Journal articles: 'Feeling of relative deprivation'

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Kliuchnyk, Ruslan, and Olha Oleynik. "Relative deprivation and political protest." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-42-47.

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The article reveals political protest as one of the major factors of political system development in society. In particular, possibilities of methodological synthesis, deprivation theory in terms of political protest development are considered. Deprivation phenomenon's psychological nature is stressed. Distinc-tions between relative deprivation and absolute one are considered. The authors prove the deprivation's influence on mobilization of protest movements providing examples. The relative deprivation's classifica¬tion including progressive, aspirational and decremental deprivation is used. The relative deprivation theory refers to the ideas that frustration and feelings of discontent de¬pend on purposes of a person or a group of people. Relative deprivation feelings emerge when important tagets of people tunr out to be unreal or blocked by political elites or society. As the central concept in the explanation of protest movements relative deprivation is often considered as well as the central concept in when explaining protest movements also it is used to describe and give understanding to the factors that trigger social movements. Protest activity appears from relative deprivation collective feelings. Absolute deprivation is a key factor of protest movements in poor countries, unlike relative deprivation.

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Poczta-Wajda, Agnieszka. "Feeling of Relative Deprivation as a Driver for Higher Agricultural Subsidies." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2015.15.4.64.

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Because people tend to compare themselves with others from their own surroundings, even a person rich in absolute terms can feel poor in relative terms, if people from their reference group are richer. This phenomenon is called relative deprivation. Farmers in developed economies claim to be poor, because they compare themselves not with farmers from poor economies, but rather with other members of their own society who work outside of agriculture and whose incomes are usually higher. Feeling relatively deprived, farmers in developed economies demand stronger financial support and act intensively to convince policymakers to support them. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between relative deprivation of farmers and support for farmers in countries with different development levels. Results of this study prove that levels of support for farmers are positively related with the average level of relative deprivation of farmers dependent on the size of farmer groups. Hence the idea of relative deprivation might provide additional political explanation of different levels of support for farmers in countries with different development levels.

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Korotayev, Andrey V., and Alisa R. Shishkina. "Relative Deprivation as a Factor of Sociopolitical Destabilization: Toward a Quantitative Comparative Analysis of the Arab Spring Events." Cross-Cultural Research 54, no. 2-3 (November 5, 2019): 296–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069397119882364.

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The article analyzes relative deprivation as a possible factor of sociopolitical instability during the Arab Spring events using the methods of correlation and multiple regression analysis. In this case, relative deprivation is operationalized in two ways: (a) through the indicator of subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of the Arab Spring, and (b) through the scale of decrease of the subjective feeling of happiness on the eve of the events of Arab Spring. It is shown that the change in the level of subjective feeling of happiness between 2009 and 2010 is a powerful, statistically significant predictor of the level of destabilization in Arab countries in 2011. The next most powerful predictor is the mean value of the subjective feeling of happiness in the corresponding country for 2010. At the same time, the fundamental economic indicators we tested, while controlling for them, have turned out to be extremely weak and at the same time statistically insignificant predictors of the level of sociopolitical instability in the Arab countries in 2011.

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Jiang, Changbing, Jiaming Xu, Shufang Li, Yulian Fei, and Yao Wu. "Profit Allocation Problem and Algorithm of Network Freight Platform under Carbon Trading Background." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215031.

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With the gradual popularization of carbon trading, individual carbon emission behavior will come with carbon costs, which will have a significant impact on the network freight platform carrier drivers. Therefore, in order to improve the stability within the network freight platform, this paper considers the fairness of benefit distribution among network freight carriers and aims to offset the impact of carbon cost to a greater extent by reducing the relative deprivation of the network freight platform carrier group, so as to finally realize the benign operation of network freight. This paper introduces a number of indicators such as contribution value, expectation realization degree, and relative deprivation feeling, and establishes a dynamic benefit distribution optimization model oriented by relative deprivation feeling. Based on the basic characteristics of the problem, the ant colony labor division model is extended, and the corresponding algorithm is designed to solve the problem. By introducing the contribution value, contribution rate and expected return to reset the stimulus value of the environment and the response threshold of agent, the relative deprivation sense is used to quantify the degree of unfair benefit distribution, which is used as a benchmark to dynamically coordinate the benefit distribution of the carrier group and optimize the benefit distribution scheme. The experimental results show that the extended model and algorithm designed in this paper can significantly reduce the relative deprivation perception of the carrier group in the online freight platform at a low cost.

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Ozdemir, Fatih. "Development and Validation of the '˜Relative Deprivation Scale for Financial Possibilities'." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v2i2.6977.

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The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a new scale which measures relative deprivation level of university students toward financial possibilities. According to egoistical relative deprivation model (Crosby, 1976), five preconditions must be met to feel deprived. Depending on these preconditions, 71 items were written. Item pool was conducted 310 (Nfemale = 208; Nmale = 102) university students who study in different universities of Turkey (Mage = 22.84; SD = 2.44). Participants rated items on a 6 point Likert-type response set. Findings indicated a five-dimensional, 22-item scale which is called Relative Deprivation Scale for Financial Possibilities (?=.77); factors were (1) adverse effects of relative deprivation (?=.88), (2) feasibility of obtaining better financial possibilities (?=.78), (3) responsibility for failure to possess better financial possibilities (?=.84), (4) feeling to deserve better financial possibilities (?=.71) and (5) wanting toward better financial possibilities (?=.75). Also, these dimensions were tested with demographic information of participants.

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Ohno, Hiroshi, Kyung-Tae Lee, and Takashi Maeno. "Feelings of Personal Relative Deprivation and Subjective Well-Being in Japan." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13020158.

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Personal relative deprivation (PRD) refers to emotions of resentment and dissatisfaction caused by feeling deprived of a deserved outcome compared to some reference. While evidence suggests that relative deprivation based on objective data such as income affects well-being, subjective PRD has been less explored, especially in the East. This study evaluated the relationship between PRD and subjective well-being based on various aspects in the context of Japan. An online questionnaire survey, including the Japanese version of the Personal Relative Deprivation Scale (J-PRDS5) and various well-being indices, was administered to 500 adult participants, balanced for sex and age. Quantitative data analysis methods were used. PRD significantly correlated with subjective well-being as assessed by various aspects. Through mediation analysis, we found that a strong tendency to compare one’s abilities with others may undermine subjective well-being through PRD. The results also indicated that well-developed human environments may be associated with the maintenance of subjective well-being levels, even when PRD is high. Toward developing future interventions to improve well-being and health, efforts must be undertaken in Japan to monitor PRD and further clarify the mechanism of the association between PRD and the factors that showed a strong relationship in this study.

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Nadler, Jonah, Martin V. Day, Shadi Beshai, and Sandeep Mishra. "The Relative Deprivation Trap: How Feeling Deprived Relates to Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 10 (December 2020): 897–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.10.897.

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Introduction: How income inequality associates with poorer mental health remains unclear. Personal relative deprivation (PRD) involves appraising oneself as unfairly disadvantaged relative to similar others and has been associated with poorer mental health and negative cognitive appraisals. As generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with negative cognitive appraisals, PRD may relate to the experience of GAD and its cognitive predictors, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), positive beliefs about worry (PBW), negative beliefs about worry (NBW), and experiential avoidance (EA). Method: In two observational studies (Study 1, N = 588; Study 2, N = 301) participants completed measures of PRD, cognitive predictors and symptoms of GAD, subjective socioeconomic status (SES), self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Results: A relationship between PRD and GAD was found across studies, which was simultaneously mediated by IU and NBW. These results remained when controlling for subjective SES but were weakened when controlling for self-concept factors. Discussion: This research supports the possibility that the experience of deprivation may “trap” people in thinking patterns that contribute to anxious symptomology.

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Adebusuyi, Adeola Samuel, and Olubusayo Foluso Adebusuyi. "Predicting hybrid entrepreneurship among secondary school teachers in Nigeria." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 12, no. 4 (October 18, 2021): 516–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-04-2021-0152.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how degree-holding secondary school teachers cope in a recessive economy by embracing hybrid entrepreneurship (HE). Specifically, we investigated how comparison with referent others, underemployment and relative deprivation led to HE.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a cross-sectional research design. We used snowball and purposive sampling techniques to recruit 303 bachelor’s degree holders teaching in Nigerian public secondary schools in two states of the federation (Ondo and Ekiti states). We analyzed the data with regression path analysis and controlled for age and gender.FindingsThe results of this study showed the following. First, teachers were high in the feeling of pay underemployment and relative deprivation. Second, pay underemployment and relative deprivation directly led to HE. Third, teachers were indirectly high in HE through either pay underemployment or relative deprivation. Finally, underemployment and relative deprivation serially mediate the relationship between referent others and HE.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, the results suggest that teachers’ involvement in HE is necessity-driven to cope with the recessive Nigerian economy. However, future research should focus on a more experimental approach to determine the cause-effect relationship.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate how workers embrace HE to cope with the consequences of a recessive economy.

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Rezya Agnesica Helena Sihaloho, Margaretha Hanita, and Cahyo Pamungkas. "Papua Conflict Resolution Challenges: The Linkage Of Relative Deprivation With The Spirit Of Separatism Of Indigenous Papuans." Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 34 (June 19, 2023): 4429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/jns.v34i.2130.

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For many years, the Land of Papua has experienced bloody battles as separatist parties fought for independence from the Indonesian government. Understanding how relative hardship contributes to complaints and drives violent action is one of the critical obstacles to resolving these disputes. Indigenous people in Papua have long felt exploited and marginalized by the national government and international businesses that take resources out of the area. Compared to others in a social group or society, the sense of unfair disadvantage is called relative deprivation. This feeling of relative deprivation has fostered demands for independence and violent confrontations with security forces. In order to analyze a specific phenomenon, this research study employs a qualitative methodology that includes a thorough literature review of reliable papers. The result of this study is that the Papuan people experience relative deprivation because they have lost what previously belonged to them, such as land and resource rights, political representation, cultural identity, human rights, and fair social services. This sense of loss has caused deprivation in the Papuan people. At the same time, this deprivation fosters a separatist spirit channelled through acts of violence that cause casualties. The central government's lack of concern exacerbates the relative deprivation conditions of the Papuan people. Thus, the people of Papua are increasingly marginalized by the central government.

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Elchardus, Mark, and Bram Spruyt. "The contemporary contradictions of egalitarianism: an empirical analysis of the relationship between the old and new left/right alignments." European Political Science Review 4, no. 2 (August 11, 2011): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773911000178.

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This paper deals with the often-observed complex relationship between the so-called old, ‘economic’ left/right alignment (egalitarianism) and the new, ‘cultural’ alignment. Many authors have observed that the less educated members of society occupy an apparently contradictory position, combining a leftist stand in favor of more equality and government intervention, with a rightist stand on minority rights, the treatment of criminals, and other aspects of democratic citizenship. Various explanations have been offered for this paradox. This paper proposes an explanation in terms of vulnerability and the way in which it is culturally processed. Less educated people are often vulnerable and long for more equality. The stronger their desire for equality, the greater their frustration when feeling vulnerable, and the greater the need to cope with that vulnerability. They do so, using particular narrative-coping strategies that create an affinity with the attitudes that form the new left/right alignment. One such coping strategy is based on feelings of relative deprivation. In the empirical part of the paper it is shown that relative deprivation completely explains the paradoxical position of the less educated, and that, when taking feelings of deprivation into account, the two left/right dimensions are in fact independent of each other at all levels of education, creating a situation that leads to tensions within parties that pursue egalitarian policies. The mechanism uncovered in this analysis reveals a tension at the heart of egalitarianism: the stronger the longing for equality among the vulnerable members of society, the more likely they are to opt for right wing positions on the new left/right dimension.

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Rosadi, Andri. "Deprived Muslims and Salafism: An Ethnographic Study of the Salafi Movement in Pekanbaru, Indonesia." Religions 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13100911.

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This article analyses the process of reversion to Salafism in Pekanbaru, Indonesia in the context of Muslims who have returned to Islam as a solution to their sense of deprivation. This return to Islam is considered by many as an initial solution to a feeling of deprivation which often manifests itself as a form of spiritual ‘emptiness’, accompanied by anxiety, depression and a lack of direction in life. The analysis in this article is based on extensive reading of relevant literature, participatory observation, and interviews conducted during fieldwork in Pekanbaru from July 2015 to June 2016. The discussion is based on three case studies of Salafi members, detailing their reversion to Salafism and the personal and sociological reasons for their choice to return to Islam, i.e., Salafism, after a certain period of time in their lives. Findings show that those who join the Salafi movement have previously experienced relative deprivation which led to a sense of existential deprivation.

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van Rongen, Sofie, Michel Handgraaf, Maaike Benoist, and Emely de Vet. "The effect of personal relative deprivation on food choice: An experimental approach." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): e0261317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261317.

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Growing evidence suggests that relative disadvantage is more relevant than absolute socioeconomic factors in explaining disparities in healthfulness of diet. In a series of pre-registered experiments, we tested whether personal relative deprivation (PRD), i.e. the sense that one is unfairly deprived of a deserved outcome relative to others, results in choosing more palatable, rewarding foods. Study 1 (N = 102) demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a game for inducing real-time experiences of PRD. Study 2 (N = 287) showed no main effect of PRD condition on hypothetical food choices, but an interaction between chronic PRD and condition revealed that those in the PRD condition chose more rewarding foods when feeling chronically deprived. In Study 3 (N = 260) the hypothesized main effect was found on real, non-hypothetical food choices: those in the PRD condition chose more rewarding foods, controlling for sensitivity to palatable food. Our results provide preliminary indications that the experience of being relatively deprived, rather than the objective amount or resources, may result in a higher preference for high-caloric and palatable foods. It may be suggested that efforts to reduce societal disparities in healthfulness of diet may need to focus on perceptions of injustice beyond objective inequalities.

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Yang, Weige. "Voice Endorsement and Cyberloafing: The Role of Relative Deprivation and Perceived Over Qualification." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/3/2022787.

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Although the imperical studies about voice endorsement is increasing, but the outcome variables of the voice endorsement are still being ignored to a large extent. According to the relative deprivation theory, this study found that the low voice endorsement have a negative effect which boost the employees sense of relative deprivation, including the horizontal and longitudinal compares with other persons or groups, and relative deprivation promote the cyberloafing behavior of employees. Moreover, the indirect effects of relative deprivation on the relationship between voice endorsement and cyberloafing behavior are stronger when employees score high on perceived over qualification. These results fill the gap in the voice endorsement researching area and provide a suggestions for leaders to reduce subordinates deviation behaviors in the perspective of psychological feelings.

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Smith, Heather J., Desiree A. Ryan, Alexandria Jaurique, Thomas F. Pettigrew, Jolanda Jetten, Amarina Ariyanto, Frédérique Autin, et al. "Cultural Values Moderate the Impact of Relative Deprivation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 8 (July 10, 2018): 1183–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118784213.

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Relative deprivation (RD) is the judgment that one or one’s ingroup is worse off compared with some relevant standard coupled with feelings of dissatisfaction, anger, and resentment. RD predicts a wide range of outcomes, but it is unclear whether this relationship is moderated by national cultural differences. Therefore, in the first study, we used national assessments of individual-collectivism and power distance to code 303 effect sizes from 31 different countries with 200,578 participants. RD predicted outcomes ranging from life satisfaction to collective action more strongly within individualistic nations. A second survey of 6,112 undergraduate university students from 28 different countries confirmed the predictive value of RD. Again, the relationship between individual RD and different outcomes was stronger for students who lived in more individualistic countries. Group-based RD also predicted political trust more strongly for students who lived in countries marked by lower power distance. RD effects, although consistent predictors, are culturally bounded. In particular, RD is more likely to motivate reactions within individualistic countries that emphasize individual agency and achievement as a source of self-worth.

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Francis, Sally K., and Debbraw Demissee. "Teachers' Perceptions of Students' Feelings of Clothing Deprivation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1993): 1211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1211.

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The purpose of this study was to compare teachers' perceptions of the feelings of perceived clothing deprivation among their students with the students' actual feelings. The samples consisted of 336 home economics students in Grades 9 through 12 from 6 high schools and 140 teachers employed by the same 6 schools. Results indicated that there was no difference between teachers and students on two measures of clothing deprivation, Inability to Buy and Clothing Deprivation Relative to Peers. In addition, a number of programs for meeting students' clothing needs were identified by the teachers.

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Triana, María del Carmen, Mevan Jayasinghe, Jenna R. Pieper, Dora María Delgado, and Mingxiang Li. "Perceived Workplace Gender Discrimination and Employee Consequences: A Meta-Analysis and Complementary Studies Considering Country Context." Journal of Management 45, no. 6 (June 8, 2018): 2419–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206318776772.

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We draw on relative deprivation theory to examine how the context influences the relationship between employees’ perceptions of gender discrimination and outcomes at work using a meta-analysis and two complementary empirical studies. Our meta-analysis includes 85 correlations from published and unpublished studies from around the world to assess correlates of perceived workplace gender discrimination that have significant implications for employees. We extend relative deprivation theory to identify national differences in labor laws and cultural norms as contextual factors that affect the threshold for feeling deprived and moderate the relationship between perceived workplace gender discrimination and employee outcomes. Findings show that perceived gender discrimination is negatively related to job attitudes, physical health outcomes and behaviors, psychological health, and work-related outcomes (job-based and relationship-based). Correlations between perceived workplace gender discrimination and physical health outcomes and behaviors were stronger in countries with more broadly integrated labor policies and stringently enforced labor practices focused on promoting gender equality. Correlations were also stronger in countries with more gender-egalitarian cultural practices across multiple employee outcomes of perceived workplace gender discrimination. Further, results from two complementary studies (one employee survey and one experiment) supported the meta-analytic findings and provided evidence of the relative deprivation rationale central to our theory. Implications for research and practice include the need to consider the influence of the country context in organizational decisions to prevent and address gender discrimination and its consequences for employees and ultimately, for employers.

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de la Sablonnière, Roxane, Émilie Auger, Nazgul Sadykova, and Donald M. Taylor. "When the “We” Impacts How “I” Feel About Myself." European Psychologist 15, no. 4 (January 2010): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000062.

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Dramatic social change leads to profound societal transformations in many countries around the world. The two recent revolutions in March 2005 and April 2010, and the ethnic conflict in June 2010 in Kyrgyzstan are vivid examples. The present research aims to understand people’s reactions to dramatic social change in terms of personal well-being. To further understand how people react psychologically to dramatic social change, the theoretical framework of our research is based on a dominant theory in social psychology: Collective relative deprivation theory. In the past, researchers have argued that collective relative deprivation is logically associated with collective outcomes, and thus is not likely to impact personal well-being (e.g., Walker & Mann, 1987 ). Others, however, have argued that feelings of collective relative deprivation do impact personal well-being (e.g., Zagefka & Brown, 2005 ). We postulate that these inconsistent results arise because past research has failed to consider multiple points of comparison over time to assess collective relative deprivation. Specifically, we theorize that multiple points of collective relative deprivation need to be taken into account, and in so doing, collective relative deprivation will, indeed, be related to personal well-being. We also explore the entire trajectory of collective relative deprivation (which represents how an individual perceives the evolution of his/her group’s history across time) to predict personal well-being. In the present study, we tested these theoretical propositions in the context of dramatic social change in Kyrgyzstan. Regressions, group-based trajectory modeling, and MANOVA confirm our hypotheses.

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Ananta, Aris. "Recommended Policies for Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v1i1.561.

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Booming and prosperity. Joyful expectation of the future. And, suddenly, a crash, a dramatic crash. All were lost in such a short time. They were so unprepared for this event. Then, those who had used to talk about poverty, but did not really experience the poverty itself, were forced to get the feeling of much relative deprivation. They had not fallen to under poverty line, and, indeed, they might be still in a much higher economic situation than the poverty line; but their prospect had been very bleak. It was like the feeling of riding a roller coaster, but without knowing the end of the fast descending journey. They were, to mention a few, the academicians, politicians, bureaucrats, business people, people in NGOs and joui nalists. They had the political power, and some were involved in decision making to help the "poor" people.

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STILES, BEVERLY L., XIAORU LIU, and HOWARD B. KAPLAN. "Relative Deprivation and Deviant Adaptations: The Mediating Effects of Negative Self-Feelings." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37, no. 1 (February 2000): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427800037001003.

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Keith, Pat M. "Feelings of Deprivation, Death Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms among Funeral Directors." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 34, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xcev-320w-epm1-q470.

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Objective indicators (personal and work characteristics) and subjective assessments (feelings of deprivation and death anxiety) were examined in relation to depressive symptoms among 163 funeral directors. The findings from a multivariate analysis supported theorizing about the salience of subjective assessments relative to objective indicators for psychological well-being. Death education, death anxiety, and deprivation were most important in explaining depressive symptoms. Death anxiety and depressive symptoms were independent of the amount of contact with the dead and bereaved.

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S.W. Ng, Eddy. "Relative deprivation, self-interest and social justice: why I do research on in-equality." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33, no. 5 (June 10, 2014): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2013-0055.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer an insight into why men do research on in-equality. Design/methodology/approach – The author utilizes autoethnography, as a form of self-reflection, to help make sense of the own experiences and to connect it with the broader world. It is a narrative based on personal experiences which connects the author's biography with his research endeavours. It also enables to engage in self-analysis and self-awareness of the motives for conducting research on in-equality. Findings – In this narrative, the author shares his journey as an equality scholar, and how his multiple identities as a visible minority, an immigrant to Canada, and a gay person shapes my worldview, attitudes, and beliefs, which in turn influences his own work on equality and diversity. The narrative is based on the intersection of multiple identities, and not just solely based on the author's gender. The attribute feeling deprived on behalf of others, rational self-interest, and social justice as the chief reasons for engaging in in-equality research. Research limitations/implications – Autoethnography is inherently subjective, based upon the author's own biases and interpretation of events, but the subjectivity can also be an opportunity for intentional self-awareness and reflexivity. Given the multiple identities that the author holds, some of the experiences recounted here may be unique to the author, and some may be shared with others. Thus, it is not the author's intention to represent, in general, why men do in-equality research. Originality/value – This autoethnography has allowed the author the opportunity to be self-aware of the complexity of the multiple identities. This self-awareness also allows the author to be more respectful, authentic, and inclusive of others. The author hopes that these reflections will resonate with some of you, and perhaps inspire one to engage in similar work, for reasons that are unique to one and all.

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Gharadaghi, Masoumeh, Mohammad Faridi, Maghsoud Ali Sadeghi Gandomani, and Monireh Kazemi Rashed. "Analysis of Concurrent Revolts during Naderi Era Influenced by Feelings of Relative Deprivation." Cultural History Studies Research journal of Iranian society of History 10, no. 38 (January 1, 2019): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/chs.10.38.83.

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Tripathi, R. C., R. Kumar, and V. N. Tripathi. "When the Advantaged Feel Victimised: The Case of Hindus in India." Psychology and Developing Societies 31, no. 1 (March 2019): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333618825085.

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This article seeks to understand the collective victimhood of the Hindus, a majority group in India, relative to the feelings of collective victimhood of the Muslim minority. It studies the role that is played by feelings of collective victimhood (CV) along with ingroup identity, fraternalistic relative deprivation (FRD), intergroup emotions and relative power in responding to intergroup conflict situations. The results showed that Hindus reported collective victimhood in greater amount compared to Muslims. Muslims felt more FRD than Hindus. Hindus also carried more negative emotions as a consequence of experiencing collective victimhood. The preferred reaction of Hindus in conflict situations was of revenge and less of reconciliation. Collective victimhood of Hindus was explained by ingroup identity and negative emotions associated with the experiences of collective victimhood and fraternalistic relative deprivation. The action of revenge of Hindus and Muslims was explained by different sets of factors. Identity and CV-related negative emotions were more important in explaining the revengeful reactions of Hindus, while in the case of Muslims relative power, FRD and FRD-related negative emotions were found more efficacious. Results are explained in the context of current Hindu–Muslim relations in India.

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Yang, Hyeseung. "The Bright and Dark Sides of Reading Others via SNSs: Vicarious Pleasure, Inspiration, Feeling of Relative Deprivation, and Consequent Effects on Satisfaction with Life." Locality & Communication 23, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 69–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47020/jlc.2019.11.23.4.69.

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Mogford, Elizabeth, and Christopher J. Lyons. "The Impacts of International Service Learning on a Host Community in Kenya: Host Student Perspectives Related to Global Citizenship and Relative Deprivation." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 31, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v31i2.456.

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Despite recent calls, research on ISL has focused almost exclusively on learning outcomes for global North students. We know comparatively less about how ISL programs may impact the knowledge and perceptions of student participants from hos t countries in the global South. We examine learning outcomes for Kenyan students who interact with visiting students from a U S university. Using an original survey and a case control design, we compare the responses of students from an ISL pa rtner school with those of students in a nearby control school to explore how program participation influences ideas about global citizenship, viewpoints about the United States and feelings of relative deprivation. Results point to the complexity of ISL programs and their impact on host country participants. On the one hand, we find that ISL partner students show higher levels of global citizenship than control group students. On the other hand, ISL partner students are more likely than the control gr oup to agree with unrealistically positive views of the United States and report greater feelings of relative deprivation. We apply Allport’s intergroup contact theory to interpret these findings and reflect on future directions.

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Power, Séamus A. "Why a Richer World Will Have More Civic Discontent: The Infinity Theory of Social Movements." Review of General Psychology 24, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268020907326.

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Two narratives of economic development are presented. The first highlights contemporary global wealth and income inequality. The second illustrates historical aggregate gains in global wealth and income. Within these two broad narratives of economic development, protests and social movements will arise to modulate feelings of unfairness and deprivation. A new theory of social movements is developed. Collective remembering and collective imagining can inform feelings of unfairness, frustration, and relative deprivation in the present. This theory highlights the importance of a temporal account of the development of social movements within democracies that allow for the expression of civic discontent without brutalization. The theory predicts aggregate global economic development, with unequal economic gains, will always necessitate social movements to modulate economic inequality and circumvent perceived and actual hardship. The implications of this theory for understanding globalization, social movements, and creating fairer democratic societies are discussed.

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Beringer, Robert, Brian de Vries, Gloria Gutman, Paneet Gill, and Helena Dault. "COVID-19 and the Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Minority Status." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.891.

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Abstract The COVID-19 virus has caused millions of deaths and impaired physical and mental health and social disconnection for countless persons around the world; concomitantly, the pandemic has exposed and exacerbated the pervasive effects of racism and stigma experienced by Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) and other marginalized/stigmatized groups. This study adopts an intersectional perspective examining multiple marginalized identities (i.e., the combination of LGBTQ and BIPOC status) and COVID-19 pandemic health stressors. We report on data from an online survey (conducted between Aug 10 and Oct. 10, 2020) focusing on current experiences and future planning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. LGBTQ respondents (n=415) indicated significantly higher levels of depression, loneliness, sadness, and isolation in comparison to heterosexuals (n=3916). Heterosexual white respondents (n=3446) reported significantly higher levels of acceptance in their community and reported greater happiness but also higher rates of feeling of isolation than heterosexual BIPOC heterosexuals (n=470) who reported significantly higher rates of feeling judged/shamed by others than the heterosexual white respondents. In contrast to our expectations, white LGBTQ respondents (n=366) reported significantly more depression, loneliness, anxiety, and sadness than their BIPOC LGBTQ peers (n=49). These findings are interpreted as reflecting a complex mix of the effects of marginalization (as experienced by LGBTQ persons in general), and privilege and relative deprivation (as experienced by heterosexual and LGBTQ white persons) along with resilience and the moderated expectations and experiences of BIPOC LGBTQ persons.

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Wickham, Sophie, Nick Shryane, Minna Lyons, Thomas Dickins, and Richard Bentall. "Why does relative deprivation affect mental health? The role of justice, trust and social rank in psychological wellbeing and paranoid ideation." Journal of Public Mental Health 13, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-06-2013-0049.

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Purpose – Relative deprivation is associated with poor mental health but the mechanisms responsible have rarely been studied. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that childhood perceived relative deprivation (PRD) would be linked to sub-syndromal psychotic symptoms and poor wellbeing via beliefs about justice, trust and social rank. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 683 undergraduate students were administered measures of childhood PRD, hallucination-proneness, paranoia and wellbeing and measures of trust, social rank and beliefs about justice. A subsample supplied childhood address data. Multiple mediation analysis was used to assess pathways from childhood experiences to outcomes. Findings – Childhood PRD was associated with all three outcomes. The relationship between PRD and paranoia was fully mediated by perceptions that the world is unjust for the self and low social rank. The same variables mediated the relationship between PRD and poor wellbeing. There were no significant mediators of the relationship between PRD and hallucination-proneness. Research limitations/implications – Although our outcome measures have been validated with student samples, it may not be representative. The study is cross-sectional with a retrospective measure of PRD, although similar results were found using childhood addresses to infer objective deprivation. Further studies are required using prospective measures and patient samples. Social implications – Social circumstances that promote feelings of low social worth and injustice may confer risk of poor psychological outcome. Ameliorating these circumstances may improve population mental health. Originality/value – Improvements in public mental health will require an understanding of the mechanisms linking adversity to poor outcomes. This paper explores some probable mechanisms which have hitherto been neglected.

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Cheon, Bobby K., and Ying-Yi Hong. "Mere experience of low subjective socioeconomic status stimulates appetite and food intake." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607330114.

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Among social animals, subordinate status or low social rank is associated with increased caloric intake and weight gain. This may reflect an adaptive behavioral pattern that promotes acquisition of caloric resources to compensate for low social resources that may otherwise serve as a buffer against environmental demands. Similarly, diet-related health risks like obesity and diabetes are disproportionately more prevalent among people of low socioeconomic resources. Whereas this relationship may be associated with reduced financial and material resources to support healthier lifestyles, it remains unclear whether the subjective experience of low socioeconomic status may alone be sufficient to stimulate consumption of greater calories. Here we show that the mere feeling of lower socioeconomic status relative to others stimulates appetite and food intake. Across four studies, we found that participants who were experimentally induced to feel low (vs. high or neutral) socioeconomic status subsequently exhibited greater automatic preferences for high-calorie foods (e.g., pizza, hamburgers), as well as intake of greater calories from snack and meal contexts. Moreover, these results were observed even in the absence of differences in access to financial resources. Our results demonstrate that among humans, the experience of low social class may contribute to preferences and behaviors that risk excess energy intake. These findings suggest that psychological and physiological systems regulating appetite may also be sensitive to subjective feelings of deprivation for critical nonfood resources (e.g., social standing). Importantly, efforts to mitigate the socioeconomic gradient in obesity may also need to address the psychological experience of low social status.

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Roefs, Marlene, Bert Klandermans, and Johan Olivier. "Protest Intentions on the Eve of South Africa's First Nonracial Elections: Optimists Look Beyond Injustice." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.3.1.65346877645831w1.

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In fall 1994 South Africa was preparing for its first nonracial, democratic elections. Uncertainty about the future characterized the political and social climate. Would the ANC be capable of governing? What would the conservative white population do? Would Buthulezi's Inkatha Freedom Party participate? Would violence continue? This article examines how, in a situation of maximum uncertainty, optimism or pessimism about the future influenced willingness to protest. Using random samples of Africans (n=1252) and whites (n=600), interviews were conducted in the weeks before the elections. Among African respondents, optimism/pessimism moderated the impact that feelings of relative deprivation, mistrust in government, and perceived lack of influence on government had on the reported intention to participate in militant protest. Concerning moderate collective action, differing expectations for the future only changed the correlation between perceived influence and willingness to participate. Except for dissatisfaction among white respondents, optimism/pessimism affected the correlations for both moderate and militant protest. Among whites, dissatisfaction was not related to preparedness for moderate action, irrespective of expectations for the future. The results are interpreted in terms of social justice and relative deprivation theories.

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Svitych, Alexander. "Voting for Jobbik and the Front National." European Review of International Studies 8, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21967415-08010017.

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Abstract The article explores the perceptions of socio-economic change among voters of two European neo-nationalist parties: Jobbik in Hungary and Front National in France. Building on Karl Polanyi’s ‘double-movement’ framework, it advances the argument that marketization of societies is prone to: first, generate individual- and group-level psychological experiences of nostalgia, relative deprivation, and status frustration; and relatedly, second, engender a demand for political refuge in the form of populist nationalism. To empirically substantiate my propositions, I draw on a variety of public opinion data to find the signs of these demand-driven mechanisms. Overall, I find that voters from the working and lower middle-classes, made insecure by socio-economic transformations, have resorted to the neo-nationalist solution as an alternative system of identification, and as a coping strategy. Jobbik and Front National have politicized the frame of the ‘sovereign people’ in congruence with citizens’ perceived frustrations and vulnerabilities. The analysis also suggests that disenfranchised voters are more discontent with the experience of socio-economic decline, and the feeling of betrayal by the elites, than are essentially intolerant towards minorities.

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Jöst, Prisca. "MOBILIZATION WITHOUT ORGANIZATION: GRIEVANCES AND GROUP SOLIDARITY OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN TUNISIA*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-25-2-265.

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The article investigates the role of social grievances, emotions and group solidarity in the spontaneous mobilization of unemployed university graduates in post-revolutionary Tunisia. Using a mixed method approach, I rely on interviews with political and civil actors conducted during fieldwork in 2018, protest event data from the Armed Conflict and Event Data Project, Facebook posts, and secondary literature including additional media reports. My findings indicate that in January 2016, unemployed citizens organized autonomously in response to perceived social grievances and increasing levels of corruption among established trade unions and unemployed organizations. In the case of Tunisia, shared feelings of relative deprivation, compared to the coastal regions, strengthened in-group solidarity among the unemployed in the interior and south and resulted in their collective mobilization.

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Topa, Gabriela, and Carlos-María Alcover. "Psychosocial factors in retirement intentions and adjustment: a multi-sample study." Career Development International 20, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 384–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-09-2014-0129.

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Purpose – Retirement adjustment is the process by which aged workers become accustomed to the changed facts of life in the transition from work to retirement and develop psychological well-being in their post-working life. The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial factors that significantly explain retirement intentions and retirement adjustment, using two separate empirical studies. Design/methodology/approach – Retirement self-efficacy, low work involvement, older worker identity and relative deprivation significantly explained retirement intentions (bridge employment engagement, part-time retirement, late retirement and full retirement) of workers over 60 years (Study 1, n=157). Retirement adjustment indices (retirement satisfaction, feelings of anxiety and depression) were associated with psychosocial factors for retirees (Study 2, n=218). Findings – The findings highlight that retirement self-efficacy and older worker identity positively and significantly explained both full retirement of aged workers and retirement satisfaction of retirees. Relative deprivation negatively significantly explained partial and late retirement intentions and retirement satisfaction of retirees. Research limitations/implications – The implications of these studies are discussed for understanding retirement planning and counselling practice. Practical implications – Retirement adjustment conceptualized as a process has important implications for retirement planning, and consequently can influence the project of the life course, as well as career’s decisions. Social implications – Social contexts should consider all factors that can negatively affect self-efficacy, work involvement and identity of employees in the mid and late-career stages, and thus contribute to reinforce and strengthen personal and psychosocial resources involved in planning and adaptation to retirement, and to increase the insight into the planning and decisions older workers make to face retirement. Originality/value – This work had two goals, pursued by two empirical studies with two samples: workers over 60 years, and retirees. The authors contend that the availability of two different sets of data increases the generalizability of the findings.

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Whiteley, Paul, Monica Poletti, Paul Webb, and Tim Bale. "Oh Jeremy Corbyn! Why did Labour Party membership soar after the 2015 general election?" British Journal of Politics and International Relations 21, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148118815408.

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This article investigates the remarkable surge in individual membership of the Labour Party after the general election of May 2015, particularly after Jeremy Corbyn was officially nominated as a candidate for the leadership in June of that year. Using both British Election Study and Party Members Project data, we explain the surge by focussing on the attitudinal, ideological and demographic characteristics of the members themselves. Findings suggest that, along with support for the leader and yearning for a new style of politics, feelings of relative deprivation played a significant part: many ‘left-behind’ voters (some well-educated, some less so) joined Labour for the first time when a candidate with a clearly radical profile appeared on the leadership ballot. Anti-capitalist and left-wing values mattered too, particularly for those former members who decided to return to the party.

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Yang, Hyeseung, Srividya Ramasubramanian, and Mary Beth Oliver. "Cultivation Effects on Quality of Life Indicators: Exploring the Effects of American Television Consumption on Feelings of Relative Deprivation in South Korea and India." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 52, no. 2 (May 30, 2008): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08838150801992060.

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Goethals, George R. "Donald Trump, perceptions of justice, and populism." Leadership 14, no. 5 (August 21, 2018): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715018793741.

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The populism of Donald Trump and his supporters can be viewed as rooted in feelings of relative deprivation, whereby people feel that they are getting less than they deserve in exchanges with other groups, and perceptions of unfair procedures, whereby elites are seen to allocate outcomes in an unethical, biased, and/or disrespectful manner. Populist leaders can boost people’s self-esteem and hence their sense of what they deserve and how they should be treated by establishment decision makers. Populist leaders make intergroup comparisons salient and thereby exacerbate intergroup hostility. In the United States, populist politics has shifted from emphasizing unfair economic outcomes to exploiting racist and nativist sentiments as well as cultural antagonisms. Donald Trump’s populism can be traced most directly to George Wallace’s racist populist campaigns in the 1960s. Trump has also focused on unfair decisions made about political allies. His presidency is arguably the first to ride these elements in American politics to the White House.

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Tehranian, Katharine Kia. "Consuming Identities: Pancapitalism and Postmodern Formations." Prospects 24 (October 1999): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000284.

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The dramatic rise of identity anxieties in most parts of the world — as reflected in posttraditional movements in politics and postmodernist movements in art, architecture, and social theory — calls for an explanation. Also known disparagingly as fundamentalism or neoconservatism, posttraditionalism is often a response from the peripheral sectors of the population to the onslaught of rapid modernization, often accompanied by social disequilibria, income inequities, and feelings of relative deprivation. The Bible Belt in the United States, the oriental Jews in Israel, the rural and semi–urbanized Muslims in the Islamic world, the evangelical Protestants in Latin America, and the Hindu nationalists in secular India demonstrate the rich diversity and complexity of such political religions. By contrast, postmodernist movements are primarily situated in the intellectual circles of the contemporary world. In the face of an economically globalizing and technologically accelerating history, they represent a dual response to homogenizing forces by reasserting cultural pluralism and nihilism.

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Kabatska, O. V., L. V. Shuba, and V. V. Shuba. "The importance of health self-assessment for future professionals in the field of information technology." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(144) (December 22, 2021): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.12(144).13.

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Researchers are always been interested in human health. So every civilization saves myths and legends about very strong men and charming women. This is how the level of health for a person in everyday language was determined. According to the epidemiological situation in the country, it is very important that people are able to determine their own health. There are many different theories about human health, its components and the conditions of formation. All of them are united by the common opinion that a person without health cannot be happy, create his life and find professional fulfillment. But a young person begins to work in an extreme day regimen, who is imperceptibly affected by this negative factor, gradually loses physical health, initially due to sleep deprivation, cardiovascular system, visual deterioration and others. Therefore, the following consequences of this day regimen are possible: lethargy in daylight, feeling tired, increase in biological age relative to the passport on many indicators, early onset of chronic diseases. About a third of information technology specialists in our country work in this day regimen. That is why, it was and will be important for a person to understand the factors of maintaining and strengthening health, compliance with the conditions and rules of a healthy lifestyle, the ability to determine the level of the problem in all aspects of life in general. Self-assessment of human health occurs throughout life, from childhood to advanced age life, can be made on the basis of questionnaires, self-observations and systematization of information on health indicators obtained from health professionals during annual survey. All these will create resistance to stressors and reduce health risks in various spheres of life.

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Laurijssen, Ilse, and Bram Spruyt. "Not for People Like Us? A Six-Year Panel Study of the Mutual Relationship Between Feelings of Relative Deprivation and Occupational Status Among Young Adults in Flanders." Social Indicators Research 124, no. 2 (October 24, 2014): 617–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0794-4.

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Kim, Hyunji, Richard Schlicht, Marlit Schardt, and Arnd Florack. "The contributions of social comparison to social network site addiction." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): e0257795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257795.

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Excessive use of social network sites (SNSs) can often lead to negative consequences of frequent upward social comparisons despite having the social network platform to present users in a favorable light. However, the existing literature gives little evidence to social comparison related antecedents and consequents of uncontrollable use of SNSs. The present study aimed to investigate the contributions of social comparison to SNS addiction. In Study 1, using a convenient sample in Austria (n = 103), we showed that the tendency to engage in social comparisons of ability (but not of opinion) predicted self-reported SNS addiction over and above the feelings of relative deprivation on social support and status. SNS addiction mediated the relations between social comparison of ability and stress, but not self-esteem. In Study 2, using a broad sample of participants in Austria (n = 500), we replicated the findings observed in Study 1 and showed that contrastive upward social comparison emotions (i.e., envy, depression) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and lower self-esteem whereas the contrastive downward social comparison emotion (i.e., contentment) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and higher self-esteem. Our findings suggest that SNS addiction closely relates to psychological constructs relevant to social comparison, mediates the link between social comparison of ability and detrimental consequences (i.e., stress, well-being) and demonstrate how social comparison emotions relate to both positive and negative associations between SNS addiction and self-esteem.

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Stockemer, Daniel, Tobias Lentz, and Danielle Mayer. "Individual Predictors of the Radical Right-Wing Vote in Europe: A Meta-Analysis of Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals (1995–2016)." Government and Opposition 53, no. 3 (June 13, 2018): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.2.

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In this article, we summarize the individual demand-level factors explaining the radical right-wing vote in European countries. To do so, we first review 46 quantitative peer-reviewed articles featuring the individual vote choice in favour of a radical right-wing party as the dependent variable. To identify relevant articles, we use Kai Arzheimer’s bibliography on the radical right and employ the following inclusion criterion: the articles must be written in English, they must use the individual vote for a radical right-wing party as the dependent variable, they must use a quantitative methodology and they must include some type of regression analysis. Using this strategy, we conduct a meta-analysis of 329 relevant models and find that over 20 individual variables are tested. Because many variables such as attitudes towards immigration, employment, age, education and gender only show moderate success rates in attempting to explain an individual’s propensity to vote for the radical right, we complement the review of quantitative studies with an analysis of 14 qualitative publications. The review of these qualitative works shows that the processes through which somebody becomes a voter, supporter or activist of the radical right are often more complex than the commonly used surveys can portray them. Frequently, feelings of relative economic deprivation and dissatisfaction with the political regime trigger an awakening that makes individuals seek engagement. However, the processes behind this awakening are complex and can only be partially captured by quantitative studies.

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Smith, Heather J., and Yuen J. Huo. "Relative Deprivation." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214550165.

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Discussions of the impact of growing inequality have focused on objective indicators. Focusing on what individuals have or do not have can be misleading without understanding how they subjectively interpret the availability of resources. Relative deprivation (RD) occurs when individuals compare themselves with better-off others and conclude that they do not deserve their disadvantage. These upward comparisons, whether imposed or chosen, can damage people’s emotions, behavior, and even mental and physical health. How people respond to RD depends on whether they (a) experience the disadvantage directed toward them as a unique individual or as a member of a group (e.g., ethnic category, occupation), (b) feel anger or another emotion (e.g., sadness), and (c) view the system (e.g., workplace, nation) as open to change. Mobility interventions (e.g., housing and school vouchers) may have unexpected adverse consequences that direct improvements to the local infrastructure and community do not. Costs of RD (including physical illness) increase if people cannot address perceived inequities effectively. RD explains why simply enumerating resources and opportunities does not fully explain how relative disadvantage produces outcomes ranging from social protest to illness. Insights from psychological science that show how individuals respond to social inequities can inform policies for building communities and improving well-being.

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Smith, Heather J., Thomas F. Pettigrew, Gina M. Pippin, and Silvana Bialosiewicz. "Relative Deprivation." Personality and Social Psychology Review 16, no. 3 (December 22, 2011): 203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868311430825.

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Faluyi, Olumuyiwa. "Nigeria and ‘Negotiated Elections’: Examining the Impact of Rotational Presidency on Peace, the National Question, and Development." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v4i1.995.

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Nigeria is a country consistently tilting towards one violent situation or another. Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria has witnessed numerous ethnoreligious conflicts that have threatened its corporate existence. For example, age-long feelings of relative deprivation by certain sections of the country, have given rise to the continuous reference to a need to address the national question: a phenomenon that describes the aggregation of concerns by the different nationalities on how they can or should cohabit in the same federation. However, elections, and the entire electoral process, often serve as precipitates of ethnoreligious conflicts in Nigeria. Aside from the tensions that always sprout about who becomes what, there is a more prominent challenge of where the candidate comes from. Thus, elections in Nigeria often get reduced to geographical linings of candidates, rather than their competence or political ideology. This is often festered by the need to provide opportunities for all geographical sections of the country to produce the President, thus giving rise to the idea of a rotational presidency as a negotiated approach. The article examined the rotational presidency, vis-à-vis its implication for inclusiveness, peace, the national question, and development in Nigeria. The study utilised historical materials, elite theory, and the consociational model of power sharing to explore how the political activities towards elections have shifted the attention of the populace away from the pedigree and the leadership potentials of the aspirants/candidates to their ethnic and religious backgrounds. The study suggests how good leaders can emerge without jettisoning inclusiveness.

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Mangyo, Eiji, and Albert Park. "Relative Deprivation and Health." Journal of Human Resources 46, no. 3 (2011): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.46.3.459.

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Webber, Craig. "Revaluating relative deprivation theory." Theoretical Criminology 11, no. 1 (February 2007): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480607072737.

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Pedersen, Axel West. "Inequality as Relative Deprivation." Acta Sociologica 47, no. 1 (March 2004): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699304041550.

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Litman, Jordan A., and Tiffany L. Jimerson. "The Measurement of Curiosity As a Feeling of Deprivation." Journal of Personality Assessment 82, no. 2 (April 2004): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8202_3.

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Hwang, Hyang-Hee, and Bo-Ram Kim. "Conceptualization of Relative Leisure Deprivation." Korean Journal of Lesure, Recreation & Park 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26446/kjlrp.2020.9.44.3.113.

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Balsa, Ana I., Michael T. French, and Tracy L. Regan. "Relative Deprivation and Risky Behaviors." Journal of Human Resources 49, no. 2 (2014): 446–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.49.2.446.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Feeling of relative deprivation'

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