Relevant bibliographies by topics / Female preference

Academic literature on the topic 'Female preference'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Female preference"

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Tudor, Scarlett, and Molly Morris. "Variation in male mate preference for female size in the swordtail Xiphophorus malinche." Behaviour 146, no. 6 (2009): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x446172.

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AbstractMale and female mate preferences have the potential to influence one another, and such interactions could help explain variation in female mate preferences. In Xiphophorus malinche, larger females prefer asymmetrical males while smaller females prefer symmetrical males. We used a two-part preference test to determine if there were differences in mate preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical males for female size that could influence female mate preference. We found no significant difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical male's preferences. A preference for large female size was detected during the time males directly interacted with females and in standard dichotomous choice tests that followed, as long as the males had been isolated less than 30 days. We did detect variation in male preference for female size depending on male size and the amount of time a male was isolated. These results suggest that variation in male mate preference is not likely to have produced the difference in female preference for symmetry between large and small females, but should be considered where females vary in their preference for male size. In addition, our results suggest that males may shift their preferences from large to small females depending on time since last mating opportunity.
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Jonnalagadda, Satya S., Paula J. Ziegler, and Judy A. Nelson. "Food Preferences, Dieting Behaviors, and Body Image Perceptions of Elite Figure Skaters." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 14, no. 5 (October 2004): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.594.

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The objectives of this study were to determine food preferences, body image perceptions, dieting behaviors, and nutrient intakes of elite male and female figure skaters. Male (n = 23) and female (n = 26) figure skaters completed a food preference checklist, a questionnaire examining their demographics, dieting behaviors and body image perceptions, and 3-d food records. Male skaters had a higher preference (score ≥ 6) for grains, fruit, meat, dairy, fats, and sweets. Female skaters had higher preference for grains and fruits. Of the female skaters, 30% considered themselves overweight and indicated a preference for a thinner body contour. Both male and female skaters expressed a preference for leaner body contours for members of the opposite gender. Total energy intake, total fat (females) and dietary fiber were below the dietary recommendations. Vitamin E, vitamin D, folate (females), pantothenic acid (females), calcium (females), magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus (females) were less than two-thirds of the dietary recommendations. Macronutrient intake of male skaters was associated with preferences for the grain group, although no association was observed among female skaters. Results suggest that these behaviors and attitudes need to be assessed and addressed among figure skaters, given their impact on dietary intakes and overall well-being.
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Gray, D. A., E. Gabel, T. Blankers, and R. M. Hennig. "Multivariate female preference tests reveal latent perceptual biases." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1842 (November 16, 2016): 20161972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1972.

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The question of why males of many species produce elaborate mating displays has now been largely resolved: females prefer to mate with males that produce such displays. However, the question of why females prefer such displays has been controversial, with an emerging consensus that such displays often provide information to females about the direct fitness benefits that males provide to females and/or the indirect fitness benefits provided to offspring. Alternative explanations, such as production of arbitrarily attractive sons or innate pre-existing female sensory or perceptual bias, have also received support in certain taxa. Here, we describe multivariate female preference functions for male acoustic traits in two chirping species of field crickets with slow pulse rates; our data reveal cryptic female preferences for long trills that have not previously been observed in other chirping species. The trill preferences are evolutionarily pre-existing in the sense that males have not (yet?) exploited them, and they coexist with chirp preferences as alternative stable states within female song preference space. We discuss escape from neuronal adaptation as a possible mechanism underlying such latent preferences.
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Schneeberger, Karin, Michael Schulze, Ingo Scheffler, and Barbara A. Caspers. "Evidence of female preference for odor of distant over local males in a bat with female dispersal." Behavioral Ecology 32, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab003.

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Abstract Geographic variation of sexually selected male traits is common in animals. Female choice also varies geographically and several studies found female preference for local males, which is assumed to lead to local adaptation and, therefore, increases fitness. As females are the nondispersing sex in most mammalian taxa, this preference for local males might be explained by the learning of male characteristics. Studies on the preference of females in female-dispersing species are lacking so far. To find out whether such females would also show preferences for local males, we conducted a study on greater sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx bilineata), a species where females disperse and males stay in their natal colony. Male greater sac-winged bats possess a wing pouch that is filled with odoriferous secretion and fanned toward females during courtship display. In a combination of chemical analysis and behavioral preference tests, we analyzed whether the composition of wing sac secretion varies between two geographically distinct populations (300 km), and whether females show a preference for local or distant male scent. Using gas chromatography, we found significant differences in the composition of the wing sac odors between the two geographically distinct populations. In addition, the behavioral preference experiments revealed that females of both populations preferred the scent of geographically distant males over local males. The wing sac odor might thus be used to guarantee optimal outbreeding when dispersing to a new colony. This is—to our knowledge—the first study on odor preference of females of a species with female-biased dispersal.
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Moehring, Amanda J., and Janette W. Boughman. "Veiled preferences and cryptic female choice could underlie the origin of novel sexual traits." Biology Letters 15, no. 2 (February 2019): 20180878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0878.

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Males in many species have elaborated sexual traits that females strongly prefer, and these traits often conspicuously differ among species. How novel preferences and traits originate, however, is a challenging evolutionary problem because the initial appearance of only the female preference or only the male trait should reduce the ability to find a suitable mate, which could reduce fitness for individuals possessing those novel alleles. Here, we present a hypothesis for how novel preferences, as well as the novel male traits that females prefer, can originate, be favoured and spread in polyandrous species. Novel preference mutations can arise as ‘veiled preferences’ that are not expressed when the corresponding male trait is not present in the population, allowing preferences to be hidden from selection, and thus persist. In those cases when a male trait is present, veiled preferences provide a selective advantage, and females disproportionately produce offspring from preferred males through either mate choice or cryptic female choice. This tips the fitness advantage for novel males, allowing both preference and trait to spread, and limiting selection against them in the absence of the corresponding trait or preference.
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Cotton, Samuel, David W. Rogers, Jennifer Small, Andrew Pomiankowski, and Kevin Fowler. "Variation in preference for a male ornament is positively associated with female eyespan in the stalk-eyed fly Diasemopsis meigenii." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1591 (February 8, 2006): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3449.

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There is currently much interest in mate preferences for sexual ornaments. However, few studies have focused on individual variation in mate preference despite its importance for the rate and direction of sexual selection. Females of the sexually dimorphic stalk-eyed fly, Diasemopsis meigenii , exhibit an unambiguous rejection response towards unattractive males bearing small ornaments. We investigated individual mate preferences using repeated sequential sampling of female rejection or acceptance responses to a wide range of male ornament phenotypes. We found significant variation in the strength of individual preference. In addition, preference was positively associated with female eyespan, a condition-dependent trait putatively linked to visual acuity.
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Díaz, Eliecer R., and Martin Thiel. "Female rock shrimp prefer dominant males." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 5 (September 19, 2003): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008105h.

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Evidence of female preference for dominant males during mating is reported for the rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus. Two sexually mature males of different ontogenetic stage were tethered at opposite sides of a large tank. Tethering restricted males from actively pursuing the receptive female but allowed females to choose between males. Surprisingly most (10 out of 11) females first approached the subordinate typus male, but after these initial contacts all females chose the dominant robustus male. Following antennal and corporal contacts of variable duration seven (out of 11) females initiated the mating process with the robustus male, while four females did not initiate mating during the 90 min observation period. The fact that all mating females selected the robustus shows strong female preferences for these males. It is suggested that female preference for large and dominant males is common among crustaceans with sexual size-dimorphism.
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Fink, Madelinn, Kendall Klein, Kia Sayers, John Valentino, Claudia Leonardi, Amy Bronstone, Pamela M. Wiseman, and Vinod Dasa. "Objective Data Reveals Gender Preferences for Patients’ Primary Care Physician." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272096722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720967221.

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Background and Objectives: Most studies based on self-reported data indicate that female patients more often than males have a same-gender preference for their primary care physician (PCP). Because self-reported preferences may not reflect true preferences, we analyzed objective data to investigate patients’ preferences for PCP gender. Methods: Analyses were performed on 2192 new patients seen within a university-based healthcare system by 13 PCPs (2 male, 11 female) during 2017. New patients were asked about their PCP gender preference when assigned a PCP. We compared the expected prevalence (proportion of males/females in overall patient population) and observed prevalence (gender distribution of patients for each PCP) by PCP gender. A mixed model with PCP as a random effect examined the odds of male and female patients being assigned a same-gender physician. Results: The expected prevalence of new patients was 65% female and 35% male. The observed prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of male patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 59.7% (49.0%-69.5%) and 28.0% (24.0%-32.4%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of male patients (35%). Similarly, the observed prevalence of female patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 40.3% (95% CI 30.5%-51.0%) and 72.0% (95% CI 67.6%-76.0%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of female patients (65%). Conclusions: Both male and female patients often preferred to see a same-gender PCP with this preference more pronounced in males. Future research should seek to clarify the relationships between patients’ gender preferences, patient-physician gender concordance/discordance, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes.
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Derix, Ruud R. W. M., and Jan A. R. A. M. Van Hooff. "Male and Female Partner Preferences in a Captive Wolf Pack (Canis Lupus) : Specificity Versus Spread of Sexual Attention." Behaviour 132, no. 1-2 (1995): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00333.

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AbstractStrong pair-bonding is typical for canids. In wolf packs consisting of several adult males and females, sexual interests may clash during the mating season. We expect that not only dominance-subordinance relationships but also partner preferences play a prominent role in the establishment of pair bonds in wolves. The objective of our study is to disentangle male and female components in the establishment of sexual relationships, and, in particular, the influence of partner preferences. A first-approach model suggests that males will attempt to maximize the number of fertilizations, whereas females will be selective in partner choice. We therefore determined behavioural measures of partner preference for each sex; namely 'Following sexually' in males and 'Presenting actively' in females. Matings corresponded more to the male than the female preferences. Males initiated courtship, whereas females influenced pair-bonding more by proceptive behaviour and by the rejection of male courtship. Whereas the dominant males focused more on one preferred female at a time, and might eventually switch and direct their preference to another female, the dominant females, and particularly the alpha female, spread their sexual interests over several males and associate with more than one male at a time. The ultimate reason for this might be that, in this way, a female promotes care-giving towards herself and her offspring by creating a 'paternity illusion' in those males.
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Brennan, Patricia L. R., and Richard O. Prum. "The limits of sexual conflict in the narrow sense: new insights from waterfowl biology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1600 (August 19, 2012): 2324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0284.

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Sexual conflict occurs when the evolutionary interests of the sexes differ and it broadly applies to decisions over mating, fertilization and parental investment. Recently, a narrower view of sexual conflict has emerged in which direct selection on females to avoid male-imposed costs during mating is considered the distinguishing feature of conflict, while indirect selection is considered negligible. In this view, intersexual selection via sensory bias is seen as the most relevant mechanism by which male traits that harm females evolve, with antagonistic coevolution between female preferences and male manipulation following. Under this narrower framework, female preference and resistance have been synonymized because both result in a mating bias, and similarly male display and coercion are not distinguished. Our recent work on genital evolution in waterfowl has highlighted problems with this approach. In waterfowl, preference and resistance are distinct components of female phenotype, and display and coercion are independent male strategies. Female preference for male displays result in mate choice, while forced copulations by unpreferred males result in resistance to prevent these males from achieving matings and fertilizations. Genital elaborations in female waterfowl appear to function in reinforcing female preference to maintain the indirect benefits of choice rather than to reduce the direct costs of coercive mating. We propose a return to a broader view of conflict where indirect selection and intrasexual selection are considered important in the evolution of conflict.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Female preference"

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Collins, Sarah Amanda. "Some factors affecting female mate preference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305998.

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Tombs, Selina. "An evolutionary assessment of the relationship between female partner preference and pupil size preference." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0031/MQ27383.pdf.

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Cress, Zachary Pierce. "Female preference for complex male displays in hybridizing swordtails." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3266.

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Bargelletti, Olivia. "Mate preference in female weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100762.

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This study explores the morphology and electrical behavior of breeding weakly electric fish. Wave-type electric fish communicate by means of a continuous oscillatory electric signal produced by an electric organ. The electric organ discharges at frequencies which are sexually dimorphic in many species of electric fish. This dimorphism is thought to be attributed to female mate choice, although to date, there is no evidence for mate choice or intrasexual competition to have driven the evolution of this signaling dimorphism in wave-type electric fish. Here, I have tracked changes in body shape and electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency of A. leptorhynchus throughout a breeding conditioning period. I find that only females alter the shape of their bodies, presumably to account for increasing egg mass, during the breeding conditioning period. Throughout this period, both females and males do not alter their EOD frequencies significantly. Gravid females were used in an unforced preference test, where they were presented with two live, male A. leptorhynchus. Female preference was indicated by a passage of the female into one of the two male compartments. I find that females show a preference for higher EOD frequency males, while no preference is shown for longer, heavier or larger-amplitude males. Further investigations are needed to dissociate the role of EOD frequency from potentially correlated male traits, such as rate and type of modulations of EOD frequency. The finding of this study that female A. leptorhynchus prefer males of higher EOD frequency establishes wave-type weakly electric fish as a promising model system for the study of the evolution and the sensory mechanisms of female choice.
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Pick, Polly Anne. "An exploration of brand preference in young female adolescents." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424112.

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Jones, Theresa Melanie. "Sexual selection in the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1416606/.

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In this thesis I address several fundamental questions in sexual selection and mate choice theory, using the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. I show that L. iongipalpis satisfies the criteria for a lek-breeding species. Males aggregated at sites near hosts which females visited to mate and feed, but a male's access to a resource did not appear to detennine his mating success. Females were free to reject unwanted males and male mating success was typically skewed. Field data suggest that the mating system may have evolved because of female preferences for larger leks, coupled with a hotspot-type mechanism: male distribution was correlated with resources availability, while females distribution was correlated with lek size. In the laboratory, females preferentially mated with middle-aged males. Within this age class, mating success was correlated with increased amounts of pheromone and increased investment in wing-fluttering. Across age classes, females appeared to gain a direct fitness payoff from their choice of mate through increased probability of fertilisation, but the presence of other mechanisms was not investigated. By testing simultaneously the predictions of current models using similar age males, I was able to assess their relative importance for the maintenance of female choice. I found weak evidence to support direct benefits: females that chose to mate with successful males survived longer post-oviposition than females with less successful mates. This did not translate into increased total longevity or increased fecundity. I found no evidence in favour of good-genes models: offspring of preferred males did not survive longer than offspring of less preferred males, nor were their daughters more fecund. Male attractiveness was, however, heritable: sons sired by preferred males achieved higher mating success than sons of less preferred fathers. These results suggest that a Fisherian mechanism is in part responsible for the maintenance of female mating preferences in L. iongipaipis.
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Penuliar, Michael S. "The Effect of Race and Masculinity on Female Mate Preference." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/408.

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The current work extends upon the theories of female mate preference in a novel way by examining how the interaction of race and the masculinity of males affect preference in females. In Study 1, I manipulated the facial masculinity of photographs of White, Black, and Asian males. Female participants rated the faces on attractiveness, masculinity, and age. In Study 2, nine photographs were matched on masculinity and participants made judgments on dimensions relating to dateabiltity, attractiveness, resources, masculinity, and parenting behaviors. Asian males are often neglected as potential romantic partners. A major aim of the current work was to assess if racial bias against Asian males in romantic situations are lessened with increased facial masculinity. Asian males were evaluated highly across several dimensions if they possessed high masculine facial characteristics. Medium masculine White and Black males were evaluated as the most attractive and dateable in their respective racial groups. Additionally, low masculine White and Black males were evaluated as better choices for resource and family-related attributions in their respective racial groups.
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Scott, Darcea. "Female consumers' awareness of and preference for brand name apparel." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101147.

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This study investigated female consumers’ awareness of and preference for brand name apparel, sought to determine the relationship between these variables and the purchase of brand name apparel, and attempted to determine the sample’s perceptions of branded apparel. The respondents’ brand name apparel awareness, preference, and perception were also investigated in relation to several demographic variables. Women professors and secretaries employed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU) were chosen as the sample for this study. A questionnaire was developed to ascertain the needed information and was distributed to 471 women by the intercampus mail system during the summer of 1985. The sample consisted of 97 secretaries and 73 professors, for a total of 170 participants. It was found that the brand name of apparel was unimportant to the sampled consumers in the purchase of dresses for the job, sleepwear and casual clothing. Within these classifications, consumers were generally more concerned with intrinsic garment features such as fit, construction, material, care, and style. Magazines were not found to be a major vehicle to provide clothing information, nor was magazine readership found to be related to the respondents’ levels of overall recognition and preference for name brand clothing. Consumers who were exposed to brand name apparel via media or store displays had a greater level of brand recognition and recall, which ultimately lead to greater preference for brand name apparel. Occupation and total household income were not found to be significant determinants of brand name awareness and preference.
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Cummins, Elizabeth D., Ross L. Roeding, Stephen B. Griffin, and Russell W. Brown. "Methylphenidate Conditioned Place Preference in Adolescent Male and Female Rats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/964.

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This study analyzed methylphenidate (5 mg/kg; trade name: Ritalin) conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent male and female rats. Results showed MPH-induced CPP in males, but not in females. These results suggest rewarding properties of MPH may be more prominent in males as compared to females in adolescence.
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Cummins, Elizabeth D., Stephen B. Griffin, Ross L. Roeding, J. H. Thomas, and Russell W. Brown. "Methylphenidate Conditioned Place Preference in Adolescent Male and Female Rats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/966.

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Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant drug that is commonly prescribed for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), however, this drug is also abused. The primary pharmacological action of MPH is similar to that of cocaine, in that the drug blocks the dopamine transporter and enhances dopamine neurotransmission. The similarity to cocaine has brought to light legitimate concerns at the abuse liability of MPH. The focus of the present study was to analyze MPH conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent rats, with the focus on sex differences in this effect. CPP is a commonly used measure of drug reward in rats. Animals were also tested at two different time periods, from postnatal day (P)32-38 or P43-49, representing periods during adolescence both before and after the commencement of the estrous cycle in females, which begins on approximately P41. After an initial preference test on P32 or 43 revealed no significant preference for either context, an unbiased procedure was used. Beginning on P33 or P44, MPH (5 mg/kg) was paired with either context in animals in the drug condition, balanced across males and females. Controls were given saline in both contexts (N=8-9 in all groups). A preference test was given on P38 or P49 with dividers removed. Results revealed no sex or age difference, but MPH induced a robust increased preference for the paired context in both males and females on the post-conditioning preference test, which was significantly greater than male and female controls. Interestingly, males demonstrated significantly higher levels of activity and a higher number of entries made into the paired context when tested at the younger age, but there were no sex differences in these responses in older animals. Brain tissue is currently being analyzed for levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT), and this data will be presented. Past studies have shown that females have a higher number of DAT in the striatum compared to males in adulthood, but this has never been established in adolescence. In conclusion, it appears that a 5 mg/kg dose of MPH is capable of inducing drug reward in adolescent rats, and unlike recent results from our laboratory regarding behavioral sensitization, there are no sex differences in this response.
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Books on the topic "Female preference"

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Prechotko, Lisa Terra. Taste preference variation during pregnancy in female Wistar rats. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 2003.

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Mathews, Iva. Locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference for amphetamine in late adolescent and adult male and female rats. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Psychology, 2007.

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Charalambous, Magda. Genetics of song and female preference in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus (Orthoptera:Acrididae): Sexual selection and the mate recognition system. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1990.

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Kleinfelter, Eileen Rose. The perceptions of female high school varsity basketball players toward their coach, and their gender preference for a basketball coach. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1985.

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Ferguson, Jodie L. The effects of prior learning through conditioning with an aversive noise stimulus on food intake and food preference in female wistar rats. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2005.

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Ericson, Peter. Women are different: Taxes and female labor supply when preferences differ. Göteborg, Sweden: Dept. of Economics, Schoool of Economics and Commercial Law, Göteborg University, 1996.

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Pathika, Āśā. Ādyā kī karūṇa pukāra. Jayapura: Ema. Bī. Pabliśarsa eṇḍa Ḍisṭribyūṭarsa, 2012.

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Mathiot, Elizabeth Moen. Sex selection: Implications for females in the third world. [East Lansing, Mich.]: Michigan State University, 1991.

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K, Joshi B. The 'missing' girl child in Uttarakhand. Dehradun: Doon Library and Research Centre, 2012.

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Deśamukha, Lakshmīkānta. Sāvitrīcyā garbhāta māralelyā lekī. Puṇe: Manovikāsa Prakāśana, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Female preference"

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Cézilly, Frank. "Preference, Rationality and Interindividual Variation: The Persisting Debate About Female Choice." In Current Perspectives on Sexual Selection, 191–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9585-2_9.

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Polivy, Janet, David M. Garner, and Paul E. Garfinkel. "Causes and Consequences of the Current Preference for Thin Female Physiques." In Physical Appearance, Stigma, and Social Behavior, 89–112. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308928-5.

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Brock, Olivier, Julie Bakker, and Michael J. Baum. "Assessment of Urinary Pheromone Discrimination, Partner Preference, and Mating Behaviors in Female Mice." In Pheromone Signaling, 319–29. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-619-1_24.

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Frątczak, Ewa, and Aneta Ptak-Chmielewska. "The Interplay of Fertility Intentions, Female Employment and Work-Life Balance Policies in Contemporary Poland: Can Gender Equity, Preference and Social Capital Theories Provide a Better Insight?" In Childbearing, Women’s Employment and Work-Life Balance Policies in Contemporary Europe, 135–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318541_5.

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Scott, Isabel, Gillian R. Bentley, Martin J. Tovée, Farid Uddin Ahamed, and Kesson Magid. "An Evolutionary Perspective on Male Preferences for Female Body Shape." In The Body Beautiful, 65–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596887_5.

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van Loon, Joop J. A., Tjarda C. Everaarts, and Renate C. Smallegange. "Associative learning in host-finding by female Pieris brassicae butterflies: relearning preferences." In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, 162–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1654-1_54.

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Bush, Alan J., and David J. Ortinau. "Preferences and Usage Patterns of Retail Banking Services: Males Vs. Females." In Proceedings of the 1988 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 365–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17046-6_74.

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Cox, James C. "Trust, Reciprocity, and Other-Regarding Preferences: Groups Vs. Individuals and Males Vs. Females." In Experimental Business Research, 331–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5196-3_14.

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Park, So Hyun, Seon Hwa Lee, and Kyung Ja Chang. "Consumer Awareness and Preferences Related to Taurine-Containing Drinks in Korean Female High School Students." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1001–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_79.

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Potts, Wayne K., C. Jo Manning, and Edward K. Wakeland. "MHC-Based Mating Preferences in Mus Operate through Both Settlement Patterns and Female Controlled Extra-Territorial Matings." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 6, 183–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9655-1_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Female preference"

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Chua, MinZhi, Youhei Akimoto, Hernan Aguirre, and Kiyoshi Tanaka. "Asian female face classification incorporating personal attractive preference." In 2013 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2013.6704585.

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Zhang, XinMei, Bin Li, and Xiaolei Jiang. "Study on the Risk Preference of Technological Innovation investment to Female Entrepreneurs." In 2009 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2009.497.

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Moehring, Amanda. "The genetic and neural basis of female mate preference and species isolation inDrosophila." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95461.

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Minsi Lu, Wenbin Lin, Zhan Lu, Yue Yu, and Jinming Pan. "Behavior preference and performance of female broilers under different yellow LED lighting intensities." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131619449.

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Nyaoke, Borna. "P4.17 Contraceptive preference among female sex workers in the sivet study in nairobi, kenya." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.514.

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Tu, Jui-Che, and Chun Yang. "A STUDY ON THE PREFERENCE OF FEMALE OFFICE WORKERS FOR THE COLOR OF AUTOMOBILE INTERIOR." In 2nd Eurasian Conference on Educational Innovation 2019. International Institute of Knowledge Innovation and Invention Private Limited, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35745/ecei2019v2.002.

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Zhao, Bo, Yafeng Nan, and Qiao Li Wang. "Type Preference of Female Character and Color Choice in Manicure Based on the Eye Movement Technique." In 2021 International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210601.036.

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Reamon, Derek T., and Sheri D. Sheppard. "Educational Interactive Multimedia Software: Can it Effectively Teach Engineering Concepts?" In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8783.

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Abstract This paper provides a rigorous statistical analysis of the educational effectiveness of a curriculum module pertaining to direct current (DC) motors and motorized systems. Educational interactive multimedia software played an important role in the module, which also included lectures, a design project and other more traditional pedagogics. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure learning during the module and individual test questions targeted specific areas of the curriculum to determine the contribution of the various resources to the entire learning environment. The data indicate that the module was indeed educationally successful and that the software contributed to the curriculum’s success. The module was particularly effective for promoting learning by female engineering students in the course and mitigated some discrepancies in prior knowledge. Students were also grouped into four preference groups based on analysis of students’ preference questionnaire responses. The data indicate that each preference group responded differently to the various teaching techniques employed in the curriculum.
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Toh, Christine A., Arti H. Patel, Andrew A. Strohmetz, and Scarlett R. Miller. "My Idea Is Best! Ownership Bias and its Influence on Engineering Concept Selection." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46478.

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Concept selection is considered one of the most crucial components of the engineering design process because the direction of the final design is largely determined at this stage. One of the most widely utilized techniques for filtering designs during this process involves informal review meetings where team members identify the designs that most closely satisfy the design goals. While this is often seen as an efficient process, factors such as ownership bias, or an unintentional preference for an individuals’ own ideas, and team member personality attributes may impact an individual’s decision-making process. However, few studies have explored the impact of these factors on concept selection. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted with 37 engineering students in order to investigate the effect of these attributes on the selection or filtering of design concepts in engineering education. The results from this study show that personality impacts the proportion of ideas selected, and that male students tend to select more of their own ideas (ownership bias) than their female counterparts who more often select their team member’s concepts. These results add to our understanding of the factors that impact the team concept selection process and provide empirical evidence of the occurrence of ownership bias in engineering design education.
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Zaaharinova, Mariya, Nikolay Zaekov, Krassimir Rankov, and Milena Nikolova. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONOTYPE, STRESS, AND GENDER IN BULGARIAN SPORTS STUDENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/82.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: There are many internal and external factors (like chronotype, stress, gender, and level of activity) that may affect athletes performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between chronotype, perceived stress, and gender in Bulgarian sports students. Methodology: In total, 29 male and female university students were surveyed using the Horne and Ostberg Morningness and Eveningness questionnaire (1976) and the Perceived Stress Scale (1983). Results: Mann-Whitney U test showed an association between perceived stress scores and chronotype groups. Moderate evening type perceived more stress than intermediate type (p = 0,01). Also, students with high physical activity were more stressed than students with moderate physical activity (p = 0,06) and females were more stressed than males (p = 0,01). Students identified as moderate evening type (n = 7) were more than moderate morning type (n = 1) in the sample. Discussion: Surprisingly, most of the moderate evening-type subjects (n = 7) were females (n = 5). Usually, males tend to be moderate evening types. Of these 5 females, 2 were with a moderate level of activity, and 1 was with a high level. And they perceived more stress than males. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show that chronotype and gender can affect susceptibility to stress in sports students from different levels of activity. Also, training schedules should not be arranged without taking into account circadian preferences.
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Reports on the topic "Female preference"

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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.

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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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Chang, Hyo Jung Julie, Jennifer Yurchisin, and Su-Jeong Hwang Hwang Shin. An Examination of Elderly Female Consumers' Body Shapes, Activewear Preferences and Exercise Behavior. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.9481.

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Busso, Matías, and Verónica Frisancho. Good Peers Have Asymmetric Gendered Effects on Female Educational Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003247.

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This study examines the gendered effects of early and sustained exposure to high-performing peers on female educational trajectories. Exploiting random allocation to classrooms within middle schools, we measure the effect of male and female high performers on girls' high school placement outcomes. We disentangle two channels through which peers of either sex can play a role: academic performance and school preferences. We also focus on the effects of peers along the distribution of baseline academic performance. Exposure to good peers of either sex reduces the degree to which high-achieving girls seek placement in more-selective schools. High-achieving boys have particularly strong, negative effects on high-performing girls' admission scores and preferences for more-selective schools. By contrast, high-achieving girls improve low-performing girls' placement outcomes, but exclusively through a positive effect on exam scores.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Busso, Matías, and Verónica Frisancho. Research Insights: Can Good Peers Hurt?: The Effect of Top Students on Girls' Educational Outcomes. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003565.

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Exposure to good peers of either sex during middle school reduces the probability that top-performing girls are placed in one of their preferred high schools. High-achieving boys have a detrimental effect on the selectiveness of the schools in which top female students are placed. These placement effects are driven by both lower admission scores and weakened preferences for selective and academic schools. Exposure to high-achieving girls improves the admission exam scores of poor-performing girls. This protective effect on scores translates into an average increase in the selectivity of the high schools in which low-performing girls are placed.
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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.

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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.
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Simelton, Elisabeth, Rachmat Mulia, Clement Rigal, Tuan Minh Duong, Phuong Mai Nguyen, Hanna North, and Xuan Hieu Le. Beyond carbon sequestration – local knowledge about tree functions. Case study from male and female Arabica coffee farmers in Vietnam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21025.pdf.

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Estimates of carbon sequestration for timber trees is well documented, while fruit trees are understudied. The few existing estimates indicate that fruit trees and fertiliser management on them, can substantially sequester carbon in coffee monocultures, albeit unlikely to the same extent as timber trees. A carbon investor may thus favour timber. In this light, as programs for planting billions and trillion trees are launched “to save the climate”, a wide range of gender, social, justice and environmental concerns are voiced. To challenge the mitigation perspective, we contrasted two hypothetical tree planting strategies: a mitigation (carbon finance) perspective and a livelihoods-centred (local) perspective and explored what a rapid, gender and social inclusion-oriented livelihoods perspective could bring to the process of tree selection. The survey documents indigenous knowledge of trees’ potential (dis)benefits in coffee agroforestry systems among 106 female and male arabica-growers in northwest Vietnam. The results display many similarities between women and men in term of perceived benefits from trees. Women and men prioritized trees based on their economic benefits, impacts on coffee production and improved soil fertility. However, in determining the preferred species, women considered more factors, including consequences for pest and disease (on host tree or coffee), microclimate regulation and shade provision. These findings resemble those by others from the same region and demonstrate that consulting both women and men can result in a more diverse shortlist of potential trees for agroforestry/afforestation that reflect both genders’ economic and labour contributions to the household. Furthermore, tree planting projects would benefit from seeking collaboration for bundled ecosystem services, rather than merely from carbon finance. Conversely, carbon investors can rely on farmers’ preferences and rest assured that they also contribute to sequestering carbon.
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Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling, and Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.
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Measurement of anticipated stigma: A barrier to family planning use among married youth. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2020.1006.

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The Evidence Project undertook a study to assess youth’s awareness and perceptions of available health services and their service utilization behaviors and preferences. This brief provides summarizes findings of an activity undertaken as a part of this study to validate an anticipated stigma index and explore its relationship with unmet need for family planning among married female youth in Ethiopia.
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Post-harvest use of banana in Uganda and Tanzania: Product characteristics and cultivar preferences of male and female farmers. International Potato Center, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20193.

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