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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Female distance runners'

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Published: 10 December 2022

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Watkins, Irina Kaarina. "ONCE A RUNNER, ALWAYS A RUNNER? ATHLETIC RETIREMENT PROCESSES OF FINNISH FEMALE DISTANCE RUNNERS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/276760.

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Kinesiology
M.S.
This qualitative study examined the athletic retirement processes of Finnish female elite distance runners retrospectively, and was loosely based on the theoretical-conceptual background of sport career transition models (Stambulova, 2003; Taylor & Ogilvie, 1994). The participants were Finnish female distance runners who have competed at the national level, or at the international level as members of the Finnish national track and field team. In Finland, the athletic retirement process has not been studied extensively, especially among distance runners. A total of nine former female runners who had retired 10 years prior and no less than one year ago participated in the study. The qualitative data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews in Finland, using an interview guide constructed by Kadlcik and Flemr (2008) as a model. Seven of the interviews were performed face-to-face, one via Skype, and one via telephone. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a total of seven themes with 25 subthemes emerged from the data. The themes that emerged included: (1) avenues to become a distance runner, (2) meaning of running, (3) pre-retirement conditions, (4) retirement, (5) factors affecting quality of retirement, (6) major effects of retirement, and (7) current life. Several reasons for sport career termination were identified, loss of motivation being the most prevalent. Most athletes did not have a plan for how to deal with retirement, although studying and other interests played an important role when methods of adaptation were discussed. As in previous studies conducted in other countries, the former Finnish athletes experienced significant changes in many aspects of their lives, including social, psychological and health. Overall, the participants reported a challenging, but not overwhelming athletic career retirement process, with two out of nine participants stating that the transition was somewhat difficult. Recommendations for researchers and practitioners are also discussed.
Temple University--Theses

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Braddick, Jeanne Ann. "Energy intake and expenditure in individual female collegiate distance runners." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41556.

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In recent studies, caloric intakes among female distance runners were reported to be insufficient to support training intensities. To study energy intake and expenditure in female collegiate distance runners, ten members of the Virginia Tech cross-country team were utilized as subjects.

Master of Science

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Walny, Rachel M. "Iron Status and Dietary Patterns of Collegiate Female Distance Runners." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1608758582642789.

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Cunningham, Ruthann. "Variations in Running Form Among Female Sprinters, Middle, and Distance Runners." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3128.pdf.

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Newcomer, Lisa. "Dietary intake and iron deficiency in college age female distance runners." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539799.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether adherance to a modified vegetarian diet predisposed young female athletes to iron deficiency. Two groups of female distance runners volunteered to be subjects for this study. One group consisted of women who regularly consumed red meat, and the other groups women who consumed a modified vegetarian diet. Three day dietary records analyzed to estimate nutrient intake, including available iron. Measures of serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, percent transferrin saturation, hemoglobin and hematocrit were done to asses iron status. The two groups did not differ in the amount of total iron or available iron in their diets. The red meat eating subjects consumed significantly more heme iron from their diets than the modified vegetarians; however there were no differences between the two groups in any of the measures of hematological or iron status. While there were no differences between the two groups in the percent of subjects classified in each stage, 37% of all of the subjects were classified as having a stage 1 deficiency, associated with iron deficient stores, and 11% of the subjects were classified as having a stage 2 deficiency, indicating iron deficient erythropoiesis. None of the subjects were anemic. The results indicate that adherance to a modifed vegetarian diet in this age group did not increase the risk of iron deficiency.
School of Physical Education

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Dvorak, Linda. "Dietary intake and iron deficiency in middle age female distance runners." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/471158.

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The role of food intake and nutrition in athletic performance has gained much recognition in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess whether female runners who consumed a modified vegetarian diet had different iron parameters than female runners who consumed a diet that included red meat. Methods: Two groups of female runners (n=18) volunteered as subjects for this study. One group was composed of women who regularly consumed a modified vegetarian diet (V group) and the other group was composed of women who consumed a diet which included red meat (RM group). The groups were comparable in age, weight, aerobic capacity, number of pregnancies and years since last pregnancy. Dietary analyses and biochemical analyses for the three stages of iron deficiency characterized by iron depletion, iron deficient erythropoiesis and iron deficiency anemia were performed to compare iron status of the two groups of athletes. Results: Serum ferritin values of the V group were significantly lower (p=.001) than those of the RM group. Of all the athletes examined, 56% had serum ferritin values indicative of storage iron depletion. Mean values for serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and percent transferrin saturation were in the normal range for both groups, but TIBC values of the V group were significantly higher (p=.02) than the TIBC values of the RM group. Individually, four of the subjects, 22%, (3 V group and 1 RM group), had iron values indicative of iron deficient erythropoiesis. None of the other iron parameters was significantly different between the groups and none of the subjects was clinically anemic. The mean daily iron intake was not significantly different between the groups, but both groups averaged less than the RDA. The total caloric intake of both groups averaged less than 1800 kcals/day with 50% of the athletes consuming less than 1800 kcals/day, and another 28% consumed between 1800-2100 kcals/day. The V group consumed significantly more carbohydrate (p=.02) and less protein (p=.001) than the RM group, but none of the other dietary variables were significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The two groups of subjects ingested almost the same amount of iron/day, however, the bioavailability of the iron in the diets may have affected iron absorption as the iron stores of the V group were lower than those of the RM group.

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Hind, Karen. "Energy balance and bone mineral density on male and female distance runners." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5405/.

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Reports of lumbar spine (IS) skeletal deficits in female athletes with menstrual disorders are common, although it is not clear whether the deficits are confined to this group. The main factor presumed to be responsible is oestrogen deficiency characterised by amenorrhoea, however emerging evidence indicates that energy deficiency can also disturb bone turnover. This thesis aimed to determine whether male distance runners are at a comparable risk for bone loss and whether there was a relationship between reported energy balance and BMD. Methods: 109 distance runners (18-50 years) participated (65 females, 44 males). A questionnaire assessed menstrual status, performance level and training characteristics. 7-day dietary and exercise records were used to quantify energy balance. LS, dual femur (DF) and total body (TB) BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone size was accounted for: bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) = BMD / √Bone area. Results: Male and female IS T-scores were similar (-0.8, -0.8). 41.6% of female and 36.4% of male runners were osteopenic (LS). Age, BMI and body fat- adjusted LS T-scores were lower in male than female runners (p<0.05). Adjusted LS T-scores were lower in male compared to eumenorrhoeic runners (p<0.01). Female runners who used the oral contraceptive pill had similar BMD to amen/oligo-menorrhoeic runners, which were significantly lower than eumenorrhoeic runners (p<0.01). These runners were also more energy deficient (p<0.01). Elite runners had greater energy deficits, lower IS T-scores, BMAD and a smaller bone area than club runners (p<0.001). DF and TB T-scores were normal, did not correlate with weekly mileage and after adjustment for calcium intake, did not correlate with energy balance. IS T-score negatively correlated with stress fracture incidence (p

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Canady, Andrea. "Eating disorder symptoms and exercise motivations across exercise investment levels among female distance runners." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33879.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of eating disorder symptoms and differences in exercise motivations in female distance runners at various exercise investment levels. One hundred and seven distance runners, aged 19 to 59 years, who run a minimum of five kilometers, three times per week, were asked to complete three questionnaires. The runners across exercise investment levels were not found to differ in Eating Disorder Inventory sub-scale scores. They differed from college women only in exhibiting fewer symptoms on Drive for Thinness (p < .05), Body Dissatisfaction (p < .001), and Interoceptive Awareness (p < .001). Significant differences in the Exercise Orientation Questionnaire sub-scale scores were found between the least and most exercise-invested runners with the latter scoring significantly higher on Exercise Orientation (P < .0001), Identity (p < .004), and Competition (p < .002). It was concluded that while eating disorder symptoms among female distance runners at various investment levels are no different, exercise motivations are different across levels of exercise.

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Perrin, Megan-Anne. "Effects of media messages on disordered eating development among female collegiate distance runners." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13765.

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Master of Science
School of Journalism and Mass Communications
Nancy Muturi
This study was an examination of the determinants of disordered eating development among female collegiate distance runners. More specifically, the study examined the impact of thinness-emphasizing and thinness-promoting messages disseminated by mass media and running-specific media, and how those messages affected disordered eating among a sample of female collegiate distance runners. It also examines current female collegiate distance runners’ attitudes toward disordered eating, subjective norms from referent individuals close to female collegiate distance runners regarding disordered eating, and female collegiate distance runners’ perceived behavioral control regarding disordered eating—which was divided into various internal and external control factors either inhibiting or facilitating disordered eating among them. The study was qualitative in nature and assumed a multi-method approach. It included an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire among 166 current NCAA Division I female distance runners; four small, confidential focus groups with current NCAA Division I female distance runners from four different teams; and 16 in-depth interviews with professional distance runners, dietitians, coaches, physicians, and sports psychologists. The study sought to answer four research questions—each based on an element of the study’s guiding theory, the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991). Overall, the study found media messages, attitudes, subjective norms, and various internal and external control factors all facilitated disordered eating among NCAA Division I female distance runners. Based upon these findings, the study offers recommendations for practitioners in the field of health communication, coaches, academic institutions with cross country and track teams, and female collegiate distance runners.

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Therrian, Franklin James. "Macronutrient intake and fluid status of elite female distance runners at moderate altitude." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20120.

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Master of Science
Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics
Betsy Barrett
The topic of athlete nutrition has been discussed amongst competitors, coaches, and nutrition professionals since the dawn of the Modern Olympic Movement in 1896 and has led to many strategies to help athletes compete at a higher level. Endurance athletes have been studied around the world. However, studies conducted with elite distance runners at altitude have focused mainly on male athletes in Kenya or Ethiopia. Despite the efforts of researchers over the years in the area of athlete nutrition there has been little research that specifically focuses on elite female distance runners and little evidence is available about the dietary habits and beliefs of these athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the macronutrient and fluid intakes of female distance runners and to determine if current fad diets and specific athletic events impact their eating habits. Seven female elite distance runners (six of European and one of Asian descent) training at altitude completed the study. Their specific events ranged from the 5-K to ultra-marathon. The athletes entered their food, fluid and physical activity for six weeks and submitted a report weekly to the researcher. The data was entered by the researcher into myfitnesspal.com which tabulated the data. The results recorded into Excel spreadsheets for each athlete. At the end of the six weeks, all data was compiled to get a total intake for each athlete and the group as a whole. Mean, minimums, maximums, and standard deviations were used for data analysis. At the end of the six weeks, a telephone interview was conducted with each athlete to determine their eating habits, attitudes towards food, how others impacted their eating and if they were following a fad diet and why. Results indicated that these athletes reported lower mean carbohydrate (51±19.4% of calories) and higher protein (19±6% of calories) intake than is recommended per the Joint Statement of the ADA, DC and ACSM (2009). Fat and fluid consumption were adequate, but overall calories taken in were a little lower than calories expended. The athletes avoided soy, high fructose corn syrup, artificial sweeteners, dairy, and fried foods and focused on eating more fruits and vegetables. Five of the seven athletes were following a gluten free diet because they felt it gave them a competitive edge, increased performance, and reduced GI distress. Based on the results of this study, coaches and athletes should focus on perceived exertion in workouts, macronutrient amounts and overall calories to ensure the athlete is able to compete at a high level.

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Clews, Gayelene, and n/a. "The Influence of an education program directed at dysfunctional eating on female distance runners." University of Canberra. School of Human and Biomedical Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050331.141947.

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This study examined the effectiveness of a multi-dimensional education program in facilitating attitude changes in adolescent female athletes away from dysfunctional eating behaviours and restrictive body image. Although research is available for diagnosing and identifying the problems associated with dysfunctional eating behaviours and attitudes in female athletes, few preventative tools have been proposed in order to address the problem. This study involved the design, delivery and the evaluation of a proposed a multi-dimensional education model as a preventative tool. The research design involved 18 teenage female middle/long distance runners, aged between 13 and 19, who were registered with the ACT Cross Country Club. The study was a quantitative and qualitative investigation employing a pre and post test design and using the process of triangulation to increase the study's validity. It was proposed that a multi-dimensional education program might be effective in steering attitudes away from dysfunctional eating behaviours and body image and that a mixed method design may corroborate and elaborate on the findings of the study to strengthen the understanding of the potential benefits of such an education program has to its participants. Results showed that education proved to be a successful tool in facilitating attitudinal changes in a positive direction, across a number of variables such as menstrual functioning, nutrition, flexibility, strength, and general awareness, on what constitutes a balanced healthy athletic body.

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Alex, Melissa L. "Relationship Between Stress, Dietary Intake, and Perception of Performance Amongst Female Long-Distance Runners." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542294262046714.

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Minagawa, Sakiko C. "Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Young Adult Female Distance Runners." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554715996907624.

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Vaughan, Robert H. (Robert Harris). "Physiologic and Hematologic Responses Resulting From High-Intensity Training Among Elite Female Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330610/.

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The problem addressed in this study is whether physiologic, hematologic, and performance parameters obtained during and after a long term program of anaerobic and aerobic exercise can be used as markers of chronic fatigue.

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Johnston, Carrie Lynn. "Change in diet and body composition between training and competitive phases of female long distance runners." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0003/MQ33235.pdf.

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Coffey, Alaina B. "Implementation of a Nutrition Education Curriculum to Optimize Carbohydrate and Energy Intake among Male and Female Adolescent Distance Runners." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841681.

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While adolescent endurance runners are at risk for energy deficiency, limited studies have evaluated the effect of a nutrition education intervention. We evaluated the effect of a 4-week nutrition curriculum on adolescent cross-country runners’ nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and self-efficacy to optimize intake of nutrient-dense carbohydrate foods, using a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design. Runners (n = 45; n = 26 F, n = 19 M; age 15.7 ± 0.2y) attended 4 weekly 30 to 60-minute lessons. Baseline body weight and composition were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Paired samples t-tests measured difference in nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy scores, before and after each lesson. Mean nutrition knowledge scores significantly increased from pre- to post-test for lessons 1 and 2 (p < .001). Mean self-efficacy scores significantly improved pre- to post-test for all lessons (p < .001). Findings suggest a benefit of the curriculum to increase nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and support dietary behaviors promoting increase in nutrient-dense carbohydrate intake among adolescent runners.

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Busanich, Rebecca Lee Verkerke. "Changing the lens: looking beyond disordered eating and into the meanings of the body, food and exercise relationship in distance runners." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/928.

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The relationship between the body, food and exercise is complex and remains poorly understood within the athletic population. Much of what is currently known stems from disordered eating literature grounded in objectivist perspectives. While this literature has been fruitful, it has limited our understanding of athletes' eating and body experiences as they have primarily been conceptualized through an objectivist lens as pathological and/or linked to individual psychological deficiencies (e.g., low self-esteem, body image distortion). In turn, the ways in which food and exercise are negotiated and experienced by athletes in the context of taken-for-granted social, cultural and gendered discourses had not yet been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to use an alternative theoretical perspective (i.e., feminist psychology) to look beyond the traditional objectivist notion of `disordered eating' and explore the complex relationship between the body, food and exercise in athletes (i.e., male and female distance runners), including the underlying meanings surrounding the athletic body and the role of gender and power in the social construction of their body experiences. A narrative approach drawing from Sparkes & Smith (2008), Smith & Sparkes (2008, 2010), and Riessman (1993, 2008) was used to accomplish this research goal. As such, participants were asked to tell stories about their body experiences, in relation to both eating and exercising, over the course of two separate individual interviews, as well as to create a visual representation/story of their running experience. These stories stood as the backdrop through which meanings were sought, as they provided a window into larger social, cultural and historical narratives as well as the process of individual meaning-making around the body, food and exercise (Riessman, 1993, 2008; Smith & Sparkes, 2010). A total of nine recreational distance runners (5 males, 4 females) and three elite (i.e., collegiate or post-collegiate) distance runners (1 male, 2 females) participated in the study. Together, these 12 runners produced a sum of 23 narrative interviews and 11 visual narratives, all of which underwent a combined thematic, dialogic/performance and visual analysis. The results of this thorough analysis indicated that the runners' stories were primarily situated in broader self-identity narratives and further demarcated by one of two opposing running narratives that shifted the meanings around the body, food and exercise in complex ways. Furthermore, their stories, along with the construction of meanings around the body, food and exercise, were found to be situated and negotiated within gendered narratives of the self. The ways in which the runners drew upon these narratives, and formed meanings within them, directly impacted their thoughts, emotions and behaviors around their bodies, food and exercise in both empowering (i.e., positive and healthy) and/or disempowering ways. As such, this study highlighted the complexity of the body, food and exercise relationship in distance runners and demonstrated how athletes' eating and exercising practices are socially and culturally formed through the narratives made available to them.

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Angelo, Shalea K. "Differences in perceived athletic competence between male and female collegiate distance runners, middle distance runners, and sprinters." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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康風都. "Study on Anaerobic Running Capacity of Short-Distance Female Runners." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73081914996307373753.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育研究所
88
The purposes of this study were to determine the anaerobic running capacity (ARC) and to study the correlation between ARC values and running performance. Sixteen female runners were tested on five short-distance runs with balanced order. The ARC data were obtained from the calculations using non-linear velocity-time model, linear model of velocity-1/time model, linear model of distance-time and non-linear model of three parameters. ARC data were analyzed by ANOVA with one-way repeated measures to study the significance of ARC values among different models. To further study the correlation between ARC values and anaerobic capacity tests, the measurements of vertical jump, Margaria-Kalamen test, and Wingate test on runners were also conducted. Pearson's product-moment statistic model was employed to determine the correlation between the ARC values obtained from the mathematical model and anaerobic capacity. It was found that ARC values calculated from different models were significantly different. While, the ARC that determined by the 3P model was the best predictor of all the anaerobic running distance tests. Correlation between ARC and anaerobic capacity revealed significant correlation between two non-linear models and anaerobic capacity, and higher correlation was found between the ARC determined by the 3P model and anaerobic capacity(r=.810-.830). It is concluded that 3P non-linear model is the best model for evaluating ARC in female short-distance runners.

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Bucan, Sanja. "Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors for Male and Female Ethiopian Long Distance Runners." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1219.

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Based on Self-Determination Theory (e.g., Deci & Ryan, 1985a, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2002) this research focused on the motivation of ten elite Ethiopian male and female long distance runners. The semi-structured interview guide based on the SDT was transcribed verbatim and subjected to an inductive-deductive analysis approach based on the methodological guidance provided by Maykut & Morehouse (1994). Results revealed the integrated type of motivation to be the most evident among the runners. The data were organized into three broad categories that emerged through the interviews. The three categories are nationalism, economics and fame. Within each category there are themes or subcategories that emerged across various perceptions of the Ethiopian runners. The data revealed that among different types of motivation classified by the Self-Determination Theory (e.g., Deci & Ryan, 1985a, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2002) there are multiple social factors that influence Ethiopian runners as well.

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Bolles, Jeffrey R. "Aerobic power, OBLA and running economy as determinants of 5-kilometer running performance in female distance runners." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Williams, Kristen Jane. "The effects of a running lifestyle on body composition and caloric intake in female distance runners." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27579.

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Mojock, Christopher D. "The effects of static stretching on running economy and endurance performance in female distance runners during treadmill running." 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04132009-153410.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2009.
Advisor: Lynn Panton, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed July 6, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 48 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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de, la Cruz Lemmuel Domingo. "The effects of a short-term plyometrics program on the running economy and Achilles tendon properties of female distance runners." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/801.

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This study examined the effects of plyometrics on running economy, performance, and Achilles tendon properties in female distance runners. Seventeen University athletes matched by running economy were randomly assigned to an experimental group that received supplementary plyometrics training (n=9) or a control group that performed run-training only (n=8). Subject attrition led to a final sample of twelve runners (6 experimental, 6 controls). Measurements were made pre-post an 8-week training period. Running economy was measured as oxygen consumption at three submaximal speeds, performance as time to run 3000 meters, and Achilles tendon properties were estimated via ultrasound during ramp, quasi-isometric plantar flexion to maximum on an isokinetic dynamometer. No significant differences were found between the two groups after eight weeks because of poor subject compliance and excessive variability in ultrasound measurements. The results are inconclusive as to the effect of supplementary plyometric training on running economy, performance and Achilles tendon properties.

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