Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Female authorship'

This study identifies and explores a recurrent trope in transatlantic literature by women in which the fictional female reader is used as a site on which to explore the anxiety of female authorship. Through their configurations of the reading woman in their fiction, the female authors examined in this thesis attempt to reconcile themselves with the established opposition between femininity and creativity that persisted in transatlantic literary criticism in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. As a writer who was a literary icon for subsequent women writers, and who explores this trope in a complex and often ambivalent way, George Eliot is central to this tradition. Her masculinisation in literary criticism, combined with her failure to commit fully to her androgynous model of female authorship – a model which asserted women’s capacity to write in both a ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ way – had serious, long-lasting repercussions for subsequent female authors. Women writers were faced with an inescapable female literary role model who was at once proof of the compatibility of femininity and artistry, and yet who was frequently presented as an exception to other female authors and used to reinforce bias against women writers. In responding to Eliot’s reception and appropriating her use of the female reader in their fiction, Constance Fenimore Woolson, Edith Wharton and Dorothy Richardson added their own voices to the discussions about female authorship taking place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. For these authors, Eliot became a point of reference from which to articulate their own attitudes towards bias against women that persisted in some branches of literary criticism. In defining their attitudes towards Eliot and the contradictory ideas she and her fiction presented, they were exploring their identities as female artists.

A look at the early manuscripts of Flannery O'Connor's two novels, Wise Blood and The Violent Bear It Away, reveals that she worked hard to remove any traces of feminine sensibility or perspective from her work, hoping to distinguish it as superior to the efforts of other southern "penwomen." Both novels underwent a long and difficult transformation from stories centered upon the exploits of a diverse group of characters to novels whose sole focus was on a few male protagonists. Eager to develop her art within a framework acceptable to southern New Critical authorities like John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, andrew Lytle, Robert Penn Warren and the male-dominated literary establishment they represented, O'Connor attempted to cultivate a distinctly "unladylike" writing style. In the process, she radically altered the scope of her fictional landscape, banishing female characters, silencing female voices, and redirecting her satirical gaze from the masculine to the feminine. This dissertation considers O'Connor's unpublished fiction as evidence of her ambivalent relationship to a literary culture founded upon the racial and gender-based hierarchies that had traditionally characterized southern society. at the same time, this dissertation takes a revisionist look at southern literary history, focusing in particular on the role Ransom, Tate, Lytle, and Warren played in defining the "Southern Tradition" so as to exclude women, blacks, and the uneducated masses. Finally, this study reconsiders O'Connor's published novels in light of the manuscripts and explores the ways in which she veiled her female identity through the use of male characters and masculinist narrative conventions.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.
Typescript. Vita. Major professors: Jaime Harker and Jay Watson "December 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-231). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.

This thesis is a study of female authorship that examines the feature films of Jane Campion in order to determine how her preoccupation with the cinematic articulation of 'female experience' is expressed in her films-whether female experience can be aestheticised, and to discover whether her gender can be discerned through the films of a woman director. The exploration of these ideas entails a review of the feminist thinking, methodologies and epistemologies that are relevant to cinema, and that examine relevant theoretical positions within feminism and theories of cinematic authorship. The key lens employed here for theorising Campion's cinema is that of postmodern-feminism. As an approach, this allows an understanding of difference rather than 'Otherness', and an enquiry into gender that is neither essentialist nor constructionist, but facilitates critical thinking about both positions. The central argument of this thesis is that Campion's film practice functions as an investigation into gender difference, how women and men live together in the world-experience that world, and are engendered as female through historic, psychological and cultural experiences. This thesis therefore argues that Campion's aesthetic and perspective is not only feminist, but also, female, and feminine, and her work a cinematic articulation of female experience.

Can female readers perceive empowerment through sexually explicit, fictional stories that feature depictions of misogynistic relationships or encounters? In this thesis, I will attempt to answer this question by examining English- and Japanese-language examples of sexual writing for women, specifically the genre of women’s erotica (erotic fiction for a female audience). I will describe how women’s erotica in both languages is predominantly populated by female authors, and will argue that this allows readers to perceive sexual empowerment even when encountering storylines that feature female protagonists disempowered by male characters. The knowledge that the author is a woman perpetuates a belief on the side of the reader that the female protagonist is safe, and that she will enjoy the sexual acts that take place within the story. To illustrate this point, I will compare the recently-published Fifty Shades of Grey with Toraware no yoru (Captive night), a 1990s example of “ladies’ comics” (sexually explicit Japanese manga created for a female readership), which was re-published in e-format in 2009. I will demonstrate how the female sex of the authors enables readers to feel in control and empowered despite the often submissive role of the stories’ protagonists. I will also argue that both works have been marketed and framed in a manner that alludes to Japanese- and English-language autobiographical sexual writing that developed from the early 20th Century. I will establish how the confessional nature of these works helped construct a shared reality between reader and author in regards to sex and womanhood. The solicitation of stories from ladies’ comics readers and the emergence of Fifty Shades of Grey from the fan fiction community re-enforces the perception of a women-only space where text is influenced solely by a dialogue between female author and female reader. Although this female-centred space may in itself be a source of empowerment, the sustainability of such a space is precarious in the virtual environment, where the gender of author and reader cannot be guaranteed.

In recent years, there has been extensive debate in the area of literary criticism, much of it focused on real or imagined differences between male and female texts. French feminist theorists, Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, to name a few, argue that biological differences necessitate textual differences, while others reject this essentialist position, considering it just another means for perpetuating the notion of female inferiority. Many linguists assert that women use language differently than men, and that texts reflect these differences. But in order to analyze the origin of any textual differences, it is necessary to look beyond biology and linguistic performance, to concentrate on psychology and its wider implications in the cultural world. Because Brigitte Schwaiger's text, Wie kommt das Salz ins Meer. contains a number of elements which underscore the extent that psychology and culture influence text production, it will serve as the focus of this paper. While this work can be classified as a female Bildungs- or Reifungs-roman - a narrative about the development of a modem consciousness and the attendant struggles involved - it serves in a wider sense as an example of the "difference" argued by many feminists between male and female texts.

OLivro de Travesseiro (Makura no Sôshi), de Sei Shônagon, escrito entre o fim do século X e o início do XI, possui hoje inegável status canônico no contexto da literatura japonesa. Ao mesmo tempo, é o texto japonês mais traduzido do mundo, ocupando lugar estável na lista de títulos que são considerados como pertencentes à Weltliteratur, com uma adaptação cinematográfica (O Livro de Cabeceira, de Peter Greenaway, 1996) e duas versões para o português do Brasil (2008 e 2013). A posteridade tratou as enumerações presentes no texto como tópicos poéticos, ou mesmo, contemporaneamente, como poesia - principalmente em tradução. As listas revelam uma atitude lúdica com relação à linguagem e àquilo que Foucault chamava de "categorias do pensamento" Nesse sentido, o texto de Sei Shônagon pode ser posto em diálogo com o olhar de estranheza em relação à categorização racionalista, que é a premissa de As Palavras e as Coisas (Michel Foucault, 1966) e com a obra de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra de Sei Shônagon mobiliza diversas camadas de conceitos problemáticos ao mesmo tempo. Por outro lado, nenhuma dessas categorias se aplica a O Livro de Travesseiro sem provocar, por sua vez, desestabilizações conceituais. A questão da autoria feminina e de sua relação com a figura do pai e com a cultura do patriarcado reaparece em O Livro de Cabeceira, na trajetória de liberação pela escrita da personagem principal do filme. Essas possíveis leituras dos textos propostos contribuem para a problematização de questões relacionadas à autoria, ao conhecimento, à tradução e à adaptação.
The Pillow Book (Makura no Sõshi) of Sei Shônagon, written between the end of the tenth and the beginning of the eleventh century, has attained undeniable canonical status in the context o f Japanese Literature. lt also is the most translated ]a panes e text in the world, and occupies a stable place in the list of works that are considered as belonging to the realm of Weltliteratur. It has been adapted to the screen outside Japan (The Pillow Book by Peter Greenaway, 1996) and translated twice to Brazilian Portuguese (in 2008 and 2013). Later generations of readers have treated the text's enumerations as catalogues of poetic topics or even, since the beginning of the twentieth century, and especially in translation, as poetry. The lists show a playful approach to language and to what Foucault has called the "categories of thought". In this sense, Sei Shõnagon's reuvre can be read in resonance with Foucault's Les Mots et les Choses (1966) and its attempt to defamiliarize rational categorization, a conceptual device which can also be found in the work ofJorge Luis Borges. Sei Shõnagon's work simultaneously mobilizes severallayers of problematíc concepts. On the other hand, none of these categories applies to lhe Pillow Book without engendering further conceptual destabilization. The issues of female authorship and woman authors' relationships with their fathers in a patriarchal culture reappear in the film, in the main character's journey towards liberation through writing. Those possible readings of the proposed texts contribute to the problematization of issues related to authorship, knowledge, translation and adaptation.

To date no major research has been undertaken on the correspondence of Anne Sturges Bourne and Marianne Dyson (1822-1871) located in the Hampshire Record Office. This valuable collection of letters not only offers a wealth of information about the letter-writing practices of women from the landed gentry, it also provides the opportunity to examine the letter as a cultural and historical artefact. By using Marilyn Friedman’s theories on women’s friendships and relational autonomy, this thesis has been able to combine the methodology required for studying letters as a genre with the concept of the letter as a purveyor of social and cultural experiences. This has resulted in an interdisciplinary study which has analysed the important role that letter writing played in the development of Anne and Marianne’s friendship, while, at the same time, demonstrating their intellectual engagement with the prevalent literary, religious, and philosophical discourses of the day. As a process which encouraged reflection, letter writing enabled these two women to develop a gendered subjectivity and to achieve degrees of personal autonomy in a social context. I argue that the supportive nature of their epistolary friendship empowered them to embrace life as single women and to pursue their shared ideals for the future, which, for them, meant a life spent in service to the Church and educating the poor. It also provided them with a route into authorship through their collaborative literary endeavours in support of the Anglo-Catholic doctrine of the Oxford Movement, or Tractarianism as it was later called. In the 1850s and 60s Anne and Marianne used the collaborative model of authorship they had developed for writing and publishing their own juvenile tales to support the novel writing of the major Victorian novelist, Charlotte Mary Yonge. While Yonge’s habit of discussing her novels with friends and family is known from Christabel Coleridge’s biography (1903), the empirical evidence found in the Sturges Bourne/Dyson correspondence provides a more nuanced account of the way in which literary collaboration could function. It also corroborates recent scholarly claims that female collaborative authorship was more commonplace in the nineteenth century than has hitherto been recognised. More significantly, the stories written by Anne, and Marianne in particular, were recognised in contemporary Tractarian circles as important contributions to the establishment of Anglo-Catholic doctrine for future generations. This marks Anne Sturges Bourne and Marianne Dyson out as part of a forgotten generation of women writers who paved the way, not only for Yonge, but for other known women writers of Tractarian fiction in the second half of the nineteenth century, such as Elizabeth Missing Sewell and Felicia Skene.

Esta tese analisa as personagens femininas da autora portuguesa Júlia Nery, presentes tanto nas narrativas ficcionais, quanto nos romances históricos, discutindo algumas questões pertinentes aos estudos de gênero, à crítica literária feminista e ao novo romance histórico. Desta forma, verifica em que medida se faz a reconstrução ficcional e, consequentemente, a representação destas personagens, tendo em vista os modelos femininos histórico e socialmente criados. Ao trabalhar com a hipótese de que a autora faz uma (re)leitura sobretudo transgressora e crítica da tradição e da História, construindo personagens que ficcionalmente rompem com os paradigmas que secularmente foram impostos ao gênero feminino, ao fim, procura evidenciar e sugerir à crítica literária mais atual, que a produção literária de Júlia Nery caracteriza-se como uma importante contribuição a uma vertente da Literatura Portuguesa, formada pelas vozes e pelos olhares das mulheres escritoras, que conjuntamente vem formando em Portugal uma nova tradição: a literatura de autoria feminina, de veio notadamente feminista.
This thesis analyzes the female characters by Júlia Nery, a Portuguese author. They are extant as in fictional narrative as in historical romance, where we argue about some issues belonging to gender studies, to female literary criticism and to new historical romance. Thus, we verify in what way are done the fictional reconstruction and, consequently, the representation of these characters, by aiming the female historical and social originated models. Our hypothesis is that the author does, markedly, a trespassed and critical (re)reading of the tradition and History. This reading is done with characters that break paradigms, which were imposed to the female gender, secularly. Also, this thesis seeks to evidence and to suggest to the recent literary criticism that, the literary production, by Júlia Nery, is marked with an important contribution to one slope of the Portuguese Literature, whose slope is formed by the voices and glances of female writers. Altogether, they are forming a new tradition in Portugal: the female authorship literature whose spindle is, notedly, feminist.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 15, 2010) Michael Galchinsky, committee chair; Calvin Thomas, Lee Anne Richardson, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-212).

From the novel analysis O perdão (1910), by Andradina de Oliveira, we intend to draw a concise profile of literary discourses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in cow-puncher society. To this end, we seek a dialogue on the differences and similarities of views between female and male authors in the representation of historical issues within the literary discourse. For the success of this study, we propose a brief mapping of the comparative method to explore the fictional representations that consecrated the regionalist literature of the time, idealizing the cow-puncher stereotype about the female voice of Andradina de Oliveira and his plots aimed at the urban population of Porto Alegre. Associated with this purpose, we will establish some deliberations on the contributions of cultural history and new critical perspectives that flourished there about gender relations, mostly from the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century. It has as a guiding principle, a reflection on the issue of own females and their role in the social, involving the context in which these texts were written, reinforcing the critical position that the analyzed romance establishes with the silences of official history. Besides, the scope of this work is based on the precepts of representation and the theoretical basis for such research proposed so far: Roger Chartier, Michelet Perrot, Anselmo Peres Alós, Rita Terezinha Schmidt, Sandra Pesavento, among others. The purpose is to keep the analysis of the novel turned toward the representation of women in sul-rio-grandense fiction, drawing parallel some considerations on regionalist novels of the same period. With particular attention to the construction of women's subjectivity and accordingly to the possibilities of (un) naturalization of concept solid identity of feminine stereotypes, as well as (un) mytification of the "gaucho".
A partir análise do romance O perdão (1910), de Andradina de Oliveira, pretende-se traçar um perfil mais conciso dos discursos literários de fins do século XIX e início do XX, na sociedade gaúcha. Para tanto, busca-se um diálogo nas diferenças e semelhanças das visões entre a autoria feminina e a masculina na representação de questões históricas dentro do discurso literário. Para o êxito deste trabalho, propomos um breve mapeamento do método comparatista para explorar as representações ficcionais que consagravam a literatura regionalista da época, idealizando o estereótipo gaúcho, em relação à voz feminina de Andradina de Oliveira e suas tramas voltadas ao universo urbano de Porto Alegre. Associado a este intuito, estabeleceremos algumas deliberações sobre as contribuições da História Cultural e as novas perspectivas críticas que daí floresceram sobre as relações de gênero, principalmente a partir das décadas de sessenta e setenta do século XX. Tem-se como princípio norteador uma reflexão sobre a questão do próprio gênero feminino e a sua atuação na seara social, envolvendo o contexto em que tais textos foram escritos, reforçando a posição crítica que o romance analisado estabelece com os silenciamentos da história oficial. Além disso, o escopo deste trabalho apoia-se nos preceitos da representação, tendo como base de teórica para tais investigações propostas até aqui Roger Chartier, Michelet Perrot, Anselmo Peres Alós, Rita Terezinha Schmidt, Sandra Pesavento, entre outros. O objetivo é manter a análise do romance direcionada para a representação das mulheres na ficção sul-rio-grandense, traçando em paralelo algumas considerações sobre romances regionalistas do mesmo período. Atentando especialmente para a construção da subjetividade da mulher e, consequentemente, para as possibilidades de (des) naturalização do conceito de identidade sólida dos estereótipos femininos, assim como da mitificação do gaúcho.

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Este estudo tem como temática os significados do corpo feminino nos contos de Sonia Coutinho. O objetivo foi analisar a partir das categorias identidade, sexualidade, ideal de beleza e envelhecimento, a representação do corpo feminino na contística da autora baiana. Para entender as relações e significados estabelecidos pelos elementos discursivos que fizeram parte da pesquisa, foi privilegiada uma abordagem interpretativa dos contos. Os pressupostos teóricometodológicos da Sociologia do corpo e da Crítica Feminista forneceram a base para o contexto histórico-social em que a corporeidade atua como elemento analisador dos mecanismos de controle sociais presentes no discurso da família, da religião, da educação e da mídia. As formações discursivas serviram para verificar como o discurso de culto ao corpo e a cultura da eterna juventude está emaranhada no discurso das personagens dos contos. Percebe-se que os sentidos do corpo feminino desestabilizam a representação corporal hegemônica para repensar a política do corpo em favor dos anseios da mulher moderna. This research is about the female body´s meanings in the Sonia Coutinho´s tales. The goal has been to investigate from the being female, the sexual behaviour, the ideal of beauty, and the getting older; the role of the female body in the baiana authoress´s way of taling. To understand the relations and meanings set up by the speech components which took part of the research, an interpretative approach of the tales has been pointed out. The presupposed points of theory and methodology of Sociology of body and of Female criticism have provided the basis to the social context in which the questions of body act like an analysing component of the means of control that occurs in the familiar, religious, educational speech besides midia one´s. Such ways of speech have been useful to verify like the speech of veneration to body and the idea of eternal youth take part of the speech of the characters of tales. We can see that the senses of the female body have unbalanced the predominant representation of the body to rebuild the policy of body in benefit of wishes of the modern woman.
Salvador

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A presente dissertação busca mostrar, através da análise das personagens femininas dos romances Foi assim e La strada che va in città, de Natalia Ginzburg, a influência que os paradigmas da sociedade patriarcal da década de 1940 exerciam sobre a mulher e como esses afetavam o seu modo de vida. Com base nas teorias de Simone de Beauvoir, que tratam da diferença entre homens e mulheres, debateremos a visão crítica da autora italiana em relação à exaltação do masculino em detrimento do feminino. Objetivamos também, desmitificar a questão da inferioridade da autoria feminina sob a ótica da Crítica Feminista (SHOWATER, 1994).
This thesis intends to show, through the analysis of the female characters in the novels Foi assim and La strada che va in città, by Natalia Ginzburg, the influence that the paradigms of patriarchal society of the 1940‟s had on women and how they affected their lives. Based on the theories of Simone de Beauvoir, which treat the differences between men and women, we discuss the Italian author‟s critical view in relation to the exaltation of the masculine over the feminine. We also aim to demystify the subject of inferiority concerning female authorship from the perspective of Feminist Criticism (SHOWATER, 1994).

A literatura de autoria feminina nos países que se comunicam através da língua portuguesa conta com excelentes representantes. Um olhar, ainda que superficial sobre essa produção revela que notadamente a partir da última metade do século passado, década de 40-50, ela veio gradativamente chamando a atenção de pesquisadores e conquistando, cada vez mais, o prestígio do público-leitor. Maria Archer, no entanto, parece encontrar-se em quase completo esquecimento De 1955 a 1977, Maria Archer (1899- 1982),escritora portuguesa, veio cumprir um largo exílio em terras brasileiras. Aqui, como nos continentes luso-africano, tornou-se um dos nomes de mulher mais importantes pela contribuição à imprensa de Língua Portuguesa. O objetivo primeiro deste trabalho é ressaltar as experiências e a contribuição desta escritora para a imprensa de Língua Portuguesa, problematizando-as à luz da hegemonia masculina que marcou a produção de conhecimentos e a reflexão pública sobre a resistência dos portugueses à ditadura do regime salazarista vigente no Portugal da época.
The literature as of authorship female at the countries that if communicated via the Portuguese language account along as good as gold delegates. Um look , Although amateurish on the subject of that creation reveals than it is to notadamente from the última half as much from the century bygone , decade as of 40-50, she came gradativamente calling the attention as of browsers AND acquiring , further and further , the prestige from the audience - lecturer. Maria Archer , all the same , it looks encounter - in case that by nearly all-inclusive forgetfulness As of 1955 the one 1977, Maria Archer (1899-1982,escritora) Portuguese , he came abide by um broad exílio well into lands Brazilians. Herein , as a at the continents luso - African , lathe - in case that one of names as of chick more important pela contribution at the inaccurate as of Portuguese language. THE ONE objetivo first one of this I work is jut the experiences AND the contribution of this female writer for the inaccurate as of Portuguese language problematizando - the at the light from the hegemonia masculine than it is to he marked the creation as of background AND the reflection public above the endurance of the Portuguese at the dictatorship from the regime salazarista vigente at the Portugal of the time.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research discusses the exclusion of the nineteenth century female writing from the literary field. The object of study is A Rainha do Ignoto (1899), by Emília Freitas, a novel excluded by critics because of its female authorship. Although this neglect would be explained by the assumed lack of quality of this kind of literature, it is well known that this thought reflects patriarchal ideas against women. This work was made possible thanks to previous researchers who made an archeological work and (re)discovered many female literary works which had been forsaken. The discussion of this novel begins with the consideration of feminist literary criticism in order to understand the reasons for the exclusion of writing from the literary tradition. Other excluded female literary works produced in nineteenth-century Brazil will be considered once there are basically no female literary works before the 1800 s. In the sequence, A Rainha do Ignoto will be analyzed through a feminist theoretical perspective drawn on the studies of Heloísa Buarque Hollanda (1994) and Elaine Showalter (1994). Finally, the novel A Rainha do Ignoto will be analyzed considering the context of Emília Freitas life and production, already studied by Alcilene Cavalcante s (2008). Based on the works of Raymond Trousson (1979), Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel (2012), and Ana Cláudia Romano Ribeiro (2010), one may claim that Freitas novel can be considered as utopian literature of the kind produced in the western world.
Esta pesquisa pretende discutir a exclusão da autoria feminina do século XIX dos estudos literários, tendo como corpus a obra A Rainha do Ignoto (1899), de Emília Freitas. Essa escolha mostra-se relevante tendo em vista que, ao longo do século XIX e boa parte do século XX, os críticos e teóricos da literatura excluíram a autoria feminina do cânone literário. Embora essa exclusão seja falsamente justificada pela falta de qualidade estética e artística das obras, sabe-se que na realidade ela somente ocorreu porque a lógica patriarcal construiu- se sobre inúmeros paradigmas baseados na inferioridade cognitiva natural das mulheres . A discussão proposta aqui somente tornou-se possível graças ao resgate arqueológico realizado por pesquisadores que retiraram das margens literárias diversas obras escamoteadas ao longo desse período. Para analisar a obra que constitui o corpus dessa pesquisa, inicialmente, partir- se-á da crítica literária feminista para entender os desdobramentos da exclusão da autoria feminina da tradição literária. Em vista disso, verificar-se-ão algumas exclusões da autoria feminina no decorrer do século XIX, considerando que praticamente não há produção literária feminina no Brasil antes de 1800. Posteriormente, discutir-se-á a obra sob o viés teórico literário feminista, dando ênfase às concepções de Heloísa Buarque de Hollanda (1994) e Elaine Showalter (1994). Em seguida, tratar-se-á especificamente da obra A Rainha do Ignoto, contextualizando a vida e produção de sua autora, Emília Freitas, tendo como base as pesquisas de Alcilene Cavalcante (2008). No contexto de discussão sobre a obra, partir-se-á do paradigma de que ela se insere dentro da literatura utópica do romance ocidental, tendo como referência Raymond Trousson (1979), Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel (2012) e Ana Cláudia Romano Ribeiro (2010).

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The female authorship in the marginal-peripheral literature emerged in the national scene, right in the beginning of the 21 st century, as aesthetical, literary and social criticism, questioning the traditional standards regarding female representation both in the literary canon and in the society. Inscribed in the item of the marginal-peripheral literature, Elizandra Souza, from soirées movements, and Luiza Romão, representing the scene of the slams, reject the traditional intermediaries in the editorial market, such as editors and journalists. Thus, they found a way of resistance and bring about the voice of the women so far silenced, through discursive representation of the female condition of marginalized women, problematizing, above all, issues regarding female identity, their bodies and the places they occupy in society. This self-representation of the female condition, unveiled by the poems, traditionally faces the following ways of subordination: by the gender bias, the economic and geographical situation and often by the race bias. In a process that initially deconstructs to reconstruct the female representation, some paradigms, myths and taboos are broken, which reveals a body that no longer accepts the abjection imposed, becoming subject of its own speech. This way, this work has the objective of verifying how poetry and literary and linguistic intrinsic processes materialize this body that is able to unveil the woman inscribed in the marginal-peripheral literature, her identity and her specific demands. A voice that arises under the sign of the resistance, public space appropriation, of placing the feminine in an outstanding position to no longer let it be object of somebody else’s speech, but subject of the voice of these women. To achieve such goals, poems of the authors Elizandra Souza, from the books Punga (2007) and Águas da Cabaça (2012), and Luiza Romão, from the book Coquetel Motolove (2014), and only one poem from her homonymous page on Facebook shall beanalyzed from a theoretical-critical perspective of studies in gender and feminism. The analyses of this study are divided into 3 chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the marginal-peripheral literature from São Paulo, its main assumptions and the understanding of soirée and slams movements, and women inscribed in this literature. The main authors whose theoretical support is going to be used are: Jéssica Balbino (2016), Roberta Estrela D’alva (2014), Carlos Cortez Minchillo (2016), Érica Peçanha do Nascimento (2009) and Lucía Tennina (2013; 2015a; 2015b). In the chapter regarding Elizandra Souza’s poetry, themes such as black ancestry and beauty are going to be addressed and the studies of Conceição Evaristo (2005; 2009), Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2009), Bell Hooks (2014), Djamila Ribeiro (2015), Sueli Carneiro (2003; 2016), Lélia Gonzalez (2016), Amanda Braga (2015), Kimberlé Crenshaw (2002) are going to be recaptured. In the third chapter, the poetry of Luiza Romão is going to be discussed and for such, we shall use the knowledge of Silvia Federici (2017), Elisabeth Grosz (2000), Michelle Perrot (2003), Rebecca Solnit (2017) and Rachel Soihet (2001). To verify the issues of female representation and performance, shared by the two authors, the theoretical background of Avtar Brah (2006), Elaine Showalter (1993; 1994), Elizabeth Grosz (2000); Érica Nascimento (2009; 2015), Guacira Lopes Louro (2010), Leda Martins (2003; 2007), Paul Zumthor (2014), Pierre Bourdieu (1983; 2002), Sara Ahmed (2003; 2004), among others, shall be necessary.
A literatura marginal-periférica de autoria feminina surgiu no cenário nacional, no início do século XXI, como uma crítica estética, literária e social que questiona os padrões tradicionais de representação do feminino tanto no cânone literário brasileiro quanto na sociedade. Inscritas na rubrica da literatura marginal-periférica, Elizandra Souza, oriunda do movimento dos saraus, e Luiza Romão, que representa a cena dos slams, rechaçam os intermediáriostradicionais do mercado editorial, tais como editores e jornalistas. Assim, elas fundam certa forma de resistência e deflagram a voz de mulheres até então silenciadas por meio da representação discursiva da condição feminina de mulheres marginalizadas, problematizando, sobretudo, questões que dizem respeito à identidade feminina, aos seus corpos e aos lugares que estes ocupam na sociedade. Essa autorrepresentação da condição feminina descortinada pelos poemas enfrenta tradicionalmente as seguintes formas de subalternização: pelo viés do gênero, da situação econômico-geográfica e muitas vezes pelo viés da raça. Em um processo que a princípio descontrói para depois reconstruir a representação feminina, alguns paradigmas, mitos e tabus são quebrados, o que revela um corpo que não aceita mais a abjeção que lhe é imposta, passando a ser sujeito de seu próprio discurso. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como a poesia e os processos intrínsecos da literatura e da linguagem materializam esse corpo que é capaz de desvelar a mulher inscrita na rubrica da literatura marginal-periférica, sua identidade e suas demandas específicas. Uma voz que insurge sob o signo da resistência, da apropriação do espaço público, de colocar o feminino em posição de destaque para não mais deixa-lo ser objeto do discurso alheio, e sim sujeito da fala dessas mulheres. Para alcançar estes objetivos, serão analisados poemas das autoras Elizandra Souza, dos livros Punga (2007) e Águas da cabaça (2012), e Luiza Romão, do livro Coquetel Motolove (2014), e apenas um poema de sua página no facebook homônima, a partir de uma perspectiva teórico-crítica dos estudos sobre gênero e feminismo. As análises deste estudo estão divididas em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado à literatura marginal-periférica de São Paulo, seus principais pressupostos e o entendimento dos movimentos dos saraus e slams e das mulheres que se inscrevem na rubrica dessa literatura. Os principais autores cujo aporte teórico serão utilizados são: Jéssica Balbino (2016), Roberta Estrela D’alva (2014), Carlos Cortez Minchillo (2016), Érica Peçanha do Nascimento (2009) e Lucía Tennina (2013; 2015a; 2015b). No capítulo a respeito da poesia de Elizandra Souza serão tratadas as temáticas como ancestralidade e beleza negras e serão resgatados os estudos de Conceição Evaristo (2005; 2009), Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2009), bell hooks (2014), Djamila Ribeiro (2015), Sueli Carneiro (2003; 2016), Lélia Gonzalez (2016), Amanda Braga (2015), Kimberlé Crenshaw (2002). No terceiro capítulo trataremos da poesia de Luiza Romão e para tal utilizaremos os conhecimentos de Silvia Federici (2017), Elisabeth Grosz (2000), Michelle Perrot (2003), Rebecca Solnit (2017) e Rachel Soihet (2001). Para verificar as questões da representação feminina e da performance, partilhadas pelas duas autoras se fará necessária a utilização do arcabouço teórico de Avtar Brah (2006), Elaine Showalter (1993; 1994), Elizabeth Grosz (2000); Érica Nascimento (2009; 2015), Guacira Lopes Louro (2010), Leda Martins (2003; 2007), Paul Zumthor (2014), Pierre Bourdieu (1983; 2002), Sara Ahmed (2003; 2004), entre outros.

Através da visão multidimensional que a Literatura proporciona, acredita-se que a voz de Simone de Beauvoir desperta o pensamento crítico dos leitores sobre a condição da mulher, na segunda metade do século XX. A análise se situa entre os odores que exalam do estudo de Walter Benjamin sobre o conceito de reflexão dos primeiros românticos alemães e os sabores dos desencobrimentos presentes em A Mulher Desiludida, narrativa ficcional de Simone de Beauvoir. O que é a literatura?, ingrediente adicionado por Jean-Paul Sartre, traz consistência ao texto que, em sua finalização, é apimentado pela Teoria Estética, de Theodor Adorno. O autor do Magnum opus a Dialética do esclarecimento demonstra ainda a necessidade de se acrescentar o gosto que incomoda para que saibamos apreciar o alimento que nos é oferecido. Todo o banquete é servido sobre a base fundadora do feminismo: O Segundo Sexo. Agucem todos os sentidos, a iguaria será servida
It is believed that through the multidimensional view provided by literature, Simone de Beauvoir leads the readers to think about womens conditions in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis is based on Walter Benjamins concept of reflection of the first German romantic writers the smell it exhales and what is disclosed in A Mulher Desiludida, fiction written by Simone de Beavouir the flavor one experience when reading it. An ingredient added to the text and giving it consistency is Jean Paul Sartres What is literature. The final spice is given by Teoria Estética (Theodor Adorno). The writer of the Magnum Opus Dialetica do Esclarecimento further shows the need to add an unpleasant taste for us to be able to appreciate the food we are given. The whole feast is served on the founding basis of feminism: The Second Sex. Excite every way, the dish will be served

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In recent times, the African literature starts to shift from its previous nationalist function as to conceive modernity. The search for what Édouard Glissant (2005) discusses concerning a specific modernity is observed. This literature, when understanding how consuming is the attempt to conquer an identity proper to African nations, reflects the impossibility of return to a pre-colonial past and that the hibridity of its cultures is not only the result of the European colonization, but also an existing reality before the colonization. The current attempt is to search for a modernity that is not the homogenizing, imposed by the globalization, in which the identities form easily commerciable patterns and the minorities are subordinated. The specific modernity" that is searched for, starting with the communication of the African literature and its societies, is a modernity with rhizomatic that tries to give voice to subjects previously hidden. In this search, the feminine authorship shows a particularized movement introduced in contemporary African literature. Women, before and after the colonization were seen as subjects stigmatized and violated by patriarchy, establishing with the literary expression a relationship that reveals and has the need to talk about their conditions as a minority and the condition of of other minorities. This work proposes to study two contemporary African female writers in whose works one can read the search and problematization of the modernity of their nations. The study analyzes the works The seventh oath (2000), written by the Mozambican writer Paulina Chiziane and Purple hibiscus (2011), by the Nigerian, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Using the comparative method, the works are analysed by examining the way the authors communicate literally, producing in their narratives, updates of the African values, previously held forth by writers of other generations. Both narratives establish debates that distance themselves from the anterior perspective of African literatures when creating a face for the nation, in an attempt to invent a specific identity for them, because the narratives in The seventh oath and Purple hibiscus show an African identity that tries not to be fixed, imobile ou unique, however it is different due to its diversity of identities that relate to each other in the contemporainity.
Na atualidade, as literaturas africanas se deslocam da antiga função nacionalista para conceber a modernidade. Observa-se a busca do que Édouard Glissant (2005) diz a respeito de uma modernidade própria . Essas literaturas, ao entenderem o desgaste produzido pela tentativa de conquistar uma identidade própria às nações africanas, refletem a impossibilidade de volta a um passado pré-colonial, e que a hibridez de suas culturas não é somente resultado do encontro com a colonização europeia, mas uma realidade existente antes da colonização. A atual tentativa é de buscar uma modernidade que não seja a homogeneizante, imposta pela globalização, em que as identidades formam padrões facilmente comercializados e as minorias são subalternizadas. A modernidade própria procurada, a partir da comunicação das literaturas africanas com suas sociedades, é uma modernidade com identidades rizomáticas que tenta dar voz a sujeitos antes ocultados. Nessa busca, a autoria feminina demonstra uma visão particularizada do movimento instaurado nas literaturas africanas contemporâneas. As mulheres, antes e depois da colonização foram vistas como sujeitos estigmatizados e violentados pelo patriarcalismo, estabelecendo com a expressão literária uma relação que revela e tem a necessidade de dizer sobre sua condição minoritária e sobre a condição de outras minorias. O trabalho propõe estudar obras de duas escritoras africanas contemporâneas em cujas obras se leem a busca e problematização da modernidade de suas nações. O estudo analisa as obras O sétimo juramento (2000), da escritora moçambicana Paulina Chiziane, e Hibisco roxo (2011), da escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Utilizando o método comparativo, realiza-se a análise das obras examinando o modo como as escritoras se comunicam literariamente, produzindo, em suas narrativas, atualizações dos valores africanos antes pregados por escritores de outras gerações. As narrativas de O sétimo juramento e Hibisco roxo mostram uma identidade africana que não se quer fixa, imóvel ou única, mas que se diferencia pela diversidade de identidades que se relacionam na contemporaneidade.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research questions the canonical marginality of New Portuguese Letters (1972) and the inclusion of female authors in the Portuguese literary narrative, from the observation that the emergence of women authorship in Portugal was not the subject of critical readings that allowed grasping the literary procedures proposed by women's agency. The readings of the Portuguese literary canon that are guided by gynocritical methodologies of female works retrieval put New Portuguese letters as a literary milestone for the writers who start writing after 1972, paving the way for canon revisionist projects focused on gender category. Taking as its starting point the seventeenth-century letters of Mariana Alcoforado, the three Marias use a genre of autobiographical domain associated with the feminine expression to promote a dialogue with the society of the time. Sharing the credits for this collaborative work, they deliberately do not sign each text. Through these formal procedures, New Portuguese Letters implode categories of authorship and authority of the texts.
Esta pesquisa questiona a marginalidade canônica de Novas Cartas Portuguesas (1972) e a inserção da autoria feminina na narrativa literária portuguesa, a partir da observação de que a emergência da escrita de mulheres em Portugal não foi objeto de leituras críticas que permitissem apreender os procedimentos literários propostos pelo agenciamento feminino. As releituras do cânone literário português que se orientam por metodologias ginocríticas de resgate de obras de autoria feminina colocam Novas Cartas como um marco literário para as escritoras que começam a escrever depois de 1972, abrindo caminho para projetos revisionistas do cânone centradas na categoria de gênero. Tomando como ponto de partida as cartas seiscentistas de Mariana Alcoforado, as três Marias utilizam um gênero do domínio autobiográfico associado à expressão feminina para promoverem um diálogo com a sociedade da época. Repartindo a autoria da obra, abdicam de assinar individualmente os textos. Através desses procedimentos formais, Novas Cartas Portuguesas implode as categorias de autoria e de autoridade dos textos.

This thesis studies, through a literary and theological analysis of her writings and an examination of her background, how a fifteenth century Spanish nun called Teresa de Cartagena dealt spiritually with disability. She was physically disabled, having become deaf as an adult but also having endured many illnesses. Her first book, Arboleda de los enfermos, was written to pass on to other sufferers the spiritual lessons she had learned from her own suffering; that suffering was good because it had saved her from sin and had brought her to God. Her second work, Admiraçión operum Dey, was written to answer those who had criticised her for the act of writing because of her gender, at that time a disability for any woman wishing to write or teach. She justified her writing as a special work of God, but did not claim mystical direct divine inspiration. Teresa was a member of a prominent family of Jewish Christians (conversos). At the time she was writing, the second half of the fifteenth century, anti-converso prejudice and violence were growing in Spain. This culminated in the introduction of the Inquisition in order to deal with the so-called 'judaising conversos'. In these circumstances her conversa status was a distinct social disability, but there is no express mention of this in her writings. However, there are traces in her writings of converso concerns, and of a specifically converso theology. Although there have been many studies of Teresa de Cartagena from the viewpoints of medieval Spanish literature, disability studies, feminist history and her use of rhetorical techniques, there has been no in depth study of her theology and spirituality. This thesis demonstrates that, although in general these were orthodox and unoriginal, they were unusual for a woman of her time and background.

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This dissertation aims to investigate how the Charlotte Brontë s literary project presents in the novel, Jane Eyre (1847), through female authorship, and, as its transposition into Cinema, the movie version by Cary Joji Fukunaga´s Jane Eyre (2011) occurs. The literary project of the author focuses on the issue of gender and its concern was to give voice to the women of her time. The director´s project for this movie comes from melodrama to the triumph of love search. The purpose of analysis is to understand how the interpretation of this source-novel occurs in the 21st century, with the aim of examining how this story is reread, seeking current interpretive understanding of the novel through the film. Thus, this study will demonstrate the importance of the periodization as proposed by Jameson (1992) for the reading of the novel and its transcreation, according to Campos (2004), considering the relationship between economic s, political, social and aesthetic characteristics of each period, as also teaches Candido (1967). The research was developed through the reading the novel, of the theoretical works about the author as well as the director and analysis of filmic narrative.
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo demonstrar como o projeto literário de Charlotte Brontë se apresenta no romance Jane Eyre (1847), por meio da autoria feminina, como ocorre sua transposição para o Cinema, na versão fílmica, de Cary Joji Fukunaga, Jane Eyre (2011). O projeto literário da autora concentra-se na questão de gênero e sua preocupação foi a de dar voz à mulher de seu tempo. O projeto do diretor para esse filme parte do melodrama para o triunfo da busca pelo amor. O intuito de análise é perceber como ocorre a interpretação desse romance-fonte no século XXI, com o objetivo de analisar como essa história é relida, buscando a compreensão interpretativa desse romance-fonte na atualidade pelo olhar fílmico. Neste âmbito, este estudo demonstrará a importância da periodização conforme proposto por Jameson (1992) para a leitura do romance e de sua transcriação, de acordo com Campos (2004), considerando as relações entre as características econômicas, políticas, sociais e estéticas de cada período, conforme também nos ensina Candido (1967). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio da leitura do romance, de obras teóricas sobre a autora e o diretor e análise da narrativa cinematográfica.

This dissertation proposes to investigate the (in)visibility of the female authorship in the string literature, historically understood as “poetic of men", and discuss tendencies and deadlocks on the building of the gender, analysing in what way these female voices of contemporary string literature put in the spotlight the woman in her poems. Therefore , we elected a corpus formed by three booklets O que é ser mulher?, by Salete Maria, A mulher e sua trilha, by Rosário Pinto and Saias no cordel, by Dalinha Catunda, chosen by criteria of poetic quality, by discusssing processes of (de)construction of the woman in society and by the relation to its authors with the Academy, institution to keep the memory and that contributed to the consolidation of string literature in the national scenery. In the first chapter, we discussed the concepts of literature and culture, and we distinguished historic aspects of string literature. In the second chapter, we stress the acting of string literature women who are skillful in the art of making up stanzas. As for the third chapter, we have discussed issues of gender when we study proposed poems for analysis. In general, this work tries to contribute with a greater difusion of the study of popular culture and the rescue of female voices of string literature, invisible and aphonic socially made, suggesting the opening of possibilities in an effort of reflexion of places of talk in society.
Esta dissertação se propõe a investigar a (in)visibilidade da autoria feminina na literatura de cordel, historicamente compreendida como “poética de homens”, e discutir tendências e impasses na construção do gênero, analisando de que modo essas vozes femininas do cordel contemporâneo põem em cena a mulher em seus poemas. Para tanto, elegemos um corpus composto por três folhetos O que é ser mulher?, de Salete Maria, A mulher e sua trilha, de Rosário Pinto e Saias no cordel, de Dalinha Catunda, escolhidos pelo critério da qualidade poética, por discutirem processos de (des)construção da mulher na sociedade e pela relação de suas autoras com a Academia, instituição de guarda da memória e que contribuiu com a consolidação do cordel no cenário nacional. No primeiro capítulo, discutimos os conceitos de literatura e cultura, e destacamos aspectos históricos do cordel. No segundo capítulo, salientamos a atuação de mulheres cordelistas que se mostraram hábeis na arte de compor versos. Já no terceiro capítulo, discutimos questões de gênero ao estudarmos os poemas propostos para análise. De modo geral, este trabalho tenta contribuir para maior difusão do estudo da cultura popular e o resgate das vozes femininas do cordel, socialmente feitas invisíveis e afônicas, propondo a abertura de possibilidades, num esforço de reflexão dos lugares de fala da sociedade.

This thesis offers a reading of GQ South Africa 2000, the first glossy men’s magazine to be launched in South Africa (in 2000). It traces the possible iconographical genealogy of glossy men’s magazines to canonical erotic artworks and examines the aesthetic conventions used by GQ to elevate its contents through an implied association with art. This thesis, furthermore, investigates the commonalities between GQ, a ‘mainstream’ publication, and ‘pornography’ (as defined by the United States Civil Rights Ordinance 1985). In this way, the fluid impermanence of ‘art’, ‘pornography’ and ‘popular culture’ as typologies is highlighted. The new taxonomy of ‘gentlemen’s pornography’ is introduced in order to counter the notion that material that has the gloss of ‘high culture’ and is deemed socially acceptable, cannot be pornographic. This thesis submits that a critical reading of glossy men’s magazines from an interdisciplinary perspective is imperative in order to reveal their ideological assumptions. The ideological position that informs this study is the radical feminist belief that pornography objectifies and subordinates women and is, therefore, harmful. The thesis is simultaneously grounded in the theoretical methodologies of visual culture and art history, and as such assumes the intonation of these disciplines. From a Postmodern point-of-view, popular visual culture not only wields power in terms of generalising (capitalist and sexist) western paradigms, but is also skilful at masking its significant influence in doing so. For this reason, this dissertation endeavours to raise a critical dialogue concerning the ideological ‘message’ of glossy men’s magazines. The sometimes antithetical nature of discourse critically centered on gender representation in visual culture may be attributed to the pervasiveness of familiar (and therefore seemingly harmless) female objectification in the popular media. This thesis examines the iconography of gendered stereotypes against the erotic/pornographic, high culture/low culture object/subject binaries, and, furthermore, situates these types in the wider dialectic of ‘obscene’ (off-scene) versus ‘acceptable’ culture. The glossy men’s magazines that form the interest of this study are a trade situated in the alliance of social elitism and representational control over the female body, and, thus, this thesis marks the point of intersection between consumer culture and the politics of display.
Dissertation (MA (Visual Arts))--University of Pretoria, 2003.
Visual Arts
unrestricted

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Due to the patriarchal structure established in the Latin American continent since the beginning of European colonization, the female was assigned the role of taking care of the home, husband and children, following the teachings of the Catholic Church. In this sense, this research aims to analyze comparatively three historical extraction narratives: Lucía Miranda (1860), by Eduarda Mansilla, reedited by María Rosa Lojo, Desmundo (1996), by Ana Miranda, and Inés del alma mía (2006), by Isabel Allende, in order to understand how the fictional text approaches or moves away from historical texts taken as official and what is the relevance of these novels, considering that they evidence the active participation of women from Europe in the period of colonization and conquest of the New World , even though they were considered, during this historic moment, inferior to men. In this way, fiction, carrying out its critical reading of the past, reveals the presence of captive, exiled and adventurous European women , whose participation in the conquest of America is largely omitted by hegemonic discourse of history, which seeks only to make evident the male participation in this process. Showing this active participation of women in history, through the hybrid genre of history and fiction, means to enable new perspectives on the Latin American past. This is a study of the basic type, characterized as bibliographic, which will be supported by Comparative Literature. Some of the authors to be used as theoretical support are Linda Hutcheon (1991), Lucía Guerra (2007), Fernández Álvarez (2002), Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2007, 2010), Borges Teixeira (2008), among others. It is sought to show, through this study, that the narratives of female authors, especially those produced in contemporary times, are very important in view of the quest for gender opportunities equality
Devido à estrutura patriarcalista instituída no continente latino-americano desde o início da colonização europeia, ao sexo feminino foi atribuído o papel de cuidar do lar, do marido e dos filhos, seguindo os ensinamentos da Igreja Católica. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente três narrativas de extração histórica: Lucía Miranda (1860), de Eduarda Mansilla, reeditado por María Rosa Lojo, Desmundo (1996), de Ana Miranda, e Inés del alma mía (2006), de Isabel Allende, de modo a compreender em que medida o texto ficcional se aproxima ou se distancia de textos históricos tidos como oficiais e qual seria a relevância desses romances, tendo em vista o fato de que neles se evidencia a participação ativa de mulheres vindas da Europa no período de colonização e conquista das terras do Novo Mundo , mesmo sendo elas consideradas, durante esse momento histórico, inferiores aos homens. Dessa forma, a ficção, ao desenvolver uma leitura crítica do passado, revela a presença de cativas, degredadas e aventureiras mulheres europeias , cuja participação no processo de conquista da América é, em grande parte, omitida pelo discurso hegemônico da história, que busca, apenas, evidenciar a participação masculina nesse processo. Revelar essa participação ativa da mulher na história, por meio do gênero híbrido de história e ficção, significa possibilitar novos olhares sobre o passado latino- -americano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, caracterizando-se por ser bibliográfica, que será amparada pela Literatura Comparada. Alguns dos autores a serem utilizados como aporte teórico são Linda Hutcheon (1991), Lucía Guerra (2007), Fernández Álvarez (2002), Gilmei Francisco Fleck (2007, 2010), Borges Teixeira (2008), entre outros. Busca-se mostrar, por meio desse estudo, que as narrativas de autoria feminina, principalmente as produzidas na contemporaneidade, são de extrema relevância tendo em vista a busca pela igualdade de oportunidades entre os gêneros

As angolanas Alda Lara e Paula Tavares, a cabo-verdiana Vera Duarte, a moçambicana Noémia de Sousa e as são-tomenses Alda Espírito Santo e Conceição Lima são as escritoras que melhor representam a poesia de autoria feminina em seus respectivos países e, embora pertençam a contextos socioeconômicos e culturais bastante diferentes, suas obras se aproximam tanto pela abordagem temática, quanto pela existência de um projeto de construção social do sujeito feminino. Assim, embasamo-nos, teoricamente, nos estudos em especial os de Michel de Certeau (2005) e Maria Odila da Silva Leite Dias (1992; 1994; 1998) em torno da hermenêutica do cotidiano feminino, a fim de demonstrar a importância dos papéis informais, das experiências vividas e da resistência das mulheres no processo de formação de suas subjetividades. Recorremos, ainda, a relatórios baseados em recenseamentos e a diversos documentos elaborados por organismos internacionais, a exemplo da ONU e da UNESCO, para estabelecer os pontos de contato entre a situação das mulheres e os contextos históricos-sociais em que estão elas inscritas, ou seja, Angola, Cabo Verde, Moçambique e São Tomé e Príncipe. Finalmente, aliando os aspectos teóricos e os contextuais, analisamos poemas contidos nas obras iniciais de cada uma das já referidas autoras respectivamente, Poemas (1966), Ritos de passagem (1985), Amanhã amadrugada (1993), Sangue negro (2001), É nosso o solo sagrado da terra (1978) e O útero da casa (2004) e procuramos demonstrar que as mulheres, muitas vezes portadoras de uma voz quase silenciosa e marcada pelas miudezas do cotidiano, inscrevem suas marcas na sociedade e têm o poder de (trans)formá-la e de transformar-se, decorrendo daí o título de nossa tese, De missangas e catanas, alusivo à simbologia da resistência empreendida por elas em favor do afloramento de suas subjetividades e do registro de suas historicidades.
The Angolan Alda Lara and Paula Tavares, the Cape Verdean Vera Duarte, the Mozambican Noémia de Sousa and the Santomean Alda Espírito Santo and Conceição Lima are the writers who best represent the poetry authored by women in their respective countries and, although belonging to very distinct socioeconomic and cultural contexts, their works approach both thematically and as a project of social construction of the female subject. Therefore, our work is based specially in the studies of Michel de Certeau (2005) and Maria Odila da Silva Leite Dias (1992, 1994, 1998) concerning the hermeneutics of everyday life of women in order to demonstrate the importance of informal roles, the experiences of women and the resistance in the formation of their subjectivities. We also recall the reports based on different censuses and documents prepared by international bodies such as the United Nations and UNESCO to establish points of contact between the situation of women and the social-historical contexts in which they are inscribed: Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique and São Tome and Principe. Finally, combining the theoretical and contextual aspects, we analyzed poems contained in the initiation works of each of the aforementioned authors respectively - Poemas (1966), Ritos de passagem (1985), Amanhã amadrugada (1993), Sangue negro (2001), É nosso o solo sagrado da terra (1978) and O útero da casa (2004) and we demonstrated that even though women often suffer from an almost silenced voice, marked by the offal of daily life, they inscribed their mark on society having the power of (trans)form it. Hence, this is the origin of the title of our thesis, Of beads and machetes which illustrates the symbols of resistance undertaken by the authors for the blossoming of their subjectivities and for the registering of their historicities.

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Centralizando-se nos relatos de Amores insólitos de nuestra historia (2001, 2011) e nos romances Finesterre (2005), Árbol de família (2010) e Todos éramos hijos (2014), o presente trabalho aborda como María Rosa Lojo articula o conceito de texto com a metáfora do tecido e como esse tecido/texto também está associado à vestimenta, às máscaras e à atuação performática dos personagens em geral, sempre associada ao ato de escrever e ao ato de apropriar-se, em especial no caso das mulheres, ou de outros personagens ex-cêntricos (HUTCHEON, 1991), de seu próprio corpo. A opção pela obra da escritora argentina contemporânea Maria Rosa como corpus desta tese justifica-se pelo painel que traça, em seus livros, da história argentina e pela maneira peculiar como constrói a sua teia narrativa, como elabora o seu bordado. Ao desconstruir mitos fundacionais e questionar a constituição identitária rio-platense, Lojo propõe ressignificar o próprio conceito de humanidade. Envolvendo os leitores, proporciona fruição poética e reflexão profunda. Ao resgatar autoras do século XIX, conta uma nova história da história e possibilita demonstrar como a mulher vai construindo uma forma própria de se colocar na literatura. Portanto, a questão que norteia o presente trabalho é em que medida a autora tece a história da Argentina para recriar-se argentina? Como ela constrói sensorial e sinestesicamente a trama–teia–texto de sua própria argentinidade? Também ela teria sido beneficiária do poder curativo do bordar e do narrar (BENJAMIN, 1994, 1997; GAGNEBIN, 1985), expurgando o sentimento da “exilada-filha” tantas vezes mencionado em entrevistas e artigos (também textos, também teias) e o da loucura, tema anunciado do próximo livro? Como principal suporte teórico da investigação foram utilizados textos de Showalter (1998), Rapucci (2011), Cunha (2004), Schmidt (1995, 2009, 2012) e Bonnici (2007), no que tange a estudos de gênero e autoria feminina; de Esteves (2010, 2011, 2013), Perkowska (2006), Trouche (2006) e Rivas (2004) sobre narrativas de extração histórica; Crespo Buiturón (2008, 2009), Molina (2010), Luesakul (2014) e Marques (2016), a respeito da estética e da autoria lojeana, além de textos críticos da própria escritora.
Focusing on the reports of Amores insólitos de nuestra história (2001, 2011) and the novels Finesterre (2005), Árbol de familia (2010) and Todos éramos hijos (2014), this paper addresses how María Rosa Lojo articulates the concept of text with the metaphor of the fabric and how this fabric/text is also associated with the dress, the masks and the performance of the characters in general always associated with the act of writing and the act of appropriation, especially in the case of women, or other excentric characters (HUTCHEON, 1991), of his/her own body. The option for the work of the contemporary Argentine writer Maria Rosa as a corpus of this thesis is justified by the panel that traces, in her books, the history of Argentina and the peculiar way in which she constructs her narrative web, how she elaborates her chain-stitch.By deconstructing foundational myths and questioning the rioplatense identity constitution, Lojo proposes to re-signify the very concept of humanity. Involving readers, provides poetic enjoyment and deep reflection. By rescuing authors from the nineteenth century, she tells a new history of history and makes it possible to demonstrate how women are building their own way of putting themselves in the literature. Therefore the question that guides this work is to what extent the author weaves the history of Argentina to recreate herself an Argentinian? How does she construct sensory and sinesthetically the webtext-plot of her own argentinity? Had she also been benefited from the curative power of embroidery and narration (BENJAMIN, 1994, 1997; GAGNEBIN, 1985), expunging the feeling of the "exile-child" so often mentioned in interviews and articles (also texts, also webs) and of madness, the theme of the next book announced? As the main theoretical support of the research, texts from Showalter (1998), Rapucci (2011), Cunha (2004), Schmidt (1995, 2009, 2012) and Bonnici (2007) were used in gender studies and female authorship; Esteves (2010, 2011, 2013), Perkowska (2006), Trouche (2006) and Rivas (2004) on historical extraction narratives; Crespo Buiturón (2008, 2009), Molina (2010), Luesakul (2014) and Marques (2016), regarding aesthetics and Lojeana authorship, as well as critical texts by the writer herself.
Centralizándose en los relatos de Amores insólitos de nuestra historia (2001, 2011) y en los romances Finesterre (2005), Árbol de familia (2010) y Todos éramos hijos (2014), el presente estudio aborda cómo María Rosa Lojo articula el concepto de texto con la metáfora de tejido y como ese tejido/texto también se asocia con la vestimenta, con las máscaras y la actuación performativa de los personajes en general, siempre vinculada al acto de escribir y al acto de apropiarse, en especial en el caso de las mujeres, o de otros personajes ex céntricos (HUTCHEON, 1991), de su propio cuerpo. La opción por la obra de la escritora argentina contemporánea María Rosa como corpus de esta tesis se justifica por el panel que describe, en sus libros, de la historia argentina y por la manera peculiar como construye su tela narrativa, como elabora su bordado. Al deconstruir mitos fundacionales y cuestionar la constitución de identidad rioplatense, Lojo propone replantear el propio concepto de humanidad. Envolviendo a los lectores, proporciona disfrute poético y reflexión profunda. Al rescatar autoras del siglo XIX, cuenta una nueva historia de la historia y permite demostrar como la mujer va construyendo una forma propia de colocarse en la literatura. Por lo tanto, la pregunta que guía el presente trabajo es: ¿en qué medida la autora teje la historia de Argentina para recrearse argentina? ¿Cómo ella construye sensorial y sinestésicamente la trama–tela–texto de su propia argentinidad? ¿También ella habría sido beneficiaria del poder curativo de bordar y narrar (BENJAMIN, 1994, 1997; GAGNEBIN, 1985), expurgando el sentimiento de ―exilada-hija‖ tantas veces mencionado en entrevistas y artículos (también textos, también telas) y el de la locura, tema anunciado del próximo libro? Como principal soporte teórico de la investigación fueron utilizados textos de Showalter (1998), Rapucci (2011), Cunha (2004), Schmidt (1995, 2009, 2012) y Bonnici (2007), con respecto a los estudios de género y autoría femenina; de Esteves (2010, 2011, 2013), Perkowska (2006), Trouche (2006) y Rivas (2004) sobre narrativas de extracción histórica; Crespo Buiturón (2008, 2009), Molina (2010), Luesakul (2014) y Marques (2016), con respecto a la estética y a la autoría lojeana, además de textos críticos de la propia escritora.

This dissertation examines the discourses surrounding women and writing in the rapidly commercialized publishing industry and media in early 20th-century Japan. While Japan has a rich history of women's writing from the 10th century onwards, it was in the 1910s that the journalistic category of "women's literature" (joryû bungaku) emerged within the dominant literary mode of Naturalism, as the field of literature itself achieved a respectable cultural status after the end of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). Through a close textual analysis of fictional works, literary journals, and newspapers from the turn of the century to the 1930s, I explore how various women embraced, subverted, and negotiated the gendered identity of the "woman writer" (joryû sakka) while creating their own spheres of literary production through women's literary journals. Central to this investigation are issues of media, translation, canonization, and the creation of literary histories as Japanese literature became institutionalized within the new cosmopolitan notion of world literature. The first chapter explores how the image of the woman writer formed around the key figure of Tamura Toshiko (1884-1945) within the interrelated discourses of Naturalism, the New Woman, and decadence in the 1910s. As the New Woman became a social phenomenon alongside ongoing debates about women's issues, feminist women inaugurated the journal Seitô (Bluestocking, 1911-16) as a venue for women's literature. While this category renders their writings marginal to mainstream literature, it was a progressive, political position that marked their place within the literary world. I examine Toshiko's ambivalent position within this feminist project, and the instability of the media image of the New Woman that was always on the verge of slipping into the decadent figure of femme fatale. The second chapter examines the canonization of the late 19th-century prominent writer Higuchi Ichiyô (1872-96) at the turn of the century as a model woman writer and an embodiment of Japan's past tradition, which cast a threatening shadow on the women of Seitô. Tamura Toshiko's rejection of the New Woman identity and increasing association with aesthetic decadence also came to be at odds with their feminist mission. Seitô women's rejection of both Ichiyô and Toshiko was thus a necessary act in self-proclaiming the birth of the New Woman. As the number of women writers gradually increased in the late 1910s, various types of literary expression emerged beyond gendered expectations, paving the way for the mass expansion of women's writing in the 1920s. As the notion of world literature formed alongside various national literatures during the vast expansion of the publishing industry and translation culture in the 1920s, women began to envision their own alternative genealogy alongside dominant literary histories. The third chapter explores the envisioning of women's literary history by the Seitô writer Ikuta Hanayo (1888-1970) and the British modernist Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), whose feminist imaginations came together through the canonization of the English translation of The Tale of Genji, originally an 11th-century work written by a woman. As the growth of translations created a sense of global simultaneity, I further examine how the rhetoric of gender was central to Japanese literary modernism through the reception of two major British modernists, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, in Japan.

Qu, Shuwen.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-321).
Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 07, December, 2016).
Qu, Shuwen.

Qui fait quoi au sein d’une équipe de recherche scientifique? Ce mémoire propose de définir les rôles de chacun des auteurs à l’aide d’une méthodologie originale. L’ordre des auteurs est un indicateur utile de l’importance relative de chacun des co-auteurs, mais il ne révèle pas la nature précise de leur rôle au sein de l’équipe. Ainsi, notre recherche démontre que l’utilisation des libellés de contributions aux articles scientifiques à des fins bibliométriques est possible et ce, même à grande échelle. Nos résultats montrent qu’il existe des différences dans les contributions apportées aux articles scientifiques et que ces différences s’appliquent aussi à la répartition du travail au sein des équipes de recherche selon le sexe des auteurs.
Who does what in a scientific research team? This work proposes to define the roles of each author with an original methodology. The order of the authors is a useful indicator of the relative importance of each of the co-authors, but it does not reveal the precise nature of their respective role. Our research shows that using statements of contributions from scientific articles for bibliometric purposes is possible, even on a large scale. Our results show that there are differences in the contributions to scientific articles and these differences also apply to the distribution of work among research teams by gender.