Journal articles: 'Feldspar materials'

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Pavlunenko, L. E. "Feldspar materials in ukraine." Glass and Ceramics 67, no. 7-8 (November 18, 2010): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-010-9266-8.

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Stempkowska, Agata. "Characteristics of Thermal Parameters and Some Physical Properties of Mineral Eutectic Type: Petalite–Alkali Feldspars." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237321.

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The aim of the research was to check whether the system of three fluxes based on lithium aluminium silicate and alkali feldspars has a eutectic point, i.e., with the lowest melting temperature. Lithium was introduced into the mixtures in the form of petalite, which occurs naturally in nature (Bikita Zimbabwe deposit). Using naturally occurring raw materials such as petalite, sodium feldspar, and potassium feldspar, an attempt was made to obtain eutectics with the lowest melting point to facilitate thermal processing of the mineral materials. In addition, the high-temperature viscosity of the mineral alloys and physical parameters such as density, linear shrinkage, and open porosity were studied. The study showed that in these systems, there is one three-component eutectic at 1345 °C, with the lowest viscosity of 1·105 Pas and the highest density of 2.34g/cm3, with a weight content of petalite 20%, sodium feldspar 20%, and potassium feldspar 20%.

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Zahradník, Jan, Jakub Jirásek, Jaromír Starý, and Martin Sivek. "Production, Reserves, and Processing of Feldspar and Feldspathoid Rocks in the Czech Republic from 2005 to 2019—An Overview." Minerals 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080722.

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This paper aims to characterize and interpret the trends in reserves, resources, and mine production of feldspar and feldspathoid rocks during 2005–2019 in the Czech Republic. With over 101 Mt of total resources and 22 Mt of reserves, feldspar belongs to the crucial industrial minerals of the Czech Republic. With annual outputs of approximately 400–450 kt of feldspars and 20–35 kt of feldspathoid rocks (nepheline syenite), the Czech Republic ranks among the top European and world feldspar producers. Most of the production comes from leucocratic granitoid rocks (key active deposit: Krásno-Vysoký Kámen), followed by sedimentary rocks (key active deposit: Halámky), and granitic pegmatites (key active deposit: Luženičky). Nepheline syenite is mined at a single deposit. All deposits are extracted from open pits (quarries). Ongoing geological prospecting and exploration for new deposits are increasing available reserves and resources. The feldspar raw materials are used in the domestic glass and ceramic industries, while more than 50% is exported, generally to Poland and Germany.

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Jones, Rhian H. "Ternary feldspars: two-feldspar assemblages at P(H2O) = 5 kbar." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 371 (June 1989): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.371.10.

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AbstractIn a study of the liquidus surface in the silica-undersaturated part of the system Q-An-Ne-Ks at P(H2O) = 5 kbar, several two-feldspar plus liquid assemblages were obtained. The compositions of the feldspars were determined by electron microprobe analysis. The products of short runs (one or two days) consisted of fine intergrowths of two feldspars which may have crystallized during the heating period, or in the early stages of the run. Runs of four days were of sufficient length to coarsen these intergrowths such that individual euhedral crystals could be observed. However, analyses of the feldspar crystals from the longer runs showed a greater amount of ternary solid solution than expected. This may be attributed to the persistence of a small quantity of the second feldspar intergrown in the crystals. The slope of the tie-line joining one of the inferred pairs has been shown to be reproducible for gel and crystalline starting materials, hence the slopes of the tie-lines are believed to represent their equilibrium slopes.

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SPIERS, G. A., M. J. DUDAS, and L. W. TURCHENEK. "THE CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL PARENT MATERIALS IN NORTHEAST ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-074.

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Seven major parent materials from the Athabasca oil sands area were investigated for detailed mineralogy and chemistry. The clay mineral species identified and quantified were mica, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite and vermiculite. The fine (50–250 μm) sand mineralogical suite was dominated by quartz, with lesser amounts of Na-, K-, and Ca-feldspars, and minor amounts of individual heavy mineral species. Electronoptical examination indicated that the feldspar grains in the parent materials have undergone extensive preglacial weathering. Regional mean levels of all analyzed elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn, P, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn), with the exception of Ca, are related to textural variability. The variability of Ca levels within the study area is related to the occurrence of calcareous parent materials. The highest levels of all major, minor, and trace elements were associated with either the Legend unit derived largely from Cretaceous bedrock or with the modern sediments of the Athabasca delta. Key words: Soil parent materials, clay mineralogy, trace element levels, sand mineralogy, feldspar morphology

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Thanh Tam, Nguyen, Nguyen Hoai Phuong Duy, Tran Thi Phuong Thuy, Võ Thi Thanh Tien, and Tran Cong Khanh. "Synthesis of adsorbent materials from FELDSPAR for removal of ammonium in water." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i1.1002.

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In this study, adsorbent materials from natural feldspar were fabricated for application in +NH4 removal. Raw, pretreated by HCl 3M, and modified feldspar by NaOH and aluminum (Al powder, Al(OH)3, and AlCl3.6H2O) were used. Feldspar was modified under different experimental conditions including without calcination and calcinated at 500ºC and 700ºC. The influence of various operating parameters consisting of material size, adsorption time, +NH4 initial concentration and material dosage were investigated. Adsorbent materials < 0.1 mm in size showed the highest adsorption efficiency. Subsequently materials with size of < 0.1 mm were used for the following studies to investigate the affect of other parameters on +NH4 adsorption process. The highest removal efficiency (31.10%) and removal capacity (21.80 mg/g) were obtained by modified feldspar by NaOH and AlCl3.6H2O with calcination at 700ºC at +NH4 initial concentration of 5 ppm. Results from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the differences on surfaces of adsorption materials. Modified feldspar had a clean surface and more tiny pores compared to those of raw and pretreated feldspar resulting in an increased surface area. Consequently +NH4 adsorbent efficiency and removal capacity were increased. By BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) the specific surface areas of adsorbent materials were analyzed and the surface areas of raw, pretreated and modified feldspar were 0.484 m2/g, 0.988 m2/g and 2.024 m2/g, respectively. +NH4 adsorbent mechanisms of all raw, pretreated, and modified feldspar materials were found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.989 which described the monolayer type of the adsorption.

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Abiola, Oluranti Adetunji, Adekola Olayinka Oke, Babatunde Victor Omidiji, and Dare Aderibigbe Adetan. "The Effect of Beneficiation on Some Properties of Osun State Ceramic Raw Materials." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2019.3.3.62.

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Clay, feldspar and silica sand are important industrial minerals which often need treatment commonly known as beneficiation to improve the quality of ceramic tiles produced from these materials. The different minerals, after sorting, were treated separately in distilled water, alcohol and hydrochloric acid before being crushed in a ball mill; they were then characterized using a pelletron accelerator. The results show an increased silicon content for clay, silica sand and feldspar; and reduced aluminum content for clay and silica sand but not for feldspar. Iron impurity and its oxide are also shown to reduce by over 50% in all the minerals while potassium was found to be the dominant element in feldspar among the defining elements. In conclusion, the increased quartz in the mineral will improve the hardness, density, porosity, and rigidity of ceramic tiles as well as providing support and controlling shrinkage. Furthermore, increasing the mineral quotient in feldspar will enhance its fluxing potential.

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Cho, Jin Woo, Ju Hyung Lee, Eun Kyeong Choi, and Sung Wook Kim. "Mechanical Behavior of Stabilizing Materials Using Silicate Mineral Powder." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.15.

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This study aims to develop eco-friendly materials that can reduce the high unit weight of carbonate cement, as typical ground improvement material, and the release of harmful substances. Silicate binder, which is an inorganic matter based on a silicate mineral, includes kaolin, illite and metakaolin. A silicate mineral is made into silicate binder through continuous weathering. Most clay minerals belong to this silicate binder. This study conducted a preliminary study on the strength properties of feldspar powder with high activity. A specimen was made using various silicate material sources such as feldspar, metakaolin, silica fume, illite, dolomite and silica stone. This study analyzed the uniaxial compressive strength according to the type and particle size of silicate binder. The analysis result showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of a specimen using feldspar powder as silicate binder was highest. In particular, the compressive strength of a specimen where silicate powder was added as binder was higher compared to normal cement. This means that feldspar powder with high activity can be utilized as an eco-friendly resource that can replace cement.

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ABIOLA, OLURANTI, ADEKOLA OKE, BABATUNDE OMIDIJI, and DARE ADETAN. "THE EFFECT OF RAW MATERIALS ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OSUN STATE CERAMIC TILES." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 27, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v27i1.246.

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The study evaluates the effect of ceramic raw materials on the physical properties of ceramic tiles with a view to determine the tiles with the best material blend. Ten different blends of clay – feldspar – silica was used to produce ceramic samples. The results show that sample with 60 % clay, 30 % feldspar and 10% silica have the best water absorption (10.43%) and apparent porosity (22.77 %); while sample with 60 % clay, 20 % feldspar and 20 % silica exhibits the highest apparent relative density of 2.79. Sample with 50 % clay, 40 % feldspar and 10 % silica possesses the best bulk density of 1.43 g/cm3. Conclusively, the ceramic sample produced can be useful in the production of wall tiles.

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Buzunova, Tatiana A., and Varvara N. Shigaeva. "Assessing the possibility of using dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites at the Kedrovoe feldspar deposit." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 7 (November 11, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-45-54.

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Introduction. Feldspar raw material is a natural source of silica, alumina, and alkali metal oxides. Each type of feldspar is distinguished by its applications and concentration methods. The main effective method of feldspar raw material concentration is flotation in the course of which the majority of harmful impurities are separated. However, this method is rather costly due to flotation reagents purchase, tailings ponds organization and maintenance, etc. Research relevance. Feldspar dry concertation technologies are promising in terms of resource-saving but uncommon. So, the development of a dry concertation technology for feldspar raw materials seems highly relevant. Research objective is to study the possibility of employing dry concentration technology to process feldspar raw materials at the new Kedrovoe deposit Methods of research. Laboratory equipment of JSC Uralmekhanobr was used for the research, namely centrifugal crusher DC-0.5; centrifugal deflection mill; laboratory-scale cascade classifier; dry electromagnetic separator SMS-20M ITOMAK, and tribo electrostatic separator. Results. The trials confirmed that it is possible to process Kedrovoe feldspar raw materials by dry methods and effectively use centrifugal crushing and grinding as preparation of raw materials for concentration. Feldspar concentrate with a mass fraction of Fe2O3 – 0.30%; SiO2 – 69.42%; Al2O3 – 17.36%; K2O + Na2O – 11.84% has been obtained, which meets the specifications. Conclusions. The technological studies confirmed the possibility in principle of using feldspar raw material dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites of the Kedrovoe deposit at the processing plant of Malyshevskoe Ore Management JSC. Saleable feldspar concentrate has been obtained.

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Volokitin, Oleg G., Gennadii G. Volokitin, and Valentin V. Shekhovtsov. "Physicochemical Processes at Plasma Treatment of Quartz-Feldspar Raw Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.474.

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The paper considers the processes of plasma chemical synthesis of silicate melts produced from quartz-feldspar raw materials with a view to obtain new construction materials having the advanced functional performance. Results are presented which illustrate physicochemical research findings (X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy) related to quartz-feldspar raw materials and a melts produced there from.

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Vrbický, Tomáš, and Richard Přikryl. "Recovery of Some Critical Raw Materials from Processing Waste of Feldspar Ore Related to Hydrothermally Altered Granite: Laboratory-Scale Beneficiation." Minerals 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050455.

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Feldspar for ceramic/glass industries requires sufficiently low content of harmful colourants (Fe-, Ti-, Mn-bearing mineral phases). Hydrothermally altered albite-rich granites are increasingly used as feldspar raw material nowadays; however, they are often marked by increased content of colourants, which must be removed during the processing of feldspar ore. Parallel to the content of colourants, these phases show enrichment in some critical raw materials (CRMs), specifically of Nb, Ta, and Li. In the current study, the laboratory trials focused on the possibility of reprocessing of waste generated during basic magnetic separation of feldspar ore. Major aim of these trials was to search for a processing scheme that would allow for obtaining of mineralogically homogeneous fractions, part of which could be utilised as a source of CRMs. According to the results, combination of gravity, magnetic and heavy liquid separation is highly effective in obtaining of desirable concentrates. Feldspar ore processing waste thus presents potential source of CRMs; however, semi-industrial and full-scale trial must follow in order to prove the economic and environmental suitability of the suggested processing scheme.

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Reitze, Maximilian P., Iris Weber, Herbert Kroll, Andreas Morlok, Harald Hiesinger, and Jörn Helbert. "Mid-infrared spectroscopy of alkali feldspar samples for space application." Mineralogy and Petrology 114, no. 5 (July 30, 2020): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00709-9.

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Abstract Feldspars are major components of terrestrial planetary surfaces. For future space application and the setup of a comprehensive reference database, Na- and K-rich alkali feldspars, NaAlSi3O8 – KAlSi3O8, have been investigated by infrared reflectance spectroscopy. We related the feldspar spectra to the chemical composition and state of Al,Si order/disorder. The infrared measurements were analyzed with respect to band shifts and peak shapes using the autocorrelation function. Natural samples served as starting materials. Some samples were treated by the alkali exchange method to produce pure end-members, which were then heated to generate various states of Al,Si disorder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods served to determine the Al,Si distribution. Our autocorrelation allowed to differentiate between the compositional and the order/disorder influences seen in the spectra in the wavelength range between 7 μm up to 14 μm (1429 cm− 1 to 714 cm− 1). Space missions often analyze the surfaces of planetary bodies using remote sensing. Therefore, our results are essential to characterize and distinguish alkali feldspars on the surfaces of terrestrial planetary bodies like Mercury.

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Baur, Werner H., Werner Joswig, and Gerd Müller. "Mechanics of the Feldspar Framework; Crystal Structure of Li-Feldspar." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 121, no. 1 (January 1996): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1996.0003.

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Kim, Ree Ho, Hana Kim, Jung Hun Lee, and Sang Ho Lee. "Development of Novel Filter Materials for the Treatment of First-Flush Rainwater." Materials Science Forum 695 (July 2011): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.695.219.

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First-flush rainwater is of great interest in the research on urban environmental protection and rainwater harvesting. It deteriorates the chemical, physical, and microbiological quality of the collected/stored water as well as the water body in an urban area. Accordingly, effective and economic treatment of first-flush rainwater is highly required. This study aimed to develop a technology for the treatment of first-flush rainwater using new filters made of wood fiber mat, dental cotton, and feldspar. The removal of pollutants in first-flush rainwater with each filter material was evaluated. Experiments were carried out using an artificial rainwater solution made of road dust particles (less than 200 um small) and D.I. water that contained ionic species. The SS concentration of the solution was set between 30 and 150 mg/L. Prior to the experiments, the fiber materials were pretreated with NaOH, FeCl3, and Al2O3. The batch test results indicated that the phosphate removal efficiency of the wood fiber mat was 8.6%; of the dental cotton, 34.7%; and of the feldspar, 1.7%. On the other hand, the heavy metal removal efficiency of the wood fiber mat was 91%; of the dental cotton, 26%; and of the feldspar, 0%. The highest cation exchange capacity of the wood fiber mat that was pretreated with NaOH was attributed to the existence of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups in the wooden polymers. Combinations of filter materials were found to have been effective in removing particles in the rainwater. The combination of the wood fiber mat with polyethylene beads resulted in 97-98% particle removal. Other combinations such as DP (dental cotton and polyethylene beads), MF (wood fiber mat and feldspar), and DF (dental cotton and feldspar) showed particle removal rates of 90-95%, 84-96%, and 87-94%, respectively. After 30 minutes, all the combinations had a particle removal rate of over 90%.

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Kim, Ji Sun, Yongho Kim, Jong Young Lee, and Jung-Geun Han. "Mechanical Properties of Eco-Friendly and Energy-Saving Mortar with Porous Feldspar." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3987.

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ABSTRACTPorous feldspar is a silicate mineral that is made up of more than 80% of SiO2 and Al2O3 as components. It has a large specific surface area than sand. It has an excellent reactivity with cement as a pozzolanic component. A normal mortar as a construction material is composed of 75% of sand and 25% of cement. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a cause of environmental pollution. It is often made when making cement contained in mortar. Therefore, it is necessary to study alternative materials that can reduce the amount of cement used. This study was conducted using feldspar as a fine aggregate instead of sand. First, feldspar was standardized through physical testing. Compressive strength tests were then carried out to compare feldspar mortar and sand-based mortar. Hydration products of mortars were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result of these tests revealed that when feldspar was used, the compressive strength tended to be high. In this study, Case 3 consisting of feldspar 80% and cement 20% with reduced use of cement was found to be the most suitable one. Secondly, to confirm the appropriateness of using feldspar mortars as a floor material, thermal conductivity and thermal efficiency experiments were conducted using mortars with ingredients that differed from a normal mortar. Results of these experiments revealed that feldspar mortar was more effective as an insulating material than a normal mortar because it had lower thermal conductivity and longer heat retention time than a normal mortar. Therefore, the use of feldspar mortar could have an energy reduction effect compared to a normal mortar as a flooring material in an ondol (under-heating) type floor-heating system in Korea.

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Cavallo, Alessandro, and Giovanna Antonella Dino. "Extractive Waste as a Resource: Quartz, Feldspars, and Rare Earth Elements from Gneiss Quarries of the Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province (Piedmont, Northern Italy)." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084536.

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The growing demand for raw materials requires the optimization of extractive processes and innovative approaches, such as the recovery of quarrying and processing waste. Waste materials from gneiss (ranging from blocks up to residual sludge) used as dimension stone (Beola and Serizzo from Piedmont, northern Italy) were characterized for chemistry, mineralogy, and petrography: quartz and feldspars (plagioclase and K-feldspar) are the most abundant minerals, followed by micas (biotite and minor muscovite) and traces of chlorite and epidote (allanite). Quartz and feldspars could be reused in the industrial minerals sector, especially in the ceramics industry; depending on the purity requirements of the raw materials, some mica separation treatments may be required. The most critical issues relate to the small grain size and the relative abundance of mica in some commercial varieties. The presence of allanite opens new possibilities for the recovery of rare earth elements (REE, critical raw materials).

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Han, Jung-Geun, Jin-Woo Cho, Sung-Wook Kim, Yun-Suk Park, and Jong-Young Lee. "Characteristics of CO2 and Energy-Saving Concrete with Porous Feldspar." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184204.

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In this study, to reduce the use of cement and sand, porous feldspar with excellent economic efficiency was used as a substitute in the heat storage concrete layer. When porous feldspar and four other silicate minerals were used as substitute materials for sand in cement mortar, the specimen with the porous feldspar exhibited approximately 16–63% higher compressive strength, thereby exhibiting a higher reactivity with cement compared to the other minerals. To compensate for the reduction in strength owing to the decreased cement content, mechanical and chemical activation methods were employed. When the specific surface area of porous feldspar was increased, the unit weight was reduced by approximately 30% and the compressive strength was increased by up to 90%. In addition, the results of the thermal diffusion test confirmed that thermal diffusion increased owing to a reduction in the unit weight; the heat storage characteristics improved owing to the better porosity of feldspar. When chemical activation was performed after reducing the cement content by 5% and replacing the sand with porous feldspar, the compressive strength was found to be approximately twice that of an ordinary cement mortar. In a large-scale model experiment, the heat storage layer containing the porous feldspar exhibited better heat conduction and heat storage characteristics than the heat storage layer composed of ordinary cement mortar. Additionally, energy savings of 57% were observed.

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Pandya, Arun, S. G. Vaijapurkar, and P. K. Bhatnagar. "Radiation dosimetry by potassium feldspar." Bulletin of Materials Science 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706559.

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de Sousa Porto, Valdênia, Maria do Socorro L. Cavalcanti, Tatiana Borba Cruz, Crislene R. da Silva Morais, and Lisiane N. de Lima Santana. "Use of Waste Flat Glass in the Formulation of Masses for White Porcelain in Partial Replacement of Feldspar." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1514.

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In the production of white ceramic, the feldspar is used as flux that provides the manufacturing of products more dense and with low porosity. Although this is a raw material of great importance for white ceramic, the feldspar is a natural resource, therefore, non-renewable and your uncontrolled extraction can cause environmental problems. In this perspective, several scientific research is being carried out looking for alternatives to replace this product by other substances. The use of waste glass in partial replacement of feldspar in the production of ceramic body is extensively researched, because these materials present flux properties and reduces environmental impacts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the possibility of partial replacement of feldspar by waste flat glass in the formulation of the masses for white porcelain. For the research, feldspar and waste glass were characterized by the following techniques: chemical analysis, DTA, TG and infrared for possible comparison of the properties of these materials. The results demonstrated the possibility of utilization of waste flat glass in the formulation of ceramic bodies, since they have similar characteristics.

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Elakhame, Z. U., Y. L. Shuaib-Babata, and I. O. Ambali. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CERAMIC TILES USING WASTES AND SOLID MINERALS." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol16iss1pp53-62.

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This paper focuses on the need for domesticating the production of building materials like tiles to address the problem of Nigeria over dependence on imported goods, despite adequate availability of mineral resources like clay, quartz and feldspar in the country. Clay, quartz and feldspar, and milled glass were respectively obtained from Ogijo in Ogun State, Okpila in Edo State and Oshodi, Lagos State of Nigeria were characterized using ASTM C71 as a guide. Samples of the ceramic tile were produced from varying mixtures of clay, quartz, feldspar and milled glass. The chemical and physio mechanical properties of the samples were also determined. The results showed that the clay sample belong to Alumino-silicate group with 59.20% silica and 21.25% alumina. The samples’ properties met the required standards; hence, the materials were found suitable for production of ceramic tiles of acceptable standards. Though, the porosity of the sample tiles increased as thepercentage weight of the clay material in the mixture decreased the proportion of quartz, feldspar and milled glass increased. The sample containing 70% Clay and 30% Feldspar had better formulation properties than others.

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Satish, B. M., and B. M. Girish. "Evaluation of Wear Behavior of Feldspar Particles Reinforced Copper Alloy Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.797.

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The wear behavior of unreinforced as well as feldspar particles reinforced copper alloy (phosphor-bronze) composites was studied as a function of sliding speed and applied loads under unlubricated conditions. The content of feldspar particles in the composites was varied from 1- 5% by weight in steps of 2%. A pin-on-disc wear tester was used to evaluate the wear rate. Loads of 20-160 N in steps of 20 N and speeds of 1.25, 1.56, and 1.87 m/s were employed. The results indicated that the wear rate of both the composites and the alloy increased with increase in load and sliding speed. However, the composites exhibited lower wear rate than the alloy. It was found that above a critical applied load, there exists a transition from mild to severe wear both in the unreinforced alloy and in the composites. But the transition loads for the composites were much higher than that of the alloy. The transition loads increase with the increase in weight % of feldspar particles, but decreases with the increase in sliding speeds.

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Kabir Adebayo Sanusi, Yakubu Yahaya, Murtala Maidamma Ambrusa, Aminu Koko Rabiu, and Moshood Hamzat. "Preparation and characterization of Theobroma cacao pod-modified feldspar composite for possible metal adsorption in wastewater management." Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2021.1.1.0015.

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In this study modified feldspar composite (MFC) was prepared from the combination of Theobroma cacao pod (TCP) and feldspar (FS) using calcination method. The Theobroma cacao pod-feldspar sample was first Na-modified by treatment using 0.1M NaOH solution before calcination in the muffle furnace at 3000C to complete the process of composite preparation. The Theobroma cacao pods (TCP), feldspar (FS) and modified feldspar composite (MFC) were characterized using XRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett and Teller ( BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the cation exchange capacity of the modified feldspar composite (30.66 ± 0.21 meq/100 g) was 5 times higher than that of raw feldspar (6.42 ± 0.45 meq/100g). More so, the novel biohybrid material, MFC has a surface area of 53.60 ± 0.3 m2/g and particle size of 105.4 ± 0.18. The XRD patterns revealed that after the modification process, there is only slight shift in the position of some diffraction peaks of feldspar and the composite material indicating the retention of the crystalline properties of the feldspar in the novel composite (MFC). FTIR results showed that some functional groups present in the two starting materials were also available on the surface of the composite (MFC) indicating that the intercalation of TCP biomass into feldspar surface was successful. Owing to its improved cation exchange capacity and eco-friendliness, the modified feldspar composite (MFC) has a good potential application as adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment besides other industrial explorations.

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Awad, Hamdy A., Ibrahim Abu El-Leil, Aleksey V. Nastavkin, Abdellah Tolba, Mostafa Kamel, Refaey M. El-Wardany, Abdalla Rabie, et al. "Statistical analysis on the radiological assessment and geochemical studies of granite rocks in the north of Um Taghir area, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0131.

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Abstract Granite rocks are currently one of the foremost raw materials that can be used for various economic purposes such as ornamentation and building materials, because they do not possess radioactive concentrations and have good physical and mechanical properties. The granite rocks of north Um Taghir are connected to neoproterozoic rocks and integrated to the north Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), which lies in Northeast Africa. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis, concurrent to some statistical analysis, have been carried for major oxides and some trace elements to extract much fundamental information by following certain mathematical methods. The exposed granite rock units in north Um Taghir are classified into four rock units represented by tonalite, granodiorite, monzogranite, and alkali-feldspar granite which are cut by different types of dikes. The magma of tonalite and granodiorite is low-to-medium K calc-alkaline affinity, while the magma of monzogranite and alkali-feldspar granite is medium-to-high K calc-alkaline affinity, and of metaluminous to peraluminous nature. Granite rocks show a slightly depletion of fractionated patterns from light rare earth elements (LREEs) to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) with slightly positive to negative Eu anomalies from tonalite to monzogranite and alkali-feldspar granites. The statistical criteria have been achieved to explore the significant differences of radiological hazard parameters among samples. It is obvious that there is no homogeneity among samples; furthermore, in Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, it can be noticed that there are significant differences between each pair of samples: tonalite, monzogranite; tonalite, alkali-feldspar granite; granodiorite, monzogranite; and granodiorite, alkali-feldspar granite. There is a strong direct relationship among granodiorite and both tonalite and alkali-feldspar granite, and among alkali-feldspar granite and tonalite and granodiorite. There is a strong inverse relationship among monzogranite and tonalite, granodiorite, and alkali-feldspar granite. As stated by all results, it can be mentioned that the granite rocks have a worthy result of mechanical and physical properties. So that they can be used for various economic purposes.

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Juhari, Amir Syaifuddin, Syifa' Muhamad Sharifuddin, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabli, Julie Juliewatty Mohamed, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, Mohd Fadzil Ain, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman. "Influence of Feldspar Addition on the Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xsr69g.

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The colossal dielectric permittivity of calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12, CCTO) provides a vast potential in miniaturizing electronic devices but become limited due to high dielectric loss. Hence, feldspar was introduced to reduce the dielectric loss and fill in the air gap of CCTO during the sintering process. The CCTO powder was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The study focused on characterizing pure and feldspar added CCTO properties on phase formation and dielectric properties. The raw materials were weighed, followed by stoichiometric ratios for pure CCTO. While the addition of feldspar was added using a weight percentage ratio of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%. The mixed powders were ball mixed for 24 hours using dry mixing. The mixed powder was calcined at 900°C for 12 hours and then pressed into a pellet with 6 mm diameter, then sintered at 1040°C for 10 hours. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) machine and impedance analyzer were utilized to observe the phase formation and dielectric properties of the samples prepared. A single phase of CCTO was obtained after the sintering process except for pure CCTO and 1wt% of feldspar addition, and it still has remaining CuO in the ceramic. Even though feldspar can reduce the dielectric loss of the CCTO from 0.6 (pure CCTO) to 0.4 (10 wt%) at 1 MHz, it also hard to maintain the high dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of 1wt% of feldspar addition was recorded the highest value, up to 4000 at 1 MHz, while the lowest dielectric constant owned by 10wt% of feldspar addition, ~700 at 1 MHz.

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Gazaleeva, Galina, Tatiana Buzunova, and Varvara Shigaeva. "Developing the technology of feldspar raw materials pre-flotation conditioning at the Kedrovoe deposit." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 8 (December 21, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-8-52-61.

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Introduction. When developing the technology of fieldspar raw material processing, it is essential to select efficient modes of grinding and desliming. Research aim is to develop the technology of feldspar raw materials pre-flotation conditioning at the Kedrovoe deposit as applied to the technology of JSC Malyshevskoye rudoupravlenie. Methodology. Feldspar grinding kinetics in a ball mill was determined, and useful minerals disclosure degree was determined using AXIO Imager A1m optical microscope. The optimal size of sludge in ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 8, 2020 61 hydrocycloning has also been identified. The object of research was a representative sample of pegmatites from the Kedrovoe deposit. Results. The research results showed that the optimal grinding time is 30 minutes, the content of the +0.16 mm size class is no more than 20–22%, and the optimal class for disliming with minimal losses of feldspar is minus 40 microns. The best results for product classification were obtained at a pressure at the inlet of the hydrocyclone of 1.2 bar, a sand packing diameter of 7 mm. The solids content in the feed was 24.15%, the content of particles with a size of minus 40 microns in the drain was 96.19%. Conclusions. Investigation of feldspar raw materials grinding and desliming at the Kedrovoe deposit made it possible to obtain dependencies for the effective control of the sludge content of minus 40 microns in the hydrocyclone discharge by changing the solids content in the feed and to identify effective grinding modes.

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Wang, J. N., and M. Toriumi. "Harper-Dorn creep in feldspar." Materials Science and Engineering: A 187, no. 1 (October 1994): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90335-2.

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Wang, Fa Hui, and Ying Liu. "Effect of Composition on the Tribological Behaviors of Ceramic-Matrix Friction Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.645.

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The steel fiber reinforced ceramic matrix friction material is prepared by nitrogen protection sintering method. The specimens of the three different friction materials containing different content of alumina, clay and potash feldspar are formulated. The friction and wear characteristics are determined by using the XD-MSM constant speed friction tester. The testing results show that the increase of potash feldspar and the decrease of clay content make friction coefficient become more stable and diminish the sensitivity of friction coefficient to the temperature changes. This study also identify that among the three friction materials investigated, the main wear mechanism converts from grain pull-out and fracture wear to adhesion wear and abrasive wear.

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MATHUR, RAVI, and ADITI SONI. "STUDY ON THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (NANO-PARTICLES) OF MINING MINERALS ON WHITENESS OF TRIAXIAL BODY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010180.

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White wares produced worldwide represent the foundation of much of the ceramic industry; Porcelain bodies fabricated from triaxial mixtures of clay, quartz and feldspar with different size and amounts of nano particles were investigated. Although the purity of raw materials has a strong effect on the colour of the fired bodies, the particle size of raw materials also effect the whiteness The raw material mining minerals china Clay, Feldspar, quarts were prepared of various sized nano particles contains 10.60 -20.22%, 56.84- 70.80 % and 34.87-50.76 % of 100nm respectively. The fired bodies of raw mining minerals and triaxial bodies were subjected to colour measurement. The differences in whiteness were compared and discussed. The studies so far carried out is upto 400 mesh size while the present study has included up to 100nm particle size. A statistical correlation between whiteness of feldspar and triaxial body was also carried out. The correlation between china clay and triaxial body are 0.53, 0.57 and 0.66 for china clay similarly correlation for feldspar is 0.49, 0.73 and 0.83 for triaxial body it are 0.97, 0.84 and 0.75 for A1, A2 and A3 samples. Correlation between china clay and feldspar with triaxial body are 0.79 and 0.92 respectively.

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Waldschmidt, M. H. "A FUSION STUDY OF THE HIGH FELDSPAR AREA IN THE FELDSPAR-KAOLIN-QUARTZ SYSTEM*." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 16, no. 1-12 (October 17, 2006): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1933.tb19216.x.

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Rusbintardjo, Gatot, Lisa Fitriyana, Nur Izzi M. Yusoff, and Arafat Suleiman Yero. "Increase the Strenght of Base and Subbase of Flexible Pavement by adding Fledspar as additive material." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.2.2.59-64.

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The strength and durability of the flexible pavement is highly dependent on the quality of the aggregate material used for base and subbase layers. This is can be understand since 95 percent of the weight-volume of the base and subbase layer is aggregate. Therefore using a good quality and strong base and subbase material is very important. In this paper, which is a report of a reseacrh, Feldspar is used as stabilizer of base and subbase materlias of flexible pavement. Feldspar is a group rock-ftant forming tectosilicate minerals that made up about 41% of the earth’s continental crust by weight. 5 to 25% of Feldspar with increment of 5% by weight of the base and also subbase were added. Direct Shear and California Baring Ratio (CBR) test were conducted., beside water content and dry density test. The results of direct shear test show that cohesion of base and subbase materials decrease from 0,164 kg/cm2 of original base and subbase materials become 0,01 kg/cm2 for base and subbase material after adding with 25% of Feldspar, and angle of inernal friction increase from 47,670 become 49,800. Meanwhile the results of CBR test show that CBR value of base increase from 30% to 86,40%, as well as for subbase increase from 21,50% to 87,30% after adding with 15% of Feldspar. It can be concluded that adding aggregate of base and subbase with Feldspar the strenght improve signicantly, and the influence is the strengthening of the base and subbase layers.

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Zhang, Yi, Chi Qu, Jianqing Wu, Ming Lu, Pinggen Rao, and Xiaoxi Liu. "Synthesis of leucite from potash feldspar." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 23, no. 4 (August 2008): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-007-4452-4.

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Türk, Tülay, Zeynep Üçerler, Fırat Burat, Gülay Bulut, and Murat Olgaç Kangal. "Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar by Roasting with CaCl2 Obtained from the Acidic Leaching of Wollastonite-Calcite Ore." Minerals 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121369.

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Potassium, which is included in certain contents in the structure of K-feldspar minerals, has a very important function in the growth of plants. Turkey hosts the largest feldspar reserves in the world and is by far the leader in feldspar mining. The production of potassium salts from local natural sources can provide great contributions both socially and economically in the agriculture industry along with glass production, cleaning materials, paint, bleaching powders, and general laboratory purposes. In this study, potassium extraction from K-feldspar ore with an 8.42% K2O content was studied using chloridizing (CaCl2) roasting followed by water leaching. Initially, to produce wollastonite and calcite concentrates, froth flotation tests were conducted on wollastonite-calcite ore after comminution. Thus, wollastonite and calcite concentrates with purities of 99.4% and 91.96% were successfully produced. Then, a calcite concentrate was combined with hydrochloric acid (HCl) under optimal conditions of a 1 mol/L HCl acid concentration, a 60 °C leaching temperature, and a 10 min leaching time to produce CaCl2. To bring out the importance of roasting before the dissolution process, different parameters such as roasting temperature, duration, and feldspar—CaCl2 ratios were tested. Under optimal conditions (a 900 °C roasting temperature, a 60 min duration, and a 1:1.5 feldspar—CaCl2 ratio), 98.6% of the potassium was successfully extracted by the water leaching process described in this article.

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Locks, Mateus, Sabrina Arcaro, Carlos P. Bergmann, Manuel J. P. M. J. Ribeiro, Fabiano Raupp-Pereira, and Oscar R. K. Montedo. "Effect of Feldspar Substitution by Basalt on Pyroplastic Behaviour of Porcelain Tile Composition." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 3990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143990.

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This work aims to evaluate the effects of feldspar substitution by basalt on porcelain tile composition with respect to its porosity, flexural strength, and pyroplastic deformation. Three ceramic formulations with different amounts of feldspar substituted with basalt, 50% (C1), 75% (C2), and 100% (C3), were evaluated at three different temperatures, 1200, 1220, and 1240 °C. Specifically, the effect of replacing feldspar with basalt on the pyroplastic deformation of ceramic bodies was analysed using optical fleximetry. The porosity of C1 at 1200 °C was 19.3 ± 2.9%, while that of composition C3 was 22.2 ± 0.7% at 1240 °C. The flexural strength was strongly influenced by the temperature. For C1 at 1200 and 1240 °C, flexural strengths of 11.1 ± 0.6 and 22.2 ± 1.9 MPa, respectively, were obtained. Regarding fleximetry, thermal deformation decreased with an increase in the amount of feldspar substituted with basalt. It was observed that C2 and C3 deformed less at high temperatures than the other combinations of compositions and temperature, probably owing to the lower amount of residual glass phase present during cooling. Compositions with higher substitution amounts of basalt (i.e., C2 and C3) exhibited more stable thermal behaviour than C0.

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Mandavia, H. C., K. V. R. Murthy, R. U. Purohit, P. K. Patel, and B. M. Sharma. "Thermoluminescence Study of Base Materials of Ceramic Tiles." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 13, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj69.

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Many flooring materials most of them are in natural form are used to manufacture floor tiles for household flooring purpose. The peoples demand for variety of flooring material Leeds to develop various types of ceramic tiles. In India ceramic industry is fast growing one, more then 400 units of manufacturing ceramic tiles, vitrified tiles and sanitary ware, situated around Morbi, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Many natural minerals are used as the raw materials required for the manufacturing ceramic ware. The following minerals are used to manufacturing the ceramic tiles i.e. Quartz, Feldspar, Zircon, Talc, Grog, Alumina oxide, etc. Most of the minerals are from Indian mines of Gujarat and Rajasthan states, some of are imported from Russian sub continent. The present paper reports the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of Feldspar, Alumina and Quartz minerals collected from the ceramic tiles manufacturing unit, Morbi. The as received minerals Natural TL was recorded (NTL), and annealed and quenched from 400 °C and 800 °C followed by 15Gy beta dose given from Sr-90 beta source TL was recorded and the comparative TL (Thermoluminescence) study of above materials are presented. The characterization of the minerals is done using TGA and XRD studies.

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Pee, Jae Hwan, Geun Hee Kim, You Dam Choi, Doo Sub Jung, and Gyung In Kang. "Effect of Flux Materials on the Melting Characteristics of Ash Glaze." Key Engineering Materials 608 (April 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.608.21.

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Our objective was to make transparent glaze using oak ash which has a high content of CaO and contains P2O5. However, the melting point of oak ash is above 1340°C, making it difficult to make transparent glaze using only oak ash. In order to lower the melting point of oak ash, flux materials were mixed to oak ash and melting characterization was carried out. Feldspar, which is largely composed of Na2O and K2O andlimestone largely composed of CaO were used as the flux materials. The materials were added 10, 20 and 30wt%, respectively, in order to produce the glaze. Depending on the type and amount of flux materials added, the samples were fired at temperatures between 1280~1320°C in the reducing atmosphere. As the amount of feldspar added was increased, the melting point decreased substantially. Samples with limestone added did not melt completely even at temperatures 1300°C and wollastonite phase was observed in the glaze layer.

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An, Wen-bo, Laigui Wang, and He Chen. "Mechanical Properties of Weathered Feldspar Sandstone after Experiencing Dry-Wet Cycles." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6268945.

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Weathering is one of the important geological hazards to many stone cultural relics carved on feldspar sandstone (such as the Datong Yungang Grottoes). To study the mechanical properties of the weathered Yungang Grottoes, feldspar sandstone was subjected to comparative dry-wet cycle tests with water-rock interaction (Group A) and salt-rock interaction (Group B). The variation patterns of the macroscopic physical and mechanical parameters as well as the micro/mesoscopic structures of the two groups of feldspar sandstone with the number of dry-wet cycles were measured. The results showed that for the Group A and Group B sandstones, as the number of dry-wet cycles increased the saturated water absorption and the longitudinal wave velocity increased, with the maximum variation rates reaching 28.02%, 36.98%, 16.20%, and 33.27%. The peak strength and elastic modulus gradually decreased, with the maximum variation rate reaching 48.53%, 73.44%, 26.61%, and 72.39%. The surface height deviation increased by as much as 1.06 μm and 3.34 μm. The mechanism of weathering for the water-rock interaction included three effects, namely, the hydrolysis of the K-Na feldspar, the water swelling of the clay minerals such as kaolinite, and the dissolution of the soluble minerals. The mechanism of weathering for the salt-rock interaction included salt crystallization in the pores or fissures and chemical reactions between the minerals (such as feldspar and calcite) and sulfate, in addition to the above three effects. Therefore, the crystallization stress of the salt exerted the most notable effect on the deterioration of the feldspar sandstone. The results are expected to provide a reference for the stability evaluation and protection of the rock mass of the Grottoes.

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Isnugroho, K., D. C. Birawidha, and M. Amin. "The Potentials of Improving Mineral Source Additional Values in Lampung Province – A Preliminary Study." Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v1i1.2.

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An initial research on non-metal mineral potential was conducted for stones inLampung Province. Surveys were conducted to some districts/towns in Lampung to takesample materials. Non-metal mineral chemical composition content analysis of stoneswas conducted with X-RF method. Lampung had mineral potentials of feldspar, zeolite,kaolin, and basalt of 400,500,000 m3; 18,945,000 m3; 9,750,000 m3; 419,071,833 m3respectively. These mineral source potentials were distributed in eight districts inLampung. Processing was required to improve additional values for these mineralsources, including crushing, grinding, classifying, and concentration process.Concentration improvements were required for feldspar and kaolin minerals. Wet highintensity magnetic separator process followed by froth flotation process becamesolutions to reduce high oxide iron content. Feldspar and kaolin could be used for suchindustries of ceramic, glass, paper, and refractory. Meanwhile, the zeolite mineral fromLampung could be used for agriculture, plantation, and fishery. Basalt stone wouldhave additional values when this was processed into cast basalt, fiber, and ceramiccomposite.Keywords: feldspar, kaolin, basalt, zeolite, Lampung

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Martz, Joseph A. "POTASH-SODA-LIME FELDSPAR EUTECTIC STUDY*." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 16, no. 1-12 (October 17, 2006): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1933.tb19233.x.

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Sipahutar, Dosni Tahi. "The Effect of Mount Sinabung Volcanic Dust Mixture on The Strength of Construction Ceramics." Jurnal Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam LLDikti Wilayah 1 (JUMPA) 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54076/jumpa.v1i1.32.

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It has been made of construction ceramics using the volcanic dust of Mount Sinabung combined with kaolin, clay, feldspar and water as a mixture. with the composition of kaolin, feldspar, clay, volcanic dust of Mount Sinabung. Sample making is done starting with the sifting stage of 100 mesh materials and mixing materials up to homogeneous 15 minutes, printing with a 5 ton emphasis with a temperature combustion of 1100oc and in hold for 2 hours. With the characteristics of construction ceramics has been tested that is shrinkage mass 6.99-13.53%; porosity 4.84-10.46%; strong press 2.5-14.6 Mpa; hardness 84.7-169.6 kgf/mm2.

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Scheidl, K. S., A. K. Schaeffer, E. Petrishcheva, G. Habler, F. D. Fischer, J. Schreuer, and R. Abart. "Chemically induced fracturing in alkali feldspar." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 41, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-013-0617-1.

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Il'ina, V. P. "Feldspar Material from Karelia for Electrical Engineering." Glass and Ceramics 61, no. 5/6 (May 2004): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:glac.0000043092.46042.20.

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Stoikova, T. V., and G. N. Maslennikova. "Bulgarian quartz-feldspar sands for porcelain production." Glass and Ceramics 51, no. 7-8 (July 1994): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00680663.

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Ngayakamo, B., and S. E. Park. "Evaluation of Tanzania local ceramic raw materials for high voltage porcelain insulators production." Cerâmica 64, no. 372 (December 2018): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643722427.

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Abstract This study evaluated the potential of locally sourced-ceramic raw materials in Tanzania, Pugu kaolin, Same clay, vermiculite and feldspar, for production of high voltage porcelain insulators. The chemical, mineral phases and microstructural characterization of raw materials and porcelain samples were carried out using the X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The mineral phases of the fired porcelain sample identified were mullite and quartz. The porcelain bodies were fabricated using the dry pressing method by varying the composition of the selected ceramic raw materials. The physical-mechanical properties and dielectric strength were measured for each porcelain sample. The sample with the composition of 20% Pugu kaolin, 20% Same clay, 20% vermiculite and 40% feldspar was found to have the dielectric strength of 50.8 kV.mm-1, bending strength of 20 MPa and water absorption of 0.46%, which satisfies the main requisite properties for high voltage porcelain insulators.

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Zainal@Zulkifli, Norshaheeda Mohd, and Agus Geter Edy Sutjipto. "Study on the Development of Ceramic Ball Based on Selendang Clay." Materials Science Forum 1056 (March 14, 2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o78wu3.

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An inert ceramic ball was prepared by using three kind of raw materials i.e. Selendang clay, silica sand, feldspar and distilled water. Selendang clay, silica sand, feldspar and distilled water were pre-mixed manually and compounded using a beaker. Universal testing machine (UTM) was used to test mechanical strength. Electron scanning microscope (SEM-EDX) was used for the study morphological feature and element mapping in the ceramic balls. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the phase of crystalline material. The optimum sintering temperature was 1300 °C23 and got the strength of 238.8 kgf.

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Liu, Guang Liang, Jian Guang Bai, and Jian Feng Yang. "Fabrication of Clay Foam Ceramics Using Silicon Carbide and Ferric Oxide as Foaming Agents." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.777.

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In this paper a foam ceramic was prepared from clay, silicon carbide, ferric oxide, feldspar and other raw materials. The content of ferric oxide and the powder size of silicon carbide influenced the sinter behavior of the foam ceramics. The ferric oxide and feldspar are favorable to form of glass phase in the ceramics. The foam ceramics with the rate of moisture absorption is less than 0.05%, the bulk density is 0.3~0.9g/cm3, and compressive strength is over than 2MPa.

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Kuna Raj, John. "Rock-Soil Transition In Weathering Of A Porphyritic Biotite Granite." Warta Geologi 48, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/wg481202201.

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Concentric layers of weathered materials around core-stones show the porphyritic biotite granite to experience sequential, but gradational, changes in visible features, textures and mineralogy as it transforms from ‘rock’ into ‘soil’. The changes start with the opening-up of grain boundaries and micro-cracks (stage 1) followed by their dark brown staining (stage 2) and the subsequent alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of groundmass plagioclase feldspar grains (stage 3). Biotite flakes are then bleached and altered (to chlorite and clay minerals) (stage 4) before there starts alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of groundmass alkali feldspar grains (stage 5) and finally alteration (to sericite and clay minerals) of the alkali feldspar phenocrysts (stage 6). Quartz grains are not altered during these stages of weathering, but disaggregate and reduce in size due to continual opening-up of grain boundaries and micro-cracks. Increasing stages of weathering are marked by decreasing dry unit weights, dry densities and uniaxial compressive strengths, but increasing apparent porosities. The transition between ‘rock’ and ‘soil’ occurs during stage 6 when all plagioclase, and most alkali feldspar, groundmass grains have been altered as are some alkali feldspar phenocrysts. Stage 6 is marked by large apparent porosities (>18%) but low values of dry unit weight (<20.81 kN/m3), dry density (<2,122 kg/m3) and uniaxial compressive strength (<1.8 MPa).

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Wang, Di, Jinshan Lu, Junxiong Zhan, Zhiyong Liu, and Bin Xie. "Recent Advances in the Reutilization of Granite Waste in Various Fields." Journal of Material Science and Technology Research 8 (November 30, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.5.

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Quarrying and processing of granite produce large amounts of waste residues. Besides being a loss of resources, improper disposal of these wastes results in pollution of the soil, water and air around the dumpsites. The main components of granite waste are quartz, feldspars and a small amount of biotite. Due to its hard and dense texture, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, granite waste may be recycled into building materials, composite materials and fine ceramics, effectively improving their mechanical properties and durability. By using the flotation process, high value-added products such as potash feldspar and albite may be retrieved from granite waste. Also, granite waste has the potential for application in soil remediation and sewage treatment. This review presents recent advances in granite waste reutilization, and points out the problems associated with its use, and the related countermeasures, indicating the scale of high value-added reutilization of granite waste.

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Kitouni, S., and A. Harabi. "Sintering and mechanical properties of porcelains prepared from algerian raw materials." Cerâmica 57, no. 344 (December 2011): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132011000400013.

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Porcelain is a type of ceramics highly valued for its beauty and strength. The overall goal of this work is to utilize local raw materials within the following fractions: 37 wt.% kaolin, 35 wt.% feldspar and 28 wt.% quartz. This composition has been selected on the basis of the ternary phase diagrams (kaolin-feldspar-quartz). The densification behaviour indicated that specimens sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5 °C/min, have a bulk density of about 2.50 g/cm³. This value is slightly higher than that reported for the conventional porcelain products (2.45 g/cm³). Porcelain specimens with and without calcination sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h have tensile strength values of about 45 and 73 MPa, respectively (equivalent flexural strength values of about 122 and 197 MPa, respectively). The flexural strength values of both specimens are much higher than those reported for conventional porcelains (ranged between 60 and 80 MPa). Furthermore, the value of micro-hardness of the fired samples without calcination at 1200 °C is 9.3 ± 0.2 GPa which is higher than the commercial porcelain products (5.5 GPa).

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Sanusi, Kabir A., Yakubu Yahaya, Murtala M. Ambrusa, Yakubu Yahaya, and Abdulazeez M. Hammed. "OPTIMIZATION OF ADSORPTION OF Pb (II) AND Cr (VI) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING MODIFIED FELDSPAR COMPOSITE: ISOTHERM AND KINETIC STUDIES." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 5, no. 4 (July 14, 2021): 18–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v5.i4.2021.200.

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Abstract:

In this study modified feldspar composite (MFC) adsorbent based on feldspar and Theobroma cacao podas (TCP) was prepared, characterized and utilized for adsorption of Pb (II) and Cr (VI) in aqueous solution. The results showed that the cation exchange capacity of the modified feldspar composite (30.66 ± 0.21 meq/100 g) was 5 times higher than that of raw feldspar (6.42 ± 0.45 meq/100g). More so, the novel biohybrid material, MFC has a surface area of 53.60 ± 0.3 m2/g and particle size of 105.4 ± 0.18. X-ray diffraction peaks revealed that after the modification process, there is only slight shift in the position of some diffraction peaks of feldspar and the composite material suggestive of the retention of the crystalline properties of the feldspar in the novel composite (MFC). Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that some functional groups present in the two starting materials were also available on the surface of the composite (MFC) indicating that the intercalation of TCP biomass into feldspar surface was successful. Response surface methodology (RSM) via a five-levels central composite design (CCD) was applied for optimization of metal adsorption onto the adsorbent in 32 experiment runs considering the effect of pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration and contact time. Optimization results showed that the predicted and experimental values of Pb (14.021, 14.148 mg/g) and Cr (3.428, 3.504 mg/g) were close at the optimum condition of (pH 2, 5, 6; 0.5 g; 100 mg/L; 60-120 min and 3000K). Results of ANOVA analysis revealed the adequacy of the model with the good correlation between R2 values (0.9916-0.9998) and adjusted R2 (0.9919-0.9986) and F value of (≥ 147). Results showed that Pb (II) ions adsorption onto the adsorbents was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model while the Cr (VI) ions uptake onto FS and MFC adsorbents followed Freundlich isotherm model. The results of the kinetic studies showed that rate of Pb (II) removal followed pseudo second order model while the rate of adsorption of Cr (VI) onto the FS and MFC adsorbents best fitted pseudo first order model. Owing to its improved cation exchange capacity and eco-friendliness, the modified feldspar composite have a good potential application in wastewater treatment besides other industrial explorations.

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