Journal articles: 'Feline diffuse iris melanoma'

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Gent, Georgina. "Feline diffuse iris melanoma." Companion Animal 18, no. 2 (April 2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2013.18.2.46.

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Cullen, Cheryl L., Deborah M. Haines, Marion L. Jackson, and Bruce H. Grahn. "Lack of Detection of Feline Leukemia and Feline Sarcoma Viruses in Diffuse Iris Melanomas of Cats by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 4 (July 2002): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400414.

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Diffuse iris melanoma was confirmed by light-microscopic examination in 10 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded globes from 10 cats. To determine if feline leukemia virus or a replication defective feline leukemia virus, feline sarcoma virus, was present in these anterior uveal melanomas, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for feline leukemia virus were utilized. Immunohistochemical staining for feline leukemia virus glycoprotein 70 was performed on all 10 tumors using an avidin–biotin complex technique. The DNA was extracted from each specimen and a 166-base pair region of the feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat was targeted by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for feline leukemia virus glycoprotein 70 and polymerase chain reaction amplification of a feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat region were negative in all cases. Feline leukemia virus/feline sarcoma virus was not detected in any neoplasms and therefore was unlikely to play a role in the tumorigenesis of these feline diffuse iris melanomas.

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Nam, Taek-Jin, Seon-Mi Kang, Sang-Wan Park, Ji-Yoon Kwak, Eun-Jin Park, Jae-Gook Lim, Seo-Woo Jeong, and Kangmoon Seo. "Feline Diffuse Iris Melanoma in a Cat." Journal of Veterinary Clinics 33, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2016.08.33.4.225.

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Kayes, David, and Benjamin Blacklock. "Feline Uveal Melanoma Review: Our Current Understanding and Recent Research Advances." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020046.

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Melanocytic neoplasia is the most common form of ocular tumour in cats, accounting for 67% of cases in an analysis of 2614 cases of primary ocular neoplasia. Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is by far the most common form of ocular melanocytic neoplasia, with limbal melanomas and atypical melanoma (melanoma affecting the choroid or ciliary body) infrequently recognised. Early lesions begin as flat areas of pigmentation of the iris, known as iris melanosis. This melanosis is a precursor lesion that can become FDIM when pigmented cells infiltrate the anterior iris stroma, commonly alongside a transition in cell morphology. The differentiation between FDIM and benign iris melanosis is only recognisable though histologic examination, with no in vivo means of identifying the malignant transformation. The behaviour of FDIM is variable and difficult to predict. Some FDIM lesions have a more benign progression and can slowly grow or remain static for years without affecting the ocular or systemic health of the individual, whilst other tumours behave aggressively, invading the ocular structures and significantly affecting the life expectancy of cats through metastatic disease. This makes management and timely enucleation of these cases challenging in practice. This article aims to review our current knowledge of FDIM.

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Rushton, Jessica G., Reinhard Ertl, Dieter Klein, Alexander Tichy, and Barbara Nell. "Circulating cell-free DNA does not harbour a diagnostic benefit in cats with feline diffuse iris melanomas." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18762017.

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Objectives Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common malignant primary intraocular tumour in cats, with reported metastases rates between 19% and 63%. Currently, the only available diagnostic tool for a tentative diagnosis is histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. Therefore, the veterinary ophthalmologist is often faced with the dilemma of whether to enucleate an oftentimes visual eye or to continue monitoring, with the risk of metastases developing. In the past, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gained more attention in human medicine, especially in the field of oncology. Prior studies have shown the use of cfDNA as diagnostic or prognostic markers in canine and human cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cfDNA concentration and integrity in cats with FDIMs compared with cats with benign iris naevi and without ocular abnormalities. Methods cfDNA from plasma of cats with iris melanoma (n = 34), iris naevus (n = 30) and without ocular abnormalities (n = 32) were extracted. Primer and probes for feline amyloid beta precursor protein ( APP) and beta actin ( ACTB) were designed for amplicons of various lengths and quantitative PCRs of extracted cfDNA were performed to measure cfDNA concentration and integrity of the plasma samples. Differences of cfDNA concentrations and integrity levels between the three groups (iris melanoma, iris naevi and controls) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results cfDNA concentration and integrity analysis revealed no significant differences between the cats with iris melanoma, iris naevus or the control group ( P >0.01). Cats with metastases showed similar cfDNA concentration and integrity to cats without metastases. Conclusions and relevance cfDNA concentration and integrity seem to be insufficient as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in cats with FDIMs.

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Wiggans, K. Tomo, Christopher M. Reilly, Philip H. Kass, and David J. Maggs. "Histologic and immunohistochemical predictors of clinical behavior for feline diffuse iris melanoma." Veterinary Ophthalmology 19 (January 24, 2016): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12344.

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Rushton, J. G., M. Korb, S. Kummer, U. Reichart, A. Fuchs-Baumgartinger, A. Tichy, and B. Nell. "Protein expression of KIT, BRAF, GNA11, GNAQ and RASSF1 in feline diffuse iris melanomas." Veterinary Journal 249 (July 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.008.

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Nordio, L., V. Stornelli, and C. Giudice. "Expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in feline diffuse iris melanoma: Correlation with histological grade and mitotic index." Journal of Comparative Pathology 166 (January 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.042.

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Demirci, Hakan, Carol L. Shields, Jerry A. Shields, Ralph C. Eagle, and Santosh G. Honavar. "Diffuse iris melanoma." Ophthalmology 109, no. 8 (August 2002): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01104-1.

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Henderson, Evita, and Curtis E. Margo. "Iris Melanoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-268-im.

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AbstractThe iris is the least common site of primary uveal melanoma. The prognosis of iris melanoma is better than that of melanoma of the ciliary body and choroid, but the reason for this difference is unclear. One possible explanation is that iris melanoma is smaller than its posterior segment counterparts at the time of diagnosis. Most iris melanomas are spindle cell types, according to a modified Callender classification system. There is evidence that the proliferation of melanocytes of the anterior iris surface (iris plaque) and diffuse stromal invasion may be risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis, respectively.

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Brown, David, Milton Boniuk, and Ramon L. Font. "Diffuse malignant melanoma of iris with metastases." Survey of Ophthalmology 34, no. 5 (March 1990): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(90)90111-8.

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Greven, Craig M. "Diffuse Iris Melanoma in a Young Patient." Archives of Ophthalmology 115, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150684029.

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DEMIRCI, H. "Unusual presentation of diffuse melanoma of the iris." British Journal of Ophthalmology 84, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1075b—1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.84.9.1075b.

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Goto, Hiroshi, and Naoyuki Yamakawa. "Iris Melanoma in a Patient with Retinitis Pigmentosa." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 7, no. 4 (2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511550.

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This report describes the histopathological findings of an iris melanoma that developed in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of iris tumor. He had a medical history of RP for over 25 years. His best corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 (OD) and 20/200 (OS). Slit lamp examination revealed an iris melanocytoma in his right eye and a brown iris mass involving the pupil in his left eye. Ocular fundus examination of his right eye showed diffuse chorioretinal atrophy with attenuated retinal vessels and scattered pigment. A diagnosis of iris melanoma was made and enucleation of his left eyeball was performed. Histopathological examination of the eyeball showed an iris tumor with proliferation of spindle cells positive for Melan-A, HMB-45, and S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry. Diffuse destruction of retinal architecture was observed, with loss of outer segment and replacement by glial cells. Accumulation of melanin pigment around retinal vessels was found in peripheral retina. These histopathological findings were compatible with advanced stage of RP. This case demonstrates that iris melanoma can occur in eye with RP.

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Naguib, Mina M., Patricia Chévez-Barrios, Silvia Orengo-Nania, and Amy C. Schefler. "Locally Invasive Diffuse Iris Ring Melanoma Presenting as Unilateral Severe Glaucoma: Case Report and Review of Molecular Genetics." Case Reports in Oncology 14, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512012.

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We report the clinical history and histopathological findings in a case of diffuse iris ring melanoma (DIM) and review the most recent literature and modern molecular genetics of this entity. An 85-year-old Hispanic man presented with severe unilateral glaucoma, managed at an outside institution for 2 years prior to presentation. Diffuse pigmentation was noted in the angle, on the intraocular lens implant, and in the vitreous without clear demonstration of a mass on ultrasound biomicroscopy. Workup for metastatic cutaneous melanoma was negative. Histopathological examination of the enucleated eye revealed a mixed cell type iris ring melanoma with diffuse intraocular involvement. Gene expression profiling (GEP) revealed a class 2 molecular signature indicating a very high risk for metastases. Unilateral glaucoma presenting with marked pigmentation in the anterior chamber angle should be managed as melanoma until proven otherwise. Iris ring melanomas are known to have an aggressive clinical course, and recent molecular analyses indicate that they are likely primarily GEP class 2 with a very poor prognosis, similar to the majority of ciliary body melanomas.

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Konstantinidis, Lazaros, Dawn Roberts, R. Douglas Errington, Andrzej Kacperek, and Bertil Damato. "Whole anterior segment proton beam radiotherapy for diffuse iris melanoma." British Journal of Ophthalmology 97, no. 4 (January 7, 2013): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302659.

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Willerding, Gregor D., Dino Cordini, Christoph Hackl, Bettina Karle, Nona Lakotka, Michael H. Foerster, Nikolaos N. Bechrakis, Jens Heufelder, Lutz Moser, and Antonia M. Joussen. "Proton beam radiotherapy of diffuse iris melanoma in 54 patients." British Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 6 (December 10, 2014): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305174.

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Shields, Jerry A., and Carol L. Shields. "Hepatic Metastases of Diffuse Iris Melanoma 17 Years After Enucleation." American Journal of Ophthalmology 106, no. 6 (December 1988): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(88)90720-9.

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Calado, A., T. Silva, C. Santos, A. C. Figueira, J. Prada, and I. Canavarro. "Diffuse Iris Melanoma with Atypical Metastatic Behaviour in a Cat." Journal of Comparative Pathology 150, no. 1 (January 2014): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.157.

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Finger, Paul T., and Tatyana Milman. "Microincision, Aspiration Cutter-Assisted Multifocal Iris Biopsy for Melanoma." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000809.

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Purpose To describe a minimally invasive method to create multifocal full-thickness surgical iridectomy biopsies. Methods Seven patients suspected to have diffuse iris melanoma underwent multifocal surgical iridectomy biopsy through a single 1.0-mm clear corneal incision. A 25-G inked trocar was used to create one visible corneal portal, through which the anterior chamber was filled with sodium hyaluronate 1%. Then, a 25-G aspiration cutter probe was introduced through the corneal incision such that the aspiration portal was occluded by the iris biopsy sites. Then aspiration (600 mm Hg) cutting (300 cuts per minute) was used to create full- and partial-thickness surgical iridectomy biopsies at multiple locations. After each biopsy the probe was removed, and its contents aspirated into a separate 3-mL syringe (marked by clock hour location). The sodium hyaluronate 1% was removed and wound checked for leakage. Results Diagnostic specimens were obtained in all cases. Five were found to be diffuse iris melanomas and 2 were indeterminate iris melanocytic proliferations. No patients developed a secondary increase in intraocular pressure, hyphema, infection, cataract, or vision loss. No cases of intraocular tumor dissemination were observed. No patient complained of glare or monocular diplopia. Three of 7 corneal wounds were self-sealing. Conclusions Multifocal surgical iridectomy biopsy can be minimally invasive and effective allowing for partial- and full-thickness iris biopsy. Use of a 25-G aspiration cutting probe allowed for small incision surgery, rapid rehabilitation, and no significant complications.

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Kusunose, Mami, Yuji Sakino, Yoshihiro Noda, Tsutomu Daa, and Toshiaki Kubota. "A Case of Iris Melanocytoma Demonstrating Diffuse Melanocytic Proliferation with Uncontrolled Intraocular Pressure." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000464349.

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We report a rare case with histologically proven melanocytoma of the iris that demonstrated diffuse melanocytic proliferation with uncontrolled secondary glaucoma and investigate the etiology of the intraocular pressure elevation. The patient was a 78-year-old man with a history of darkened iris of his left eye. The intraocular pressure was 39 mm Hg. A slit-lamp examination showed a diffuse darkened iris, and a gonioscopic examination revealed open angle with circumferential heavy pigmentation. There was no pigment dispersion of the anterior chamber and no pigment deposition of the cornea. We suspected malignant ring melanoma in the left eye and enucleated it. The globe was examined with light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed the presence of heavily pigmented tumor cells in the iris, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm’s canal. A bleached preparation showed large tumor cells with central and paracentral nuclei without mitosis. Electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork revealed melanin-bearing tumor cells invading the intertrabecular spaces, and the melanin granules were not phagocytosed in the trabecular cells. The mechanical obstruction of the aqueous flow by the tumor cells may be a major cause of secondary glaucoma in eyes with iris melanocytoma presenting diffuse proliferation.

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Patnaik, A. K., and S. Mooney. "Feline Melanoma: A Comparative Study of Ocular, Oral, and Dermal Neoplasms." Veterinary Pathology 25, no. 2 (March 1988): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588802500201.

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Melanomas diagnosed in 29 cats over an 11 year period included 19 ocular (16 intraocular, three palpebral), five oral, and five dermal melanomas. Intraocular melanomas involved the ciliary body and iris in 12; the whole eye was involved in four. The average age of cats with intraocular melanomas was 11 years; the female:male ratio was 9:7. Histologically, eight intraocular tumors were mixed, six were epithelioid, and two were spindle cell. Ten of 16 cats (62.5%) with intraocular melanomas were killed because of the tumor at a mean of 156 days; four arc living with no evidence of disease (average, 255 days). The mean time of death in cats with palpebral melanoma was 409 days. Metastasis occurred in 63% of cats with intraocular melanoma and all cats with palpebral melanoma. Four cats with oral melanoma were killed at a mean of 61 days; all had metastasis. Of five cats with cutaneous melanoma, one was killed with metastasis at 90 days; three cats were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastasis >365 days after surgery. Results of this study indicate that in the cat, ocular melanomas are more common than oral and dermal melanomas, and ocular and oral melanomas arc more malignant than dermal melanomas, with higher rates of mortality and metastasis.

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Singh, Arun D., William J. Dupps, Charles V. Biscotti, John H. Suh, Kira L. Lathrop, John P. Nairn, and Helen Shih. "Limbal Stem Cell Preservation During Proton Beam Irradiation for Diffuse Iris Melanoma." Cornea 36, no. 1 (January 2017): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000001063.

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Finger, Paul T., and Wolfgang A. G. Sauerwein. "Limbal Stem Cell Preservation During Proton Beam Irradiation for Diffuse Iris Melanoma." Cornea 37, no. 2 (February 2018): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000001457.

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Rehmani, Areeb, Labishetty Sai Charan, and Tara Rani. "Iris Melanoma: Genetic Pathway, Staging, Histopathology, Clinical Features, Diagnostic Imaging, Treatment and Management." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220707.

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Introduction- Iris melanomas mainly grow in the anterior chamber or along the iris surface, and by local extension; they commonly invade the anterior chamber angle and anterior ciliary body. Iris melanomas account for 2–3% of all uveal melanomas, with the diffuse variety accounting for about 10% of all iris melanomas. Methodology-A systematic review is a technical tool that basically describes a more or less systematic way of collecting and synthesizing past research by integrating findings and perspectives from a variety of empirical findings. In this study, authors conducted a systematic assessment of 51 research articles on the subject of "Iris Melanoma" in order to examine and compare the various approaches and outcomes. This comprehensive review summarizes all 51 research articles in the most accessible manner to discuss the Genetic pathway, Staging, Histopathology, Clinical features, Diagnostic Imaging, Treatment, and Management. Results-Iris melanomas are discovered early and treated fast because they are apparent when they are little. As a result, patients with this tumor had a better prognosis than those with posterior uvea tumors. Conclusion- Radiotherapy or surgical resection are usually used in this situation. A combination of radiotherapy and surgery may be employed in some circumstances. Conservative treatment is an excellent option for enucleation since it provides for effective tumor control locally. Keywords:melanoma, Diagnosis, Management, Stages, Eye-care.

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Leblanc, Alice, Livia Lumbroso-Le Rouic, Laurence Desjardins, Rémi Dendale, and Nathalie Cassoux. "Diffuse Iris Melanoma: Conservative Treatment with Proton Beam Therapy after Limbal Stem Cell Preservation or Enucleation?" Ocular Oncology and Pathology 5, no. 6 (2019): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496847.

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Objectives: Iris melanomas represent 2–3% of uveal melanomas; the diffuse variant accounts for approximately 10% of all iris melanomas. Different treatment modalities for diffuse iris melanomas (DIM) have been proposed depending on the local status as well as the age and general condition of the patient. Methods: This study is a single-centre retrospective case series describing the diagnosis, treatments and outcomes of DIM. Treatment consisted of enucleation or proton beam therapy (PT) of the whole anterior segment. Patients who were treated with PT benefitted from limbal stem cell preservation before irradiation. Results: Between 1996 and 2016, a total of 14 patients with DIM presented to our institution and were included in the database. The global survival was 86%. The median follow-up was 4.6 years (range 4 months to 15 years). Only 1 patient (7%) developed metastatic disease of the DIM (gastric location). No patient developed liver metastasis. Seven patients were treated by enucleation and 7 by PT after limbal stem cell preservation. After a conservative attempt, local tumour recurrence occurred in 2 patients at 2 years, requiring enucleation. The cornea was clear after irradiation in all patients. Cataract (n = 6) and glaucoma (n = 4) were the main complications after irradiation. Conclusions: DIM is a very rare tumour. The global survival is excellent. Conservative treatment with PT is an efficient alternative to enucleation and allows good local tumour control. Cataract and glaucoma are the main radiation-related complications, but the corneal status was excellent due to the stem cell harvest prior to radiotherapy.

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Corrêa, Luis Felipe Dutra, Rafael Oliveira Chaves, Marília Teresa De Oliveira, João Pedro Scusssel Feranti, Bruna Copat, Dakir Nilton Polidoro Neto, and Ney luis Pippi. "Melanoma of the Iris, Ciliary Body and Choroid in a Dog’s Poodle." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84464.

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Background: Melanoma is a primary ocular neoplasm that may affect the iris, ciliary body, the choroid coat and others components of the eye. The ocular melanomas have a low metastatic level in dogs when compared to cats. Old animals are more affected than the young ones and there is no breed predilection. A complete eye examination and ocular ultrasound will lead to the diagnosis that will be further confirmed through histopathology. Current treatment of choice is based on the size and the structures involved by the tumor that can range from local resection to orbital exenteration. The objective of this study is to report a case of iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat of a Poodle, emphasizing its clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment.Case: This study reports a case of an intact male canine Poodle, 15 years old, weighing 5 kg that was referred for care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. The owner initially presented a history of a progressive increase dark-colored intraocular volume in the right eye iris of the dog. On the clinical examination, no abnormality was found. On the ophthalmic examination, the right eye possessed misshapen pupil, hyperemia ocular conjunctiva (+) and diffuse corneal opacity (+) with paracentral pigmentation between 7-10 hour. On biomicroscopic examination, using a slit lamp, it was observed an iris distension that was protruding directly into the anterior chamber and a diffuse opacity of the lens. Intraocular pressure was eight mmHg. B-mode ultrasonography revealed a mass involving the iris, ciliary body and the choroid coat with perilesional retinal detachment, suggesting iris ciliary body and choroid melanoma. Due to the bad prognosis of the affected eye, the patient underwent to orbital exenteration procedure. The extracted eyeball was placed in 10% formalin and sent for histopathological examination, which was later reported as showing an iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat. The patient was re-examined six months postoperatively and no neoplasm recurrence signs were observed.Discussion: The animal stated in this report showed an increased volume of the right eye and dark pigmentation involving the iris. As highlighted by the actual literature, the size of this kind of neoplasm can vary from small to larger nodules and it can causes relevant anatomical changes. The pigmentation in these cases may vary from dark colors (black or brown) to white, for example, the amelanotic melanomas. In this report it was observed a nodular staining quite blackened pigmentation. This kind of cancer involves mainly not neutered male dogs, with breed predilection as the German shepherd dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers and also Poodles, as reported in this case. The treatment suggested by the literature, can range from diode laser therapy to microsurgical resection with enucleation or exenteration, depending on the size of the affected region and structures involved. The treatment of choice in this patient was the orbital exenteration because of the capacity of this tumor to spread throughout the uvea and it was not sure whether scleral infiltration could already exist, although the enucleation could also be indicated. However, through the histopathological examination, it could be confirmed that the neoplasm was located only at iris, involving also the ciliary body and choroid coat without sclera leakage, so there would be no need for exenteration. The average age of the patients is around nine years old according to published reports, namely older animals as the patient here described. The orbital exenteration technique, with good safety margin resection, proved to be efficient for the surgical treatment of iris melanoma involving the ciliary body and the choroid coat.Keywords: ophthalmology, neoplasm, uvea.

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Kalishman, Chappell, Flood, and Dubielzig. "A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma." Veterinary Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (September 1998): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-5224.1998.00006.x.

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Sharma, Abhimanyu, Dilip K. Mishra, and Swathi Kaliki. "Optic nerve invasion of non-juxtapapillary uveal melanoma: a rare occurrence." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 6 (June 2020): e234610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-234610.

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A 44-year-old man presented with complaints of pain and discomfort in his left eye (OS). On examination, he had bare perception of light in OS and had a diffuse pigmented mass lesion in the nasal quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva, associated with neovascularisation of the iris and iridocyclitis, with no fundus view. Intraocular pressure OS was 40 mm Hg. B-scan ultrasonography OS revealed an intraocular mass with thickened sclerochoroidal complex. A clinical diagnosis of OS ciliochoroidal melanoma with extraocular extension was made. He underwent OS extended enucleation with implant. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ciliochoroidal melanoma with tumour extension into the optic nerve posteriorly and the extrascleral tissues anteriorly. There was no evidence of systemic metastasis. Even in a case of non-juxtapapillary uveal melanoma, poor vision and high intraocular pressure are clinical indicators of optic nerve tumour invasion.

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Wilcock, B. P., R. L. Peoffer, and M. G. Davidson. "The Causes of Glaucoma in Cats." Veterinary Pathology 27, no. 1 (January 1990): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589002700105.

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The cause of glaucoma in 131 enucleated eyes from 128 cats was determined in a retrospective histologic study. Obliteration of the ciliary cleft by diffuse iridal melanoma (38 eyes), or other neoplasms (14 eyes), or by the presence of idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic anterior uveitis (53 eyes) were the most frequent lesions likely to explain the development of glaucoma. Secondary changes of inner retinal atrophy, optic disc cupping, scleral thinning with megaglobus, and atrophy of ciliary processes were similar to those described in dogs and human beings with chronic glaucoma. In light of the duration and severity of the glaucoma, the degree of inner retinal atrophy was often less than expected. Diffuse corneal edema and breaks in Descemet's membrane, changes typical of glaucoma in other species, were rarely detected. Eyes with chronic uveitis and glaucoma had collapsed ciliary clefts, iridoscleral adhesions, and posterior displacement of the iris. We were unable to determine whether these changes were consequences of the uveitis and thus responsible for the development of glaucoma, or if they were merely the result of the chronic glaucoma itself.

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Gray, Michael E., Zélia M. Corrêa, James J. Augsburger, and William Barrett. "Ciliary body melanoma with limited nodular extrascleral extension and diffuse iris-angle infiltration treated by whole anterior segment plaque radiotherapy." International Ophthalmology 27, no. 4 (April 28, 2007): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-007-9077-2.

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Yu, Michael D., Babak Masoomian, Jerry A. Shields, and Carol L. Shields. "BAP1 Germline Mutation Associated with Bilateral Primary Uveal Melanoma." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 6, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499570.

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Purpose: To describe the occurrence of bilateral primary uveal melanoma in 2 patients with mutation on the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1). Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with bilateral primary uveal melanoma and subsequent positive germline BAP1 mutation. Results: There were 2 patients with bilateral uveal melanoma and BAP1 germline positivity. Neither patient demonstrated oculodermal melanocytosis. Patient 1 underwent enucleation of his right eye (OD) at the age of 44 years for a 9.6-mm-thick choroidal melanoma. He returned 4 years later with a 10.0-mm-thick choroidal melanoma in his left eye (OS) and was treated with plaque radiotherapy. He had a strong family history of cancer, and clinical testing for germline BAP1 mutation identified a pathogenic mutation in BAP1. At the 18-month follow-up, visual acuity was 20/200 OS without evidence of systemic metastasis. Patient 2 initially presented at age 54 years with extensive, diffuse iris melanoma OD, initially treated with plaque radiotherapy, but local recurrence after 3 years necessitated enucleation. Four years later, a 6.0-mm-thick ciliary body melanoma OS was found and successfully treated with plaque radiotherapy. Clinical testing for germline BAP1 mutation identified a pathogenic mutation in BAP1. At the 8-year follow-up, visual acuity was 20/40 OS without evidence of local recurrence or systemic metastasis. The patient expired secondary to an unrelated brain infarction. Conclusion: Bilateral uveal melanoma is exceedingly rare. Patients with bilateral uveal melanoma, especially when coincident with remote systemic cancers or a family history of cancer, should be evaluated for germline BAP1 mutation. Lifelong monitoring for related systemic malignancies is advised.

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Batis, Vasilios, James Shuttleworth, Garry Shuttleworth, and Gwyn Samuel Williams. "Diagnostic dilemma of ocular lymphoma." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 6 (June 2019): e229513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229513.

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We report a very unusual presentation of primary intraocular lymphoma masquerading as anterior uveitis with atypical symptoms. A 68-year-old man, initially presented with a 4-day history of painless, left blurred vision. Examination revealed 2 or more anterior chamber cells, mutton-fat keratic precipitates and posterior synechiae. Treatment was initiated, the eye settled, and the patient was discharged. He re-presented 7 months later with hypopyon, a hazy cornea, fibrin deposits and a narrowed anterior chamber angle. Over the coming weeks, it became apparent that the temporal iris was thickened, involving the angle, and his intraocular pressure increased despite topical dorzolamide. Following advice from a tertiary centre and referral to a regional ocular oncology centre, a transscleral biopsy was performed and suggested a ciliary body melanoma. Enucleation was advised and performed, with histological examination revealing features consistent with an ocular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not involving the optic nerve, sclera or cornea. This is the first ever published report of a case of ocular lymphoma masquerading in this way.

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Gupta, Smriti Nagpal, Ruchi Goel, Ravindra Kumar Saran, and Neha Rathie. "Unusual Tumours Hidden in Blind Eyes." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.30629.

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Introduction: This case report describes 3 cases of unsuspected neoplasms in previously blind eyes, with recent onset pain. Cases and observations: Case 1: Female with pain, redness in the non-seeing right eye (R/E) for two months. R/E had total cataract, low intraocular pressure and a well-defined globular mass lesion at the posterior pole, seen on ultrasound. Enucleation with an implant was done. Histopathology clinched the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Case 2: A 20-year male, developed pain, redness in left eye (L/E) for two months. L/E was blind since childhood, secondary to trauma. The patient underwent enucleation and detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry supported a diagnosis of ependymoma with vascular malformation. Case 3: A 24-year male with pain, redness in L/E for six months, with decrease in size of eyeball. L/E had low vision since childhood. On examination, L/E was phthisical with diffuse conjunctival congestion, band-shaped keratopathy, cataract, and neovascularization of iris. Imaging revealed a small distorted globe with highly reflective mass along the posterior pole. Histopathology of the enucleated specimen confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal osteoma, with gliosis of the adjacent RPE. Conclusion: In the management of a painful blind eye, it is extremely important to rule out an intraocular malignancy, particularly in patients with recent onset of pain.

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Augsburger, James J., Cassandra C. Brooks, and Zelia M. Correa. "Isolated choroidal melanocytosis: clinical update on 37 cases." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 258, no. 12 (September 9, 2020): 2819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04919-x.

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Abstract Purpose Isolated choroidal melanocytosis is a congenital melanocytic hyperpigmentation involving the choroid that is not associated with iridic or scleral features of ocular melanocytosis. The purpose of this work was to describe the clinical features and course of a relatively large series of patients with this disorder. Methods A retrospective clinical study of 37 patients with isolated choroidal melanocytosis encountered in a single practice 1986–2018 was done. All lesions were 5 mm or larger in the largest basal diameter, homogeneously melanotic, and completely flat by conventional ocular ultrasonography. Results The 37 patients ranged in age from 2 weeks to 87 years (mean 31.5 years, median 18 years) at initial diagnosis of the melanotic choroidal lesion. Arc length largest basal diameter of the melanotic choroidal lesion ranged from 5.5 to 37 mm (mean 14.6 mm, median 13 mm). The lesion extended beneath the fovea in 18 eyes and to the optic disc margin in 6 eyes. Ten of the lesions straddled the ocular equator, but the center point of all of the lesions was posterior to the equator. The retina was fully attached and appeared normal over the melanotic choroidal lesion in each of these eyes. None of the melanotic choroidal lesions exhibited clumps of orange pigment or drusen on its surface. The lesion was unilateral and unifocal in 36 of the 37 patients. One patient had bilateral choroidal melanocytosis that was isolated in one eye but associated with partial iris melanocytosis in the fellow eye. Three adult patients had a choroidal melanoma localized to the patch of choroidal melanocytosis at baseline. One other adult patient had a choroidal melanoma in the fellow eye at baseline. One pediatric patient had viable unilateral non-familial retinoblastoma in the fellow eye and two adult patients had a classic choroidal nevus in the fellow eye. None of the flat patches of choroidal melanocytosis that were monitored periodically after initial diagnosis expanded appreciably during follow-up ranging from 4.9 months to 15.2 years (mean 5.0 years, median 2.3 years). Conclusions Isolated choroidal melanocytosis is a distinct clinical entity that must be distinguished from broad-based choroidal nevus, choroidal melanocytoma, small choroidal malignant melanoma, acquired bilateral patchy-streaky choroidal melanocytic fundopathy associated with disorders such as cutaneous vitiligo and Waardenburg syndrome, acquired bilateral zonal choroidal melanocytic fundopathy, and diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation associated with systemic cancer. This disorder appears to predispose affected eyes to development of choroidal melanoma arising from the hypermelanotic patch.

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"Predictors of clinical behavior for feline diffuse iris melanoma." Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery 31, no. 1 (January 2018): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2018.01.006.

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Pigoli, Claudio, Lucia Rita Gibelli, Mario Caniatti, Luca Moretti, Giuseppe Sironi, and Chiara Giudice. "Bleaching melanin in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded melanoma specimens using visible light: a pilot study." European Journal of Histochemistry 63, no. 4 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2019.3071.

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In fluorescence microscopy, light radiation can be used to bleach fluorescent molecules in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, in order to increase the ratio between signal of interest and background autofluorescence. We tested if the same principle can be exploited in bright field microscopy to bleach pigmented melanoma FFPE sections together with cell morphology maintenance. After dewaxing and rehydration, serial FFPE sections of a feline diffuse iris melanoma, a canine dermal melanoma, a gray horse dermal melanoma and a swine cutaneous melanoma were irradiated with visible light for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, prior to Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Complete bleaching was obtained after 1-day treatment in feline and swine melanomas, while 2 and 3 days were required in canine and equine neoplasms, respectively. In all treated samples, cell morphology was maintained. Photo-induced bleaching combined with immunohistochemistry was tested after a 3-day photo-treatment using five different markers. According to the literature, in all samples neoplastic cells stained positive for vimentin, S100 and PNL2, while negative for FVIII and pancytokeratin. In conclusion, visible light can be effectively exploited to bleach pigmented melanoma FFPE sections prior to perform routine histochemical and immunohistochemical stains.

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"Diffuse iris melanoma: proton beam irradiation." Acta Ophthalmologica 95 (September 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02654.

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Azarcon, Corrina P., Jill R. Wells, Thomas Aaberg, and Hans E. Grossniklaus. "Intraocular Lens and Lens Capsule Spread of Iridociliary Melanoma: Clinical and Histopathologic Features of 2 Cases." Ocular Oncology and Pathology, March 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000524052.

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Purpose: To describe two patients with intraocular lens (IOL) and lens capsule spread of iridociliary melanoma. Methods: Two pseudophakic patients with iridociliary body melanoma that spread onto the surface of their IOL and remaining lens capsule were included. Their eyes were enucleated and the histopathologic features were evaluated. Results: Case 1 was an 82-year-old woman with diffuse primary iridociliary melanoma affecting the iris, lens capsule, IOL surface, and ciliary body. Case 2 was a 68-year-old female who developed melanoma recurrence in the anterior segment after plaque brachytherapy for iridociliary melanoma. The melanoma in both cases grew as a pigmented membrane onto the surface of the IOL. Conclusions: Intraocular lens and lens capsule spread of iridociliary melanoma can occur primarily or develop secondarily after plaque brachytherapy of a pseudophakic eye. Since the extent of the melanoma may be uncertain and there is a high likelihood of glaucoma, enucleation is a reasonable option.

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Finger, Paul T., Ankit Singh Tomar, and Kimberly J. Chin. "Palladium-103 plaque therapy for multifocal iris melanoma: Radiation of the entire anterior segment of the eye." European Journal of Ophthalmology, April 20, 2020, 112067212091423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672120914235.

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Purpose: To investigate the safety and tolerability of total anterior segment palladium-103 (103Pd) eye plaque brachytherapy for multifocal iris melanoma. Methods: Interventional case series of 11 patients with multifocal iris melanomas. Anterior segment ultrasound revealed tumor size, location, and intraocular margins. Epicorneal amniotic membrane grafts protected the cornea and decreased pain during total anterior segment 103-Pd ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy. Results: Eleven diffuse iris melanomas were American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition–classified as T1 (n = 5, 45.5%) and T2 (n = 6, 54.5%). Plaque radiation was completed to a minimum mean tumor dose of 85 Gy (mean dose rate, 58.1 cGy/h). Ultrasonographic tumor thickness regression was 41% (follow up mean 58.7, median 50, range: 8–139 months). Despite 100% local control and 100% eye retention, one patient (9.1%) developed metastatic disease. Four eyes required cataract surgery. There was no corneal stem-cell deficiency, corneal opacity, radiation maculopathy, or optic neuropathy. While visual acuity prior to treatment was 20/40 or better in 10 (91%), 9 were 20/40 or better (81.9%) at last follow-up. Four (36%) had glaucoma prior to treatment and three eyes developed glaucoma after treatment for a total of 63%. Conclusion: Total anterior segment (103Pd) plaque brachytherapy resulted in local control, good visual acuity, eye and life preservation in the treatment of multifocal iris melanoma.

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Inamori, Osamu, Hideki Fukuoka, Michiko Nagamine, Chie Sotozono, and Eiichi Konishi. "Mesectodermal Leiomyoma of the Ciliary Body: A Unique Variant of Leiomyoma with Myogenic and Neurogenic Histological Features." International Journal of Surgical Pathology, August 23, 2021, 106689692110386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10668969211038694.

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Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body is a rare benign tumor, showing both neurogenic and myogenic characteristics. This tumor typically shows predilection for women of reproductive age. Because it is almost impossible to clinically distinguish this tumor from malignant melanoma, unnecessary eye enucleations have been unfortunately performed. Herein, we report a case of mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body in a young Japanese woman. She was referred to our hospital due to a slow-growing mass in her left iris. A malignant tumor could not be clinically ruled out and surgery with intraoperative pathology consultation was performed. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis was a benign tumor with neurogenic features, and a simple excision of the tumor was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of diffuse growth of spindle cells with fibrillary indistinctive cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination showed diffuse positive staining of α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, calponin, and CD56. Scattered tumor cells were weakly positive for desmin. Neither melanocytic markers nor neural markers except for CD56 were positive. We diagnosed this tumor as mesectodermal leiomyoma. Mesectodermal leiomyoma is rare and often misdiagnosed as malignant melanoma. To avoid overtreatment, a correct preoperative diagnosis is essential.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Feline diffuse iris melanoma'

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