Journal articles: 'Female experience'

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Sweet, Bridget. "The Adolescent Female Changing Voice." Journal of Research in Music Education 63, no. 1 (April 2015): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429415570755.

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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the experience of female voice change from the perspective of female middle and high school choral students. The study was guided by two questions: How do adolescent female choir students experience voice change? What is the essence of the experience of voice change for middle school and high school females in choir? “Co-researchers” included two students in Grades 6 through 12 (14 students total) at the Durham School of the Arts in Durham, North Carolina; the female singers demonstrated a variety of voice change characteristics, from vocal breathiness to limited vocal range. Data collected in November, January, and April included written responses to an open set of questions that were discussed thoroughly during a corresponding interview. Analysis revealed three core themes: (a) Phonation Experiences, (b) Emotional Experiences, and (c) Contexts of Singing. The essence of the experience of female voice change was that vulnerability and fear of embarrassment determined all use of the females’ singing voices, resulting in risk assessment for each singing situation and setting.

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Bailey, Nathan W., and Marlene Zuk. "Acoustic experience shapes female mate choice in field crickets." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1651 (August 12, 2008): 2645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0859.

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Female choice can drive the evolution of extravagant male traits. In invertebrates, the influence of prior social experience on female choice has only recently been considered. To better understand the evolutionary implications of experience-mediated plasticity in female choice, we investigated the effect of acoustic experience during rearing on female responsiveness to male song in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus . Acoustic experience has unique biological relevance in this species: a morphological mutation has rendered over 90 per cent of males on the Hawaiian island of Kauai silent in fewer than 20 generations, impeding females' abilities to locate potential mates. Females reared in silent conditions mimicking Kauai were less discriminating of male calling song and more responsive to playbacks, compared with females that experienced song during rearing. Our results to our knowledge, are the first demonstration of long-term effects of acoustic experience in an arthropod, and suggest that female T. oceanicus may be able to compensate for the reduced availability of long-range male sexual signals by increasing their responsiveness to the few remaining signallers. Understanding the adaptive significance of experience-mediated plasticity in female choice provides insight into processes that facilitate rapid evolutionary change and shape sexual selection pressure in natural populations.

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Škubalová, Tereza. "Female erotic desire." Human Affairs 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2018-0020.

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Abstract This paper explores the epistemology and methodology for describing sexual/erotic desire in women. Culture provides a variety of discourses which create possibilities for individual agents to think, experience and act. This paper outlines the dominant discourses of sexuality. The main focus is on the emerging psychodynamic understanding of erotic desire as a cultivated way of experiencing and expressing intersubjective embodied desire. The story of a female research participant has been selected to illustrate the journey from undifferentiated physical and mental experiences of desire to the peculiar integration of both aspects in her lived experience. A combination of interpretive methods is employed.

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Nazim, Dr Abia, and Dr Tauqeer Nazim. "Emotional Effects and Correlates of Harassment in Female Health Professionals." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i1.79.

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Harassment is one of the workplace challenges which leads to multitude of issues for both the victim and work organization. A cross sectional study was conducted on 187 female healthcare professionals working in various private and public hospitals chosen through purposive sampling technique from private and public health facilities of Lahore. Data were gathered using harassment experience survey and detailed demographic questionnaire. The study took into consideration both direct and indirect harassment experiences. Findings showed that female healthcare professionals reported significant rate of both indirect harassment experience (82 %) and direct harassment experience (69%). The rate of sexual harassment was reported to be higher in both indirect (75%) and direct (63%) experience groups. Rate of verbal harassment was reported to be 25% in participants of indirect and 37% for direct experience groups. Most of the participants reported to have experienced various psychological problems after facing harassment. Depression and anger were observed to be most reported psychological reactions to sexual harassment, whereas depression and phobia were significantly related to verbal harassment. Experience of harassment faced at workplace makes victims vulnerable towards many psychological problems.

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Elsaid, Eahab. "Comparing Outgoing Female CEOs With Prior CEO Experience To Outgoing Female CEOs With No Prior CEO Experience." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i3.9219.

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<p>It is difficult for females to climb the corporate ladder to the CEO position. Most of the previous research examines the obstacles that prevent females from reaching top management positions and ultimately the top position of CEO. In this study we examine this issue from the opposite side, i.e., we examine CEO successions were the outgoing CEO is female and the incoming CEO is male. We distinguish between outgoing female CEO successors who have prior CEO experience and those who do not have prior CEO experience. We find that prior CEO experience is positively related to the outgoing female CEO total compensation in the year preceding the succession, positively related to firm performance and negatively related to the probability of firm bankruptcy in the three years preceding the succession. Prior CEO experience is also positively related to the percentage of female and ethnic minority directors on the board in the two years preceding the succession.</p>

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Schneider, Dana A. "Birthing Failures: Childbirth as a Female Fault Line." Journal of Perinatal Education 27, no. 1 (2018): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.1.20.

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In a qualitative study, 119 women completed an online, open-ended survey about their childbirth experiences. In response to the question, “What ways, if any, did you experience failure?,” 65% of women identified feelings of failure. Overwhelmingly attributing the failures to themselves, participants reported that they experienced failures of mind, body, action/inaction, representing “what I feel,” “who I am,” and “what I did or didn’t do” and leading some participants to conclude that they were “less of woman,” “less of a mother,” or ultimately failed the baby. Such perceived failures can be unintentionally perpetuated by a system that neglects to address the complex experiences and interpretations of birthing women. Helping women anticipate and process the psychosocial and emotional aspects of the birth experience may serve as a protective factor against women internalizing perceived failures as their own, and preventing long term consequences of such feelings. The findings of this study highlight the importance of assessing women’s personal experiences and interpretations of childbirth during the prenatal phase to address expectations and increase preparedness.

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Pillay, Neville, and Tasmin Rymer. "Female mate choice for paternal care behaviour in African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio: the role of experience." Behaviour 147, no. 9 (2010): 1101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579510x505445.

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AbstractPaternal care is a behavioural characteristic that can be selected for by females. By preferentially mating with 'good' fathers, females may directly increase their own reproductive success and may indirectly increase the prevalence of this trait in their sons. We investigated female mate choice in naturally paternal desert-dwelling African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio. In two-way choice tests, we presented females with olfactory cues from males differing in levels of paternal care quality, paternal care experience, or mating experience. We predicted that females would prefer: (i) males showing higher levels of care; (ii) paternally experienced over paternally naïve males; and (iii) sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females did not distinguish between males of differing paternal care quality or paternal care experience, but maternally experienced females showed a preference for sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females may prefer sexually experienced males because these males are able to defend territories for breeding. We conclude that paternal care is selectively advantageous because of its apparent fitness benefits. Nonetheless, our study shows that paternal care has evolved independently of female choice in striped mice, since females did not choose between males of differing paternal care abilities.

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Taylor, Elizabeth A., and Robin Hardin. "Female NCAA Division I Athletic Directors: Experiences and Challenges." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 24, no. 1 (April 2016): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0038.

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This study examined the experiences and challenges of 10 female Division I athletic directors. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) lack of female role models; (b) females are not qualified to manage football programs; (c) scrutiny about (lack of) ability and experience, and (d) benefits of intercollegiate coaching experience. The findings of this study suggest these are the central causes for females’ inability to reach maximum career mobility in the intercollegiate athletics industry. Participants encouraged women trying to enter the intercollegiate athletics industry to find a mentor who can advocate for them as they navigate through their career. In addition, participants encouraged those entering the industry to gain experience in as many facets of the athletic department as possible.

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Caroli, Betty Boyd, Rita James Simon, and Caroline B. Brettell. "International Migration: The Female Experience." International Migration Review 22, no. 1 (1988): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546401.

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Westwood, R. I., and S. M. Leung. "The Female Expatriate Manager Experience." International Studies of Management & Organization 24, no. 3 (September 1994): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1994.11656638.

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Jaijee, Shareen Kaur, Caroline Kamau-Mitchell, Ghada W. Mikhail, and Cara Hendry. "Sexism experienced by consultant cardiologists in the United Kingdom." Heart 107, no. 11 (March 15, 2021): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317837.

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ObjectivesThe aims were to compare the frequency with which male and female cardiologists experience sexism and to explore the types of sexism experienced in cardiology.MethodsA validated questionnaire measuring experiences of sexism and sexual harassment was distributed online to 890 UK consultant cardiologists between March and May 2018. χ2 tests and pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni correction for multiple analyses compared the experiences of male and female cardiologists.Results174 cardiologists completed the survey (24% female; 76% male). The survey showed that 61.9% of female cardiologists have experienced discrimination of any kind, mostly related to gender and parenting, compared with 19.7% of male cardiologists. 35.7% of female cardiologists experienced unwanted sexual comments, attention or advances from a superior or colleague, compared with 6.1% of male cardiologists. Sexual harassment affected the professional confidence of female cardiologists more than it affected the confidence of male cardiologists (42.9% vs 3.0%), including confidence with colleagues (38% vs 10.6%) and patients (23.9% vs 4.6%). 33.3% of female cardiologists felt that sexism hampered opportunities for professional advancement, compared with 2.3% of male cardiologists.ConclusionFemale cardiologists in the UK experience more sexism and sexual harassment than male cardiologists. Sexism impacts the career progression and professional confidence of female cardiologists more, including their confidence when working with patients and colleagues. Future research is urgently needed to test interventions against sexism in cardiology and to protect the welfare of female cardiologists at work.

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von Alberti-Alhtaybat, Larissa, and Salwa Aazam. "Female leadership in the Middle Eastern higher education." Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 34, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeas-08-2016-0018.

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Purpose Female leadership is a still largely unexplored aspect of the higher education (HE) field. While it is known that barriers to entry exist, few studies have addressed female leadership and have investigated what makes a female academic seek leadership, what their experiences are and how they perceive their positions and the associated responsibilities. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this lacuna as it provides a qualitative account of female academic leaders’ perceptions regarding their positions in the Middle East (ME) context. It also outlines their main tasks as administrative and academic leaders. Design/methodology/approach Data collection and analysis took place according to grounded theory principles, as outlined in this study. Participants were selected according to theoretical sampling principles, access and willingness to participate. Findings The findings illustrate a core concept, the female academic leadership mindset in the ME, and three emergent concepts that address the main shared perceptions, which are leadership experiences and expectations, differential treatment and work-life balance. The first discusses the different types of leadership and how female leaders experienced their positions, the second addresses the perceived differential treatment female leaders experience and the last addresses the dual pressure of work and home responsibilities that many female leaders have to deal with. Interestingly, several participants felt that fellow females were often unsupportive, which might also provide an explanation as to why women still experience obstacles. Originality/value This study provides in-depth exploratory accounts of female leaders in various Middle Eastern HE sectors, and gives insight into leadership-related perceptions. Furthermore, it explores the effect of the Middle Eastern cultural context on aspects of female leadership.

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Rais, Aicha, Richard Burton, and Adeel Rauf. "A Survey Exploring Gendered Racism Experienced by Junior Doctors Working in Psychiatry." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.331.

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AimsTo measure rates of racism experienced and witnessed by Junior Doctors working at Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.MethodsSurveys were sent out via e-mail and WhatsApp to all Junior Doctors from 22 November 2021 to 1 December 2021.Questions asked about personal experiences of racism, witnessing racism to/from patients and/or staff whilst working in Derbyshire, knowledge of how to report incidents and if routinely reported. Doctor race and gender recorded.Results88 Junior Doctors contacted. Response rate 55% (48 out of 88). 63% female, 35% male and 2% gender undisclosed. 37.5% White, 12.5% Black, 37.5% Asian, 6.3% Mixed-race, 4.2% Arab or other ethnic group and 2% Race undisclosed. 13% of doctors experienced racism from staff: 75% of the Black female population, 50% of the Black male population, 8% of the Asian female population and 17% of the Asian male population. 27% of doctors experienced racism from patients: 50% Black female population, 50% Black male population, 58% Asian female population, 16% Asian male population, 100% Mixed-race female population and 1 Race unspecified male. 13% of doctors witnessed racism from staff to other staff: 75% Black female population, 50% Black male population, 11% Asian female population and 16% Asian male population. 63% of doctors witnessed racism from patients towards staff: 75% Black female population, 50% Black male population, 67% Asian female population, 33% Asian male population, 100% of the Mixed-race population, 58% White female population, 83% of the White male population and by 1 male Race unspecified. Two reports of racism witnessed from staff towards patients. 50% of doctors do not know how to report racism. 54% of doctors would report racism if they knew how.ConclusionBlack, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) Junior Doctors are disproportionately affected by racism with female gender as an additional vulnerability. Mixed-race females, Asian females, and Black doctors gave highest reported experience of racism from patients. Black doctors gave a higher reported experience of racism from staff and reported witnessing the most racism from staff towards other staff. Mixed-race and White male doctors represent a high number of those that witness patients be racist towards staff. Additional support is required in encouraging allyship, confidence and ability to report racism.

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Zhu, Pingting, Qiwei Wu, Xinyi Liu, Ericka Waidley, Qiaoying Ji, and Ting Xu. "Gender Bias and the Lack of Equity in Pandemic Nursing in China: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910273.

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There has long been a gender bias in medicine. This qualitative study aims to identify the experience of sexism among frontline female nurses and further explore their expectations and possible strategies to get rid of gender bias. This is a descriptive phenomenological study of 23 female nurses with 11 ± 3.98 years of experience who spent 36 ± 6.50 days at the frontline during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. We employed Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method to understand the subjective experiences, revealing the following themes: (a) materialization of gender identity; (b) incoordinate relationships; (c) future voice of female nurses. The gender bias experienced by female frontline nurses further challenges their emotional identity and self-identity. Therefore, it is important to require extensive consciousness-raising and policy support to defend female nurses’ rights.

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Efanova, M. G., D. V. Berdnikov, and P. V. Tkachenko. "Phenomenology of female sexual feelings." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 2 (November 11, 2018): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2018-2-62-69.

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We present data of studying female sexual feelings. Hypothesis: sexual feelings have a complicated multilevel structure reﬂecting the individual’s sexual experience with peculiarities of evaluating satisfaction and regulation of behavior. 429 women aged 18-60 years (mean age — 28,69±0,42 years) have been studied, among them 291 (67,83%) were married and 138 (32,17%) were single. Te mean age of starting sexual life was 18,22±0,12 years. 365 (85,08%) women experienced orgasm, while 64 (14,92%) did not. We used our authorial questionnaire including an instruction and a list of 204 signs characterizing emotions, states, qualitative descriptions of comprehension. Te women noted the signs corresponding to their ordinary experience during an ordinary sexual act. Sexual feelings were found to have a multilevel structure of estimating the person’s sexual experience presented by the correlation of satisfaction, sexual interest, internal comfort, shame, disphoria, intensity emotional reacting, non-corresponding to expectations, acuity of rectption, physical discomfort and distaste. Teir manifestation reﬂects the expressions of self-relation, of states with regard to attaining the goal and communication with the partner.

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Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Ann Braude, Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese. "Forum: Female Experience in American Religion." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 5, no. 1 (1995): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1995.5.1.03a00010.

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Iradaty, Fithri, Edy Suyanto, Budi Aji, and Abdal Chaqil Harimi. "Female students’ experience in preventing scabies." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i3.20580.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the students' perceptions on the environmental health conditions related to the contagious skin disease of scabies and examine the implementation of clean and healthy behavior of the students. This research was done by adopting qualitative approach with phenomenological method. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis with the help of the Maxqda 10 Program. The data were collected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The findings showed that the environmental sanitation of the Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in some bedrooms are still not sufficiently ventilated and they needed clean water. The characteristics of Pesantren teaching which teaches students to live modestly, patiently, and prihatin (simple). The perceptions of Pesantren students about scabies that scabies was a normal thing to be experienced by students and that as long as the itching did not produce pus or blood it was not scabies. The healthy behavior of the students in this study were related with taking a bath, maintaining clean clothes, washing hands before eating of the students were still lacking. The efforts in improving the healthy living of the students was seen through the establishment of a health center in the Pesantren called Poskestren (Pesantren Health Services) but there were still limited facilities and the implementation of the administrators’ programs to prevent scabies is also seen to be not optimal yet.

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Canavan, Margaret M., Walter J. Meyer, and Deborah C. Higgs. "THE FEMALE EXPERIENCE OF SIBLING INCEST*." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 18, no. 2 (April 1992): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1992.tb00924.x.

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Parkin, Julie. "Female genital mutilation: a midwifes experience." British Journal of Midwifery 9, no. 7 (July 2001): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2001.9.7.7948.

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Owczarek, Dorota. "The Female Experience of the Other." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2015): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0026.

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Abstract The following paper deals with the problem of the transformation of the female self from the ethnocentric stage to the ethnorelative stage, as portrayed in Osa Johnson’s “autobiographical” account of her trips in the book I married adventure. The author attempts to show the metamorphosis of the protagonist by relating her experiences to the developmental model of cultural sensitivity, as proposed by M.J. Bennett. It is argued that the protagonist assumes the role of the Other in relation to her husband in the same way that indigenous people appear as the Other in relation to the protagonist. The slight yet detectable change in her perception of the Other constitutes an attempt to liberate herself from the position of the subordinate white female.

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Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Ann Braude, Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese. "Forum: Female Experience in American Religion." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123963.

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Heng, Christine K., and Douglas E. Morse. "Dental Caries Experience of Female Inmates." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 62, no. 1 (March 2002): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03422.x.

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Gunner, C., and S. Reid. "Female artificial urinary sphincters: Early experience." International Journal of Surgery 36 (November 2016): S121—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.449.

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Cacho, Maria do Socorro R. F., Sathyabama Chellappa, and Maria Emília Yamamoto. "Reproductive success and female preference in the amazonian cichlid angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein, 1823)." Neotropical Ichthyology 4, no. 1 (March 2006): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252006000100009.

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The angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare is a cichlid native to the Amazon Basin of Brazil and is exported as an ornamental fish. In this study the importance of the experience and previous reproductive success of males in mate selection was investigated. In order to investigate reproductive experience, six pairs of males (experienced and inexperienced) and six females were used. Males were placed in an aquarium, where one female was released. Mate selection was verified by the time spent by a female near one of the males. To evaluate reproductive success, six pairs of males were tested, each pair consisting of a successful male and an unsuccessful one. Again, time spent with one of the males was considered as an indication of preference by the female. Each female was then paired with an unsuccessful male and their reproductive success was assessed. Females preferred larger, aggressive, territorial and experienced males. Correlations between male aggressiveness, aeration and egg survival were significant. During larval care, male aggressiveness was significantly related to larvae survival. Furthermore, intrabucal care and larval survival showed significant correlations with care provided by the experienced, mated and isolated fish. Survival of offspring resulted from mating with experienced and inexperienced males showed significant differences. Correlations between time spent by females with successful males during reproduction and survival rate of eggs and larvae were significant. Females assess the capacity and willingness of males in investing efforts to raise the offspring through their courtship behavior. Experienced and successful males are preferred by females and thereby achieve greater reproductive success.

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Yang, Su In, and Shinhwan Pan. "A Narrative Inquiry of Female Counselors’ Experiences of Raising A Disabled Child." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 21 (November 15, 2022): 973–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.21.973.

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Objectives This study is to explore the meaning of child-rearing experiences as a female counselor and the meaning of the child-rearing experience. Methods The subjects of this study were three female counselors who had experience raising children with disabilities and had more than 10 years of work experience. Data collection was conducted from July to August 2022, and research texts were prepared through in-depth interviews with them. And data analysis was performed according to the narrative inquiry procedure. Results The parenting experience prior to counseling raised one's own children as it was from the parenting experience received from the family of origin, and the parenting experience during the counseling process started counseling to solve family problems. Raising children through counseling experience understands children, respects and accepts children, and experience as a counselor leads to the maturity of the self as a parent and appreciation for life. Conclusions Understanding the child-rearing experiences of female counselors will be the foundation for raising children by applying their experiences to parent counseling. This will provide basic data that can be integratedly applied to the welfare of the disabled, family welfare, and educational welfare.

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Avdikou, Konstantina, Charalampos Stefanatos, Marianna Tsatali, Mairy Gouva, and Magda Tsolaki. "The Role of Gender in Shame, Hostility, and Aggression Experienced by Caregivers for Patients With Dementia." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 34, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317518802458.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between male and female caregivers for patients with dementia in the way they experience various psychosocial parameters such as shame, hostility, and aggression. The sample included 55 caregivers of patients with moderate and severe dementia, whereas the average age was 51 years. Female caregivers were found to experience significantly higher levels of external shame, measured by Other As Shamer scale, than male caregivers, t (53) = 2.54, P < .01. A significant difference was also found between the female and male caregivers regarding their recorded levels of internal shame, measured by Experience of Shame Scale, with female caregivers experiencing more internal shame than their male counterparts, t (53) = 2.11, P < .01. However, no significant differences were found in hostility and aggression between males and females. These results demonstrate the existence of gender differences in the levels of shame experienced by care providers for patients with dementia.

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Fisher, William A., Raymond C. Rosen, Ian Eardley, Michael Sand, and Irwin Goldstein. "Sexual Experience of Female Partners of Men with Erectile Dysfunction: The Female Experience of Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (FEMALES) Study." Journal of Sexual Medicine 2, no. 5 (September 2005): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.00118.x.

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O'Loghlen, Adrian L., and Stephen I. Rothstein. "Divergent Sexual Responses to Different Categories of Foreign Courtship Songs in Female Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater)." Auk 121, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 824–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.824.

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Abstract Female songbirds generally have an innate ability to distinguish between con-specific and heterospecific song, and may learn to discriminate among variants of conspecific song. By observing female copulation-solicitation displays elicited by playback of perched songs and flight whistles from distant (>2,000 km) widespread populations, we assessed the extent to which responses of female Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) to the two categories of male courtship song depend on experience. We hypothesized that female responsiveness to flight whistles is more dependent on experience than their responsiveness to perched song, because, though both perched songs and flight whistles vary spatially, perched songs always conform to strict species-specific structural and syntactic rules. Flight whistles, in contrast, are so variable that some types may not be recognizable as conspecific vocalizations to birds that have never experienced them. The species-wide structural similarities of perched songs make it possible for females to have innate responsiveness to these songs, as shown by isolate-reared females. In contrast, isolate-reared females do not respond to flight whistles. In the present study, females readily responded to foreign perched-song types, but showed as little response to foreign flight whistles as they did to heterospecific control songs. A previous study had shown that the same females were highly responsive to the local flight whistle. Thus, in accord with our hypothesis, females must have direct experience with a flight-whistle type to become responsive to it, but will respond to any unfamiliar perched-song type. Our findings for females are concordant with results on variation in the role experience plays in development of male production of songs from these two categories.

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Mitre, Mariela, Thorsten M. Kranz, Bianca J. Marlin, Jennifer K. Schiavo, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Xinying Zhang, Jess Minder, et al. "Sex-Specific Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Expression and Function for Parental Behavior." Gender and the Genome 1, no. 4 (December 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gg.2017.0017.

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Parental care is among the most profound behavior expressed by humans and other animals. Despite intense interest in understanding the biological basis of parental behaviors, it remains unknown how much of parenting is encoded by the genome and which abilities instead are learned or can be refined by experience. One critical factor at the intersection between innate behaviors and experience-dependent learning is oxytocin, a neurohormone important for maternal physiology and neuroplasticity. Oxytocin acts throughout the body and brain to promote prosocial and maternal behaviors and modulates synaptic transmission to affect neural circuit dynamics. Recently we developed specific antibodies to mouse oxytocin receptors, found that oxytocin receptors are left lateralized in female auditory cortex, and examined how oxytocin enables maternal behavior by sensitizing the cortex to infant distress sounds. In this study we compare oxytocin receptor expression and function in male and female mice. Receptor expression is higher in adult female left auditory cortex than in right auditory cortex or males. Developmental profiles and mRNA expression were comparable between males and females. Behaviorally, male and female mice began expressing parental behavior similarly after cohousing with experienced females; however, oxytocin enhanced parental behavior onset in females but not males. This suggests that left lateralization of oxytocin receptor expression in females provides a mechanism for accelerating maternal behavior onset, although male mice can also effectively co-parent after experience with infants. The sex-specific pattern of oxytocin receptor expression might genetically predispose female cortex to respond to infant cues, which both males and females can also rapidly learn.

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Monestier, Chloé, and Alison M. Bell. "Personality traits change after an opportunity to mate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1926 (April 29, 2020): 20192936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2936.

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There is growing evidence that personality traits can change throughout the life course in humans and nonhuman animals. However, the proximate and ultimate causes of personality trait change are largely unknown, especially in adults. In a controlled, longitudinal experiment, we tested whether a key life event for adults––mating––can cause personality traits to change in female threespine sticklebacks. We confirmed that there are consistent individual differences in activity, sociability and risk-taking, and then compared these personality traits among three groups of females: (i) control females; (ii) females that had physically mated, and (iii) females that had socially experienced courtship but did not mate. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused females to become less willing to take risks and less social. To understand the proximate mechanisms underlying these changes, we measured levels of excreted steroids. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused levels of dihydroxyprogesterone (17α,20β-P) to increase, and females with higher 17α,20β-P were less willing to take risks and less social. These results provide experimental evidence that personality traits and their underlying neuroendocrine correlates are influenced by formative social and life-history experiences well into adulthood.

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Fonts, Maureen. "Community college minority female administrators as mentors of minority female students." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-05-2017-0039.

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Purpose Minority female students are increasingly faced with issues such as financial instability, work-family imbalance, and few growth opportunities in their careers. Within the context of community colleges, the presence of minority female administrators may serve as a venue for the empowerment and attainment of academic and professional goals for minority female students through administrators’ mentoring practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experience of community college minority female administrators in their role as informal mentors to community college minority female students. Design/methodology/approach The author used a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore community college minority female administrators’ experiences as mentors of female minority students. Mullen’s (2009) alternative mentoring model guided the study as well as a feminist lens. The purposive sample included six minority female administrators from two Florida community colleges, with individual interviews based on 18 open-ended questions. Data were analyzed with Atlas.ti™ qualitative software. Findings The findings uncovered four common themes and seven subthemes regarding the experience of informal mentoring as a minority female administrator: facilitating empowerment with two subthemes – modeling and coaching; administrator-student relationship with three subthemes – encouragement, life experiences, and past mentors; personal growth; and formalized mentoring with two subthemes – create a support system and access to information. Research limitations/implications In any study, phenomenological or otherwise, the researcher’s biases may cloud the data analysis process, and the researcher may code the data incorrectly or leave out crucial information during the transcription of the interview. It was essential for the author to understand the concept of epochè to bracket the author’s own experiences as a minority female (Bloomberg and Volpe, 2012). The purposeful sample was small and only focused on one region in the US, and the study’s findings may not be transferable to other contexts. Originality/value Minority female administrators’ experiences mentoring minority female students have not been comprehensively explored in the scholarly realm; hence, their mentoring journey is unknown. The study sought to shatter that silence and create a dialogue that will hopefully continue in the field of mentoring.

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Byoun, Su Youn. "Sexual Harassment of Women Faculties in the Korean Higher Education: Frequency, Perpetrators, and Consequences." Association of Global Studies Education 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.19037/agse.14.4.08.

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Sexual harassment of women faculties in the Korean higher education has been scarcely researched. However, their experiences of sexual harassment are important in that they become an important criterion for judging the spread of a culture of gender equality in universities. The Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ)(Fitzgerald et al. 1995) was conducted on 506 female faculty from 56 four-year universities. About 35% of the respondents experienced sexual harassment at least once in three stages of their career development. Among the eight perpetrator categories, male supervisors, male student seniors and juniors, and male fellow faculties were found to be the most frequent perpetrator groups. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the majors and positions of female faculties had a significant influence on their experiences of sexual harassment. Lastly, the experience of sexual harassment after appointment until now had a statistically significant negative effect on job satisfaction of female faculties.

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Brodsky, Lynn M., C. Davison Ankney, and Darrell G. Dennis. "Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-203.

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The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

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Robacker, David C., and Ivich Fraser. "Relative Attractiveness of Oranges and Grapefruits to Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a Wind Tunnel." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.4.566.

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Grapefruits and sweet oranges were equally attractive to, and elicited comparable oviposition behavior from, naïve laboratory-strain female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in wind-tunnel experiments. Neither fruit attracted nor elicited oviposition behavior from naïve wild females. For laboratory females, experience with either grapefruits or oranges enhanced attraction to both fruits and enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, but did not affect oviposition propensity. For wild females, experience with either fruit enhanced attraction to both fruits, enhanced attraction to the experienced fruit more so than to the other, and increased oviposition propensity on both fruits. Also, wild females experienced with grapefruits oviposited more readily in grapefruits than did those experienced with oranges. Both laboratory and wild females experienced with either fruit directed less oviposition behavior toward wind-tunnel walls than did naïve females. Laboratory males were attracted to both fruits, but wild males were attracted to neither. Overall, experience with fruit had smaller effects on responses of males compared with effects on females.

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Webb, Tom, Paul Gorczynski, Shakiba Oftadeh-Moghadam, and Laura Grubb. "Experience and Construction of Mental Health Among English Female Football Match Officials." Sport Psychologist 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0086.

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Research into the mental health of female sport match officials is scarce, despite verbal and physical abuse being commonplace. Twelve female match officials officiating male and female matches took part in semistructured interviews, investigating their experiences and understanding of their mental health. Deductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: male and female football environments; abuse, sexism, and homophobia in football; formal and informal support networks; and mental health knowledge and experience—accessing services. The results revealed toxic, abusive, male-dominated environments that included sexist and derogatory language, negatively affecting their mental health. The female match officials struggled to ascertain mechanisms for support and identified that the educational courses and local organizations did not provide mental health information or training, and match officials often experienced poor mental health during and after matches. Increased engagement with mental health literacy and policy change from governing bodies is required, given the unique challenges female match officials face.

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Sveinson, Katherine, and Larena Hoeber. "Female Sport Fans’ Experiences of Marginalization and Empowerment." Journal of Sport Management 30, no. 1 (January 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0221.

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Female sport fan research has been gaining momentum in recent years (e.g., Farrell, Fink, & Fields, 2011; Osborne & Coombs, 2013; Pope, 2011, 2013; Sveinson & Hoeber, 2015). Much of this research focuses on the marginalization that these sport fans experience (e.g., Crawford & Gosling, 2004; Jones, 2008; Sherlock & Elsden, 2000), with little attention given to experiences of empowerment. Therefore, this study sought to explore if female sport fans’ experiences involve marginalization, empowerment, or both and what contributes to these experiences. Multiple individual interviews were conducted with seven highly identified, displaced female sport fans. The data were analyzed through a three-step process involving open, axial, and selective coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). The findings demonstrated that the participants experience marginalization based on assumptions that women are inauthentic sport fans. They also felt empowered when they were able to demonstrate legitimacy and authenticity in their fanship.

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de Jonge, Francien H., John Burger, Frans Van Haaren, Hans Overdijk, and Nanne E. Van De Poll. "Sexual experience and preference for males or females in the female rat." Behavioral and Neural Biology 47, no. 3 (May 1987): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-1047(87)90487-0.

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Macro, Ellen, Jennifer Viveiros, and Nick Cipriano. "Wrestling with Identity: An Exploration of Female Wreslers’ Perceptions." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 18, no. 1 (April 2009): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.18.1.42.

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This study explores female freestyle wrestlers’ experiences related to identity, body consciousness, (hetero)sexuality, and (conventional) femininity, and also the perceptions of females participating in a traditionally male-dominated sport. Data was collected from questionnaires distributed to 47 high school, university, and club female wrestlers and from in-depth interviews with eight university wrestlers. Based on the findings, the researchers suggest that female wrestlers are comfortable with their body; that public perception concerning their sexuality and femininity is not an issue of concern for them; and that they do not experience gender-role conflict nor engage in the female apologetic. The results are of particular interest because they differ from what other studies have concluded regarding the experiences of women in(traditionally male-dominated sports.

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Kozak, Genevieve M., and Janette W. Boughman. "Predator experience overrides learned aversion to heterospecifics in stickleback species pairs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1805 (April 22, 2015): 20143066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.3066.

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Predation risk can alter female mating decisions because the costs of mate searching and selecting attractive mates increase when predators are present. In response to predators, females have been found to plastically adjust mate preference within species, but little is known about how predators alter sexual isolation and hybridization among species. We tested the effects of predator exposure on sexual isolation between benthic and limnetic threespine sticklebacks ( Gasterosteus spp.). Female discrimination against heterospecific mates was measured before and after females experienced a simulated attack by a trout predator or a control exposure to a harmless object. In the absence of predators, females showed increased aversion to heterospecifics over time. We found that predator exposure made females less discriminating and precluded this learned aversion to heterospecifics. Benthic and limnetic males differ in coloration, and predator exposure also affected sexual isolation by weakening female preferences for colourful males. Predator effects on sexual selection were also tested but predators had few effects on female choosiness among conspecific mates. Our results suggest that predation risk may disrupt the cognitive processes associated with mate choice and lead to fluctuations in the strength of sexual isolation between species.

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Kelly, Regina, Oliver McGarr, Louise Lehane, and Sibel Erduran. "STEM and gender at university: focusing on Irish undergraduate female students’ perceptions." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 11, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 770–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-07-2018-0127.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify whether or not females believe they associate with the culture of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by investigating the perceptions of female students currently enroled in STEM courses. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents data from a survey on female STEM students’ “Perspectives of women in STEM”, “Parents’ Science qualification”, “Supports in their STEM Course” and their “Science identify” through a social capital lens. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse the data. Findings The main findings were that female STEM undergraduates believe social bias, balancing work and family life and lack of role models are the main cause of less women in STEM professions and leadership positions. There were statistically significant differences between how male and female students identified with certain traits, with less females claiming to be intelligent and know about latest discoveries than males. Research limitations/implications To eradicate stereotypical views of scientists, it is recommended that Irish higher-education institutions introduce initiatives to increase the socialisation of STEM females within female networks and develop female students’ self-awareness of their own capabilities. The expansion of STEM networks could act as a means to facilitate female students adopting positive science identities, increasing their science capital. Originality/value In Ireland, there is a paucity of literature relating to females’ experience of STEM in higher education. This paper provides evidence that despite their engagement with STEM, female undergraduate students subscribe to the stereotypical image of the scientist. This study highlights the need to change the culture experienced by female STEM undergraduates in Ireland so as to improve the experiences and trajectories of women in higher education.

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Igler, Eva C., Ellen K. Defenderfer, Amy C. Lang, Kathleen Bauer, Julia Uihlein, and W. Hobart Davies. "Gender differences in the experience of pain dismissal in adolescence." Journal of Child Health Care 21, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493517727132.

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This study examined physician-generated pain dismissal experiences in adolescence between males and females. Young adults (ages 18–24, N = 178) with chronic or recurrent pain reported at least one pain dismissal experience in adolescence and answered a series of questions regarding the experience during this time period. Females were significantly more likely to report pain dismissal and a physician as the dismisser. Males were more likely to report that the dismisser expressed hostility toward them, feeling ambivalent regarding the dismissal experience, and a desire to avoid the dismisser. Females were more likely to report a desire to plead for understanding with the dismisser. Results suggest that female adolescents are more likely to report a pain dismissal experience with physicians, raising concerns that adolescent females may receive, or at least perceive, differential treatment for their chronic pain.

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Higashi, Sumiko, and Andrea S. Walsh. "Women's Film and Female Experience, 1940-1950." Journal of American History 72, no. 2 (September 1985): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1903457.

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Lim, Mi-Hee. "Female Directors, Experience, and Acquisition Premiums (WITHDRAWN)." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 11303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.11303abstract.

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Shim, Yong Chool, and Kyung Mi Shin. "Experience of SNS overindulgence among female adolescents." Korean Journal of Youth Studies 24, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21509/kjys.2017.10.24.10.29.

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김연수 and 박지영. "Experience of Acculturation among Female Marriage Immigrants." Korean Journal of Family Social Work ll, no. 30 (December 2010): 269–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.16975/kjfsw.2010..30.010.

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Choi, Na Youn, and Byoung Sook Lee. "Health Inequality Experience of Female Married Immigrants." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.9.2.35.

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Nnatu, S. "Female sterilisation—experience in a Nigerian centre." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 6, no. 4 (January 1986): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443618609079215.

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Hwang, Yun Young, Eun Hee Park, Sun Sook Back, Myung Hee Kim, Hee Young Kim, Won Yu Lee, Eon Na Ryoo, and Kyung Sook Park. "Subjectivity of Female College Students' Menstruation Experience." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 9, no. 1 (2003): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2003.9.1.39.

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Younis, Ihab, Fatma El-Esawy, and Riham Abdel-Mohsen. "Is female orgasm an earth-moving experience." Human Andrology 5, no. 3 (September 2015): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xha.0000466924.71680.f4.

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Sharifi-Aghdas, F., and N. Ghaderian. "Female paraurethral cysts: experience of 25 cases." BJU International 93, no. 3 (February 2004): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04615.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Female experience'

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