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Journal articles on the topic 'Female authorship'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Conzen, Catharina, Karlijn Hakvoort, Hans Clusmann, and Anke Höllig. "Female Participation in Academic European Neurosurgery—A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070834.

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The study aims to provide data on authors’ gender distribution with special attention on publications from Europe. Articles (October 2019–March 2020) published in three representative neurosurgical journals (Acta Neurochirurgica, Journal of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery) were analyzed with regard to female participation. Out of 648 publications, 503 original articles were analyzed: 17.5% (n = 670) of the 3.821 authors were female, with 15.7% (n = 79) females as first and 9.5% (n = 48) as last authors. The lowest ratio of female first and last authors was seen in original articles published in the JNS (12.3%/7.7% vs. Neurosurgery 14.9%/10.6% and Acta 23.0/11.5%). Articles originated in Europe made up 29.8% (female author ratio 21.1% (n = 226)). Female first authorship was seen in 20.7% and last authorship in 10.7% (15.3% and 7.3% were affiliated to a neurosurgical department). The percentages of female authorship were lower if non-original articles (n = 145) were analyzed (11.7% first/4.8% last authorships). Female participation in editorial boards was 8.0%. Considering the percentages of European female neurosurgeons, the current data are proportional. However, the lack of female last authors, the discrepancy regarding non-original articles and the composition of the editorial boards indicate that there still is a structural underrepresentation and that females are limited in achieving powerful positions.

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Farooq, Syeda A., Aeman Muneeb, Khadija Farooq, Kota Sahara, Diamantis Tsilimigras, Katiuscha Merath, Rittal Mehta, Anghela Paredes, Timothy M. Pawlik, and Mary E. Dillhoff. "Female Authorship in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229, no. 4 (October 2019): S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.385.

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3

Cox, Amelia R., and Robert Montgomerie. "The cases for and against double-blind reviews." PeerJ 7 (April 2, 2019): e6702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6702.

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To date, the majority of authors on scientific publications have been men. While much of this gender bias can be explained by historic sexism and discrimination, there is concern that women may still be disadvantaged by the peer review process if reviewers’ biases lead them to reject publications with female authors more often. One potential solution to this perceived gender bias in the reviewing process is for journals to adopt double-blind reviews whereby neither the authors nor the reviewers are aware of each other’s identity and gender. To test the efficacy of double-blind reviews in one behavioral ecology journal (Behavioral Ecology, BE), we assigned gender to every authorship of every paper published for 2010–2018 in that journal compared to four other journals with single-blind reviews but similar subject matter and impact factors. While female authorships comprised only 35% of the total in all journals, the double-blind journal (BE) did not have more female authorships than its single-blind counterparts. Interestingly, the incidence of female authorship is higher at behavioral ecology journals (BE and Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology) than in the ornithology journals (Auk, Condor, Ibis) for papers on all topics as well as those on birds. These analyses suggest that double-blind review does not currently increase the incidence of female authorship in the journals studied here. We conclude, at least for these journals, that double-blind review no longer benefits female authors and we discuss the pros and cons of the double-blind reviewing process based on our findings.

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Taha, Birra, Praneeth Sadda, Graham Winston, Eseosa Odigie, Cristina Londono, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Susan C. Pannullo, and Caitlin Hoffman. "Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (March 2021): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20939.

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OBJECTIVEA meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery.METHODSAuthor names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time.RESULTSThe metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52–2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s.CONCLUSIONSLarge meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.

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Gómez-Bravo, Ana M. "«Female (co)authorship in Cancionero Poetry»." Revista de Literatura Medieval 30 (December 31, 2018): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/rpm.2018.30.0.74048.

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Resumen: La autoría femenina era una cuestión polémica en la Iberia del siglo XV y principios del XVI. Gran parte de la producción poética de este período estaba asociada con la interacción social, lo que permitía una compleja negociación de la autoría y los papeles de género. Si bien el discurso femenino era fundamental para la escritura poética y las prácticas culturales relacionadas con el mismo, estaban en funcionamiento prácticas editoriales que suprimían las contribuciones de las mujeres a la escritura. El estudio apunta a una imbricación textual del discurso femenino y masculino en varias etapas de la composición poética y propone una reconsideración de las aproximaciones a la autoría femenina (y masculina).Palabras clave: Cancionero, mujeres escritoras, poesía medieval, poesía renacentista.Abstract: Female authorship was a contentious subject in fifteenth- and early sixteen-century Iberia. During the period, a substantial amount of poetic production was associated with social interaction, which enabled a complex negotiation of authorship and gender roles. While female discourse was central to poetic writing and to the cultural practices connected to it, editorial practices worked to erase women’s contributions to poetic writing. The study shows a textual imbrication of female and male discourse at several stages of poetic composition and proposes a reconsideration of existing approaches to female (and male) authorship.Keywords: Cancionero, Women writers, medieval poetry, renaissance poetry.

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Labinaz, Alisha, Jeffrey A. Marbach, Richard G. Jung, Robert Moreland, Pouya Motazedian, Pietro Di Santo, Aisling A. Clancy, et al. "Female Authorship in Preclinical Cardiovascular Research." JACC: Basic to Translational Science 4, no. 4 (August 2019): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.04.004.

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7

van Doren, Sophie, Margarita Brida, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Aleksander Kempny, Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, Ulrike M. M. Bauer, Helmut Baumgartner, and Gerhard Paul Diller. "Sex differences in publication volume and quality in congenital heart disease: are women disadvantaged?" Open Heart 6, no. 1 (April 2019): e000882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000882.

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BackgroundWomen are underrepresented in leading medical positions and academia. The gender-gap in authorship of congenital heart disease (CHD) publications remains unknown. As determinants of gender equity in this field are poorly characterised, we aimed to quantify and characterise publications in CHD and to assess factors associated with female representation in research.Methods and resultsWe identified 35 118 CHD publications between 2006 and 2015 for which author gender could be ascertained. Overall, 25.0% of all authors were female. Women accounted for 30.2% and 20.8% of all first and senior authorship positions with great geographic heterogeneity. While globally female first and senior authorship increased by 0.8% and 0.6%/year, some geographic regions showed no improvement in gender representation. Significant predictors of female first authorship on logistic regression analysis were country gross domestic product, human development index, gender inequality index and a female senior author (p<0.0001 for all). Publications with a female lead author tended to be published in journals with a higher impact factor (IF) and to attract more citations compared with those with a male author. Mixed gender authorship was associated with higher IF and number of citations. Women were less disadvantaged when the analysis was confined to original research.ConclusionsWhile modest improvement in female authorship over time was noted, women remain underrepresented in contemporary academic CHD. Manuscripts with mixed gender authorship had higher IF and more citations. The main predictor of female first authorship was a female senior author. These data should inform policy recommendations regarding gender parity.

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8

Swarnkar, Pari, Vikram Sinha, Carole Spake, Joseph Crozier, Ledibabari M. Ngaage, Lauren O. Roussel, and Mimi R. Borrelli. "Women in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery: An Analysis of Female Authorship in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Over the Last 10 Years." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 38, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806821991416.

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There is a significant gender gap in research conducted by women in plastic surgery. Previous work has not explored female authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery. We asked how authorship trends in cosmetic plastic surgery compare with those in plastic surgery overall, over the last 10 years. All the articles published in Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (JPRAS), Facial Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine (JAMA facial plastics), and Aesthetic Surgery Journal. (ASJ) in 2009, 2014, and 2019 were retrieved. The gender of the first and last author was determined. In addition, article type and total number of authors were extracted. Chi-square or Fisher exact test were performed to determine differences between groups Linear regression models were used to investigate whether total number of authors, or female last authorship predicted female first authorship. A total of 4358 articles were reviewed. Of these, 16.6% (n = 723) were published by a female first and/or last author. Percent of female first and/or last author increased with time, from only 12.2% in 2008, to 15.9% in 2014, reaching 21.7% in 2019. A total of 25% (n = 181) of randomized controlled trials were published by a female first and/or last author compared with only 14% (n = 440) of case studies. Female first and last authorship both increased across the 10-year study period, but there were consistently more female first authors than female last authors in all 3 surveyed years ( P < .001). There was an 86% increased chance of female first authorship if the last author was also female ( P < .001), and a 7% increased likelihood of female first authorship ( P = .002). Women have a lower representation in the cosmetic plastic surgery literature than men. This gender disparity gap, however, is decreasing. While encouraging, opportunities for improvement remain.

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9

Athy, Angela, and William J. Scheick. "Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 53, no. 1 (1999): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1347967.

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Hammond, Jeffrey A., and William J. Scheick. "Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America." William and Mary Quarterly 56, no. 1 (January 1999): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674603.

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Hallock, Thomas, and William J. Scheick. "Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America." South Atlantic Review 64, no. 1 (1999): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3201761.

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12

Bergeron, Jennifer L., Reason Wilken, Mia E. Miller, Nina L. Shapiro, and Neil Bhattacharyya. "Measurable Progress in Female Authorship in Otolaryngology." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 147, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812438171.

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Andry, Danielle, Clayton Moliver, and Linda G. Phillips. "An Analysis of Female Plastic Surgery Authorship." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 143, no. 1 (January 2019): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000005098.

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14

Vietto, Angela, and William J. Scheick. "Authority and Female Authorship in Colonial America." New England Quarterly 71, no. 4 (December 1998): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/366620.

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Bhagat, Vijay. "Women Authorship of Scholarly Publications on COVID-19: Leadership Analysis." Feminist Research 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj2.20010102.

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Women are continuously underrepresented in authorship of scholarly publications. 1) The authorship positions as first -, last and corresponding author, and 2) performance as citations and Altmetric records of published papers are indicators of leadership qualities of the authors. Comparative leadership qualities of women authors were calculated using odds ratios. The proportion analysis was performed to get comparative contributions and per article citations and Altmetric records to understand the quality of publications. Information about scholarly publications was downloaded from Dimensions and data about names and gender was collected from different online sources. Author’s gender was detected based on first name. The proportions of women authorship as first, last and corresponding author were calculated to understand the share of women in scholarly publications. Women show underrepresentation in authorship of scholarly publications on COVID-19. Female-to-male odds ratio was calculated for these authorships and the performance was calculated of research papers authored by women as first and last authors. Female-to-male odds ratios calculated for 1) women authorships as first author, 2) citations, and 3) Altmetric tracking records for articles authored by women as first author were more than 1. Further, 1) women authorship as last- and corresponding authors and 2) citations and Altmetric tracking records for articles authored women as last author show calculated value were less than 1. All these ratios were considered as indicators of women leadership in scholarly publications on COVID-19. Leadership index was calculated to understand the level of women leadership in this field. Calculated leadership index for women (7.11) shows leadership qualities of women authors. Financial support provided was almost equal for research reported in women and men first authored papers. The field is very new; it is as active and challenging area of research for social justice and welfare society. The method and results reported in the paper is useful for preparation of research policies and monitoring the research projects, grants with feminist approach.

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Hauser, Emily. "Erica Jong’s Sappho’s Leap:(Re-)constructing Gender and Authorship through Sappho." Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, no. 12 (November 8, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/syn.25258.

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For contemporary female authors, Sappho is a literary forebear who is both a model for women’s writing and a reminder of the ways in which women have been excluded from the literary canon. Poet and novelist Erica Jong takes up the challenge to gender and authorship posed by Sappho in her 2003 novel, Sappho’s Leap. Jong weaves Sappho’s poetry into her fiction to both complement the Sapphic tradition and to supplant it, proving that female poetry —and authorship— is alive and well, with Sappho continually mediated by and validating each subsequent writer in the female tradition. In addition, Jong’s emphasis on the authentic expression of sexual desire as a bridge to authorship transcends gender binaries, turning Sappho’s Leap into a study of authorship that is not confined to gender. This enables Jong to shift the debate away from the sense of burden placed on female authors post- Sappho and to transform her Sappho into a positive role model for all authors, turning the focus towards a poetics of passion and away from prescriptive assumptions of the relationship between gender and authorship.

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Yun, Eun Joo, Dae Young Yoon, Bitna Kim, Ji Yoon Moon, Soo Jeong Yoon, Su Jin Hong, and Sora Baek. "Closing the Gender Gap: Increased Female Authorship inAJRandRadiology." American Journal of Roentgenology 205, no. 2 (August 2015): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.14.14225.

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Andry, Danielle, Clayton Moliver, and Linda Phillips. "Abstract P15. Analysis of Female Plastic Surgery Authorship." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 5 (February 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0000513389.89203.50.

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Cavero, José María, Belén Vela, Paloma Cáceres, Carlos Cuesta, and Almudena Sierra-Alonso. "The evolution of female authorship in computing research." Scientometrics 103, no. 1 (December 25, 2014): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1520-3.

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Handyside, Fiona. "Girlhood, postfeminism and contemporary female art-house authorship." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 10 (December 16, 2015): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.10.02.

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Both Sofia Coppola and Mia Hansen-Løve’s first three films can be understood as trilogies of female coming of age. These are thematic or conceptual trilogies, declared as such after the fact by their directors, and thus a self-conscious declaration of authorial agency, but the trilogy itself is not given a definitive name. This article explores the complex position these trilogies thus occupy. On the one hand, they testify to the impact of feminist activism and theorising on filmmaking, as they demonstrate the creative power and autonomy of the postfeminist auteur. On the other, they concentrate on narrow, girlish worlds, and remain marked by hesitancy and containment, demonstrating the persistent restrictions for women within postfeminist cultural norms.

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Annesley, Thomas M. "Gender Authorship in the Field of Clinical Chemistry." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 5, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa096.

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Abstract Background Gender underrepresentation has long existed in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. While there are upward trends in many areas of the life and health sciences, some disciplines are underrepresented in female author numbers, including first and corresponding authors. This study evaluated the participation by women as authors in the field of clinical chemistry. Methods Clinical Chemistry and The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine were selected for data collection. Data were classified into four categories: total number of authors for each article, number of female authors for each article, whether the first author was female, and whether the corresponding author was female. From these data, the percentages of female authors, articles with female first authors, articles with female corresponding authors, and articles where a female was either first or corresponding author were calculated. Results Both journals had ≥40% total female authorship, ≥45% female first author, and 64% female first or corresponding author. The 40% female author number matched the percentage of female doctoral degree, board certified clinical chemists, and the 39% female PhDs and MDs in academic clinical pathology departments. Compared with a selected group of science or medicine journals and gender reports, Clinical Chemistry and The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine exceeded most journals and gender reports in female total authorship, first author, and corresponding author. Conclusions Women are well represented as authors in these two clinical chemistry journals. Both journals compare favorably against other scientific/medical journals. Female authorship in these two journals also parallels gender composition of the field of clinical chemistry.

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Hornstein, Paula, Hubert Tuyishime, Miriam Claire Mutebi, Nwamaka Lasebikan, Fidel Rubagumya, and Temidayo Fadelu. "Authorship gender equity in global oncology publications." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11008.

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11008 Background: There is increasing recognition of authorship inequity in academic medicine specialty publications. Analyses in other specialties note that female authors consistently comprise a minority of the first authors and an even smaller percentage of last authors. While this trend may be improving, we hypothesize that significant authorship gender disparities still exist in global oncology journals. Methods: This study comprehensively analyzes the gender distribution of authors for articles published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Global Oncology (JCO GO), a premier journal in the field, from its inauguration in 2016 to March 2020. A total of 608 articles were identified as matching one of the following six article types: original report, editorial, commentary, case report, special article, and review article. We collected data such as the author’s position, gender, institutional affiliation, and country affiliation. Author gender was categorized as male, female, or indeterminate based on first name probabilities assessed by genderize.io, with a threshold probability of 0.8 based on prior studies. Authorship distribution was analyzed by region and country income level according to the World Bank classification. Results: Of the 608 article first authors, 47.5% were identified as male, while 41.4% were female. Male authors made up a comparatively higher proportion of the 592 last authors; 57.1% were identified as male compared to 32.1% who were female. A similar trend was seen among the 4102 middle authors; 51.4% were identified as male and 38.1% were female. The percentage of authors deemed indeterminate in the cohort was less than 11%. Female authors were more underrepresented among authors from low-income countries; they made up 21.6% of first authors and 9.1% of last authors. Authorship gender by world regions is summarized in Table below. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that authorship inequities persist in global oncology publications. Female authors from lower-income countries, and regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, were markedly underrepresented. The underlying reasons for underrepresentation of female authors are multifactorial; further studies are needed to elucidate these factors and to develop and evaluate mitigating strategies.[Table: see text]

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Shah, Syed Ghulam Sarwar, Rinita Dam, Maria Julia Milano, Laurel D. Edmunds, Lorna R. Henderson, Catherine R. Hartley, Owen Coxall, Pavel V. Ovseiko, Alastair M. Buchan, and Vasiliki Kiparoglou. "Gender parity in scientific authorship in a National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre: a bibliometric analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e037935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037935.

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ObjectiveScientific authorship is a vital marker of achievement in academic careers and gender equity is a key performance metric in research. However, there is little understanding of gender equity in publications in biomedical research centres funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). This study assesses the gender parity in scientific authorship of biomedical research.DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective bibliometric study.SettingNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC).DataData comprised 2409 publications that were either accepted or published between April 2012 and March 2017. The publications were classified as basic science studies, clinical studies (both trial and non-trial studies) and other studies (comments, editorials, systematic reviews, reviews, opinions, book chapters, meeting reports, guidelines and protocols).Main outcome measuresGender of authors, defined as a binary variable comprising either male or female categories, in six authorship categories: first author, joint first authors, first corresponding author, joint corresponding authors, last author and joint last authors.ResultsPublications comprised 39% clinical research (n=939), 27% basic research (n=643) and 34% other types of research (n=827). The proportion of female authors as first author (41%), first corresponding authors (34%) and last author (23%) was statistically significantly lower than male authors in these authorship categories (p<0.001). Of total joint first authors (n=458), joint corresponding authors (n=169) and joint last authors (n=229), female only authors comprised statistically significant (p<0.001) smaller proportions, that is, 15% (n=69), 29% (n=49) and 10% (n=23) respectively, compared with male only authors in these joint authorship categories. There was a statistically significant association between gender of the last author with gender of the first author (p<0.001), first corresponding author (p<0.001) and joint last author (p<0.001). The mean journal impact factor (JIF) was statistically significantly higher when the first corresponding author was male compared with female (Mean JIF: 10.00 vs 8.77, p=0.020); however, the JIF was not statistically different when there were male and female authors as first authors and last authors.ConclusionsAlthough the proportion of female authors is significantly lower than the proportion of male authors in all six categories of authorship analysed, the proportions of male and female last authors are comparable to their respective proportions as principal investigators in the BRC. These findings suggest positive trends and the NIHR Oxford BRC doing very well in gender parity in the senior (last) authorship category. Male corresponding authors are more likely to publish articles in prestigious journals with high impact factor while both male and female authors at first and last authorship positions publish articles in equally prestigious journals.

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Ochuko-Emore, Mercy E., Julian Beezhold, and Jide Morakinyo. "Authorship, gender and geography in journals published by the Royal College of Psychiatrists." Psychiatrist 34, no. 11 (November 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.109.027920.

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Aims and methodTo determine female authorship of original articles and editorials between January 1997 and December 2008 in the British Journal of Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Bulletin. Editorials from Advances in Psychiatric Treatment and the geographical region of the female first author of original articles were also included in the study.ResultsThe gender was determined for 99.2% of the 2324 first authors of original articles and 100% of the 614 editorials. The percentage of original articles by female first authors fluctuated over the study period, ranging from 22.5 to 42.1% (mean 33.6) in the British Journal of Psychiatry, and from 25.5 to 46.8% (mean 37.6) in the Psychiatric Bulletin. There was a gross underrepresentation of females as first authors of editorials in all three journals. The percentage of female first authors of original articles from low- and middle-income countries ranged from 0.3 to 3.4% in both the British Journal of Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Bulletin.Clinical implicationsThere is an increasing trend in female first authorship of original articles. However, females remain underrepresented, especially in editorials, in the British psychiatric journals examined. The representation of female first authors from low- and middle-income countries is disproportionately low. Strategies to address these inequalities should be implemented.

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Miller, Ashley L., Vinay K. Rathi, Stacey T. Gray, and Regan W. Bergmark. "Female Authorship of Opinion Pieces in Leading Otolaryngology Journals between 2013 and 2018." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819886119.

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Although women represent an increasing proportion of the physician workforce, barriers to the professional advancement of women persist, particularly within surgical fields such as otolaryngology. Authorship of scientific opinion articles serves as an important opportunity for professional development. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to characterize the authorship patterns of scientific opinion articles by gender in leading otolaryngology journals between 2013 and 2018. Outcome measures were the number and proportion of female physician first authors and female last authors as compared with the proportion of the otolaryngology workforce. Between 2013 and 2018, female authors accounted for 24.1% of first of multiple authors, 30.4% of sole authors, and 25.3% of last authors. Women were equitably represented in comparison with the proportion of practicing female otolaryngologists (17.1% in 2017). The proportion of female first authorship increased from 20.0% in 2013 to 32.0% in 2018. Additional efforts are necessary to support the equitable advancement of women in otolaryngology.

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Shukla, Richa, and Sharmila Anandasabapathy. "Guidelines for Increasing Female Authorship of GI Society Guidelines." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 65, no. 8 (April 2, 2020): 2149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06211-8.

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Malchuk, Alexa Mieses, Megan Coffman, Elizabeth Wilkinson, and Yalda Jabbarpour. "Gender Concordance of First and Senior Authors in Family Medicine Journals." Family Medicine 53, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2021.355251.

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Background and Objectives: Women have increased in presence within academic family medicine over time yet remain underrepresented among senior faculty. Mentorship is a mechanism by which senior faculty support scholarly achievements, accelerating advancement of junior faculty. Methods: We analyzed 10 years (2008-2017) of original research articles in three peer-reviewed family medicine journals. We examined first author/last author pairs by gender as a proxy for mentorship of junior faculty by senior faculty. We compiled family medicine faculty data across 9 years to compare trends in scholarly mentorship with faculty advancement. Results: Female last authorship increased from 28.8% (55/191) of original research articles with a first and last author in 2008 to 41.8% (94/225) in 2017. The share of female first authors on articles with a female last author was 56.4% in 2008 and 2017. The share of female first authors on articles with a male last author increased from 41.2% (56/136) to 55.7% (73/131) between 2008 and 2017. From 2009-2017, the proportion of women increased for assistant, associate, and full professor roles, but remained under 50% for the associate professor role and at 35% for professorship in 2017. Conclusions: Despite disproportionate rates of last authorship and senior faculty positions in family medicine departments, senior female authors have equal if not greater rates of mentorship of female first authors in family medicine literature. The increase in first authorship, last authorship, and faculty position indicates that improvements have occurred in gender advancement over the study period, but gains are still needed to improve gender equity within the field.

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McNamara, Mairead Geraldine, John A. Bridgewater, Lipika Goyal, David Goldstein, Rachna T. Shroff, Markus H. Moehler, Maeve Aine Lowery, et al. "Gender representation in authorship in later-phase systemic clinical trials in biliary tract cancer (BTC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.348.

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348 Background: The proportion of females in medicine is increasing (approx. 50% in medical school/workforce), but disparities in female authorship in oncology research publications exist; female corresponding authorship reportedly ranges from 7.2-39.1% in oncology clinical trials (Ludmir et al 2019). This study aimed to describe and assess factors associated with female first and senior authorship in later phase systemic clinical trials in BTC and to identify any changes over time. Methods: Embase/Medline were used to identify final primary trial publications in BTC (2000-2020) (excluding phase I (PI) (expected to move to later phase), mixed tumour site trials, reviews, editorials and trial-in-progress publications). Gender was determined by inspection of names, google search and author communication. Chi-square tests and log regression were used to assess factors associated with female first and senior authorship, including changes over time (STATA16). Results: Of 501 publications, 163 met inclusion criteria; 80% single-arm PII and 15% and 5% randomised PII and PIII respectively; 73% enrolled ≤50 patients. Tumour primary sites were all BTC: 86%, cholangiocarcinoma: 8%, gallbladder cancer: 6%; 80% involved chemotherapy, 13% targeted therapy and 5% localised/systemic combinations; 65% were in first-line (1L) advanced setting, 17% post 1L, 13% advanced non-specified and 5% neo-adjuvant/adjuvant. Forty-eight percent received industry funding and 65% met primary end-point. Sixty-four percent were published post ABC-02 (Valle et al 2010). Publication impact factor (IF) was ≤5 in 50% and >20 in 12%. Median number of authors in all publications was 11. Geographic location of all first and senior authors were Asia (42%/42%), Europe (29%/29%), USA (24%/22%) and other (4%/6%), respectively. Median individual trial female author representation was 25%; there were no female authors in 12% of trials. Overall, female first and senior author representation was 21% and 11%, respectively. Median position of first female author was second. In publications with IF ≤20 and >20, there were 22% and 16% female first and 13% and 0% female senior authors, respectively. The phase of trial, journal IF, industry funding, or whether met primary end-point did not impact female first or senior author representation (all P>.05). There were more female senior authors associated with “other” geographic locations (40% in 10 trials) (P=.016) vs Asia (7%), Europe (8%) and USA (14%). There were no significant changes in female first or senior author representation over time (‘00-05: 21%/18%, ‘06-10: 27%/5%, ‘11-15: 15%/15%, ‘16-20: 22%/9%, P=.738, and P=.508 respectively). Conclusions: Female first and senior author representation in later phase systemic clinical trial publications in BTC is low and has not changed significantly over time. The underlying reasons for this imbalance need to be better understood and addressed.

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Bhattacharyya, Neil, and Nina L. Shapiro. "Increased Female Authorship in Otolaryngology Over the Past Three Decades." Laryngoscope 110, no. 3 (March 2000): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200003000-00005.

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Elhakimi, Wadei, Ahmed Al Othman, Mazen El Yahia, Amal Al Dawood, Sarah Al Sadiq, Mahmoud Mosli, and Turki Al Ameel. "Female authorship in major endocrinology journals: a 25-year progression." Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 23, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2018.1465252.

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Gill, Clare. "Olive Schreiner, Marie Corelli and the Anxieties of Female Authorship." Journal of Victorian Culture 25, no. 4 (August 14, 2020): 574–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcaa026.

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Abstract This article explores the competing models of gendered authorship emerging from Marie Corelli’s multiple print encounters with Olive Schreiner. Where Schreiner is cast by Corelli as the modish darling of a snobbish literary intelligentsia, who is beloved by critics and ignored by readers, Corelli herself emerges from her writings about Schreiner as the democratic author par excellence, a writer for the people rather than the press. In spite of the clear common ground that bridged their experience as celebrity authors, Corelli, in her writings about Schreiner, sought only to elucidate the ideological and artistic gulf that she identified as existing between them. As this essay will show, Corelli’s public resistance to Schreiner was a strike not only against an unfair male literary system of which she perceived Schreiner to be an arbitrary beneficiary, but also a rejection of the rhetoric of literary value that emerged in Britain during the fin de siècle. What Corelli failed to understand was that to be a woman writer at this time, however successful, was to occupy an ambiguous position within dominant, masculinist discourses of artistic distinction. A fuller exploration of Schreiner and Corelli’s positions within and experiences of the late-Victorian literary marketplace not only reveals the frailty of Correlli’s oppositional construction in real terms, but also signals the extent to which it was their shared status as women writers that was the key determinant shaping their respective experiences of professional authorship.

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Erden Aki, Ozlem, Elcin Ozcelik Eroglu, and Ece Uslu. "Longitudinal Analysis of Female Authorship of Psychiatry Articles in Turkey." Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi 52, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/npa.2015.7265.

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Zaimi, Ina, Arlind Decka, Matthew Michael Lee, Sarah Mohammed Al-Najar, Gabrielle Foster, Ruben Azocar, Sadeq Quraishi, and Andrea Tsai. "1049: FEMALE AUTHORSHIP TRENDS IN THE JOURNAL CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE." Critical Care Medicine 48, no. 1 (January 2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000643132.14603.27.

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Jabbarpour, Yalda, Elizabeth Wilkinson, Megan Coffman, and Alexa Mieses. "Has Female Authorship in Family Medicine Research Evolved Over Time?" Annals of Family Medicine 18, no. 6 (November 2020): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.2584.

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Elhakimi, Wadei, Ahmed Alothman, Mazen Elyahia, Amal Aldawood, Sarah Alsadiq, Mahmoud Mosli, and Turki Alameel. "Female Authorship in Major Endocrinology Journals: A 25-Year Progression." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 42, no. 5 (October 2018): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.08.110.

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Strand, Mattias, and Cynthia M. Bulik. "Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study." BJPsych Open 4, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2017.8.

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BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.

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Jawaid, N., K. Leung, and N. Bollegala. "A96 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY AUTHORSHIP AND EDITORIAL BOARDS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.094.

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Abstract Background Women are numerically under-represented in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. Aims To characterize the gender distribution of first and senior authors and editorial board members of the highest impact factor journals in gastroenterology and hepatology. Methods Using Clarivate Journal Citation Report 2019, the 28 highest ranked journals within gastroenterology and hepatology were selected for review, along with the Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. Publications between January 1 to December 31, 2019 were included. Gender of board members and authors was identified using publicly available data. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated using SPSS to assess for a relationship between editorial board, first author, and senior author gender as well as impact factor. Results Of 29 journals assessed with a median impact factor of 5.55 (IQR 3.72–9.10), 357 journal issues and 8036 articles were reviewed. Three journals were headed by female chief editors, constituting 7.7% of all editors-in-chief (3/39). In total, females made up 17.1% of editorial board members (n=584). Of 8036 first authors, 2547 (31.7%) were female. Of 7335 senior authors, 1390 (19.3%) were female. There were no statistically significant correlations between impact factor and gender. Chief editor gender did not significantly correlate with gender distribution of editorial boards, first or senior authors. There was a significant positive correlation between male-dominated editorial boards and male first and senior authorship, versus a significant negative correlation between male-dominated editorial boards and female first and senior authorship. A positive correlation exists for the same gender between first and senior authors. Conclusions Although gender distribution of female first and senior authorship approaches current distributions in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology, editor-in-chief positions and editorial board membership on journals continue to be occupied by men in higher proportions. Future endeavors such as diversity statements and mentorship may help to balance these distributions in the future. Funding Agencies None

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Farhan, Syed Ali, Izza Shahid, Javed Siddiqi, and Faisal Khosa. "Assessing the Gap in Female Authorship in Neurosurgery Literature: A 20-Year Analysis of Sex Trends in Authorship." World Neurosurgery 141 (September 2020): e661-e669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.248.

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Epstein, Nurith, and Daniel Lachmann. "Gender Inequity during the Ph.D.: Females in the Life Sciences Benefit Less from Their Integration into the Scientific Community." Social Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080140.

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Female researchers remain underrepresented in higher academic ranks, even within female-dominated fields, such as the life sciences. The phenomenon is often attributed to women’s lower publication productivity. The current article explores gender differences with respect to integration into the scientific community, pursued tasks during the Ph.D. (e.g., teaching and research), and publication productivity in the life sciences. Moreover, it explores how these variables relate to the intention of pursuing an academic research career. Survey data with recent Ph.D. graduates from the life sciences in Germany (N = 736) were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate analysis. Females had fewer publications as lead author (1.4 vs. 1.9, p = 0.05). There were no differences in pursued tasks, perceived integration into the scientific community, and co-authorship. However, Ph.D. characteristics affected females and males differently. Only male Ph.D. graduates benefited from being integrated into their scientific community by an increase in lead author publications. In contrast to male Ph.D. graduates, women’s academic career intentions were significantly affected by their integration into the scientific community and co-authorship. Results suggest that women may benefit less from their integration into the scientific community and may ascribe more importance to networks for their career progress.

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Gul, Sumeer, Tariq Ahmad Shah, Samir N. Hamade, Rabiya Mushtaq, and Ikrah Koul. "Effects of gender in library and information science research." Electronic Library 34, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-08-2014-0126.

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Purpose This study aims to showcase the effect of gender in the field of library and information science. Design/methodology/approach Research and review articles published from 2005 through 2014 in The Electronic Library, a prominent journal in the field of Library and Information Science, were examined from the perspective of authors’ gender. Influence of gender was assessed with respect to at individual and collaborative levels, quality in terms of citedness and citation count, and receipt of research grants. Findings There has been an increase in the proportion of male authors over the years with a resulting decline in female authors. Male authors are more productive as teachers, while females contribute more as working professionals or while they peruse their academic/research programmes. Though the productivity in collaborative works has increased in all gender combinations, it is more prominent when authors of opposite gender team up. No significant difference is observed in the number of national or international works produced in different collaborative authorship patterns. There is no difference in the number of male and female authors in male–female collaborative works. Works sponsored by grants are produced more frequently in groups comprising male–female or male–male members. No significant difference is observed in the number of cited or uncited works produced in different authorship patterns. The number of citations to works is independent of the nature of gender-wise authorship patterns. Research limitations/implications The study examines the status of women in research, specifically in the field of library and information science. The findings of the study are based on the contribution of the authors involved with the journal, “The Electronic Library”. Readers are encouraged to expand the study by including authors that contribute to other library and information science journals. Originality/value The study is first of its kind to highlight the involvement and observe the influence of female authors in the field of library and information science research.

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Poor. "“Ich schreyberin”: Rethinking Female Authorship with Anna Eybin's Table of Contents." Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures 42, no. 2 (2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.42.2.0201.

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Kreilkamp, Ivan. "Unuttered: Withheld Speech and Female Authorship in "Jane Eyre" and "Villette"." NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 32, no. 3 (1999): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1346151.

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Hesse, Carla. "Reading Signatures: Female Authorship and Revolutionary Law in France, 1750-1850." Eighteenth-Century Studies 22, no. 3 (1989): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2738897.

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Siddle, Jennica P., Sydney N. Ryckman, Cherri D. Hobgood, and Jeffrey A. Kline. "Positive and Negative Influences on Female First Authorship Emergency Medicine Research." Academic Emergency Medicine 26, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.13705.

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45

Henderson, Desirée. "Windows on Writing: Susanna Rowson and the Scene of Female Authorship." Studies in the Novel 49, no. 2 (2017): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sdn.2017.0014.

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McAvey, M. Sheila. "E. OE Somerville and Martin Ross: female authorship and literary collaboration." Irish Studies Review 26, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2018.1446303.

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47

Rigolot, François. "Et amans et poeta: Female Authorship from Antiquity to the Renaissance." Comparatist 36, no. 1 (2012): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/com.2012.0032.

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Bushyhead, Daniel W., and Lisa L. Strate. "1166 Female Authorship of Major Gastroenterology Society Guidelines and Technical Reviews." American Journal of Gastroenterology 114, no. 1 (October 2019): S650—S652. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000594192.64586.aa.

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Head, Matthew. "Beethoven Heroine: A Female Allegory of Music and Authorship in Egmont." 19th-Century Music 30, no. 2 (2006): 097–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2006.30.2.097.

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Almost a decade ago, Sanna Pederson observed that the heroic in the posthumous reception of Beet-hoven's life and music functions as a sign of the composer's unassailable masculinity. What Pederson did not explore, however, is how the construction of the heroic in Beethoven's works courts androgyny and so exhibits flexibility in precisely the realm of sex/gender that ossified after his death. In Beethoven's dramatic music, cross-dressed heroines move center stage, and their music courts a mixture of masculine and feminine signs that is not simply descriptive of their transvestism. Admittedly, female heroism in Beethoven's dramatic music is associated with conjugal fidelity (Leonore in Fidelio) and with the nationalist defense of Prussia against French invasion (Leonore Prohaska in Beethoven's incidental music of that name), but it also functioned as an allegory of the semiautonomous male artist and of transcendent authorship. Precisely because women were subject to severe constraints on their public actions, heroines who broke through those constraints were emblems of freedom. At the boundary of the real and the symbolic, women who transgressed sexual and gendered norms could serve as epitomes of transcendence in the aesthetic sphere. A case study of Beethoven's incidental music to Goethe's Egmont traces a metonymic chain linking the lead female character Klrchen to music, heroic overcoming, and authorship. Much of the music Beethoven composed for the play was for, or associated with, Klrchen, who comes to embody music and its production. Through music, Egmont is lulled to sleep in the concluding dungeon scene. And in this sleep, Klrchen appears to him as "Liberty," hovering on a cloud above the stage to a shimmering A-major-seventh chord. Communicating to the dozing hero through wordless musical pictorialism, she offers a glimpse of what in contemporary idealist aesthetics was music's otherworldly source.

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Caturegli, Ilaria, Giorgio Caturegli, Nicole Hays, Christopher Laird, Rena Malik, Yvonne Rasko, and Andrea C. Bafford. "Trends in female surgeon authorship – The role of the middle author." American Journal of Surgery 220, no. 6 (December 2020): 1541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.025.

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