Relevant bibliographies by topics / Female underrepresentation / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Female underrepresentation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Female underrepresentation.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Female underrepresentation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Obianuju, Enwerekowe Ebelechukwu, and Mangden Daniel Diyenaan. "Why does Female Underrepresentation Persist in Nigerian Architecture?" Civil Engineering and Architecture 7, no. 4 (July 2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2019.070401.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Baker, Marzena, and Erica French. "Female underrepresentation in project-based organizations exposes organizational isomorphism." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 37, no. 8 (November 20, 2018): 799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-03-2017-0061.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural career barriers in project-based construction and property development organizations in Australia, and explore how these affect women and their project careers. It applies the insights of the institutional theory to explain how the process of normative isomorphism continues to reproduce female underrepresentation in those organizations. Design/methodology/approach Based on an exploratory interpretive approach, this study consisted of 16 in-depth interviews with female project managers from the Australian construction and property industry. Findings The research shows that organizational practices may contribute to the ongoing female underrepresentation in the Australian construction and property development industries. The structural career barriers unique to project organizations include work practice, presenteeism, reliance on career self-management and the “filtering of personnel” in recruitment and promotion practices. Research limitations/implications The results support the institutional theory as an explanation for the factors that influence women’s’ perceptions of their project management careers. Addressing inequity between men and women is perceived as an organizational choice. Practical implications To achieve a substantive change in the numbers of women in project management, organizational leaders in male dominated industries such as construction and property development are encouraged to think strategically about how to overcome the access and opportunity that affect women’s career progress. Originality/value Drawing on the institutional theory, this study explores how the process of normative isomorphism may reproduce female underrepresentation and gender segregation in traditional project-based organizations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Redmon, C., and L. Alzweri. "Ethnic underrepresentation in validation of female sexual dysfunction questionnaires." Journal of Sexual Medicine 19, no. 5 (May 2022): S199—S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.452.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Redmon, C., and L. Alzweri. "Ethnic Underrepresentation in Validation of Female Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaires." Journal of Sexual Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 2022): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Redmon, C., and L. Alzweri. "Ethnic Underrepresentation in Validation of Female Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaires." Journal of Sexual Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 2022): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Teele, Dawn Langan, and Kathleen Thelen. "Gender in the Journals: Publication Patterns in Political Science." PS: Political Science & Politics 50, no. 02 (March 31, 2017): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096516002985.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT This article explores publication patterns across 10 prominent political science journals, documenting a significant gender gap in publication rates for men and women. We present three broad findings. First, we find no evidence that the low percentage of female authors simply mirrors an overall low share of women in the profession. Instead, we find continued underrepresentation of women in many of the discipline’s top journals. Second, we find that women are not benefiting equally in a broad trend across the discipline toward coauthorship. Most published collaborative research in these journals emerges from all-male teams. Third, it appears that the methodological proclivities of the top journals do not fully reflect the kind of work that female scholars are more likely than men to publish in these journals. The underrepresentation of qualitative work in many journals is associated as well with an underrepresentation of female authors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Paquette, Jerald E. "Minority Participation in Secondary Education: A Fine-Grained Descriptive Methodology." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 13, no. 2 (June 1991): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737013002139.

Full text
Abstract:
This study analyzes participation of selected minorities and female students in particular secondary-school courses in six Southwestern Ontario boards of education during the 1988–1989 school year. Relative over- or underrepresentation of each group studied was tabulated by course type, grade, and level of difficulty. Results taken across all six boards indicate, among other relationships, overrepresentation of recently immigrated students in advanced-level university-entrance English classes, modest underrepresentation of Black students in advanced-level core subjects, and strong underrepresentation of Native Canadian Indian students in advanced-level English and math. Individual board analyses showed considerable deviation from across-board patterns.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kamal, Asalat, Michael Kang, and Benjamin Mong. "Addressing the Issue of Underrepresentation of Women in Chemistry." Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/jaste.v5i1.34276.

Full text
Abstract:
We conducted a study in two different high schools in Mississauga to see if there was a correlation between gender and interest to study Chemistry after high school. A vast number of adolescent females reported no interest in studying Chemistry (65%) compared to adolescent males (26%). Our research suggests that disproportionally of women to men in Chemistry may originate as early as high school. We recommend that high school Science/Chemistry curriculum must be more inclusive to help young girls develop an interest in Chemistry, and Science in general. Teachers must combat stereotypes in the classrooms and introduce young women to more female role models in Science/Chemistry to empower them to pursue Chemistry in post-secondary years.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Jackson, Carla Ray. "The Soul Within." Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jump.v2i1.41.

Full text
Abstract:
While community colleges are experiencing an increase in minority students, there has been a lack of substantial growth in the acquisition and retention of full-time minority faculty. For full-time African American female professors, this lack has resulted in the circumstance of underrepresentation. This qualitative study asked full-time African American female professors at predominantly White community colleges in Maryland, to explore the emotional toll of underrepresentation. In-depth interviews were conducted to develop a written illustration of how African American female professors at predominantly White institutions fulfill their professional duties in an environment that has been shown to lead to emotional burnout. This study will add to the body of research that increases the understanding of the lived experiences of minority faculty.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Dingemann, Carmen. "The Female Pediatric Surgeon." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 27, no. 03 (April 28, 2017): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1602251.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIn medical schools throughout Europe, women make up an increasing proportion of graduates entering the medical profession. Even though this phenomenon is also found in the surgical profession, women are still clearly underrepresented. However, it has been demonstrated that women are equally qualified as men, and are as eager as men to aim for a surgical career.In general, a career in surgery has significant lifestyle implications for both men and women. In particular, women meet challenges such as pregnancy, maternity, and responsibility for childcare that compete with pressures of time and expectations of productivity. Further complicating the situation, there is a huge complexity of national legislation dealing with maternity and parental leave within Europe. Owing to this legal inconsistency, a strong demand on targeted policies and guidelines has increased particularly among the surgical staff.The scarcity of female role models and mentors has also been discussed as a possible explanation for the underrepresentation of women in academic surgery. Even in the 21st century, the advancement of women into leading positions of academic surgery and major surgical societies is still limited. An updated view of leadership development, the promotion of female surgeons in academic surgery, and identifying barriers to women entering this field are crucial to correcting the existing gender inequities.This contribution aims to highlight the current situation of women in academic surgery, outline findings on gender disparities, and define persistent obstacles to the advancement of women in surgery. In addition, this review presents new possibilities and provides approaches to overcome the underrepresentation of female surgeons. In current literature, there is only little information concerning the situation of female pediatric surgeons. Therefore, this article mainly relies on available data on the female surgeon in general.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Van Haegendoren, Mieke. "Vrouwelijke en mannelijke kandidaten bij de verkiezingen van 24 november 1991 in Vlaanderen." Res Publica 35, no. 2 (June 30, 1993): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v35i2.18797.

Full text
Abstract:
This article deals with the differences that exist between the profile of Flemish male and female political candidates placed on election-lists. The survey, held amongst all female and male political candidates, shows that male candidates find themselves in a more favourable position due to the accumulation of small gender differences in education, professional and domestic life.Male candidates more often have university degrees and leading functions resulting in more important relations. They are better represented both in the party structure and in corporate life.Child care and domestic tasks seem to be (usually) their partner's responsability. Female political underrepresentation is a result of a generally weaker position of women in society. Notwithstanding the enormous progress made over the last five decades, the problem of female underrepresentation in politics remains a structural one. Hence, the question is wether a solution should ask for structural measures by the government.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Harris, Jenine K., Merriah A. Croston, Ellen T. Hutti, and Amy A. Eyler. "Diversify the syllabi: Underrepresentation of female authors in college course readings." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): e0239012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Montgomery, Kathleen A., and Gabriella Ilonszki. "Stuck in the Basement: A Pathway Case Analysis of Female Recruitment in Hungary's 2010 National Assembly Elections." Politics & Gender 12, no. 04 (May 3, 2016): 700–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x1600012x.

Full text
Abstract:
Women's legislative underrepresentation has emerged as perhaps the most stable feature of the postcommunist Hungarian political system, resisting Europeanization, changes in the electoral and party systems, and a new constitution. Early research on the decline in women's access to power in postcommunist transitional democracies focused on common legacies of communist rule, but those legacies cannot account for widening disparities in women's representation across the region over time or the persistent underrepresentation of women in Hungary. Using a pathway case analysis of Hungary's 2010 parliamentary elections, this research examines how cultural, structural, and institutional factors interacted to keep Hungary stuck in the basement with respect to women's legislative recruitment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Smith, Amy Erica, Heidi Hardt, Philippe Meister, and Hannah June Kim. "Gender, Race, Age, and National Origin Predict Whether Faculty Assign Female-Authored Readings in Graduate Syllabi." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519001239.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTNumerous studies document female scholars’ underrepresentation in political science publications and citations, yet few examine graduate syllabi. In this study, we assess the impact of instructors’ individual characteristics (i.e., race, gender, and age) on which readings they assign. We use what is—to our knowledge—the largest dataset of graduate readings to date: the GRaduate Assignments DataSet (GRADS), with 75,601 readings from 840 syllabi in 94 US PhD programs. We report several findings. First, overall, instructors infrequently assign female-authored scholarship relative to the rates at which women publish. Second, instructors who are women, people of color, and those from more gender-equal countries assign significantly more female-authored readings than white male instructors and those from less gender-equal countries. Third, among women—but not men—older instructors assign more female-authored work. We suggest that women’s underrepresentation on syllabi may contribute to “the leaky pipeline,” which describes women’s attrition from academic careers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Johnstonbaugh, Morgan. "Where Are All of the Women? Untangling the Effects of Representation, Participation, and Preferences on Gender Differences in Political Press Coverage." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 4 (January 2018): 237802311879373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118793738.

Full text
Abstract:
The author examines why female politicians continue to be underrepresented in the press by measuring how structural inequalities, engagement in traditional and disruptive dialogue, and gender preferences influence the amount of press coverage U.S. House representatives receive. Drawing on a data set of Tweets, press releases, and news articles and transcripts related to the 114th House of Representatives’ investigations of the Iran deal and Planned Parenthood, the author uses negative binomial regression to test the effects of gender, engagement, and interactions of the two on the press coverage received by male and female House members. The results indicate that female House members’ underrepresentation in the media mirrors their underrepresentation in public office. These findings suggest that although political discourse and gender preferences may not be keeping women out of the media when covering gendered topics, getting more women in public office is likely to be a cumbersome challenge in itself.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Ludmir, Ethan B., C. David Fuller, Shalini Moningi, Walker Mainwaring, Timothy A. Lin, Austin B. Miller, Amit Jethanandani, et al. "Sex-Based Disparities Among Cancer Clinical Trial Participants." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 112, no. 2 (July 27, 2019): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz154.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Landmark investigation two decades ago demonstrated sex-based disparities among participants in cancer cooperative group trials. Although federal efforts have aimed to improve representation of female patients in government-sponsored research, less is known about sex disparities in the broader landscape of modern oncologic randomized controlled trials. Using ClinicalTrials.gov, we identified randomized controlled trials related to colorectal or lung cancer (the two most common non-sex-specific disease sites). Among the 147 included trials, the proportion of female patients enrolled on trial was on average 6.8% (95% confidence interval = −8.8% to –4.9%) less than the proportion of female patients in the population by disease site (P < .001). Whereas no statistically significant underrepresentation of women was noted within the 26 cooperative group trials, sex disparities were markedly heightened for the 121 noncooperative-group-sponsored trials. Furthermore, underrepresentation of women did not improve with time. Future efforts should therefore focus on addressing these pervasive sex-based enrollment disparities beyond cooperative group trials alone.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Ferla, Martina, and Anne Graham. "Women slowly taking off: An investigation into female underrepresentation in commercial aviation." Research in Transportation Business & Management 31 (June 2019): 100378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2019.100378.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Zbigniew, Dziubiński, Natalia Organista, and Zuzanna Mazur. "Still marginalized: Gender inequalities in the largest Polish daily’s sports coverage." Communications 44, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2017-0047.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The studies conducted over recent decades on media sports coverage indicatedmajor underrepresentation of women’s sports. The underrepresentation of women’s sports in the media is aligned with the perception of sport as a masculine construct with sportswomen as the ‘other’. However, most studies were conducted in English-speaking countries. In this article we present our findings of press media coverage in Poland. The aim of the study was to provide an analysis of sports press coverage in the largest Polish daily, Gazeta Wyborcza, with respect to gender inequality. The chosen method was content analysis. The results show an underrepresentation of women’s sports in the examined press coverage – only 12.5% of all articles concerned female sports. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that the articles differed in terms of the athletes’ gender as well. The study highlighted the gender-dependent nature of the examined sports press coverage in Poland.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Li, Diyi, and Cory Koedel. "Representation and Salary Gaps by Race-Ethnicity and Gender at Selective Public Universities." Educational Researcher 46, no. 7 (August 16, 2017): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x17726535.

Full text
Abstract:
We use data from 2015–2016 to document faculty representation and wage gaps by race-ethnicity and gender in six fields at selective public universities. Consistent with widely available information, Black, Hispanic, and female professors are underrepresented and White and Asian professors are overrepresented in our data. Disadvantaged minority and female underrepresentation is driven predominantly by underrepresentation in science and math intensive fields. A comparison of senior and junior faculty suggests a trend toward greater diversity, especially in science and math intensive fields, because younger faculty are more diverse. However, Black faculty are an exception. We decompose racial-ethnic and gender wage gaps and show that academic field, experience, and research productivity account for most or all of the gaps. We find no evidence of wage premiums for individuals who improve diversity, although for Black faculty we cannot rule out a modest premium.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Lu, Xintong. "The Barriers, Facilitators, and Solutions for Women in Educational Leadership Roles in a Chinese University." International Journal of Chinese Education 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340117.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Although women are considered to be dominant contributors in the field of education, underrepresentation of women in educational leadership is still a pervasive issue. The situation may be more critical in the Asian Chinese context, wherein the male-dominated tradition of the feudal system has been prevalent for thousands of years. This article examines the barriers faced by women in educational leadership roles in a Chinese university, and the facilitators of female educational leadership. The case study was conducted using qualitative methods, involving interviews with both male and female leaders. The findings present a range of barriers that women in the research university are now facing, facilitating factors, and ways to solve the issue. Addressing the importance of recognising the underrepresentation of women in Chinese universities also has the aim of promoting gender equity in educational leadership.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Webb, Louisa A., and Doune Macdonald. "Techniques of Power in Physical Education and the Underrepresentation of Women in Leadership." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 26, no. 3 (July 2007): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.26.3.279.

Full text
Abstract:
In a research project investigating the underrepresentation of women in leadership in physical education within the context of workplace cultures and teachers’ lives and careers, subtle effects of power were found to be influential. This article outlines the analytical framework that was used for the discourse analysis of interviews from this research based on the work of Gore (1998), Wright (2000), and Foucault. Seventeen teachers (7 male and 10 female) were interviewed and the data analyzed through discourse analysis using eight techniques of power described by Gore that are pertinent to educational and physical education settings. These techniques explained the colonization of space by dominant masculinities, the male gaze on female bodies, gendered expectations of behavior and appearance, dominant discourses of male leadership, and exclusion from male-dominated networks that all contributed toward the underrepresentation of women in leadership in physical education.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Siegele, Jessica L., Robin Hardin, Elizabeth A. Taylor, and Allison B. Smith. "“She is the Best Female Coach”: Female Swimming Coaches’ Experiences of Sexism." Journal of Intercollegiate Sport 13, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jis.v13i1.11676.

Full text
Abstract:
Sport participation for women and girls is at an all-time high in the United States, but women are still widely underrepresented in leadership positions and coaching (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). Women hold approximately 50% of head coaching positions of women’s teams in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and only 18% of the head coaching positions of women’s swimming and diving teams (LaVoi & Silva-Breen, 2018). Numerous barriers have been identified through previous research on the factors that inhibit upward career mobility for female coaches. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine the career experiences of 21 current or former female swimming coaches at the NCAA Division I level. The theme of sexism in coaching was pervasive and identified in five different categories: (a) misidentification, (b) differential treatment, (c) isolation, (d) tokenism, and (e) motherhood. The sexism that female coaches experience hinders upward career mobility which can lead to career dissatisfaction and early exits from the field, contributing to the underrepresentation of women in the profession.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Mañoso Pacheco, Lidia. "Gender Asymmetries in News Reports." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 57 (December 16, 2018): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20186325.

Full text
Abstract:
Women have traditionally been defined in journalistic studies as the ‘unaccessed voice group’ due to their underrepresentation in most media coverage, a fact commonly described in linguistics as ‘symbolic annihilation’ (Caldas-Coulthard 2002; Armstrong 2004). Although many scholars state that linguistic stereotypes have been weakening over time, there is a prevailing view that women are still experiencing linguistic discrimination in the age of digital storytelling. This paper discusses gender inequality by means of an in-depth study of females as sources of information in newspaper discourse, based on a corpus of 68 online news items published in four broadsheet British and Spanish newspapers: The Times, The Guardian, El Mundo and El País. The research mainly focuses on the possible relation between the gender of the source and that of the news reporter, as well as the tendencies in the depiction of female sources in reporting segments. The analysis reveals a continuing underrepresentation of women, though less noticeable in the Spanish news group. Contrary to possible expectations, both corpora coincide in defining female sources on a professional basis. The results also suggest that the predominance of male sources of information, rather than being tied to the ‘familiarity’ criterion, is institutionally biased.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Bastida, Maria, Luisa Helena Helena Ferreira Pinto, and Anne-Wil Harzing. "No room at the top? A system dynamics view of the recursive consequences of women's underrepresentation in international assignments." Journal of Global Mobility 9, no. 3 (August 23, 2021): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-04-2021-0047.

Full text
Abstract:
PurposeThe expatriation literature has developed an insightful body of research on the reasons why women are not assigned abroad as frequently as men. However, the authors know very little about the systemic and recursive consequences of women's underrepresentation in international assignments (IAs), which are examined in this conceptual paper.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon expatriation research and a system dynamics perspective, the authors propose a conceptual model to explain both women's underrepresentation in IAs and its recursive consequences.FindingsThe authors highlight how women's underrepresentation in IAs results from a complex system of recursive effects that jeopardizes women's professional development and undermines both their own career progression to top management and firms' competitive advantage and international growth. The authors argue that organizations make decisions that contravene their own interest in a competitive global context. First is that they are limiting their talent pool by not considering female candidates. Second is that they are missing the opportunity to use IAs to advance women's careers.Research limitations/implicationsThe model provides a solid grounding for future research on selecting the most effective organizational actions and designing supportive measures to disrupt the persistent dynamics contributing to women's underrepresentation in IAs. Future research could also expand our study by incorporating individual differences and the proactive role that women may take.Practical implicationsThe model points to specific managerial interventions (e.g. increased access to job training and specific training ahead of the assignment, dual-career support, women's mentoring and affirmative action) which have the potential to reduce women's underrepresentation in IAs and in top management.Originality/valueThe system dynamics approach enables a broader understanding of why women are underrepresented in IAs, how this underrepresentation further exacerbates gender segregation in international business, and how these recursive outcomes can be averted to the advantage of firms' sustainable growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Middleton, Tanya J., and Donna Y. Ford. "An Implementation of Culturally Responsive Protective Factors to Meet the Needs of Girls of Color in Gifted and Talented Education." Gifted Child Today 45, no. 2 (April 2022): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10762175211070053.

Full text
Abstract:
This article presents an overview of factors that contribute to the inequitable underrepresentation of girls of color in gifted and talented with an emphasis on Blacks since they are most frequently absent. After presenting this national context, the authors present Ford’s Female Achievement Model for Excellence as a gendered and racial culturally responsive resource for effectively addressing the intersectional needs and development of students who are female and gifted and talented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Sharada, K. "Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Women." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 01, no. 03 (September 2016): 005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656476.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractDespite underrepresentation of women in cardiac resynchronization therapy studies, it has been conclusively shown that women demonstrate greater benefit than men in functional status, reverse cardiac remodeling, and survival and female gender remains an independent predictor of greater response to cardiac resynchronization therapy after adjustment for various other factors. Eligible female patients are less likely to receive this beneficial therapy and various performance enhancement initiatives can reduce this gender-based disparity with favorable outcomes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Conzen, Catharina, Karlijn Hakvoort, Hans Clusmann, and Anke Höllig. "Female Participation in Academic European Neurosurgery—A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070834.

Full text
Abstract:
The study aims to provide data on authors’ gender distribution with special attention on publications from Europe. Articles (October 2019–March 2020) published in three representative neurosurgical journals (Acta Neurochirurgica, Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery) were analyzed with regard to female participation. Out of 648 publications, 503 original articles were analyzed: 17.5% (n = 670) of the 3.821 authors were female, with 15.7% (n = 79) females as first and 9.5% (n = 48) as last authors. The lowest ratio of female first and last authors was seen in original articles published in the JNS (12.3%/7.7% vs. Neurosurgery 14.9%/10.6% and Acta 23.0/11.5%). Articles originated in Europe made up 29.8% (female author ratio 21.1% (n = 226)). Female first authorship was seen in 20.7% and last authorship in 10.7% (15.3% and 7.3% were affiliated to a neurosurgical department). The percentages of female authorship were lower if non-original articles (n = 145) were analyzed (11.7% first/4.8% last authorships). Female participation in editorial boards was 8.0%. Considering the percentages of European female neurosurgeons, the current data are proportional. However, the lack of female last authors, the discrepancy regarding non-original articles and the composition of the editorial boards indicate that there still is a structural underrepresentation and that females are limited in achieving powerful positions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Stangl, Jane Marie, and Mary Jo Kane. "Structural Variables That Offer Explanatory Power for the Underrepresentation of Women Coaches Since Title IX: The Case of Homologous Reproduction." Sociology of Sport Journal 8, no. 1 (March 1991): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.8.1.47.

Full text
Abstract:
The dramatic decline of women coaches since Title IX has been well documented. This investigation examined how homologous reproduction has influenced the proportion of female to male head coaches within the historical context of Title IX. Homologous reproduction is a process whereby dominants reproduce themselves based on social and/or physical characteristics. Therefore the employment relationship between sex of athletic director and sex of head coach was considered. The sample included 937 public high schools for three Title IX time periods. Analysis of variance procedures indicated significant main effects for sex of athletic director and Title IX timeframe: Significantly more women were hired under female versus male athletic directors. However, there was also a significantly smaller proportion of female coaches in 1981-82 and 1988-89 compared to 1974-75. This latter pattern occurred under both female and male athletic directors. Findings are discussed in terms of analyzing employment practices toward females as manifestations of hegemony.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Mbalilaki, Consolata, and Daniel Oduor Onyango. "Factors Contributing to Female Teachers Underrepresentation in Schools Leadership: A Case of Sumbawanga, Tanzania." March to April 2022 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2022v03i02.0166.

Full text
Abstract:
This study sought to investigate the factors contributing to underrepresentation of female teachers in leadership positions in public secondary schools in Sumbawanga Municipality. The study employed the mixed research approach and convergent parallel research design. The Study sampled a total of 100 respondents out of a population of 687 educational stakeholders. These included 87 teachers, 5 heads of schools, 1 Municipality Executive Officer, 1 Regional Officer, 1 Municipality Education Officer and 5 head prefects. Purposive sampling technique was used to select students, heads of schools as well as all education officers while simple random sampling was used to select teachers. Questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect data. The study concludes that factors that hindered female teachers’ participation in school leadership was lack of consideration of gender when appointing school leaders and nothing else since all possible factors that were suggested in the questionnaire were denied by teachers of both genders. Therefore, gender biasness was a major factor that that brought about the gender imbalance in school leadership positions in the schools under investigation. The study therefore recommends that the appointing authorities should be guided by the affirmative action policy in the appointment of school heads. This will contribute to appointment of more women to leadership positions such as schools heads.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

See, Emily J., Sandra Lussier, and Daryl Jones. "Understanding factors contributing to the underrepresentation of female co-authors in intensive care publications." Australian Critical Care 34, no. 6 (November 2021): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.09.007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Walker, Nefertiti A., and Trevor Bopp. "The Underrepresentation of Women in the Male-Dominated Sport Workplace: Perspectives of Female Coaches." Journal of Workplace Rights 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wr.15.1.d.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Peck, Tabitha C., Laura E. Sockol, and Sarah M. Hancock. "Mind the Gap: The Underrepresentation of Female Participants and Authors in Virtual Reality Research." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 26, no. 5 (May 2020): 1945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973498.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Mayor, Jessica, Ourania Preventza, Joseph L. Mills, Miguel Montero-Baker, Ramyar Gilani, Zachary Pallister, and Jayer Chung. "Persistent Underrepresentation of Female Patients in US Trials of Common Vascular Diseases Since 2008." Journal of Vascular Surgery 73, no. 1 (January 2021): e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.046.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Valentova, Jaroslava V., Emma Otta, Maria Luisa Silva, and Alan G. McElligott. "Underrepresentation of women in the senior levels of Brazilian science." PeerJ 5 (December 19, 2017): e4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4000.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite significant progress, there is still a gender gap in science all over the world, especially at senior levels. Some progressive countries are recognizing the need to address barriers to gender equality in order to retain their best scientists and innovators, and ensure research excellence and social and economic returns on the investment made by taxpayers each year on training women scientists. We investigated the gender distribution of: (i) the productivity scholarship (PS) holders of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq,N= 13,625), (ii) the members of the Brazilian Academy of Science (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, ABC,N= 899), and (iii) the amount of funding awarded for top quality research (“Universal” Call of CNPq,N= 3,836), between the years of 2013 and 2014. Our findings show evidence for gender imbalances in all the studied indicators of Brazilian science. We found that female scientists were more often represented among PS holders at the lower levels of the research ranking system (2). By contrast, male scientists were more often found at higher levels (1A and 1B) of PS holders, indicating the top scientific achievement, both in “Engineering, Exact Sciences, Earth Sciences”, and “Life Sciences”. This imbalance was not found in Humanities and Social Sciences. Only 14% of the ABC members were women. Humanities and Applied Social Sciences had a relatively low representation of women in the Academy (3.7%) compared to Engineering, Exact and Earth Sciences: 54.9% and Life Sciences: 41.4%. Finally, female scientists obtained significantly more funding at the lower level of the research ranking system (2), whereas male scientists obtained significantly more funding at the higher levels (1A and 1B). Our results show strong evidence of a gender imbalance in Brazilian science. We hope that our findings will be used to stimulate reforms that will result in greater equality in Brazilian science, and elsewhere.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Ochuko-Emore, Mercy E., Julian Beezhold, and Jide Morakinyo. "Authorship, gender and geography in journals published by the Royal College of Psychiatrists." Psychiatrist 34, no. 11 (November 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.109.027920.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims and methodTo determine female authorship of original articles and editorials between January 1997 and December 2008 in the British Journal of Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Bulletin. Editorials from Advances in Psychiatric Treatment and the geographical region of the female first author of original articles were also included in the study.ResultsThe gender was determined for 99.2% of the 2324 first authors of original articles and 100% of the 614 editorials. The percentage of original articles by female first authors fluctuated over the study period, ranging from 22.5 to 42.1% (mean 33.6) in the British Journal of Psychiatry, and from 25.5 to 46.8% (mean 37.6) in the Psychiatric Bulletin. There was a gross underrepresentation of females as first authors of editorials in all three journals. The percentage of female first authors of original articles from low- and middle-income countries ranged from 0.3 to 3.4% in both the British Journal of Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Bulletin.Clinical implicationsThere is an increasing trend in female first authorship of original articles. However, females remain underrepresented, especially in editorials, in the British psychiatric journals examined. The representation of female first authors from low- and middle-income countries is disproportionately low. Strategies to address these inequalities should be implemented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Kage, Rieko, Frances M. Rosenbluth, and Seiki Tanaka. "What Explains Low Female Political Representation? Evidence from Survey Experiments in Japan." Politics & Gender 15, no. 02 (July 27, 2018): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000223.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractFew democratic countries have lower rates of female political representation than Japan, making it an excellent place to seek clues for female underrepresentation. We were surprised to find, based on three experimental surveys, that Japanese voters do not harbor particularly negative attitudes toward female politicians. The problem instead appears to be that women are reluctant to run for office because of socially mandated family roles. An implication of our study is that gender equality in political representation will likely founder in countries with electoral systems that require around-the-clock constituency service and legislative work, at least until citizens no longer have gendered expectations about time-consuming family obligations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Depraetere, Joke, Christophe Vandeviver, Tom Vander Beken, and Ines Keygnaert. "Big Boys Don’t Cry: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of Male Sexual Victimization." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (December 16, 2018): 991–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018816979.

Full text
Abstract:
Sexual victimization is typically presented as a gender-based problem involving a female victim and a male offender. Science, policy, and society focus on female victims at the expense of male victims. Male sexual victimization is thus understudied compared with female sexual victimization. By performing a critical interpretive synthesis of research papers, policy documents, and gray literature ( N = 67) published in four electronic databases from January 2000 through September 2017, this article establishes the prevalence of male sexual victims and the causes that underlie the underrepresentation of this group in existing research and current policy. The prevalence rates of male sexual victims vary considerably, with up to 65% of men reporting sexual victimization. The underrepresentation of male victims was found to be rooted in prevailing gender roles and accepted sexual scripts in society, together with rape myths and stereotypical rape scripts. The former prescribes men as the dominant and sexually active gender. The latter denies male sexual victimization and frames women as “ideal victims.” Combined, these prevailing societal perceptions of men, male sexuality, and sexual victimization prevent men from self-identifying as victims and inhibit them from seeking help to cope with the adverse consequences of sexual victimization. Addressing the gender differences in sexual victimization requires societal and political changes that challenge prevailing stereotypical perceptions of sexual victims. Such changes could result in improved support services for male sexual victims.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Morris, Erin, Ryan Vooris, and Tara Q. Mahoney. "You Study Like a Girl: Experiences of Female Sport Management Students." Sport Management Education Journal 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.2018-0020.

Full text
Abstract:
Female students are underrepresented within university sport management programs. Because of the concept of the “chilly climate,” the underrepresentation may impact their experiences as students and their opportunities inside and outside of the classroom. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of female students’ experiences within this male-dominated major. Three qualitative focus groups with female sport management students were conducted. The results found the female students had strategies to overcome barriers, a firm understanding of the reality of the gender dynamic within sport management, and an awareness of the importance of networking to succeed in the major. These findings may help sport management programs better support their female students through initiatives like women-in-sport-management clubs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Yamin, Gillian. "Female university computing students' perceptions of technology careers: Interpretivist research to inform careers practice." Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling 47, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.4707.

Full text
Abstract:
The representation of women in the technology sector, reported at 16.4% (Wise, 2020), necessitates investigation. How female university students' perceptions of careers in technology formed can help understanding of the causes of female underrepresentation and suggest possible practice by careers professionals to help redress this imbalance. This research utilised purposive sampling to identify four information-rich participants (Palinkas et al., 2013) for semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis via coding (King & Horrocks, 2010). Societal influences on students' perceptions of technology careers, both prior to university and once employed in technology, emerged as significant factors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Brooks, Deborah Jordan, and Lydia Saad. "Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times." Politics & Gender 16, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 1110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x20000628.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractIn this article, we explore whether women's underrepresentation among political and workplace decision makers may subject female citizens and employees to COVID-19-related decisions that are at odds with their preferences. We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. Given the limited representation of women leaders across most industries and in politics, COVID-19 regulations are thus likely to be less cautious than would be the case if there were an equitable representation of women across leadership roles. We argue that female employees, in particular, face a representational “double whammy” for COVID-19: gender imbalances in workplace leadership create inequities that are compounded—rather than redressed—by unequal political representation. We conclude by addressing how this dynamic may enhance the movement of women away from Republican candidates moving forward.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Gomez, Angelina M. "“The Job Is Yours!” Deconstructing the Gender Gap in Higher Education." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 23, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458920903084.

Full text
Abstract:
The underrepresentation of female Administrators in higher education is not decreasing even though education continues to be a field dominated by women. The overall percentage of women leading colleges and universities in the United States remains disproportionately low at 26%. This ambiguous case study examines whether or not the Higher Education Administration continues to perpetuate gender inequalities through simplistic and, often times, unconscious hiring and mentoring practices scaffolding upon good intentions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Owen, Ann L., Judit Temesvary, and Andrew Wei. "Gender and Professional Networks on Bank Boards." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 021r1 (August 23, 2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.021r1.

Full text
Abstract:
Women are underrepresented on bank boards. Using a newly compiled dataset of bank board membership over the 1999-2018 period, we find that within-board professional networks are extensive, but female board members are significantly less connected than male directors, both in number and length of connections. We also find that professional networks play an important role in determining the appointment of bank board directors. Connections also positively impact compensation for female directors, especially connections to other women. These results suggest that there are differences in the breadth, depth, and value of the professional networks of male and female board members and that these differences could be a contributing channel through which women's underrepresentation on boards prevails.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Lindner, Andrew M., and Ziggy Schulting. "How Movies with a Female Presence Fare with Critics." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117727636.

Full text
Abstract:
This study explores one potential mechanism contributing to the persistent underrepresentation of women in film by considering whether movie critics reward or penalize films with an independent female presence. Drawing on a sample of widely distributed movies from 2000 to 2009 (n = 975), we test whether films that pass the Bechdel Test (two or more named women speak to each other about something other than a man) have higher or lower Metacritic scores net of control variables, including arthouse production label, genre, production budget, including a top star, and being a sequel. The results indicate that the mere inclusion or absence of an independent female presence has no effect on a film’s composite critical evaluation. These findings suggest that while critical reviews are not a major factor contributing to women’s exclusion from film, movie critics as a whole do not advocate for films with an independent female presence.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

McCleary, Melissa A., and Michael M. Widdersheim. "The Princess and the Poor Self-Image: An Analysis of Newbery Medal Winners for Gender Bias and Female Underrepresentation Leading into the Twenty-First Century." Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice 2, no. 1 (May 2, 2014): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2014.55.

Full text
Abstract:
This study analyzes how 12 recent (2000-2011) Newbery Medal-winning books represent gender. The study counts how many of the books’ characters represent progressive or traditional gender roles, how many male and female characters represent each character category (protagonist, antagonist, major, and minor), how many strong female characters are accepted or rejected by their peers, how many characters hold stereotypical gender beliefs about themselves or their peers, and how many works contain balanced feminist perspectives. The study finds equitable female representation, but the study also finds a bias toward traditional male stereotypes. The results indicate a general acceptance of strong female characters and a balanced representation of females, regardless of a historical fiction classification. These results suggest that characters in Newbery Medal-winning books represent gender more equally and less stereotypically compared to characters in works of earlier decades.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Shepherd, Sue. "Why are there so few female leaders in higher education." Management in Education 31, no. 2 (April 2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020617696631.

Full text
Abstract:
A significant gender imbalance remains at executive management level within higher education despite a number of initiatives to increase the number of women in the leadership pipeline and ensure they are better prepared for these roles. This article presents findings from a recent study on the appointment of deputy and pro vice-chancellors in pre-1992 English universities that provide fresh insights into why this might be the case. These findings challenge the notion of women’s missing agency - characterized by a lack of confidence or ambition and a tendency to opt out of applying for the top jobs – as an explanation for their continued underrepresentation. Rather, they highlight the importance of three structural factors associated with the selection process: mobility and external career capital, conservatism, and homosociability. An approach of ‘fixing’ the women is therefore unlikely to be sufficient in redressing the current gender imbalance within university executive management teams.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Diaz, Eduardo Raúl, and Terri R. Lituchy. "Leader Behavior Expectations from a Gender Perspective: An Extension of the LEAD Study in Mexico." Revista del Centro de Investigación de la Universidad la Salle 13, no. 52 (May 27, 2020): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26457/recein.v13i52.2459.

Full text
Abstract:
The underrepresentation of women in leadership roles in Mexico is well-documented. This quantitative research was designed to measure female and male participant expectations of effective leaders. Podsakoff et al.’s (1990) scale of transformational and transactional leader behaviors was used. Factors analyses and t-tests were conducted. The results suggest that female and male participants attribute similar levels of importance to the role of the leader in inspiring a shared vision among followers. The results also suggest that women in the sample attribute less importance to working across organizational boundaries and setting high performce expectations than men in sample. Limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Shepherd, Michael A. "Effects of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Intonation on Secondary Science Teachers’ Evaluation of Spoken Responses." Urban Education 55, no. 5 (July 18, 2016): 730–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916660346.

Full text
Abstract:
To explore the role of teachers’ biases in the underrepresentation of minorities and women in STEM, 128 secondary science teachers were asked to evaluate responses spoken with either falling or rising intonation by African American, Latino, and White ninth-grade boys and girls. Responses spoken by minority students were evaluated less favorably than identically worded responses spoken by White students, and rising intonation responses were evaluated less favorably than falling intonation responses. Female speakers have been shown to use rising intonation nearly twice as often as male speakers, so this bias against rising intonation responses disproportionately affects female students (an indirect effect of gender).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Humprecht, Edda, and Frank Esser. "A glass ceiling in the online age? Explaining the underrepresentation of women in online political news." European Journal of Communication 32, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117720343.

Full text
Abstract:
In previous decades, women in Western countries have gained more influence in various social realms. The percentage of females in higher education, the workforce, boards at publicly traded companies and national parliaments has increased. However, substantial underrepresentation of women in political news has remained. To explain the reasons behind this gender imbalance in news content, we conducted a content analysis of different types of online news in six Western countries. In our study, we distinguish among three levels of analysis: (1) the story level (frequency and format), (2) the media organization level (popular vs mass and upmarket outlets) and (3) the societal level. The results indicate that female actors are most frequently covered by popular news outlets and are more likely to be depicted in a photograph. Furthermore, strong determinants of continued gender differences in political news were found at the country level. Specifically, coverage increases in countries where gender equality is progressing in major parts of society.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Kane, Mary Jo, and Nicole LaVoi. "An Examination of Intercollegiate Athletic Directors’ Attributions Regarding the Underrepresentation of Female Coaches in Women’s Sports." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 26, no. 1 (April 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2016-0031.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Loder, Elizabeth, and Rebecca Burch. "Underrepresentation of Women Among Authors of Invited Commentaries in Medical Journals—Where Are the Female Editorialists?" JAMA Network Open 2, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): e1913665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13665.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography