Academic literature on the topic 'Female-to-male aggression'
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Journal articles on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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Russell, Gordon W., Veronica E. Horn, and Mary J. Huddle. "MALE RESPONSES TO FEMALE AGGRESSION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.1.51.
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The effects on males (N= 60) of observing fictional aggression were assessed in a between-subjects design. Subjects were randomly assigned to view either a film clip of professional lady wrestlers, a mud wrestling segment or, to a no-film control condition. Both films produced negative changes in mood states, principally an increase in aggression and a decrease in social affection. Exposure to the films failed to produce changes in men's acceptance of interpersonal violence against women, rape myth beliefs or sexual callousness.
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Barber, Michael E., Linda A. Foley, and Russell Jones. "Evaluations of Aggressive Women: The Effects of Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Level of Aggression." Violence and Victims 14, no. 4 (January 1999): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.14.4.353.
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Research finds gender differences in aggression and suggests that female violence is viewed differently from male violence. Participants were 94 female and 38 male students from a mid-size public university in the Southeast. Participants read a mock trial and answered questions about their attitudes concerning an aggressor in the scenario. The study was a 2 (male or female) by 2 (high socioeconomic status or low socioeconomic status) by 2 (verbal aggression or physical aggression) between-subjects factorial design. The participants responded to a revised version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (Nelson, 1988). As hypothesized aggressive women were evaluated more negatively than aggressive men and participants evaluated the female aggressor who used physical aggression more negatively than the female who used verbal aggression. The hypothesis that the female aggressor would be perceived as more in need of counseling than the male aggressor was not supported. Contrary to another hypothesis, respondents did not evaluate higher socioeconomic status aggressors more negatively than those of lower status. As hypothesized people with traditional views of women evaluated the female aggressor more negatively than people with more liberal views of women, and liberal participants evaluated the male and female aggressors similarly. The more negative evaluation of female aggressors and, in particular, females who use physical aggression, may result in unfair treatment of such females. These social biases may cloud perceptions of aggressive females, suggesting that their actions are more inappropriate than those of a male who committed the same act.
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Lie, Gwat-Yong, Rebecca Schilit, Judy Bush, Marilyn Montagne, and Lynn Reyes. "Lesbians in Currently Aggressive Relationships: How Frequently Do They Report Aggressive Past Relationships?" Violence and Victims 6, no. 2 (January 1991): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.2.121.
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Findings are reported from a survey examining the frequency with which women in currently aggressive same-sex relationships also report aggressive past relationships involving female partners, male partners, or members of their family of origin. Particular attention is paid to victims who also used aggression and their perceptions of whether their aggressive behavior was self-defensive or mutually aggressive. Results indicate that about one-fourth of participants had been victims of aggression in current relationships, roughly two-thirds had been victimized by a previous male partner, and almost three-fourths had experienced aggression by a previous female partner. Among those reporting having been both victims and users of aggression, about one-fifth had used aggression in their current relationship, almost one-third used aggression with a previous male partner, and nearly two-thirds had used aggression with a previous female partner. A majority of victims who had also used aggression with a previous male partner characterized this use as self-defense, as compared to only 30% of those who had used aggression with a female partner. Instead, aggression in relationships involving a female partner was most frequently described as mutually aggressive in nature.
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Khan, Alia, Habib Ullah, and Sundus Iftikhar. "GENDER DIFFERENCES AND AGGRESSION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOUNG AND ADULT ATHLETES." JUNE 02, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-01-2021-05-49-53.
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This comparative study was adopted to compare the level of the aggression among young and adult athletes and gender differences in aggression. The subjects were N=120 (Male=66 & Female 54) athletes from the different colleges, universities and sports clubs in Faisalabad, the age range of young athletes 12 to 18 years and adult athletes age between 20 to 30 years part of the sample. Buss & Perry Aggression scale was used to measure aggression and reliability of scale (Cornbrash’s Alpha = 0.814). Results of multivariate analysis of the varia (Independent T-Test) T=9.02 p<0.03 Percent shows the difference between young and adults’ athletes’ aggressive behavior, Male athlete score high on the aggression scale rather than female. There is the significant aggression difference between male and female athletes in sports. Male athletes are more aggressive as compare female athletes (T=9.86, P<0.02) in aggression.
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Crane, Cory A., Stephanie A. Godleski, Sarahmona M. Przybyla, Robert C. Schlauch, and Maria Testa. "The Proximal Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Male-to-Female Aggression." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 17, no. 5 (June 23, 2016): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584374.
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The current meta-analytic review examined the experimental literature to quantify the causal effect of acute alcohol consumption on self-reported and observed indicators of male-to-female general, sexual, and intimate partner aggression. Database and reference list searches yielded 22 studies conducted between 1981 and 2014 that met all criteria for inclusion and that were subjected to full text coding for analysis. Results detected a significant overall effect ( d = .36), indicating that male participants who consumed alcohol evidenced greater aggressive behavior toward females while completing a subsequent laboratory aggression paradigm than male participants who received no alcohol. We found homogeneity across all categories of potential moderator variables. Results further indicated that alcohol resulted in comparable increases of male-to-female sexual ( d = .32) and intimate partner ( d = .45) aggression. Further research is required to draw meaningful conclusions about individual and situational factors that may interact with acute alcohol consumption to produce the highest levels of risk.
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Kuester, Jutta, and Andreas Paul. "Female-Female Competition and Male Mate Choice in Barbary Macaques (Macaca Sylvanus)." Behaviour 133, no. 9-10 (1996): 763–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00468.
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AbstractDue to a strong breeding synchronization, the Barbary macaque is a likely candidate for female competition for access to mates, female reproductive suppression, and male mate choice. The present study evaluated the significance of these factors for the mating system of this species. Female competition was analysed from focal observations of 19 out of 59 potentially reproductive females in their conception period. Ad libitum recorded sexual interactions of all animals were used for an analysis of male mate choice. The focal females were aggressive towards females once per 6.1 h and received aggression from females once per 3.8 h. However, they were three times more frequently the target of male aggression (once per 1.2 h), whereby the aggressor was often the momentary sexual partner. Rate of aggression received from males and females was not related with female rank. Females of all cycle stages disturbed sexual contacts, whereby the intruder was dominant to the target in most episodes (86 out of 100). Intruders more attractive than their targets were most successful in terminating the sexual association of their target, but success of intrusions was low and not related with female rank. The intruder copulated with the former partner of her target in only 5 intrusion episodes. Rate and date of conception and infant survival was not related with female rank, indicating that aggression against females during the conception period and intrusions into sexual contacts did not impair reproduction. Therefore, female
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Golobinek, Rok, Matjaž Gregorič, and Simona Kralj-Fišer. "Body Size, Not Personality, Explains Both Male Mating Success and Sexual Cannibalism in a Widow Spider." Biology 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030189.
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Theory suggests that consistent individual variation in behavior relates to fitness, but few studies have empirically examined the role of personalities in mate choice, male-male competition and reproductive success. We observed the Mediterranean black widow, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, in the individual and mating context, to test how body size measures and two functionally important aggressive behaviors, i.e., male aggression towards rivals and female voracity towards prey, affect mating behaviors, mating success and sexual cannibalism. We specifically selected voracity towards prey in females to test the “aggressive spillover hypothesis”, suggesting that more voracious females are more sexually cannibalistic. Both females and males exhibit consistent individual differences in the examined aggressive behaviors. While larger males win contests more often and achieve more copulations, neither male nor female size measures correlate to aggression. Female voracity does not correlate with aggression towards mates and sexual cannibalism, rejecting the “spillover hypothesis”. However, occurrence of sexual cannibalism positively relates to longer insertion duration. Furthermore, the smaller the ratio between male and female body length the more likely a female attacked and cannibalized a mate. We show that individual variation in aggression levels plays no direct role in the mating behavior of the Mediterranean black widow. Instead, body size affects male mating success and occurrences of sexual cannibalism in females.
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Bokhan, N., A. Abolonin, and I. Nazarova. "Aggression as risk factor of delinquent behaviour (gender aspect)." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.120.
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In many studies it is noted that common traits of aggressive adolescents are frustration, dissatisfaction with social environment; emotional coarseness, hostility against people around. Substance abuse leads to restructuring the motifs and gender roles. Heightened aggression of offenders as compared with common people is noted.ObjectiveTo study characteristics of aggression of male and female offenders with substance dependence.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty-five male and 110 female adolescents abusing psychoactive substances and serving their sentence were examined. “Hand-test” and Buss-Durkee questionnaire were used in this study.ResultsDuring comparison of number of offences committed by male and female adolescents, it was revealed that male adolescents commit significantly more crimes against life and female adolescents more crimes against property. Conducted analysis showed high level of aggressive and hostile reactions in this sample, indices of female adolescents (13.7 ± 2.95 and 27.6 ± 5.5) are significantly higher (P < 0.05), than in male adolescents (8.6 ± 2.8 and 23.6 ± 5.3). Significant correlations between level of aggression in female adolescents and beginning of substance use were revealed (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). In male adolescents, long-term substance use correlated with increase in level of physical aggression and tendency to manipulative behaviour (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). In male adolescents, high potential of adjustability, use of communication for self-assertion and achievement of goals, low level of attachment were revealed. Female adolescents are more aggressive in contacts, build relationships according to type of control-submission.DiscussionConducted study allowed revealing gender traits of juvenile offenders influencing the structure of aggressive behaviour, allowing the broadening the understanding of mechanisms of aggressive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Grant, James W. A., and Patricia E. Foam. "Effect of operational sex ratio on femalefemale versus malemale competitive aggression." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-217.
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We compared the patterns of femalefemale and malemale competition in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in response to changes in the operational sex ratio (OSR), the ratio of sexually active members of one sex to sexually active members of the opposite sex. As expected, courtship behaviour and intrasexual aggression were more frequent in males than in females. However, the overall patterns of femalefemale and malemale aggression were similar: intrasexual aggression increased with the OSR (female/male OSR for females and male/female OSR for males), consistent with predictions of mating-systems theory. A comparative analysis of our data and those from three other studies indicated that the rate of intrasexual aggression was greater in males than in females, but the patterns of intrasexual aggression were similar: the rate increased linearly and with a common slope with increasing OSR over a range of 0.43.
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Sternalski, Audrey, François Mougeot, and Vincent Bretagnolle. "Adaptive significance of permanent female mimicry in a bird of prey." Biology Letters 8, no. 2 (November 9, 2011): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0914.
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Permanent female mimicry, in which adult males express a female phenotype, is known only from two bird species. A likely benefit of female mimicry is reduced intrasexual competition, allowing female-like males to access breeding resources while avoiding costly fights with typical territorial males. We tested this hypothesis in a population of marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus in which approximately 40 per cent of sexually mature males exhibit a permanent, i.e. lifelong, female plumage phenotype. Using simulated territorial intrusions, we measured aggressive responses of breeding males towards conspecific decoys of females, female-like males and typical males. We show that aggressive responses varied with both the type of decoys and the type of defending male. Typical males were aggressive towards typical male decoys more than they were towards female-like male decoys; female-like male decoys were attacked at a rate similar to that of female decoys. By contrast, female-like males tolerated male decoys (both typical and female-like) and directed their aggression towards female decoys. Thus, agonistic responses were intrasexual in typical males but intersexual in female-like males, indicating that the latter not only look like females but also behave like them when defending breeding resources. When intrasexual aggression is high, permanent female mimicry is arguably adaptive and could be seen as a permanent ‘non-aggression pact’ with other males.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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O'Rourke, Patricia, and n/a. "Fire and Ice: Partner Aggression and Withdrawal." Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070723.095445.
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Family-of-origin aggression (FOOA) is an established risk factor for adult partner aggression. The research presented in this thesis tested a model proposing that (FOOA) is mediated through attachment and attributions to influence male and female partner aggression and withdrawal in early stage couple relationships. Study 1 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression in a sample of 73 newlywed couples. FOOA was associated with male-to-female aggression, but not female-to-male aggression. Therefore the hypothesis that the influence of FOOA on partner aggression was mediated through attachment and attributions was tested only for men. Attachment was significantly associated with attributions, but there was no association between FOOA and attachment or between attributions and male partner aggression. Study 2 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression and withdrawal in a sample of 101 dating couples. Structural equation model analyses found different results for men and women. For male partner aggression, the influence of FOOA was partially mediated through attachment and attributions. For male withdrawal, the influence of FOOA on withdrawal was fully mediated through attachment and attributions. The association between FOOA and withdrawal was also mediated through attachment independent of attributions, and through attributions independent of attachment. For female partner aggression and female withdrawal, the predicted associations were found for the attachment anxiety models but not for the attachment avoidance models. The current findings suggest that attachment and attributions should be intervention targets for improving relationship outcomes. The gender differences in model fit emphasise the importance of investigating risk factors for partner aggression and withdrawal separately for men and women.
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O'Rourke, Patricia. "Fire and Ice: Partner Aggression and Withdrawal." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366186.
Full textAbstract:
Family-of-origin aggression (FOOA) is an established risk factor for adult partner aggression. The research presented in this thesis tested a model proposing that (FOOA) is mediated through attachment and attributions to influence male and female partner aggression and withdrawal in early stage couple relationships. Study 1 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression in a sample of 73 newlywed couples. FOOA was associated with male-to-female aggression, but not female-to-male aggression. Therefore the hypothesis that the influence of FOOA on partner aggression was mediated through attachment and attributions was tested only for men. Attachment was significantly associated with attributions, but there was no association between FOOA and attachment or between attributions and male partner aggression. Study 2 tested the influence of FOOA, attachment, and attributions on partner aggression and withdrawal in a sample of 101 dating couples. Structural equation model analyses found different results for men and women. For male partner aggression, the influence of FOOA was partially mediated through attachment and attributions. For male withdrawal, the influence of FOOA on withdrawal was fully mediated through attachment and attributions. The association between FOOA and withdrawal was also mediated through attachment independent of attributions, and through attributions independent of attachment. For female partner aggression and female withdrawal, the predicted associations were found for the attachment anxiety models but not for the attachment avoidance models. The current findings suggest that attachment and attributions should be intervention targets for improving relationship outcomes. The gender differences in model fit emphasise the importance of investigating risk factors for partner aggression and withdrawal separately for men and women.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Faculty of Health
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Bokides, Dessa A. "The Influence of Female Movement in Response to Male Aggression in a Coercive Mating System." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306433175.
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Clark, Lia. "Competitive aggression in male and female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in relation to the operational sex resource ratio." Thesis, 2009. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976647/1/MR63260.pdf.
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Because of the fundamental asymmetry between the sexes, males typically compete for access to females. Hence, most studies on intra-sexual mating aggression have focused only on males, and have shown increasing aggression with increasing operational sex ratio (OSR). However, one study documented a "dome-shaped" relationship between aggression and OSR, presumably because aggression became ineffective at high competitor densities as predicted by resource defence theory. The few studies that have investigated female intra-sexual aggression have used only a narrow range of OSR. The purpose of my study was to investigate the patterns of both male and female mating aggression over a broad range of OSR. I also compared how females competed for two different resources, food and mates. Male and female aggression initially increasing with OSR, peaked and then levelled off. For a given value of OSR, however, the rate of male aggression was higher than female aggression. The rate of male aggression was consistent with a dome-shaped pattern, whereas the rate of female aggression did not decrease at high levels of OSR. In contrast, courtship rates for both males and females decreased with increasing OSR in a linear manner. The pattern of male and female intra-sexual aggression were broadly consistent with the predictions of resource defence theory.
Books on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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Walker, Kara, and Brian Hare. Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead to reduced male aggression? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198728511.003.0004.
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The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3) mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary findings provide initial support that the bonobo social system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively protecting offspring against consequences of male aggression. Le style de dominance des bonobos présente un puzzle évolutionnaire. Les bonobos ne sont pas dominés par les mâles mais les bonobos femelles ne montrent pas les traits caractéristiques d’une espèce dominée par femelles. On propose l’hypothèse de dominance de progéniture (ODH) comme une solution potentielle. La ODH suggère que le système social des bonobos a évolué en défense contre l’infanticide et pas sous pression pour la monopolisation des ressources. Les femelles qui préviennent l’agression vers leur progéniture et leur préférence d’accouplement avec des mâles moins agressives étaient très efficaces. À l’appui de la ODH on a trouvé pendant nos observations à Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary que: 1) les mâles adultes bonobos agressent rarement vers les bébés avec mères, 2) quelques adolescents bonobos qui furent élevés par leurs mères atteignent un rang plus haut que les mâles adultes et 3) la progéniture élevée par la mère interagissent avec avec d’adultes mâles sans la présence de leur mère. Ces trouvailles préliminaires donnent appuie à l’hypothèse que le système social des bonobos a évolué par les avantages corporelles de la protection de la progéniture contre les conséquences de l’agression mâle.
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Schlupp, Ingo. Male Choice, Female Competition, and Female Ornaments in Sexual Selection. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818946.001.0001.
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When Darwin first proposed sexual selection theory he suggested two mechanisms: competition among males and choice by females. There is no doubt that these mechanisms are immensely important, but their mirror images have been largely underappreciated so far. In fact, males choose as well and females compete. Males choose based on female quality, often selecting mating partners that are more fecund. But male choice is also associated with changes in the sex ratio of a population and males can be choosy when they are rare. Furthermore, males sometimes invest heavily into reproduction and that too can be associated with male choice. That females compete with another, although less often with open aggression, is another understudied phenomenon. Finally, we now know that females are often ornamented, but are these ornaments under sexual selection by males? This book tries to review what we know and point to what we don’t know while pointing out the connections between male mate choice and female competition for a more complete view of sexual selection.
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Salmon, Catherine A. Is Female Competition at the Heart of Reproductive Suppression and Eating Disorders? Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.26.
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This chapter examines the role of female competition in reproductive suppression in humans and other species. Most research on same-sex competition has focused on the showy, often violent aggression typically seen in male–male competition. Competition between females has been less studied for a variety of reasons, from the fact that many researchers have been male and focused on their own competitive arena to the fact that female competition is often more subtle, difficult to observe, and thus more challenging to study. Two aspects of female competition, competition for status or dominance and competition for mates, are part of the focus of this chapter. The other focus is the possible role that female competition plays in reproductive suppression, whether that suppression is self-induced or imposed by others. One modern outcome of the mismatch between a once-adaptive response to female competition and the modern environment is extreme dieting behavior.
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Vaillancourt, Tracy, and Jaimie Arona Krems. An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective of Indirect Aggression in Girls and Women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0008.
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Although the effects of sexual selection on male mating competition and intrasexual aggression have been studied extensively for well over a century, female mating competition and intrasexual aggression have only begun to receive serious attention in recent decades. Here, we focus on one aspect of sexually selected competition in girls and women—rival derogation, which takes the form of indirect aggression. We argue that this tactic of intrasexual competition both reduces a rival’s ability to compete for desirable mates and helps aggressors achieve and maintain their own high social status. We further argue that physical attractiveness initiates the pathway leading to high social status, which is preserved through the use of indirect aggression and is associated with increased dating and sexual behavior.
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Hess, Nicole H. Informational Warfare. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.15.
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Evolutionary scholars often emphasize the strategic benefits of coalitions in male aggression and warfare. Evolutionary theories of human female coalitions, however, have not recognized any competitive function for coalitional behavior and instead emphasize mutual nurturing and help with child care. This focus is despite the fact that a significant body of research has shown that coalitions in nonhuman female primates do serve competitive functions. This essay argues that coalitional relationships among human females—like those among human males and those among female nonhuman primates—serve aggressive functions in reputational competition. It further argues that, for either sex, competition via gossip and coalitional gossip is usually a better strategy than physical aggression when it comes to within-group competition. Finally, the essay proposes that, because human females might face more within-group competition than human males, women and girls might engage in more gossip than men and boys.
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Arnocky, Steven, and Tracy Vaillancourt. Sexual Competition among Women. Edited by Maryanne L. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.3.
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Darwin (1871) observed in his theory of evolution by means of sexual selection that “it is the males who fight together and sedulously display their charms before the female” (p. 272). Researchers examining intrasexual competition have since focused disproportionately on male competition for mates, with female competition receiving far less attention. In this chapter, we review evidence that women do indeed compete with one another to secure and maintain reproductive benefits. We begin with an overview of the evolutionary theory of competition among women, with a focus on biparental care and individual differences in men’s mate value. We discuss why competition among women is characteristically different from that of men and highlight evidence supporting women’s use of epigamic display of physical attractiveness characteristics and indirect aggression toward same-sex peers and opposite-sex romantic partners as sexually competitive tactics. Finally, individual differences in competition among women are discussed.
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Rosenberg, Michael. Signs of Virginity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.001.0001.
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The notion that bleeding “should” accompany the “loss” of female virginity—a mode of thinking about virginity that encourages male sexual aggression—is so widespread that it is often taken for granted. Yet, Michael Rosenberg argues in Signs of Virginity that this idea is a specific product of Deut. 22:13–21. Deuteronomy’s violent virginity has held sway in Jewish and Christian circles more or less ever since, but Rosenberg points to two writers—Augustine of Hippo and the rabbinic collective that produced the Babylonian Talmud—who, even as they perpetuate patriarchal assumptions about female virginity, nonetheless attempt to subvert the emphasis on dominance bequeathed to them by Deuteronomy. Unlike the authors of earlier Rabbinic and Christian texts, who modified but fundamentally maintained and even extended the Deuteronomic ideal, the Babylonian Talmud and Augustine both construct alternative models of female virginity that, if taken seriously, would utterly reverse cultural ideals of masculinity, encouraging men to be gentle, rather that brutal, in their sexual behavior. Indeed, this vision of masculinity as fundamentally gentle fits into the broader idealization of masculinity propagated by both the Babylonian Talmud’s authors and Augustine, who reject what the latter called a “lust for dominance” as a masculine ideal.
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Mills, M. G. L., and M. E. J. Mills. The mating system. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0012.
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Coalition formation in the cheetah is considered to enhance male reproductive success, although no evidence to support this was gleaned in this study. Females advertised oestrus by spray-urinating and often undertook extensive movements at this time. Additionally some evidence for mating rendezvous areas was obtained. Male cheetahs sometimes vocalized extensively when an oestrus female was in the vicinity, although females were not seen to respond. After coming together few copulations occur and often the female resented the presence of the male. Multiple paternities, but never from males of the same coalition, were found in 29% of litters. Interactions between males over oestrus females from different groups were often aggressive. DNA analyses of paternity revealed that successful mating was not skewed to a small number of males, and that single males sired relatively as many cubs as coalition males. Phylogenetic inertia may drive sociality in male cheetahs and other felids.
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Esteban-Salvador, Maria Luisa, ed. The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Per- pectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS). 14th to the 16th of july 2021 . Book of abstracts. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-32-0.
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The International Conference on Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Equality and Diversity in Sports (ICMPEDS) is organized by GESPORT with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union from the 14th to the 16th of July 2021. The conference is an excellent forum for academics, researchers, practitioners, athletes, man- agers and professionals of federations, associations and sport organizations, and those other- wise involved in sport to share and exchange ideas in different areas of sport related equality worldwide. We will keep you informed by email and post the latest information on this matter on the GESPORT website and social media. Sport and its management continues to be a field where men and masculinity strongly prevail. This conference aims to investigate the complexities attached to the following questions: What does gender openness mean in the context of sport in the 21st century? What persists as gen- der closure in the same context? What are the gender cultures that signify sport continuing to be defined by regimes that resort to a dominant masculinity embodied in a strong and athletic male body? Moreover, and albeit some exceptions, athletes, practitioners, decision and policy makers, and sports spectators are predominantly men. In this sense, gender discrimination and segregation are present in multiple aspects of sport. Some illustrations include: a) male athletes have high salaries, more career opportunities, and get more recognition by society than female athletes; b) management and leadership positions in sports organizations are mainly occupied by men, including in sports traditionally considered as feminine and which have become feminised (e.g. gymnastics and dance); c) masculinised sports and its male athletes have much more attention and recognition from the media than female athletes; d) sports journalism continues to be predominantly produced and managed by men; e) some sports spectatorships cultures are marked by rituals and interactions that resort to masculine tribalism, often leading to aggressive and violent behaviours. Gender discrimination in sport is somehow socially normalised and accepted through a dis- course that essentialises the embodied sexual differences between genders. This gender dis- course legitimises the exclusion of women in some sports modalities and traps female bodies in sociocultural constructions as less able to exercise and engage in sport, or as the second and weaker version of the ideal masculine body. However, there are signs that the context of sport may be changing. The European Union and some national governments have made an effort to promote gender equality and diversity by fostering the adoption of gender equality codes/policies in different modalities and in in- ternational and local sports organizations. These new policies aim to increase female partic- ipation and recognition in sport, their access to leadership positions and involvement in the decision-making in sport structures. Additionally, the number of women practising non-com- petitive sport and as sports spectators have started growing, leading to new representations of sport and challenging the role of women in such a context. Finally, different body constructions and the emergence of alternative embodied femininities and masculinities are also challeng- ing how athletes of both genders experience their bodies and sports practice. Yet, research is scarce about the impact of these changes/challenges in the sports context. This conference will focus on mapping gender relations in sport and its management by taking into account the different modalities, contexts, institutional policies, organizational structures and actors (e.g. athletes, spectators, media professionals, sport decision makers and man- agers). It will treat sport and its management as one avenue where gender segregation and inequality occurs, but also adopt such as a space that presents an opportunity for change and does so as a widely applicable topic whose traits and culture are reflected in organizations and work more broadly. In this sense, the conference is interested in theoretical and empirical research work that may explore, but are not limited to the following issues: • Women representativeness in sports modalities and in sport organizational structures in different countries; • Women and management accounting in sport organizations; • The gender regimes that (re)produce different sports policies, modalities, and institu- tions in sport; • The stories of resistance/conformity of women that already occupy different roles in sport contexts; • The challenges and impact of conventional and new body representations in sports institutions and including athletes of both genders; • The discourses of masculinities in sport and its effect on women and men athletes; • The emergence of nationalism and populist discourses in political and governments states and their impact on the (re)shaping of masculinity and femininity constructions in sport; • The gendered transformations of the spectators’ gaze in what concerns different sports modalities; • The effects of new groups of sports spectators on gender relations in sport; • The discourses in media and its participation in the sports gender (in)equality; • The impact of new technologies, and new practices of training/coaching in the body- work and identities of athletes of both genders.
Book chapters on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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Urhan, Osman Barış, and Bozkurt Koç. "Metamorphosis of the Narrative." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 181–97. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4903-2.ch011.
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In this study, the role of psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism on aggression were examined. In the research, personal information form, psychological commitment to the team scale, fanaticism scale for football fans, and aggression inventory were applied to the participants. This study was conducted with 336 volunteer participants between the ages of 18-60. The independent groups t-test and Spearman Rho correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that as the psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism levels increase, the aggression level increases. In addition, it is seen that the aggression levels of male participants are higher than female participants. It is thought that the research findings will contribute to the development of policies to be created to prevent aggression in sports.
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Urhan, Osman Barış, and Bozkurt Koç. "Metamorphosis of the Narrative." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 181–97. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4903-2.ch011.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the role of psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism on aggression were examined. In the research, personal information form, psychological commitment to the team scale, fanaticism scale for football fans, and aggression inventory were applied to the participants. This study was conducted with 336 volunteer participants between the ages of 18-60. The independent groups t-test and Spearman Rho correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that as the psychological commitment to the team and fanaticism levels increase, the aggression level increases. In addition, it is seen that the aggression levels of male participants are higher than female participants. It is thought that the research findings will contribute to the development of policies to be created to prevent aggression in sports.
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Radu, Monica Bixby, and Alexandria L. Rook. "How Theoretical Frameworks Inform the Understanding of the Relationship Between Gender and Cyberbullying." In Research Anthology on Combating Cyber-Aggression and Online Negativity, 231–42. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5594-4.ch014.
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Over the past two decades, bullying has received a lot of negative attention, with educators, parents, and youths expressing concerns regarding bullying at schools. However, bullying also occurs outside of schools, and the internet provides a platform that allows bullying to extend beyond the traditional school day. Scholars identify this form of bullying as cyberbullying. Research regarding the relationship between gender and cyberbullying remains unclear. Therefore, using an interdisciplinary approach, this chapter examines gender differences in cyberbullying. Merging theoretical insights from criminology, sociology, and gender studies, this chapter explores how male and female youths utilize the internet to engage in cyberbullying. This chapter also considers the implications of gender differences in cyberbullying for future research and policy development.
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Király, Hajnal. "Women on the Road: Representing Female Mobility in Contemporary Hungarian–Romanian Co-productions." In Journeys on Screen, 147–64. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474421836.003.0010.
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Despite their stylistic differences, contemporary Hungarian and Romanian films show a striking similarity in representing aborted, delayed, interrupted journeys, often culminating in situations of entrapment. The three analysed films - Iszka's Journey (Csaba Bollók, 2007), Katalin Varga (Peter Strickland, 2009) and Bibliothèque Pascal (Szabolcs Hajdu, 2010) - represent the incomplete, fragmented journeys of female protagonists of different ages, thus constituting a coherent, representative narrative of a quest for a home, endangered by (male) trahison and physical or psychological aggression. All three films are Hungarian-Romanian co-productions, an aspect which opens the topic of mobility out to new figurative, meta-narrative interpretations of the fims’ heterotopia, of the limits and limitations of intercultural exchange. Following an overview of central heterotopias the chapter performs a typology of these female travellers, with the aim to deconstruct (Western) cultural stereotypes related to (Eastern) female mobility.
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Khaled, Mohammed Soleiman Bani, and Omar Atallah Al-Adamat. "Cyberbullying Among Adolescent Students in Light of Some Demographic Variables." In Research Anthology on Combating Cyber-Aggression and Online Negativity, 1388–400. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5594-4.ch070.
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This study aims to identify the level of cyberbullying among a sample consisting of teenager students in the city of Mafraq in Jordan. It also aims to identify the differences at the level of cyberbullying in terms of gender, educational level, and academic achievement. The sample of the study was composed of 160 male and female students randomly selected from four schools of the education directorate in the northeast desert in 2020. Cyberbullying scale was employed in this research. The results revealed that the level of cyberbullying among adolescent students was moderate. Findings also suggested that there are differences at the level of cyberbullying between students in terms of gender, educational level, and academic achievement. In addition, the results suggested differences between the participants attributed to the interaction between gender and academic achievement and the interaction between educational level and academic achievement.
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Berner, Wolfgang, Peer Briken, Andreas Hill, and Safiye Tozdan. "Female Sexual Offenders." In Sex Offenders, edited by Fabian M. Saleh, John M. Bradford, and Daniel J. Brodsky, 434–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884369.003.0020.
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About 1% of sentenced sexual offenders are female. Investigations on victims of child molestation reveal at least a participation of female perpetrators in one-fourth of cases of male victims and in 13% of female victims. The spectrum of offenses of female offenders reaches from minor forms of indecency, exhibitionism, different forms of child molestation, and incest to all forms of aggressive acts, including rape and murder. Male and female children are the most prominent victims. In a high percentage of offenses, the female offender acts together with a male accomplice. Only in rare cases is the diagnosis of paraphilia reported; far more frequent are different forms of depression, alcohol and drug abuse, and personality disorders (borderline, antisocial, dependent). Most authors agree that a high percentage (more than 50%) of female sexual offenders were themselves victims of sexual and/or physical abuse. Conflicts with the mother and resulting problems with women—especially mother identity—are reported by psychodynamic-oriented authors. Only a few case reports exist on effective medical treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antiandrogens. A carefully differentiated psychotherapeutic treatment program, including group, individual, and social therapeutic strategies, should take into consideration the good lives model (GLM), but also specific factors of female offending: The importance of female identity problems, the higher importance of relationship aspects, and the victim–victimizer circle.
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Thomas, Ursula C., and Karen W. Carter. "Claws and All." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education, 122–43. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch006.
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Understanding why women are underrepresented in various levels of higher education leadership fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, higher education professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women of color are not successful or are experiencing difficulty in higher education leadership professions are many and diverse. This chapter seeks to examine the discourse of Black female leaders in a predominantly White institution. The chapter will focus on types of management and communication styles that are disruptive to women of color in leadership as they lead without readily identified support in upper division administration.
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Cabras, Cristina, Maria Laura Cubadda, and Cristina Sechi. "Relationships Among Violent and Non-Violent Video Games, Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Aggression in Female and Male Gamers." In Research Anthology on Game Design, Development, Usage, and Social Impact, 1735–55. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7589-8.ch084.
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This study examines the differences in anxiety, self-esteem, and aggression levels between players of violent and non-violent video game and its connection to gender and age. This survey-based research utilizes survey data from 851 video gamers. The study included 61% men and 39% women. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 45. Participants were administered an anonymous survey including demographics, a questionnaire for video game habits, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, a state anxiety inventory (STAI-S), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results revealed significant differences between males and females, as well as between younger and older gamers. Despite the majority of research showing a positive relationship between violent video game exposure and aggression levels, the results suggest that of the preference for a violent video game over a non-violent one is not, in itself, a cause for increased anxiety, self-esteem, and aggression levels.
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Panoussi, Vassiliki. "From Adultery to Incest." In Complex Inferiorities, 205–24. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814061.003.0012.
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This chapter continues the investigation of rhetorical maneuvers clustering around social and amorous hierarchies in the fraught sphere of sexual agency by studying the trope of the sexually aggressive older female preying on a younger man in Tacitus’ Annals. On the basis of a detailed examination of the portrayal of Messalina and Agrippina, it argues that it is precisely the recognizable rhetoricity and artificiality in the deployment of this trope, here dramatized through rich intertextual echoes and connections (notably Vergil’s Aeneid and Euripides’ Bacchae), which narratively undercuts any unambiguous condemnation of female superiority over male inferiority, disrupts any simple re-assertion of traditional Roman gender hierarchies, and opens up the text to alternative interpretations beyond the reach of the narrator’s authority.
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Brown, Karen H. "From PWI to HBCU." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education, 53–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch003.
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Using critical race theory and Freire's theoretical framework of oppression as a guide, this chapter discusses institutionalized oppression through the lens of the chapter's author. She provides a collection of lived experiences in the form of short narratives. These narratives begin with the author's experiences as a Black student at predominantly White institutions (PWIs). The author describes many firsts—the first time she was referred to by a White male classmate as a beneficiary of Affirmative Action as the reason for admission into college and not by her merit, experienced low expectations of her academic ability, was called the N-word, and her first encounter with racial profiling. She then details personal accounts of navigating academia as a Black female faculty member in predominantly White institutions (PWIs), Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), as well as other organizations. Freire's theoretical framework on oppression guides her reflection and discussion of these Black-on-Black encounters. She ends the chapter with a discussion of actions taken.
Conference papers on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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Alhajyaseen, Wael, Chantal Timmermans, Abdrabo Soliman, Tom Brijs, Khaled Bedair, Veerle Ross, and Wondwesen Girma Mamo. "Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Driving among Drivers in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0090.
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This study aims to investigate the impact of ADHD traits on young drivers’ deviant driving behaviors that may contribute to their involvement in traffic crashes. Methods: A sample of 450 young drivers from the State of Qatar were asked to fill the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, in order to examine the impact of self-reported ADHD traits on ordinary violations, driving errors, lapses and aggressive violations. A path analysis model was developed to test the predictability of these ADHD traits on deviant driving behaviours. Results: Male drivers with hyperactivity-impulsivity traits are significantly more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. In contrast, female drivers with inattention traits are more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. The inattention trait has a minor predictive role for young male drivers and is not significantly related to aggressive violations. Female drivers’ aggressive violations are not predicted by the hyperactivity-impulsivity trait, but the inattention traits among those drivers are the strongest predictor of aggressive violations. Conclusion: Theses results have practical implication regarding creating inclusion environment to trainee drivers with ADHD in driving school. This can be achieved by developing special driving training and education programs.
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Marsh, Cecille. "Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3248.
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Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?
Reports on the topic "Female-to-male aggression"
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., and Raghuveer Gouribhatla. Drivers’ Response to Scenarios when Driving Connected and Automated Vehicles Compared to Vehicles with and without Driver Assist Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1944.
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Traffic related crashes cause more than 38,000 fatalities every year in the United States. They are the leading cause of death among drivers up to 54 years in age and incur $871 million in losses each year. Driver errors contribute to about 94% of these crashes. In response, automotive companies have been developing vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that aid in various driving tasks. These features are aimed at enhancing safety by either warning drivers of a potential hazard or picking up certain driving maneuvers like maintaining the lane. These features are already part of vehicles with Driver Assistance Technology, and they are vital for successful deployment of connected and automated vehicles in the near future. However, drivers' responses to driving vehicles with advanced features have been meagerly explored. This research evaluates driver participants' response to scenarios when driving connected and automated vehicles compared to vehicles with and without Driver Assistance Technology. The research developed rural, urban, and freeway driving scenarios in a driver simulator and tested on participants sixteen years to sixty-five years old. The research team explored two types of advanced features by categorizing them into warnings and automated features. The results show that the advanced features affected driving behavior by making driver participants less aggressive and harmonizing the driving environment. This research also discovered that the type of driving scenario influences the effect of advanced features on driver behavior. Additionally, aggressive driving behavior was observed most in male participants and during nighttime conditions. Rainy conditions and female participants were associated with less aggressive driving behavior. The findings from this research help to assess driver behavior when driving vehicles with advanced features. They can be inputted into microsimulation software to model the effect of vehicles with advanced features on the performance of transportation systems, advancing technology that could eventually save millions of dollars and thousands of lives.