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Journal articles on the topic 'Feline infectious peritoniti'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

TZIVARA (Α. ΤΖΙΒΑΡΑ), A., and S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ). "Feline Coronavirus infections and feline infectious peritonitis." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15710.

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Cats are susceptible to infection with several different strains of feline Coronavirus. Depending on the involved strain, clinical signs may range from asymptomatic infection to gastrointestinal disease or fibrinous serositis and disseminated vasculitis, commonly known as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Excretion of virus by infected cats into the environment occurs by faeces, oronasal secretions and urine. The feline coronaviruses are rapidly inactivated by most disinfectants. Clinical diagnosis of Coronavirus infection is made by evaluating the case history, physical findings, laboratory results, Coronavirus antibody titers and tissue biopsy. A temperature-sensitive feline infectious peritonitis virus vaccine has become available for healthy 16 week of age or older cats.

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2

Avila, Vicente, and Daniel Rissi. "Ulcerative dermatitis due to feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in a cat." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24070/bjvp.1983-0246.v13i1p48-50.

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3

Kipar, A., and M. L. Meli. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis." Veterinary Pathology 51, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985814522077.

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4

Andrew, Stacy E. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 987–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(00)05002-6.

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5

Hartmann, Katrin. "Feline infectious peritonitis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 35, no. 1 (January 2005): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.10.011.

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6

Kennedy, Melissa A. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 50, no. 5 (September 2020): 1001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.05.002.

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7

Ermakov, Aleksey, Tatyana Lipilkina, Pavel Lipilkin, and Igor Popov. "Feline coronavirus infection." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127302025.

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The main feature of feline coronavirus infection is its manifestation in the form of peritonitis. Feline infectious peritonitis is a highly lethal disease that lacks primary prevention and therapy. Therefore, feline infectious peritonitis is an epizootic problem in the near future. In our review, we demonstrate the current clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for feline infectious peritonitis, as well as hypotheses of origin.

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8

Sweet, Arjun N., Nicole M. André, Alison E. Stout, Beth N. Licitra, and Gary R. Whittaker. "Clinical and Molecular Relationships between COVID-19 and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)." Viruses 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030481.

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the medical and scientific community to address questions surrounding the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of COVID-19; however, relevant clinical models outside of humans are still lacking. In felines, a ubiquitous coronavirus, described as feline coronavirus (FCoV), can present as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)—a leading cause of mortality in young cats that is characterized as a severe, systemic inflammation. The diverse extrapulmonary signs of FIP and rapidly progressive disease course, coupled with a closely related etiologic agent, present a degree of overlap with COVID-19. This paper will explore the molecular and clinical relationships between FIP and COVID-19. While key differences between the two syndromes exist, these similarities support further examination of feline coronaviruses as a naturally occurring clinical model for coronavirus disease in humans.

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9

Nururrozi, Alfarisa, Agistanya Andimi, Yanuartono Yanuartono, and Soedarmanto Indarjulianto. "Studi Retrospektif Profil Hemogram Kasus Peritonitis Menular Tipe Efusif pada Kucing." Jurnal Veteriner 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.1.112.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) merupakan penyakit pada kucing dengan tingkat mortalitas tinggi, sehingga membutuhkan diagnosa yang cepat untuk kepentingan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi profil hemogram kucing yang terinfeksi FIP tipe efusif. Dua puluh ekor kucing yang telah terdiagnosa FIP di Klinik Hewan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada digunakan dalam penelitian. Diagnosa FIP ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis, ultrasonografi, rontgen, uji rivalta, dan uji rapid test. Profil hemogram yang dianalisis meliputi gambaran hematologi rutin dan kimia darah. Profil hemogram pada kucing terinfeksi FIP tipe effusif, diketahui mengalami penurunan hematokrit, hiperproteinemia, dan leukositosis dengan rerata masing-masing 22,9±7,4%; 9,0±2,2 g/dL; 22425±4116 sel/mm3. Gambaran eritrosit, hemoglobin dan fibrinogen masih dalam kisaran normal. Sebanyak 90% kucing terinfeksi FIP efusif mengalami neutrofilia dan 75% kucing mengalami limfopenia dengan rerata masing-masing 20066±3337 sel/mm3 dan 1861±1818sel/mm3. Profil hemogram kimia darah diketahui 60% kucing mengalami kenaikan SGPT dan SGOT dengan rerata 138,4±72,3 IU/L dan 101±60,5 IU/L. Sebanyak 90% kucing mengalami hiperglobulinemia dengan rerata 6,7±0,8 g/dL dan semua kucing memiliki rasio albumin:globulin yang rendah dengan rerata 0,3±0,1. Kucing terdiagnosa FIP efusif memiliki gambaran hemogram leukositosis, neutrofilia, limfopenia, hiperglobulinemia, dan penurunan rasio albumin-globulin.

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10

Hora, A. S., P. O. Tonietti, S. A. Taniwaki, K. M. Asano, P. Maiorka, L. J. Richtzenhain, and P. E. Brandão. "Feline Coronavirus 3c Protein: A Candidate for a Virulence Marker?" BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8560691.

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Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is highly virulent and responsible for the highly fatal disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), whereas feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) is widespread among the feline population and typically causes asymptomatic infections. Some candidates for genetic markers capable of differentiating these two pathotypes of a unique virus (feline coronavirus) have been proposed by several studies. In the present survey, in order to search for markers that can differentiate FECV and FIPV, several clones of the 3a–c, E, and M genes were sequenced from samples obtained from cats with or without FIP. All genes showed genetic diversity and suggested the presence of FCoV mutant spectrum capable of producing a virulent pathotype in an individual-specific way. In addition, all the feline coronavirus FIPV strains demonstrated a truncated 3c protein, and the 3c gene was the only observed pathotypic marker for FCoVs, showing that 3c gene is a candidate marker for the distinction between the two pathotypes when the mutant spectrum is taken into account.

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11

Addie, D., and O. Jarrett. "Feline infectious peritonitis study." Veterinary Record 134, no. 14 (April 2, 1994): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.14.360-b.

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12

Horzinek, Marian C., Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, and Daniel J. Ellens. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 24, no. 5 (May 13, 2010): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1977.tb01013.x.

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13

Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., Marian C. Horzinek, and R. M. S. Wirahadiredja. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 25, no. 4 (May 13, 2010): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01683.x.

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14

Yu, Jane, Benjamin Kimble, Jacqueline M. Norris, and Merran Govendir. "Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Administration of Mefloquine to Clinically Normal Cats: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study of a Potential Treatment for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061000.

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The pharmacokinetic profile of mefloquine was investigated as a preliminary study towards a potential treatment for feline coronavirus infections (such as feline infectious peritonitis) or feline calicivirus infections. Mefloquine was administered at 62.5 mg orally to seven clinically healthy cats twice weekly for four doses and mefloquine plasma concentrations over 336 h were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) after a single oral dose of mefloquine was 2.71 ug/mL and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 15 h. The elimination half-life was 224 h. The plasma concentration reached a higher level at 4.06 ug/mL when mefloquine was administered with food. Adverse effects of dosing included vomiting following administration without food in some cats. Mild increases in serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), but not creatinine, concentrations were observed. Mefloquine may provide a safe effective treatment for feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats.

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15

Legendre, A. M. "Feline infectious peritonitis‐new insights." Veterinary Quarterly 18, sup1 (April 1996): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1996.9694669.

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16

German, Allison. "Update on feline infectious peritonitis." In Practice 34, no. 5 (May 2012): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.e2779.

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17

Barker, Emi, and Séverine Tasker. "Update on feline infectious peritonitis." In Practice 42, no. 7 (September 2020): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.m3187.

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18

Honey, Laura. "Dealing with feline infectious peritonitis." In Practice 42, no. 7 (September 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.m3470.

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19

Horzinek, Marian C., Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, R. M. S. Wirahadiredja, and P. de Kreek. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Virus." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 25, no. 10 (May 13, 2010): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01056.x.

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20

Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., M. C. Horzinek, R. M. S. Wirahadiredja, and A. Kroon. "Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Virus." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 25, no. 10 (May 13, 2010): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1978.tb01057.x.

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21

Delaplace, Manon, Hélène Huet, Adèle Gambino, and Sophie Le Poder. "Feline Coronavirus Antivirals: A Review." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091150.

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Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) are common viral pathogens of cats. They usually induce asymptomatic infections but some FCoV strains, named Feline Infectious Peritonitis Viruses (FIPV) lead to a systematic fatal disease, the feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). While no treatments are approved as of yet, numerous studies have been explored with the hope to develop therapeutic compounds. In recent years, two novel molecules (GS-441524 and GC376) have raised hopes given the encouraging results, but some concerns about the use of these molecules persist, such as the fear of the emergence of viral escape mutants or the difficult tissue distribution of these antivirals in certain affected organs. This review will summarize current findings and leads in the development of antiviral therapy against FCoV both in vitro and in vivo, with the description of their mechanisms of action when known. It highlights the molecules, which could have a broader effect on different coronaviruses. In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the development of antivirals is an urgent need and FIP could be a valuable model to help this research area.

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22

Le Poder, Sophie. "Feline and Canine Coronaviruses: Common Genetic and Pathobiological Features." Advances in Virology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/609465.

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A new human coronavirus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was identified in 2003, which raised concern about coronaviruses as agents of serious infectious disease. Nevertheless, coronaviruses have been known for about 50 years to be major agents of respiratory, enteric, or systemic infections of domestic and companion animals. Feline and canine coronaviruses are widespread among dog and cat populations, sometimes leading to the fatal diseases known as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and pantropic canine coronavirus infection in cats and dogs, respectively. In this paper, different aspects of the genetics, host cell tropism, and pathogenesis of the feline and canine coronaviruses (FCoV and CCoV) will be discussed, with a view to illustrating how study of FCoVs and CCoVs can improve our general understanding of the pathobiology of coronaviruses.

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23

Widhyari, Sus Derthi, Bayu Firmala Kusuma, Setyo Widodo, Anita Esfandiari, Retno Wulansari, and Leni Maylina. "Suspect feline infectious peritonitis pada kucing." ARSHI Veterinary Letters 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avl.2.1.15-16.

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) adalah penyakit menular akibat infeksi corona virus dan dapat berakibat kematian. Diagnosa FIP dijumpai pada seekor kucing dengan gejala anoreksia, lemas, perut membesar dan diare. Hasil pemeriksaan abdomen menunjukkan adanya undulasi positif diduga akibat penimbunan cairan di rongga abdomen. FIP tipe ini dijumpai adanya akumulasi cairan dalam rongga perut dan menyebabkan terjadinya pembesaran daerah abdomen dan disertai kesulitan bernafas. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratories, kucing di diagnosa mengalami s<em>uspect Feline Infectious Peritonitis</em> (FIP) tipe basah. Perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk lebih meneguhkan diagnosa, seperti uji serologis, radiografi, dan ultrasonografi.

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24

Yen, Shih-Jung, and Hui-Wen Chen. "Feline Coronaviruses Identified in Feline Effusions in Suspected Cases of Feline Infectious Peritonitis." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091801.

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Ninety-five effusion samples were collected from cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis in northern Taiwan; these samples showed a 47.4% (45/95) feline coronavirus (FCoV) positivity rate on immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR. Young cats (≤24 months old) were found to have a significantly higher risk than cats >24 months old (odds ratio (OR) = 6.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.54–16.00). No significant association was found between the positive rates and sex or breed. The A/G ratio in positive cases was significantly lower than the A/G ratio in negative cases. Genotyping and sequencing of the positive cases revealed 71.9% single infection with type I strains and 28.1% coinfection with types I and II. No single infections with type II strains were noted. The type I sequences had high diversity, while the type II sequences had high internal sequence identity and were more similar to CoVs from other species, such as dogs, pigs, and various small mammals. This study demonstrates the latest analysis of FCoV infection cases in northern Taiwan.

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25

Mirahsanti, Ni Putu Nicky, I. Gede Soma, and I. Wayan Batan. "Laporan Kasus: Radang Peritonium Menular pada Kucing Kampung yang Diteguhkan dengan Uji Rivalta." Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 11, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/imv.2022.11.3.412.

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Minmin, seekor kucing kampungjantanberumur satutahun dengan bobotbadan 4,3 kgmengalamipenurunan nafsu makan sertaabdomen yang membesar. Pada pemeriksaan fisik diketahui adanya distensi abdomen. Pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dan biokimia darahmenunjukkan adanya peradangan kronis dan abnormalitas fungsi hati dan ginjal. Pemeriksaan radiografidan abdominocentesismenunjukkanterjadi akumulasi cairan pada abdomen(ascites) dengan cairan berwarna kuning pucat dan konsistensi cair mengental. Hasil tesrivalta menunjukkan hasil positif akumulasi eksudat yang ditandai dengan bentukan seperti ubur-ubur. Kucing didiagnosis menderita radang peritoneum menular bentuk efusif. Terapi yang diberikan berupa pemberian diuretik furosemide5 mg/kgBB(dua kalisehari) secara intravena(IV), antibiotik cefotaximsodium 30 mg/kgBB(dua kalisehari) secara IV, antiinflamasi dexamethasone0,5mg/kgBB(dua kalisehari) secara subkutan(SC), hepatoprotektorbetaine2,5mg/kgBB (duahari sekali) SC, dan asam keto peroral 11 mg/kgBB (setiap duahari sekali)selama satu minggu.Hasil pengobatan selama satu minggu hanya memberikan hasil yang sementara terhadap penurunan derajat distensi abdomen.Kucing kasus mati pada bulan keenam setelah terapi.

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26

Kulikov, E. V., Y. A. Vatnikov, N. V. Sakhno, I. A. Popova, L. A. Gnezdilova, V. I. Kuznetsov, and A. A. Strizhakov. "PATHOLOGICOANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 64, no. 4 (April 28, 2017): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-04.34.

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27

Saunders, Samantha. "An update on feline infectious peritonitis." Companion Animal 21, no. 8 (August 2, 2016): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2016.21.8.472.

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28

Barr, Frances. "SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENT Feline infectious peritonitis." Journal of Small Animal Practice 39, no. 10 (October 1998): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03691.x.

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29

Regan, Andrew D., David G. Ousterout, and Gary R. Whittaker. "Feline Lectin Activity Is Critical for the Cellular Entry of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus." Journal of Virology 84, no. 15 (May 19, 2010): 7917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00964-10.

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ABSTRACT Feline infectious peritonitis is a lethal disease of felids caused by systemic infection with a feline coronavirus. Here, we report identification and analysis of the feline homologue to the human lectin DC-SIGN and show that it is a coreceptor for virulent strains of serotype 1 and serotype 2 feline coronaviruses.

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30

Gunn-Moore, Danièlle A., and Nicki Reed. "CNS Disease in the Cat: Current Knowledge of Infectious Causes." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 13, no. 11 (November 2011): 824–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2011.09.004.

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Practical relevance Neurological disease is a relatively common reason for referral, constituting approximately 10% of the feline referral caseload. Nearly one-third to one-half of these cases may be infectious in origin. As such, an awareness of infectious diseases causing central nervous system (CNS) signs in cats, and their clinical diagnosis and management, is relevant to anyone dealing with cats on a regular basis. Global importance Some conditions (eg, rabies) are more common in certain countries than others. Conditions such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and toxoplasmosis are of global significance. Patient group Many infectious diseases may affect any feline population. Some, such as FIP, are more common in pedigree households, whereas others such as toxoplasmosis, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infections, are more likely to affect a single cat with an outdoor lifestyle. Equipment All patients benefit from thorough history taking and clinical, neurological and ophthalmic examinations, which all require minimal equipment. Infectious diseases may often be diagnosed on blood samples; however, definitive diagnosis may require more extensive investigation involving cerebrospinal fluid analysis or advanced imaging necessitating access to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Evidence base The information in this review, which summarises current knowledge of infectious diseases affecting the CNS, is collated from publications on the infectious diseases comprising previous research papers, review articles, case series, case reports and textbooks, supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors.

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31

Sorrell, Stephanie, Sneha Joseph Pugalendhi, and Danièlle Gunn-Moore. "Current treatment options for feline infectious peritonitis in the UK." Companion Animal 27, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2022.0016.

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Until recently, feline infectious peritonitis was an invariably fatal disease that occurs when a ubiquitous enteric coronavirus mutates. This enables it to replicate effectively within macrophages, resulting in immune-mediated phlebitis and serositis. While our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis remains unchanged, with the recent availability of legalised antiviral drugs, successful treatment is now a possibility, albeit at a cost. As we approach a new dawn of research into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, this review summarises current therapeutic options. Please note, some protocols are still being optimised.

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32

SEVİNÇ, Mutlu, Mahmut OK, and Merve İDER. "Similarities and Differences Between Feline Infectious Peritonitis and COVID-19: Traditional Review." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 2 (2022): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/vetsci.2021-83092.

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33

Şahinduran, Ş., MK Albay, M. Karaca, MÇ Karakurum, and R. Kiyici. "Investigation of some acute phase proteins, cytokines and hepcidin values in feline enteric corona virus antibodies and feline infectious peritonitis antigen positive cats." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 4 (January 20, 2023): 4697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.24162.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronaviruses. The causative agent is Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus, a mutation of Feline Enteric Coronavirus. Feline Corona Virus is very common in the cat population. In Feline Corona Virus infected cats, the development of FIP depends on the cat's immune response. FIP disease is more common in young and old cats because young and old animals have a weaker immune system. The acute phase response is a complex systemic reaction that occurs as a response to acute or chronic inflammatory processes such as infection, neoplasia or immunological disorders, tissue damage, trauma and surgery. The study material included 15 cat with presumptive FIP (study group) and 10 healthy cats (control group). Of the 15 cats, 9 (60%) showed dry and 6 (40%) effusive form. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepcidin, alanine-amino transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatinine levels were measured in the serum collected from both groups. There were no difference between the wet and dry FIP in albumin values; haptoglobin, α1-acid glycoprotein, SAA and hepcidin values were significantly different between the two groups. IL-6, showed significant difference in both wet and dry FIP groups. It was also concluded that hepcidin may be used as a biomarker in Feline Infectious Peritonitis disease like other acute phase proteins.

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34

Thayer, Vicki, Susan Gogolski, Sandra Felten, Katrin Hartmann, Melissa Kennedy, and Glenn A. Olah. "2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 905–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221118761.

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Clinical importance: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases and causes of death in cats; young cats less than 2 years of age are especially vulnerable. FIP is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). It has been estimated that around 0.3% to 1.4% of feline deaths at veterinary institutions are caused by FIP. Scope: This document has been developed by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine as the 2022 AAFP/EveryCat Feline Infectious Peritonitis Diagnosis Guidelines to provide veterinarians with essential information to aid their ability to recognize cats presenting with FIP. Testing and interpretation: Nearly every small animal veterinary practitioner will see cases. FIP can be challenging to diagnose owing to the lack of pathognomonic clinical signs or laboratory changes, especially when no effusion is present. A good understanding of each diagnostic test’s sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio and diagnostic accuracy is important when building a case for FIP. Before proceeding with any diagnostic test or commercial laboratory profile, the clinician should be able to answer the questions of ‘why this test?’ and ‘what do the results mean?’ Ultimately, the approach to diagnosing FIP must be tailored to the specific presentation of the individual cat. Relevance: Given that the disease is fatal when untreated, the ability to obtain a correct diagnosis is critical. The clinician must consider the individual patient’s history, signalment and comprehensive physical examination findings when selecting diagnostic tests and sample types in order to build the index of suspicion ‘brick by brick’. Research has demonstrated efficacy of new antivirals in FIP treatment, but these products are not legally available in many countries at this time. The Task Force encourages veterinarians to review the literature and stay informed on clinical trials and new drug approvals.

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35

Diana, Riya Ulfa, Fitri Hermawati, and Mentari Hayu Pramesti. "Peneguhan diagnosa feline infectious peritonitis pada kucing." ARSHI Veterinary Letters 6, no. 2 (September 2, 2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avl.6.2.29-30.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) adalah penyakit viral pada kucing disebabkan oleh feline corona virus (FCoV) dengan bentuk utama yaitu efusif (basah) dan non-efusif (kering). Gejala klinis pada kasus ini antara lain anoreksia, letargi, jaundice, demam, serta penurunan bobot badan yang cukup signifikan. Diagnosa penunjang umumnya diperlukan untuk meneguhkan diagnosa FIP karena penyakit ini tidak memiliki gejala yang spesifik. Tulisan ini melaporkan proses peneguhan diagnosa menggunakan kombinasi beberapa alat diagnosa penunjang pada seekor kucing yang menunjukkan gejala spesifik. Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi dan biokimia menunjukkan adanya leukosistosis, trombositopenia, dan hiperglobuniemia pada kucing. Hasil pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) berhasil mendeteksi adanya FCoV dari sampel darah sehingga kucing dalam kasus ini secara definitif didiagnosa mengalami FIP dengan tipe non-efusif.

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Wang, Fenghua, Cheng Chen, Xuemeng Liu, Kailin Yang, Xiaoling Xu, and Haitao Yang. "Crystal Structure of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Main Protease in Complex with Synergetic Dual Inhibitors." Journal of Virology 90, no. 4 (December 9, 2015): 1910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02685-15.

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ABSTRACTCoronaviruses (CoVs) can cause highly prevalent diseases in humans and animals. Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) belongs to the genusAlphacoronavirus, resulting in a lethal systemic granulomatous disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats worldwide. No specific vaccines or drugs have been approved to treat FIP. CoV main proteases (Mpros) play a pivotal role in viral transcription and replication, making them an ideal target for drug development. Here, we report the crystal structure of FIPV Mproin complex with dual inhibitors, a zinc ion and a Michael acceptor. The complex structure elaborates a unique mechanism of two distinct inhibitors synergizing to inactivate the protease, providing a structural basis to design novel antivirals and suggesting the potential to take advantage of zinc as an adjunct therapy against CoV-associated diseases.IMPORTANCECoronaviruses (CoVs) have the largest genome size among all RNA viruses. CoV infection causes various diseases in humans and animals, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). No approved specific drugs or vaccinations are available to treat their infections. Here, we report a novel dual inhibition mechanism targeting CoV main protease (Mpro) from feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), which leads to lethal systemic granulomatous disease in cats. Mpro, conserved across all CoV genomes, is essential for viral replication and transcription. We demonstrated that zinc ion and a Michael acceptor-based peptidomimetic inhibitor synergistically inactivate FIPV Mpro. We also solved the structure of FIPV Mprocomplexed with two inhibitors, delineating the structural view of a dual inhibition mechanism. Our study provides new insight into the pharmaceutical strategy against CoV Mprothrough using zinc as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the efficacy of an irreversible peptidomimetic inhibitor.

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Drechsler, Yvonne, Elton J. R. Vasconcelos, Lisa M. Griggs, and Pedro P. P. V. Diniz. "Host responses to feline coronavirus are significantly different in primary macrophages compared to CRFK cells." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 19.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.19.13.

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Abstract Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a highly contagious virus that exists as two pathotypes, with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) caused by the pathogenic FIPV. The pathogenesis of FIPV remains poorly understood, and several different theories are still being discussed. A strong argument can be made for a role of the immune status and genetics of affected cats in pathogenesis. Most studies have focused on viral entry or differential replication instead of host responses. Considering the importance of genetics and host immune responses in viral infections, transcriptome studies to elucidate host pathogen interactions in primary macrophages and Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney cells (CRFK) were performed by next-generation sequencing of mRNA. CRFK and macrophages from healthy male cats infected with FIPV 79-1146 ex vivo displayed differential gene expression in response. While CRFK gene expression was enriched for many classical virally induced genes and pathway networks, gene expression in macrophages was quite different. Interestingly, some of the commonly downregulated genes in macrophages involved innate anti-viral factors, while upregulated genes fell within unexpected pathways, such as autophagy, cellular senescence and other cellular processes not directly linked to infection. Our results highlight how individual host responses play a strong role when exposed to the virus, consistent with the fact that cats developing feline infectious peritonitis are very young or old, immune suppressed or of a particular genetic background. This study will give more insight into interactions of FCoV with feline macrophages and contrast it with the responses of a cell line that readily replicates the virus.

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GOITSUKA, Ryo, Chikage ONDA, Yoshikazu HIROTA, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, and Isamu TOMODA. "Feline interleukin 1 production induced by feline infectious peritonitis virus." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 50, no. 1 (1988): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.50.209.

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Liu, Yongxiang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Hongtao Kang, Xiaoliang Hu, Jiasen Liu, Jin Tian, and Liandong Qu. "Identification of Feline Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Efficient Antiviral Factor against the Replication of Feline Calicivirus and Other Feline Viruses." BioMed Research International 2018 (June 12, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2739830.

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Interferons (IFNs) can inhibit most, if not all, viral infections by eliciting the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cats and a surrogate for Norwalk virus. Interferon efficiently inhibits the replication of FCV, but the mechanism of the antiviral activity is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the anti-FCV activity of ten ISGs, whose antiviral activities were previously reported. The results showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) can significantly inhibit the replication of FCV, whereas the other ISGs tested in this study failed. Further, we found that IRF1 was localized in the nucleus and efficiently activated IFN-β and the ISRE promoter. IRF1 can trigger the production of endogenous interferon and the expression of ISGs, suggesting that IRF1 can positively regulate IFN signalling. Importantly, the mRNA and protein levels of IRF1 were reduced upon FCV infection, which may be a new strategy for FCV to evade the innate immune system. Finally, the antiviral activity of IRF1 against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, and feline infectious peritonitis virus was demonstrated. These data indicate that feline IRF1 plays an important role in regulating the host type I IFN response and inhibiting feline viral infections.

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Drechsler, Yvonne, Elton J. R. Vasconcelos, Lisa M. Griggs, Pedro P. P. V. Diniz, and Ellen Collisson. "Host Gene Expression of Macrophages in Response to Feline Coronavirus Infection." Cells 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061431.

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Feline coronavirus is a highly contagious virus potentially resulting in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), while the pathogenesis of FIP remains not well understood, particularly in the events leading to the disease. A predominant theory is that the pathogenic FIPV arises from a mutation, so that it could replicate not only in enterocytes of the intestines but also in monocytes, subsequently systemically transporting the virus. The immune status and genetics of affected cats certainly play an important role in the pathogenesis. Considering the importance of genetics and host immune responses in viral infections, the goal of this study was to elucidate host gene expression in macrophages using RNA sequencing. Macrophages from healthy male cats infected with FIPV 79-1146 ex vivo displayed a differential host gene expression. Despite the virus uptake, aligned viral reads did not increase from 2 to 17 h. The overlap of host gene expression among macrophages from different cats was limited, even though viral transcripts were detected in the cells. Interestingly, some of the downregulated genes in all macrophages were involved in immune signaling, while some upregulated genes common for all cats were found to be inhibiting immune activation. Our results highlight individual host responses playing an important role, consistent with the fact that few cats develop feline infectious peritonitis despite a common presence of enteric FCoV.

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Withoeft, Jéssica A., Thierry G. Cristo, Giovana Biezus, Leonardo S. Costa, Tainah P. Dal Pont, Amanda C. Freitas, Sandra D. Traverso, and Renata A. Casagrande. "Causes of death and euthanasia in domestic cats in the Santa Catarina plateau (1995-2015)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 3 (March 2019): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5814.

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ABSTRACT: Knowledge about the causes of death in felines constitutes important information to owners, veterinarians, and researchers, aiming at reducing the number of deaths in this species. In order to determine the main causes of death or euthanasia in cats in the Santa Catarina plateau, data from 1995 to 2015 available in necropsy files of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAPA) of the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC) were collected and evaluated. In that period, 1,728 cats were necropsied, mainly males (46.12%) and adults (50.11%). The mean ages at death for kittens, adults, and elderly were 5.07 months, 3.9 years, and 13.9 years, respectively. Of the 1,728 necropsy reports assessed, the cause of death was identified in 1,184 (68.52%) cases. The main cause of death was associated with infectious diseases (15.8%), with prevalence of feline infectious peritonitis (29.76%), followed by neoplasms (11.98%) with lymphoma (44.93%) and leukemia (16.91%) as the most common, and traumas (11.81%) mainly caused by motor vehicle accidents. These results show the need for owner awareness, as well as establishment of prophylaxis and vaccination programs, aimed at reducing the number of deaths and thus increasing life expectancy in the feline population.

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Juan-Salles, C., M. Domingo, P. Herraez, A. Fernandez, J. Segales, and J. Fernandez. "Feline infectious peritonitis in servals (Felis serval)." Veterinary Record 143, no. 19 (November 7, 1998): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.19.535.

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Lewis, Catherine S., Emily Porter, David Matthews, Anja Kipar, Séverine Tasker, Christopher R. Helps, and Stuart G. Siddell. "Genotyping coronaviruses associated with feline infectious peritonitis." Journal of General Virology 96, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 1358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000084.

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Hartmann, Katrin, and Susanne Ritz. "Treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 123, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.01.026.

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45

Thiel, Volker, Heinz-Jürgen Thiel, and Gergely Tekes. "Tackling feline infectious peritonitis via reverse genetics." Bioengineered 5, no. 6 (October 30, 2014): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bioe.32133.

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46

Goitsuka, R., T. Ohashi, K. Ono, K. Yasukawa, Y. Koishibara, H. Fukui, Y. Ohsugi, and A. Hasegawa. "IL-6 activity in feline infectious peritonitis." Journal of Immunology 144, no. 7 (April 1, 1990): 2599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.144.7.2599.

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Abstract Involvement of IL-6 in the development of vasculitis and polyclonal gammopathy in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was investigated, by using the proliferative responses of two IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma cell clones, B3B1 and MH60.BSF-2 cells. A significant IL-6 activity was found in sera and ascitic fluids of cats with FIP, whereas no IL-6 activity was detected in sera from healthy cats. In these FIP cats, IL-6 activity in ascitic fluids was significantly higher than that in sera. Peritoneal exudate cells from FIP cats were also found to release a high level of IL-6 to the culture supernatant. The ascitic IL-6 activity was eluted into the fractions corresponding to the m.w. of 30,000 to 40,000 in gel filtration, and into the fractions at the salt concentration from 0.2 to 0.3 M NaCl in anion exchange chromatography. The level of ascitic IL-6 activity was inversely correlated to serum albumin/globulin ratio in these FIP cats. These findings indicate that IL-6 accumulated in the ascites might leaked into the systemic circulation, and be linked to systemic alterations such as enhanced synthesis of Ig and acute phase proteins.

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Gunn‐Moore, Danièlle, and Stephen Cooke. "Cats sought for feline infectious peritonitis study." Veterinary Record 192, no. 4 (February 2023): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.2759.

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Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., Marian C. Horzinek, and Debby J. Reynolds. "Seroepidemiology of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infections Using Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus as Antigen." Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 24, no. 10 (May 13, 2010): 835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1977.tb00976.x.

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Dewerchin, Hannah L., Els Cornelissen, and Hans J. Nauwynck. "Feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected monocytes internalize viral membrane-bound proteins upon antibody addition." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81692-0.

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Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) may cause a highly lethal infection in cats, in spite of a usually strong humoral immune response. Antibodies seem unable to identify infected cells and mediate antibody-dependent cell lysis. In this study, the effect of antibodies on Feline coronavirus (FCoV)-infected monocytes was investigated. Upon addition of FCoV-specific antibodies, surface-expressed viral proteins were internalized through a highly efficient process, resulting in cells without visually detectable viral proteins on their plasma membrane. The internalization was also induced by mAbs against the Spike and Membrane proteins, suggesting that both proteins play a role in the process. The internalization did not occur spontaneously, as it was not observed in cells incubated with medium or non-specific antibodies. Further, the internalization could not be reproduced in feline cell lines, indicating its cell-type specificity. This study sheds new light on the immune-evasive nature of FIPV infections.

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Aleksic-Kovacevic, Sanja, and Darko Marinkovic. "Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in our section material." Veterinarski glasnik 58, no. 1-2 (2004): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0402121a.

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has been diagnozed in our section material in 23 cats, 19 Persian and 4 domestic, of both sexes, aged between 5 months and 8 years. The majority of the infected population were animals under 20 months of age. The macroscopic finding in most cats was of granulomatous character, and large quantities of goldenyellow gelatinous exudate were observed in the stomach cavity of 7 animals, corresponding to the exudative form of FIP. Granulomas were in most cases located in the abdomen wall, liver, spleen, omentum and serous membrane of intestines, and the histological structure was characterized by fibrinoid-necrotic centers with numerous lymphocytes, monocytes, angioblasts and fibroblasts. Immunohistochemically, feline corona virus (FCV) antigens were exprimed in the cytoplasm of macrophages, more rarely in plasma cells in granulomas, and sometimes in necrotized areas.

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