Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Feeds'
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Crots, Frans (Francois Engelbertus). "The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling piglet performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53106.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Starch is the main component of cereal grains and is usually the primary energy source for pigs and poultry. Feed manufacturing can adopt several measures, including physical treatments such as milling or pelleting and other techniques, such as enzyme treatment, to disrupt cell structure. Grinding and pelleting are the most common food processing methods used for pigs. However, pelleting of complete balanced feeds is no longer such an economical proposition due to rising energy and equipment costs; therefore this cost has to be outweighed by an increased production efficiency. It has been known for many years that grinding is an essential prerequisite for the satisfactory blending of the ingredients of a multi-component food. Feed cost represents the major item in the cost of animal production. Without doubt, research and production efforts will continue to refine feed processing techniques to reduce the cost of feed and to increase the value of feed for a target animal. The possibilities for improvements in feed are endless; however the cost of each innovation must be carefully weighed against demonstrated improvements in animal performance. Experiment 1: The effect of feed processing techniques on weanling pig growth-performance The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the feed on growth performance of commercial Landrace x Large White piglets (n=480) weaned at 28 ± 2 d were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing conditions of the diet in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The pigs were blocked by weight (7.196 ± 2.03 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Ten pens of 8 piglets each were fed with each dietary treatment. The two main processing conditions of the carbohydrate source were raw or extruded maize and the 3 processing conditions of the diet was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet processing interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for ADG, ADFI or FeR. In this experiment, extrusion of the maize led to an significant decrease in FeR efficiency (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs. 1.42) when compared to a raw maize diet. Pelleting a diet had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and significantly improve FeR efficiency (1.49 vs. 1.66) when compared to a meal diet. Extruding the whole diet did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on ADG but tended to decrease ADFI (P < 0.07) and gave an significant improvement in FeR when compared to a meal diet (1.34 vs. 1.66). This processing technique also gave a significant improvement (P < 0.01) in FeR when compared to a pelleted diet (1.34 vs. 1.49). Experiment 2: The effect of pig feed processing conditions on pig metabolism parameters The effects of processing of the carbohydrate source and the diet on certain metabolism and production parameters of commercial Landrace x Large White pigs (n=24) were investigated. Two processing combinations of the carbohydrate source were used with 3 processing combinations in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Six diets were formulated on an iso-nutrient basis (14.48 MJ/kg metabolizable energy (ME), 23.01 crude protein (CP), 1.092% lysine, 0.742% methionine and cystine and 0.271% tryptophan on a DM basis). The pigs were blocked by weight (26.02 ± 0.25 kg BW) and then allotted randomly to I of 6 dietary treatments. The carbohydrate source was raw or extruded maize and the diets was meal or pelleted or extruded. No carbohydrate processing x diet feed form interactions were observed (P > 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestible energy (DE), Nitrogen (N) or dry matter intake (DMI). In a metabolism and nitrogen (N) balance study, apparent N digestibility, digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents were found not to be significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by carbohydrate or diet processing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stysel is die hoof komponent in grane en is gewoonlik die primêre verskaffer van energie vir varke en pluimvee. Voermeulens kan verskeie metodes implementeer, insluitend fisiese behandeling soos bv. maal, verpilling en ensiem behandelings, om sel struktuur te verander. Maal en verpilling is die mees algemene prosessering metodes wat vir varkvoer gebruik word. Maar, verpilling van totaal geballanseerde voere is nie meer so ekonomies geregverdig nie as gevolg van stygende energie en masjinerie koste. Daarom moet die koste van voervervaardiging oorbrug word deur 'n verhoogde produksiedoeltreffendheid. Dit is al lankal bekend dat maal 'n voorvereiste is vir effektiewe vermenging van grondstowwe van 'n multi-komponent voer. Voerkoste verteenwoordig die hoof item van die koste van intesiewe diereproduksie. Voedingskudiges sal sonder twyfel voortgaan om voerprosessering te verfyn om so die koste van die rantsoen te verlaag en om die waarde van die rantsoen te verhoog vir die dier. Die moontlikhede is veelvuldig, maar die koste van elke ontwikkeling moet opgeweeg word teen verhoogde diereproduksie. Eksperiment 1: Die effek van voerprosesserings-tegnieke op speenvark groei en produksie 'n Proef is uitgevoer om die prosesseringseffek van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer op die groei van Landras x Groot Wit speenvarke (n=480) wat gespeen is op 28 ± 2 d te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieet is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Die varkies is geblok volgens massa (oorspronklik 7.196 kg ± 2 kg) en toe ewekansig in I van 6 dieët behandelings ingedeel. Die proefdiëte is vir lO hokke varkies gevoer, elke hok het 8 varkies in gehad. Die twee hoof prosesserings-kondisies van die koolhidraat bron was rou of gaar mielies en die drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët was meelof gaar of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat prosesserings x dieët prosesserings interaksie van die dieët was opgemerk (P > 0.05) vir gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GOT), gemiddelde daaglikse voer inname (GDVI) of voer omset doeltreffendheid (VOD) nie. In die eksperiment was die VOD van die geëkstrueerde mielie dieët, statisties betekenisvol laer (P < 0.05) (1.57 vs.1.42) as die rou mielie dieët. Verpilling van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek (P > 0.05) op GDV! gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter (1.49 vs. 1.66) wanneer dit met die meel dieët vergelyk word. Ekstrusie van die dieët het geen statisties betekenisvolle effek op GOT en GOVI gehad nie, maar die VOD was statisties betekenisvol (P < 0.05) beter wanneer dit met die meel (1.34 vs. 1.66) en verpilde dieët (1.34 vs 1.49) vergelyk word. Eksperiment 2: Die effek van voer prosessering op vark metabolisme parameters 'n Eksperiment is uitgevoer op Landras x Groot Wit bere (n=24) om die effek van prosessering van 'n koolhidraat bron en voer te bepaal. Twee prosesserings-kombinasies van die koolhidraat bron en drie prosesserings-kondisies van die dieët is in 'n 2 x 3 faktoriaal ontwerp uitgevoer. Ses diëte is geformuleer op 'n iso-nutriënt basis (14.48 MJ/kg metaboliseerbare energie (ME), 23.01 ru-proteïen (RP), 1.092% lisien, 0.742% metionien and sistien en 0.271 % tryptofaan op 'n droeë materiaal (DM) basis). Die varke is geblok volgens massa en ewekansig aan 1 van 6 diëte toegeken. Die koolhidraat bron was gaar of rou mielies en die diëte was meel, verpil of geëkstrueer. Geen koolhidraat-prosessering x dieet interaksie is opgemerk (P > 0.05) nie. In 'n metabolisme en stikstof (N) balans-studie is daar gevind dat DM verteerbaarheid, skynbare N verteerbaarheid, verteerbare energie (GE) en ME inhoud nie beduidend deur die behandelings beïnvloed word nie.
Pugh, Jamie A. "Prediction of optimal rumen degradable protein levels in no-roughage, corn-based feedlot diets." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6277.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
Garaleviciene, Dalia. "Mycotoxins and moulded feed : effects on laying hen and contamination of Lithuanian feeds /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5848-X.pdf.
Full textHari, Sadu. "Physico-chemical characteristics of shrimp feeds compounded from a few fermented feed ingredients." Thesis, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 2000. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/11065/1/Hari%20Sadu.pdf.
Full textNordlöf, Jonas. "Anomaly detection in videosurveillance feeds." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105521.
Full textTraditionell övervakning är ofta ineffektiv i och med att antalet tillgängliga övervakningskameror ofta överstiger en operatörs förmåga att bevaka dessa. Vidare kräver övervakning ett fokus som en operatör endast klarar av att upprätthålla under en kort tidsperiod. I detta arbete har därför algoritmer för automatisk anomalidetektion i övervakningskameror skapats, med hjälp hidden Markov models (HMM) samt ett Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter. Fyra olika modeller har implementerats och utvärderats med hjälp av PETS2009 datasetet samt ett simulerat dataset från FOI. De tre första modellerna är skapade för att modellera normalt beteende bland folksamlingar och kan därefter användas för att upptäcka anomalier. Den första modellen använder sig av endast en HMM för att modellera olika beteenden. Den andra modellen använder sig av två olika HMMer, skapade genom att manuellt dela upp observationerna i träningssetet i två delar så att dessa motsvarar olika beteenden. Denna modell fungerar inte lika bra som den första modellen. Den tredje modellen har konstruerats genom att klustra samtliga observationer, med hjälp av dynamic time warping (DTW) och zscores, därefter skapas en HMM för varje kluster. Denna modell anses vara den mest effektiva anomalidetektorn. Den sista modellen använder information från alla grupper i det bevakade området men fungerar inte tillräckligt bra för att kunna upptäcka anomalier.
Lee, Cheuk-hung, and 李卓雄. "Microbial contamination of enteral feeds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245596.
Full textAnderton, A. "Microbial contamination of enternal feeds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377156.
Full textAbuel-Futuh, Haytham. "News Feeds Clustering Research Study." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/52.
Full textRoesser, Rachel. "The effect of commercial horse feeds versus home mixed feed grains on foal growth." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28360.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 18 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
Leung, Stanley. "The effect of clinoptilolite properties and supplementation levels on swine performance /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82276.
Full textThe results from this study show that the zeolite with a particle size distribution either >250 mum or mixed (50% particles greater and smaller than 250 mum) adsorbed the most NH4+. Macro mineral and heavy metal release was similar among all particle size distributions tested, but varied between sources of zeolite. Handling properties of zeolite were not affected by moisture content or particle size. The feed trial indicated that zeolite supplementation, combined with a low crude protein and energy diet and at an inclusion level of 4%, showed potential as a feed additive in swine diets for the purposes of nutrient reduction. Nevertheless, zeolite seemed to have a greater impact on energy ingestion, as compared to crude protein. Even at 6% zeolite inclusion in the feed, hog muscle, kidney and liver tissues showed no significant increase in heavy metal contents, as compared to those fed any zeolite.
Wan, Yonghong 1966. "Metabolic effects of zeolite as natural feed supplement for grower pigs." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84085.
Full textKey words. Clinoptilolite, Pig, Pig Performance, Metabolic Parameter.
URIAS, ALEJANDRO RUBEN. "EFFECT OF DIETARY CONCENTRATE LEVELS ON IN SITU DRY MATTER DISAPPEARANCE, NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER DISAPPEARANCE AND DIGESTION KINETICS OF ALFALFA HAY, WHEAT STRAW AND STEAM PROCESSED AND FLAKED MILO GRAIN." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183830.
Full textMey, Mahamat. "WEIGHT CHANGE, INTAKE AND DIGESTION OF ALFALFA HAY AND WHEAT STRAW BY KARAKUL, RAMBOUILLET AND ST. CROIX." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275269.
Full textBarwick, Ian M. "Drug recovery from medicated animal feeds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10360.
Full textLeonard, Cathy Wood. "Optical feeds for phased array antennas." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80079.
Full textMaster of Science
Nolte, Joubert van Eeden. "An evaluation of degradable protein and nonprotein nitrogen on intake and digestion by Dohne merino sheep fed wheat straw." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51597.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa, like many other developing countries throughout the world, has a rapidly growing human population, resulting in a consequent increased demand for food. Ironically, this increased food supply has to be produced on a smaller area of available agricultural land, which means that agricultural production processes have to become more efficient. Furthermore, the majority of the people in these countries are unschooled and poverty is a common phenomenon. Therefore, animal scientists are faced with the challenge and the responsibility to provide affordable, high quality food to these people. One way of reaching this objective is to improve the utilisation of low-quality, high roughage feedstuffs like crop residues and dry natural grass pastures. In the winter rainfall area of South Africa alone, about 460 000 ha of wheat straw are annually available. The ruminant animal has the ability to utilise the relatively unavailable energy (cellulose, hemi-cellulose and pectin) in the fibre component of these low-quality forages. Unfortunately, various factors, of which a N deficiency is the pre-dominant one, limit the utilisation of these feedstuffs. If the ability of the ruminant to utilise low-quality, fibrous energy sources is improved, these abundantly available and relatively inexpensive crop residues and natural pastures can be converted into high quality protein food for human consumption. Therefore, in order to rectify the N deficiency caused by these low-quality forages, the supplemental N requirement to optimise the fermentation and digestive processes of the ruminant animal has to be determined. The first study was conducted to determine the supplemental rumen degradable protein (RDP) requirement, to maximise the digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) of Dohne Merino sheep fed wheat straw. Keeping the high cost of natural protein supplementation in mind, the purpose of the second study was to determine the amount of true protein that can be replaced by nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) in RDP supplements fed to Dohne Merino sheep consuming wheat straw. In both trials animals had ad libitum access to low-quality wheat straw (3.2% CP; 74.2% NDF) and water. In the first trial, RDP (calsium caseinate: 90% CP; 100% rumen degradable) was intraruminally administered at 07hOOand 19hOO,at the following levels: 0, 40,80, 120 and 160 gld. Intake, fermentation and digestion were monitored to determine the RDP requirement to maximise DOM!. Digestible organic matter (OM) intake displayed a quadratic increase with elevated amounts of RDP (P < .01), and was maximised at an estimated 3.15 g RDPlkg BW·75 or 11.6% of DOM. Forage OM intake tended to increase quadratically (P = .15) with higher RDP levels. Microbial nitrogen (MN) flow to the duodenum and microbial efficiency increased quadratically (P ~ .04) and fluid dilution rate tended to increase in a quadratic manner (P = .15) with increased RDP supplementation levels. Rumina! ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased linearly (P ~ .07), while rumen pH exhibited a variable response to increased RDP levels (cubic; P = .08). Increasing RDP supplementation to Dohne Merino wethers consuming wheat straw, generally enhanced forage utilisation and DOM!. In the second trial, urea replaced different levels of casein N on an isonitrogenous basis, ranging from 0 - 100%. Since true protein is much more expensive than urea, the purpose of this study was to determine the maximum natural protein level that can be replaced by urea in RDP supplements, without adversely affecting intake and/or fermentation and digestive processes. The control treatment provided all of the RDP in the form of calcium caseinate (90% CP; 100% rumen degradable). The percentages of supplemental RDP from urea in the other treatments were 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The 100% urea treatment was balanced with maize starch to contain 40% CP and all other treatments received the same amount (150 gld) of starch. Intake of forage OM showed a weak decreasing trend (linear; P = .16) with increasing urea levels. Ruminal digestibilities of OM and NDF were not affected (P ;;::.:18) by urea level. Increasing urea levels resulted in linearly reduced total tract OM and NDF digestibilities (P ~ .10). As a result, DOMI declined (linear; P < .01) with increasing proportions of urea. Effects of increasing urea proportions on duodenal N flow, microbial efficiency and fluid dilution rate were minimal. Ruminal NH3-N tended to increase quadratically with increasing urea levels (P = .l4). Total VFA concentration decreased linearly (P = .03), while rumen pH increased in a linear manner (P = .08) with increasing urea proportions. Branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA's) and valerate decreased linearly (P ~ .05) with increasing urea levels, while other VFA's and the acetate:propionate ratio were generally not affected by treatment (P ;;:::.16). It appears as though ruminal and total tract OM and NDF digestibility criteria, as well as DOMI reached maximum values at substituting 25% of casein for urea. It is therefore concluded that replacing 25% of casein with urea in RDP supplements, will maintain effective utilisation of low-quality forages by sheep.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, word gekenmerk deur 'n vmmge bevolkingsaanwas. Dit lei tot 'n verhoogde vraag na voedsel, wat op 'n gevolglik kleinerwordende beskikbare kommersiële lanbbou-area geproduseer moet word. Die doeltreffendheid van produksieprosesse in die landbousektor moet dus noodgedwonge verbeter word. Die oorgrootte meerderheid van die bevolkings in ontwikkelende lande is ongeletterd en armoede en hongersnood is soms 'n algemene verskynsel. Veekundiges word dus gekonfronteer met die uitdaging en verantwoordelikheid om bekostigbare, hoë kwaliteit voedsel aan hierdie mense te voorsien. Een van die mees doeltreffende metodes om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, is om die benutting van lae kwaliteit, hoë-vesel voerbronne, bv. oesreste en droë grasweidings te verhoog. In die winterreënstreek van Suid-Afrika alleen, is 460 000 ha koringstrooi jaarliks beskikbaar. Herkouers beskik oor die besondere vermoë om die relatief onbeskikbare energie (sellulose, hemi-sellulose en pektien) in die veselkomponent van hierdie lae kwaliteit voere te benut. Verskeie faktore, waarvan 'n N-tekort die mees prominente is, beperk egter die benutting van hierdie voerbronne. Die uitdaging is dus om die herkouer se vermoë om hierdie voere te benut, te optimaliseer. Sodoende word 'n geredelik beskikbare, onderbenutte en relatief goedkoop voerbron omgeskakel in hoë kwaliteit proteïen vir menslike gebruik. Die N-aanvullingsbehoefte om die fermentasie- en verteringsprosesse van die herkouerdier te optimaliseer moet dus bepaal word, sodat die N-tekort in herkouers, wat soortgelyke weidings benut, reggestel kan word. Gevolglik was die doel met die eerste proef om die behoefte aan rumen degradeerbare proteïen-(RDP)-aanvulling, vir die maksimum inname van verteerbare organiese materiaal (VOM) van Dohne Merino skape wat koringstrooi ontvang, te bepaal. Weens die hoë koste van natuurlike proteïenaanvulling, was die doel met die tweede proef om die hoeveelheid ware proteïen in RDP-aanvullings, vir Dohne Merino skape wat koringstrooi ontvang, wat met nie-proteïen stikstof (NPN) vervang kan word, te bepaal. In beide eksperimente het die diere ad libitum toegang tot koringstrooi (3.2% RP; 74.2% NBV) en water gehad. In die eerste proefis RDP (kalsiumkaseïnaat; 90% RP; 100% rumen degradeerbaar) teen 07hOOen 19hOOintraruminaal toegedien, teen die volgende peile: 0, 40, 80, 120 en 160 gld. Inname, fermentasie en vertering is gemonitor om die RDP behoefte vir die maksimum inname van VOM te bepaal. Verteerbare OM-inname het 'n stygende kwadratiese tendens (P < .01) getoon met verhoogde RDP-peile en het 'n maksimum bereik by 'n aanvullingspeil van 3.15 g RDPlkg metaboliese liggaamsmassa (LM·75 ) of 11.6% van VOM. Organiese materiaalinname vanaf koringstrooi het geneig om kwadraties toe te neem (P = .15) met verhoogde RDP-peile. Mikrobiese stikstof-(MN)-vloei na die duodenum en mikrobiese effektiwiteit het kwadraties toegeneem (P :::;.;04) en vloeistof deurvloeitempo het 'n neiging vir 'n kwadratiese toename (P = .15) met verhoogde RDPpeile getoon. Rumen-ammoniakstikstof (NH3-N) en vlugtige vetsuur-(VVS)-konsentrasies het lineêr toegeneem (P :::;.;07), terwyl rumen pH 'n wisselende reaksie (kubies; P = .08) met stygende RDP-peile getoon het. Verteerbare OM-inname en benutting van koringstrooi is verbeter deur stygende peile van RDP aanvulling by Dohne Merino hamels. In die tweede proef is kaseïen op 'n iso-stikstof basis met verskillende ureumpeile, vanaf o - 100%, vervang. Omdat ureum baie goedkoper is as natuurlike proteïen, was die doel van die tweede proef om die hoeveelheid natuurlike proteïen in RDP-aanvullings te bepaal wat met ureum vervang kan word, sonder om inname, fermentasie en vertering te benadeel. Die kontrolebehandeling het 100% van die RDP in die vorm van kalsiumkaseïnaat (90% RP; 100% rumen degradeerbaar) voorsien, terwyl ureum in die ander behandelings onderskeidelik 25, 50, 75 en 100% van die kaseïen-N vervang het. Die 100% ureumbehandeling is met mieliestysel tot 40% RP gebalanseer en dieselfde hoeveelheid stysel (150 gld) is by al die ander behandelings ingesluit, om moontlike effekte van stysel op rumenfermentasie te elimineer. Organiese materiaalinname vanafkoringstrooi het 'n swak dalende tendens getoon met stygende ureum insluitingsvlakke (lineêr; P = .16). Rumenverteerbaarheid van OM en neutraal bestande vesel (NBV) is nie deur die ureumpeil beïnvloed nie (P ;;:: .18). Toenemende ureumpeile het gelei tot 'n lineêre afname in totale kanaal OM en NBVverteerbaarheid (P ~ .10). Gevolglik het VOM inname lineêr afgeneem (P < .01) met stygende ureum insluitingspeile. Die effek van behandeling op duodenale N-vloei, mikrobiese effektiwiteit en vloeistof deurvloeitempo was minimaal. Rumenammoniakstikstof-( NH3-N)-konsentrasie het 'n stygende kwadratiese tendens getoon (P = .14) met toenemende ureum peile. Totale vlugtige vetsuur-(VVS)-konsentrasies het lineêr gedaal (P = .03), terwyl rumen pH lineêr toegeneem het (P = .08) met stygende ureum insluitingsvlakke. Vertakte ketting VVS' e en valeriaansuurkonsentrasies het lineêr gedaal (P ~ .05) met stygende ureumpeile, terwyl die ander VVS' e en die asynsuur:propioonsuurverhouding oor die algemeen nie deur behandeling beïnvloed N; nie (P ;;:: .16). Dit blyk asof VOM inname, sowel as rumen- en totale kanaal verteerbaarheidsmaatstawwe, by 25% vervanging van kaseïen-N met ureum-N 'n maksimum bereik het. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die doeltreffende benutting van lae kwaliteit ruvoere deur skape, gehandhaaf sal word deur 25% van die ware proteïen in RDP-aanvullings met ureum te vervang.
Baah, John. "Effect of particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen, omasum and abomasum of sheep on voluntary intake and digestibility of forages." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28887.
Full textLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Walsh, Mark Gordon. "Evaluation of dietary carbohydrate utilization by captive sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30429.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
Winsryg, Margaret Diggles 1952. "UTILIZATION OF CHOPPED WHEAT STRAW IN COMPLETE RATIONS FOR LACTATING DAIRY COWS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276446.
Full textMousari, Bafrooei Seyed Pedram. "Reflector feeds for large adaptive reflector antennas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57513.pdf.
Full textMAXIA, PAOLO. "Printed log-periodic feeds for radar applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266435.
Full textLakay, Francisco Martin. "Fungal enzymes as animal feed additives." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52280.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of fungal enzymes as ruminant feed digestibility enhancers was investigated. Currently, ruminants may not digest 38 to 80 % of fibrous forages' content. A renewed interest in the potential of feed enzymes for ruminants was prompted by the high costs of livestock production, together with the availability of newer enzyme preparations. Direct application of enzyme preparations can improve in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation, indicating that direct-fed fibrolytic enzymes may be effective in enhancing in vivo digestion of forages. Two commercial enzyme products, Fibrozyme and Celluclast, and fungal extracellular enzyme extracts from Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus aculeatus, and Thermomyces lanuginosus were evaluated for enhancing in vitro feed digestibility. Fibrozyme addition to both wheat straw and lucerne hay did not improve their in vitro digestibilities, even after a two hour pre-incubation period. The four fungal enzyme extracts did not enhance wheat straw's digestibility, but marginal increases were evident for lucerne hay. Celluclast addition resulted in marginal increases in the digestibility of both oat hay and oat silage, with no enhanced effect on lucerne hay and NaOH-treated wheat straw. No relationship could be found between the level of enzyme activity and the degree of feed digestion in the in vitro assay. Enzyme hydrolysis with Celluclast, in the absence of rumen fluid, gave more conclusive results. All the feed samples tested showed a positive response to Celluclast addition, even the less digestible feeds, namely sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw. In vitro results show that the assays were unsuccessful, because almost all of the experiments conducted showed inconclusive results. Alternative feed evaluation assays, which include the in vivo, in sacco and in situ methods of analysis, as well as gas production measurement and in vitro analysis with the DAISyII system, should be evaluated. A more detailed study of feed digestibility should be motivated by determining which feeds are hydrolysable, their chemical composition, i.e. how accessible the feeds are, and also evaluation of feed mixtures. The enzyme supplements also need to be evaluated for optimum temperature and pH, as well as the compilation of enzyme cocktails.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van swamensieme om die verteerbaarheid van herkouervoere te verhoog, is ondersoek. Tussen 38 en 80 % van veselagtige voere se inhoud is tans onverteerbaar. 'n Hernieude belangstelling in die potensiaal van voerensieme vir herkouers word deur die hoë koste van veeproduksie, asook die beskikbaarheid van nuwe ensiempreparate gedryf Direkte byvoeging van ensiempreparate kan die in vitro droëmateriaal (DM) en neutrale onoplosbare vesel (NOV) vertering verbeter, wat daarop dui dat fibrolitiese ensieme wat direk gevoer word, effektief mag wees tydens die in vivo vertering van voer. Twee kommersiële ensiemprodukte, Fibrozyme en Celluclast, en die vier ekstrasellulêre ensieme van vier swamme, naamlik Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma reesei, Aspergillus aculeatus, en Thermomyces lanuginosus is vir hul vermoë om die in vitro verteerbaarheid van voere te verbeter getoets. Byvoeging van Fibrozyme by beide koringstrooi en lusernhooi het geen verbetering in hulonderskeie in vitro verteerbaarheid tot gevolg gehad nie, selfs nie eens na 'n twee uur vooraf inkubasieperiode nie. Koringstrooi se verteerbaarheid is nie verbeter deur die byvoeging van die vier swam-ensiempreparate nie, maar 'n minimale verbetering is wel waargeneem in die verteerbaarheid van lusernhooi. Byvoeging van Celluclast het 'n minimale verbetering in beide hawerhooi en hawerkuilvoer se verteerbaarheid tot gevolg gehad, maar geen effek op lusernhooi of NaOH-behandelde koringstrooi se verteerbaarheid nie. Geen verwantskap is tussen die vlak van ensiemaktiwiteit en die mate van vertering tydens die in vitro toets gevind nie. Ensiematiese afbraak met Celluclast, in die afwesigheid van rumenvloeistof, het meer konkrete resultate gelewer. Al die voermonsters het 'n positiewe respons op die byvoeging van Celluclast getoon, selfs ook die minder verteerbare voere, nl. suikerrietbagasse en koringstrooi. In die wyer konteks was die resulate van die in vitro verteringstoetse egter onbeduidend as gevolg van groot variasie in die metings. Alternatiewe voerontledingstoetse, wat moontlik beter resultate mag lewer, sluit in in vivo, in sacco en in situ analises, asook die meting van gasproduksie en in vitro analise met die DAISyII sisteem. 'n Meer uitgebreide studie van voerverteerbaarheid wat die bepaling van die afbraak van voere, hul chemiese samestelling, met ander woorde toeganklikheid van voere, en die ondersoek van voermengsels behels, behoort aandag te geniet. Die ensiemmengsels behoort ook ten opsigte van samestelling, optimum temperatuur en pH ondersoek teword.
Ravindran, Velmurugu. "Development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf meal as an animal feed." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76479.
Full textPh. D.
Williams, Terhea Nichole. "An Assessment of Alternative Feed Ingredients in Practical Diets for Florida Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) Held in Low Salinity Recirculating Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WilliamsTN2008.pdf.
Full textMuñoz, Cabré Miquel. "Renewable electricity policies: an analysis of quotas, feeds-in laws and a proposal for EU harmonization of feeds-in laws." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4011.
Full text1. una comparació entre els dos instruments per a la promoció de l'electricitat renovable, és a dir, feed-in laws I quotes.
2. una proposta per a l'harmonització de feed-in laws a la Unió europea
La tesis està estructurada en cinc parts.
La Part I explica el sector elèctric liberalitzat, així com les tecnologies existents per electricitat renovable. D'aquestes tecnologies, les que tenen ritmes de creixement majors Durant la última dècada son la solar fotovoltaica i l'energia eòlica. La Part I també explica els principals atributs i impactes de les energies renovables.
La Part II descriu els sistemes, polítiques, mesures i estratègies de finançament per a la promoció de l'electricitat renovable. Els dos instruments més importants són les quotes i els feed-in laws, també coneguts com a tarifes. En un sistema de quotes, s'estableix un objectiu (la quota) d'energies renovable, i es crea un mercat per certificats d'electricitat renovable, de manera que s'aconsegueixi l'objectiu establer d'una manera eficient. En un sistema de tarifes, es garanteix als generadors d'electricitat renovable la compra de tota la seva producció a un preu mínim.
A part de quotes i tarifes, la tesis descriu altres mecanismes i polítiques, tals com sistemes de subhasta, mercats voluntaris, exempcions fiscals, fons d'energia neta, comptadors reversibles, subsidis, i inversió pública en recerca i desenvolupament.. La Part II també considera aspectes tals com accés a la xarxa, definicions i estàndards tècnics, assumptes administratius, establiment d'objectius, educació i conscienciació pública, estratègies de finançament, i gestió de risc.
La Part III descriu estudis de cas. Aquesta tesis no pretén ser un compendi estadístic de totes les polítiques existents a tots els països: Per això uns quants països de la Unió Europea es fan servir com a estudi de cas. La selecció de països s'ha fet pels següents motius: Alemanya i Espanya perquè il·lustren casos exitosos de polítiques de tarifes i primes; Dinamarca perquè es un dels països pioners en el desenvolupament de l'energia eòlica i els sistemes de tarifes que il·lustra els efectes negatius dels canvis de política; França per que il·lustra un sistema hostil a les energies renovables; els Països Baixos com un exemple de multiplicitat de polítiques; Irlanda perquè és un exemple de sistemes de subhasta; Suècia com un exemple de mercats voluntaris i sistemes fiscals verds; i el Regne Unit com un exemple de quotes. també es descriu els Estats Units d'Amèrica, així com el context de la Unió europea, i en particular respecte a la Directiva 2001/77/CE per a la promoció d'electricitat renovable.
La Part IV compara sistemes de quotes i tarifes en aspectes tals com l'eficiència, l'efectivitat, els incentius per a la innovació, l'eficiència sota incertesa, assumptes administratius, riscs regulatoris, finançament, discriminació tecnològica i distribució territorial. La Part IV conclou que les tarifes són instruments superiors a les quotes.
La Part V proposa i elabora polítiques per a l'harmonització dels sistemes de tarifes a la Unió Europea. En concret, proposa una metodologia per a l'harmonització basada en un sistema de primes, amb una prima modular i transparent per als productors d'electricitat renovable. Aquesta prima consideraria els costs tecnològics, els serveis a la xarxa, incentius polítics, i prioritats nacionals. L'enfoc que es proposa inclou mecanismes de flexibilitat per actualitzar les primes, per evitar beneficis inesperats, i per repartir els beneficis de la innovació tecnològica entre els productors i els consumidors, tot i mantenint els incentius per a la innovació. Els mecanismes de flexibilitat inclouen un mecanisme automàtic de revisió d'objectius, un sistema de revisió de primes i un llindar de rendibilitat. Les propostes de la Part V estan basades en la revisió dels principals aspectes de les lleis Alemanyes i Espanyoles.
The two main contributions of this dissertation are:
1. a comparison between two types of policy instruments for the promotion of renewable electricity, namely quotas and feed-in laws; and
2. a proposal for harmonization of feed-in laws in the European Union.
This dissertation is structured in five parts.
Part I explains the deregulated electricity sector and the existing renewable electricity technologies. Among these technologies, the ones with the highest growth rates in the last decade are solar photovoltaic and wind power. Part I also explains the main attributes and impacts of renewable electricity technologies.
Part II describes the existing support schemes, policies, measures and financing strategies for the promotion of renewable electricity. The two most important policy instruments are quotas and feed-in laws. Under a quota system, a target (the quota) is mandated for renewable electricity, and a market for renewable electricity certificates is created, to achieve the established target in a cost-efficient way. Under a feed-in law scheme, renewable electricity generators are guaranteed that all their renewable electricity will be bought at a minimum price.
Besides quotas and feed-in laws, other schemes and policies are described, such as tendering systems, voluntary markets, tax credits, clean energy funds, net metering, subsidies, and public research and development. Part II also addresses aspects such as grid access, definitions and standards, administrative issues, target setting, awareness and education, financing strategies, and risk management.
Part III describes country case studies. Because this dissertation does not pretend to be a compendium of data or existing policies in all countries, a few countries in the European Union have been selected. The selection of countries was broadly made for the following reasons: Germany and Spain because they illustrate successful feed-in systems; Denmark because it is also one of the pioneers of wind power and feed-in laws and illustrates the negative effects of policy changes; France because it illustrates a system hostile to renewables; the Netherlands because it is an example of multiplicity of policies; Ireland because it is an example of tendering systems; Sweden as an example of voluntary markets and green taxes; and the United Kingdom as an example of quotas. The United States is also described, as well as the context of the European Union, particularly with regards to Directive 2001/77/EC on the promotion of renewable electricity.
Part IV provides a comparison between feed-in-laws and quota systems in respect of efficiency, effectiveness, induced innovation, efficiency under uncertainty, administrative issues, regulatory risk, funding, discrimination among technologies and geographical dispersion. Part IV concludes that feed-in laws are superior policy instruments with regards to all those aspects, in some cases based on theory and in some on empirical evidence.
Part V elaborates policy proposals for the harmonization of feed-in laws in the European Union. In particular, it proposes a methodology for harmonization based on a feed-in law with a modular and transparent premium for renewable electricity producers. This premium considers technology costs, some grid services, political incentives and national priorities. The proposed approach includes flexibility mechanisms to update and revise premiums, to avoid windfall profits for producers, and to share technology innovation benefits with electricity consumers while maintaining incentives for innovation. The flexibility mechanisms include a profitability threshold, an automated premium revision, and a target revision trigger. The proposals on Part V are based on the review of the main features of the German and Spanish feed-in laws. Other considerations necessary for harmonization and not described elsewhere in the dissertation are also taken into account in Part V, such as ownership of rights derived from renewables, and exceptions for small non-commercial producers and energy¬intensive industries.
Pheko, Lieketseng Gladys. "Effects of feeding flaxseed and probiotic supplementation to layers on egg cholesterol and fatty acid composition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ44246.pdf.
Full textMo, Wing Yin. "Food wastes as feeds incorporated with Chinese herbs and prebiotic fibers on growth and non-specific immunity of grass carp, bighead, mud carp and Nile tilapia." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/91.
Full textBACO, ABDUL-AZIZ ISHAK. "TALLOW FOR LAYING HENS (POULTRY, FAT, PERFORMANCE, AMINO ACIDS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188112.
Full textRusdi. "The interaction between feed proteins and tannins in ruminant and poultry feeds and effects on metabolism and growth /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17706.pdf.
Full textFuchs, Vanessa Isabelle [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinhagen, and Bela H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Buck. "Immunomodulating feed additives in fish feeds for marine flatfish species / Vanessa Isabelle Fuchs ; Dieter Steinhagen, Bela H. Buck." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216502765/34.
Full textDe, Silva Lekamwasam L. S. S. K. "Poultry feeds prepared from fermented prawn waste silage." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28068.
Full textIbenegbu, Christopher Chinwendu. "Bioconversion of brewery spent grains for animal feeds." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444204.
Full textReichert, Sandro. "Analyse und Vorhersage der Aktualisierungen von Web-Feeds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-85008.
Full textBullock, Richard Simon. "Modelling analytical and physical variation in animal feeds." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324065.
Full textRodrigues, Marcelo Gomes. "OntoFeed um leitor de Feeds com extensão ontológica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3752.
Full textO problema que justifica o presente estudo refere-se à falta de semântica nos mecanismos de busca na Web. Para este problema, o consórcio W3 vem desenvolvendo tecnologias que visam construir uma Web Semântica. Entre estas tecnologias, estão as ontologias de domínio. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral desta dissertação é discutir as possibilidades de se imprimir semântica às buscas nos agregadores de notícia da Web. O objetivo específico é apresentar uma aplicação que usa uma classificação semi-automática de notícias, reunindo, para tanto, as tecnologias de busca da área de recuperação de informação com as ontologias de domínio. O sistema proposto é uma aplicação para a Web capaz de buscar notícias sobre um domínio específico em portais de informação. Ela utiliza a API do Google Maps V1 para a localização georreferenciada da notícia, sempre que esta informação estiver disponível. Para mostrar a viabilidade da proposta, foi desenvolvido um exemplo apoiado em uma ontologia para o domínio de chuvas e suas consequências. Os resultados obtidos por este novo Feed de base ontológica são alocados em um banco de dados e disponibilizados para consulta via Web. A expectativa é que o Feed proposto seja mais relevante em seus resultados do que um Feed comum. Os resultados obtidos com a união de tecnologias patrocinadas pelo consórcio W3 (XML, RSS e ontologia) e ferramentas de busca em página Web foram satisfatórios para o propósito pretendido. As ontologias mostram-se como ferramentas de usos múltiplos, e seu valor de análise em buscas na Web pode ser ampliado com aplicações computacionais adequadas para cada caso. Como no exemplo apresentado nesta dissertação, à palavra chuva agregaram-se outros conceitos, que estavam presentes nos desdobramentos ocasionados por ela. Isto realçou a ligação do evento chuva com as consequências que ela provoca - ação que só foi possível executar através de um recorte do conhecimento formal envolvido.
The problem addressed in this work refers to the lack of semantics in Web search engine. As solution, the W3 consortium has been developing technologies that aim to build a Semantic Web, including the domain ontology. Considering this issue, the work main goal is to discuss the possibilities of placing semantics context in the searches in Web feed applications. The specific goal is to propose a Web application that uses a semi-automatic classification of news, by joining information retrieval technologies and domain ontology. The software is able to get news about a given domain from Web information portals. It uses the Google Map API VI for gather the new geo-referenced location, whenever this information is available. To show the proposal feasibility, an example was developed supported by an ontology in the domain of rainfall and its consequences. The results of this new ontology-based feed are allocated in a database e make available for query via the Web. It is expected that the proposed feed offers more relevant results than the current feeds. In addition, the union of technologies sponsored by the W3C and traditional search methods on Web pages were satisfactory for the intended purposes. Ontology is showed as multi-use tool and its value in Web search can be extended for appropriate computer applications. In the example presented, other concepts were added to the word rainfall, which is present in the deployments caused by it. This highlighted the connection of the event rainfall with its consequences, action that was only possible to run through a cutout of the formal knowledge involved.
Sugiura, Shozo H. "Development of low-pollution feeds for sustainable aquaculture /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5298.
Full textWandrag, Daniel Barend Rudolp. "The bioavailability of amino acids and minerals in commercial dog food." Pretoria : [s.n.], 1999. http://explore.up.ac.za/search/.b?SEARCH=b1426767.
Full textSteiner, Linda. "DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB BASED EDUCATION MATERIAL TO HORSE OWNERS CONCERNING FEED SAFETY AND HYGIENIC QUALITY IN HORSE FEEDS." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9174.
Full textThe most common disease causing elements in feed is of microbial nature. Therefore it is of great importance for horse owners to be familiar with the fundamental requirements for microbial growth in feeds and the problems that can originate in case of insufficient handling. However, horse owners are not organized in a way that makes it easy to reach them with information as a target group. Additionally, most horse owners only have one horse and limited possibilities for education in feed safety. Thus, there is need for an easy accessed education material that is explicitly directed towards horse owners. The fundamental content of such an education material was composed in this project. Focus was on the importance of good microbial quality in horse feed and the material was structured into three chapters; FEED SAFETY, MICROORGANISMS IN FEEDS and CONSERVATION, STORING AND FEEDING. The aim was to publish the material as part of a larger web based education package on the web page, http://www.sva.se of the Swedish National Veterinary Institute. The basic structure for such a web education was also composed in this project.
Grubjesic, Goran [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Rodehutscord. "Investigations on ruminal degradation of nutrients and feeding values of single feeds and compound feeds for cattle / Goran Grubjesic ; Betreuer: Markus Rodehutscord." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213803764/34.
Full textHosking, Brenton John. "Evaluation of nutrient intake and digestion in grazing sheep receiving supplements : thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, summary and contents only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh826.pdf.
Full textFarhat, Antoine G. "Nutritional evaluation of industrial food wastes in ducks diets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0006/MQ29689.pdf.
Full textLong, Amanda Marie. "Impacts of Flax on Female and Male Reproductive Traits When Supplemented Prior to Breeding in Sheep." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29877.
Full textGåfvels, Niklas. "Searching Web Feeds from a Functional Database Management System." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110893.
Full textWeb feeds are a popular technique to distribute information about contents of web pages. RSS and Atom are two standards used to syndicate web contents as web feeds. This project investigates how to make different kinds of Internet web feeds searchable by implementing a general wrapper for web feeds in an extensible and functional DBMS, Amos II. The system, RSS-Amos, makes it possible to search the contents of any RSS or Atom based web feed using the query language AmosQL. New web feeds simply have to be declared to the system in order to make them searchable. The system guarantees that added feeds always are up to date when queries are made. The wrapper is implemented in Java using the ROME API from java.net. The project includes an evaluation of the performance of the system. Due to the fact that the actual data sources are located on the Internet, a cache of read feeds has been implemented to improve performance. The cache makes queries over 150 times faster.
He, Ping. "Antioxidants in fish meals, fish feeds and farmed fish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39660.pdf.
Full textAlawa, J. P. "Studies in protein supplementation of low-quality roughage feeds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375441.
Full textBeattie, Tara Kate. "Microbial contamination of enteral tube feeds and feeding systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417337.
Full textBunthoff, Kathryn C. "Consuming Nature: Literature of the World that Feeds Us." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1241616520.
Full textBrowman, Howard I. "Feeding behaviour in fry of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63129.
Full textVan, Niekerk S. J. (Sarel Johannes). "Actual and predicted performance of broiler chickens." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49817.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and profitability of different dietary specifications for broiler chickens slaughtered at 35 days of age. Two trials were performed to evaluate different production parameters. The results of these trials were compared to the predicted results of the EFG broiler model. No carcass data were available for the two trials mentioned above. Therefore, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the broiler model when predicting carcass characteristics, two published data sets (Leeson et al., 1996a) were used. Predicted and actual values were compared, evaluated and discussed. Two broiler trials were performed. In Trial One the amino acid density decreased throughout the range of three treatments from prestarter to finisher diets. In Trial Two the amino acid density decreased only in the four finisher diets. The main difference between predicted and actual results was the response to body weight. The model predicted a steady increase in feed intake to compensate for the lower dietary specifications while body weight did not change significantly. This increase in feed intake seems to be enough to maintain body weight. Trial birds also increased their feed intake as dietary amino acid density decreased, but this compensation seemed to be too low to maintain body weight compared to the control diet. The birds may find it easier to compensate when they have time to adapt to the specification. There is evidence in the literature that birds need seven days to adapt their feed intake to a lower feed specification (Leeson et al., 1996a). It can be speculated that the trial birds started to loose body weight due to a lower amino acid intake in this period. The model seems to adapt feed intake immediately after a change in diet specification. The simulation on literature data lead to the following conclusions: 1) Broilers posses the capacity to increase their feed intake with at least 65% should finisher diets with lower amino acid and energy concentrations be supplied. If only the energy concentration of finisher diets were decreased, the increase in feed intake will be around 30%. (see Table 16 and 23) 2) The accurate prediction of feed intake from the given dietary specification has a major influence on the accuracy of the prediction of broiler performance. 3) Amino acid density and DLys:ME ratio plays a significant role in the control and prediction of feed intake. The EFG broiler model is based on sound scientific principles. The model is comprehensive and can be used for a wide range of environmental and management conditions as well as dietary conditions. The nutritionist can use the model with confidence to assist in practical feed formulation. The actual strength of the model lies in the time and money being saved compared to practical trials.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die prestasie en winsgewendheid van braaikuikens te bepaal wanneer voere met verskillende digthede tot op 35 dae gevoer word. Twee eksperimente is uitgevoer om produksieresultate te evalueer. Die resultate van hierdie eksperimente is met die voorspelde waardes uit die EFG simulasie-model vergelyk. Aangesien geen karkasdata vir bogenoemde eksperimente beskikbaar was nie, is twee gepubliseerde datastelle gebruik om hierdie deel van die model te evalueer (Leeson et al., 1996a). Twee braaikuiken eksperimente is uitgevoer. Eksperiment Een het uit drie behandelings bestaan waarvan die aminosuur-konsentrasie vanaf dag een tussen behandelings verskil het. In Eksperiment Twee het die aminosuur-konsentrasie net in die vier afrondingsdiëte verskil. Liggaamsmassa op 35 dae het die grooste verskil tussen voorspelde- en werklike waardes getoon. Beide voorspelde en werklike innames het in albei eksperimente verhoog soos wat aminosuur-konsentrasie afgeneem het. Voorspelde liggaamsmassa het egter konstant gebly terwyl werklike data 'n afname in liggaamsmassa getoon het. Dit bleik dat die voorspelde toename in innames voldoende was om massa te onderhou terwyl die voëls in werklikheid nie genoeg gekompenseer het nie. Leeson et al., 1996a het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat braaikuikens minstens sewe dae benodig om hul voeriname by 'n nuwe spesifikasie aan te pas. So 'n stadige aanpassing kan daartoe lei dat energie- en aminosuur-inname daal indien 'n dieet met laer spesifikasie gevoer. Dit sal daartoe lei dat die kuikens liggaamsmassa verloor. Uit die literatuur simulasies is die volgende afleidings gemaak: 1) Braaikuikens besit die vermoeë om voerinname in die afrondingstyd met minstens 65% te verhoog indien 'n afrondingvoer met laer amiosuur- asook energiekonsentrasie gevoer word. Indien net die energiekonsentrasie verlaag word, sal die inname met sowat 30% verhoog. 2) Die akkurate voorspelling van inname is krities vir die akkurate voorspelling van produksieparameters. 3) Aminosuur-digtheid en DLys:ME speel 'n belangrike rol in die beheer en voorspelling van voerinname by braaikuikens. Die EFG braaikuikenmodel is op suiwer wetenskaplike beginsels geskoei. Die model is omvattend en kan vir 'n wye reeks van omgewings- en bestuurstoestande asook dieet-spesifikasies gebruik word. Die voedingkundige kan die model met vertroue gebruik om met praktiese voerformulering by te staan. Die model kan die formuleerder baie tyd spaar aangesien praktiese eksperimente ingeperk kan word.
Thomson, Douglas Edward. "Determination of the effects of fish size and feed pellet size on the settling characteristics of Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) culture cleaning wastes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26649.
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