowered risk of hypermenorrhea (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.22-0.79), compared with working in the non-fab site. Women with stress at work are more likely to have irregular menstrual cycle. . Key word: fabrication work, work stress, menstrual cycle
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Chi-Lin, Tai, and 戴芝苓. "The Working Stree and Motivation Strategy of Married female Social Worker." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91351944610137857015.
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劉玉鈴. "female social worker''s gender consciousness inference on profession relationship~a study of marriage violence prevention social workers." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43913900427105941647.
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Chang, Li-Ying, and 張麗英. "A Study on Male Marital Affairs：A View from a Female News Worker." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86453291498686831422.
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碩士世新大學
社會心理學研究所(含碩專班)
95
According to domestic and overseas researches, marital affairs have great effects upon marriage. Concerning exploration into male’s marital affairs, most of domestic researches in the past are quantitative-based ones. To collect more information from the male party concerned to enrich the horizons and vision for male studies, this research practices qualitative methods in the hopes of dedicating my efforts to the exploration and analysis of this social phenomenon. Taking qualitative-based narrative analysis as the major research method, perspectives of hermeneutic, phenomenology and post modernism are incorporated into this research. Five interviewees with different backgrounds who once had marital affairs were subjects of this research. Starting from the confirmation of title to a search for domestic and overseas literatures, confirmation of interviews, interviews and data analysis, it took two and a half years for the researcher conducting this research. By data sorting and cross-case comparison, findings show that physiology, psychology, environment, change of social culture, dullness, a try of freshness, exciting feeling and sympathy are motivations of extramarital affairs. Once one has developed marital affairs, the factors such as original marital quality, spouse’s attitude, the interactions between the party concerned and the third party, and even the effects of such affairs upon work and career would produce key decision leading to the continuousness or suspension of extramarital affair. With regard to male’s behavior of taking a mistress in China, moreover, this research has generalized seven related psychological factors, including loneliness, dullness, “the advantage of being in a favored position,” the environmental factor, alleviation of working pressure, conformity, exchange theory, re-experience of amour and aspiration of rejuvenation. With regarding to the result of extramarital affairs, either a happy ending or tragedy, it depends on the wisdom and decision of the party concerned. From the perspective of presentation, the leading actor of male extramarital affairs is the male party concerned who has developed such relationships. From the perspective of extramarital affairs' substantial structure and thought of dynamics, however, wife's response and the behavior of the third party in the marriage are exactly the key factors to determine the result of the marital affair.
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林淑媚. "Masks˙ Arts ˙Norbulingka：The exploration of a female educational worker in her life." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35882302220019808340.
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碩士國立新竹教育大學
人資處課程與教學碩士班
95
The paper is narrated life story and dvelops the growth course by way of growth, family ,education work situation with environment variation. The content assumes except transfer the course by the text reveals real self- life vein energy, and reflected treatment quality of material in the education interaction、human sentiment interaction, and social rhythm. Either female or male whose work in the education places that see the self and other people's subject in the sex and role relations. And got the course and regard consciousness which the frame moves by "the illustration". " Mask is a life illusion; art is a life method; Norbulingka is a life anticipation or stops the stationary point." This is a different understanding with the past experience and the education practice in the future after study the paper.