Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Feeding'
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Rocchio, Rosemarie. "The relationship between warming premature infant's feedings and feeding tolerance /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1996. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1996/thesis_nur_1996_rocch_relat.pdf.
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Manship, Brendan Anthony David. "The feeding ecology of deposit-feeding holothurians." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318807.
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Mälberg, Filip, and Linda Truong. "Feeding Robot." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226671.
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This project considers a construction of a robot arm thatfollows a specific pattern to detect food. To thereafterreach a position which illustrates the position of a person’smouth. Due to limited time during this project the robothas no gripper to grab the food. To find food on a specificarea, a distance sensor was required. Therefor, anultrasonic sensor was used where it was fasten to a servomotor. The servo motor enabled the ultrasonic sensor toalways face down while searching for food. To achieve aprecise motion and position during the movement pattern aPID-regulator was implemented. An experiment was doneto compare how different controllers affected the systemon different angular distances. With modeling the systemand implementing pole placement control the theoreticalparameters were calculated. To steer the DC motors a feedbackof the current position needed to be known, this wassolved using potentiometers. All torque transmission wasdone by wires, which was an advantage for this project dueto the large weight of motors. The final outcome accomplishedto follow the given pattern in a suitable way anddetect a piece of food.Denna rapport omfattar en konstruktion av en robotarmoch dess rörelse att följa ett specifikt mönster för att detekteramat. Därefter sträcka sig till en position som illustreraren människas mun. Då avsedd tid för detta arbetevar begränsat, konstruerades roboten utan en gripare.För att hitta mat i ett avgränsat område, krävdes en avståndssensor. Därför valdes en ultraljudssensor som fästesp°a en servomotor. Servomotorn gjorde det möjligt för ultraljudssensornatt alltid vara riktad nedåt under sökandetefter mat. För att uppnå en precis rörelse och position undermönstret, implementerades en PID-regulator. Ett experimentutfördes för jämförelse av hur olika regulatorerpåverkade systemet på olika vinkelavstånd. De teoretiskaparametrarna beräknades med hjälp av modellering av systemetoch polplacering. För att styra DC motorerna måsterobotarmens position vara känd, detta löstes med potentiometrar.All kraftmoment överfördes genom vajrar, vilketvar en fördel för detta projekt på grund av den tungavikten på motorerna. Slutresultatet av konstruktionen lyckadesfölja det givna mönstret och detektera mat på ettlämpligt vis.
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Lynch, Nicholas J. "Feeding Phishers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/139.
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Phishing campaigns continue to deceive users into revealing their credentials, despite advancing spam filters, browser and toolbar warnings, and educational efforts. Recently, researchers have begun investigating how fake credentials --- or honeytokens --- can be used to detect phishing sites and protect users. BogusBiter, one such work, creates sets of honeytokens based on users' real credentials and sends them alongside real user submissions to phishing sites. In this paper, we present Phish Feeder, an anti-phishing tool which extends the BogusBiter honeytoken generation algorithm in order to create more realistic and authentic-looking credentials. Phish Feeder also employs a ``honeytoken repository'' which stores generated credentials and provides a lookup service for legitimate sites that encounter invalid credentials. The Phish Feeder client is implemented as a Firefox extension and the repository is implemented as a Java web application. We compare the effectiveness of the Phish Feeder generation algorithm to that of the previous work and find that it is up to four times as effective at hiding real users' credentials within a set. Furthermore, we find that Phish Feeder introduces only negligible overhead during normal browsing, and a low overhead during credential creation and submission.
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McNally, Janet Elizabeth. "Infant feeding cues, maternal feeding decisions and the development of a self-directed responsive feeding resource." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22131/.
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Low maternal responsiveness to infant feeding signals is a reported risk factor for childhood obesity, however, mothers may have difficulty in responding to cues. The thesis had 3 aims: to better understand infant feeding cues within complementary feeding (CF); to understand mothers’ feeding decisions, perceptions and practices in the context of weaning approach (baby led or traditional weaning), and to develop a self-directed, online resource to facilitate cue recognition with a view to promoting responsive feeding. A systematic review of the feeding cues literature was undertaken (Study 1) followed by an observational study of infant gaze, gesture and vocalisation during feeding with 20 mother-infant dyads (Study 2). 11 mothers from Study 2 then participated in qualitative, video-elicited interviews concerning choice of feeding method, and decisions and perceptions during feeding interactions (Study 3). Studies 1-3 informed the development of a self-directed, online responsive feeding resource (Study 4), which was evaluated by 23 parents and professionals for acceptability and satisfaction. Findings suggest that low responsiveness to feeding cues may arise from poor recognition, but that attention to infant gaze, gesture and vocalisation during feeding may help mothers to recognise satiation (Study 2). However, mothers may have difficulty following cues, even when recognised, because of worries about infant intake, behaviour which deviates from maternal feeding expectations, and practical pressures (Study 3). Such issues were reported by mothers across different CF approaches. Study 4 indicated that an online, self-directed responsive feeding intervention is feasible to deliver and acceptable to parents. The thesis offers potentially new insights for understanding infant communication of hunger and satiation and responsive feeding, and identifies research directions to investigate these further. It also highlights the need for feeding interventions to address cue recognition, issues which compromise maternal responsiveness, and to be flexible to the specific needs of individual mother-infant dyads.
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Lin, Xin. "Systematic review of parenting style, feeding style, and feeding practice studies." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690630.
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Sloan, Seaneen. "Associations between infant feeding, mother-child feeding interactions and weight gain." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675474.
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Within the context of increasing prevalence of childhood obesity over a number of decades, alongside a trend towards increasingly 'obesogenic' environments, this thesis explored cross-sectional and prospective relationships between maternal feeding behaviour and child adiposity at age one year and at age five years. The research aims were addressed over two empirical studies. Study 1 collected data on breastfeeding through structured interviews with mothers (N=290) of one-year-old infants, observed mother-infant feeding interactions, and measured infant weight and length. Study 2 followed up the same sample (N=197) through a survey at age five, to examine cross-sectional relationships between maternal feeding behaviours (both practices and styles), child eating behaviours, and child adiposity (Study 2 Part A) as well as longitudinal associations with breastfeeding, maternal feeding behaviours and adiposity in infancy (Study 2 Part B). Age five height and weight were provided by a child health administrative database. Several limitations in the current knowledge base were also addressed, including the over-reliance on maternal self-report of feeding behaviour, the relative paucity of research examining the role of breastfeeding, and the lack of prospective studies beginning in infancy. Overall, findings suggest that feeding practices may be a response to child attributes (in terms of adiposity and eating behaviour), rather than a cause. Further, feeding practices are distinguishable from 'feeding styles', which are established early and may not function as a response to child attributes. Findings suggest that breastfeeding may promote a more responsive feeding style, as mothers are accustomed to sharing control over food intake with their child. This effect may extend into later infancy, during the transition to family meals and self-feeding, and may, in turn, facilitate appetite regulation over the short- and longer-term, which protects against excess weight gain.
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Lammons, Marie Louise. "Mud and Mucus: Feeding Selectivity in a Suspension-Feeding Detritivorous Fish." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626883.
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Doherty, Tanya. "HIV and Infant Feeding : Operational Challenges of Achieving Safe Infant Feeding Practices." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7291.
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Komninou, S. "Early feeding experiences, individual characteristics, and their impact on infant feeding outcomes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007615/.
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Early life experiences impose long lasting effects on health and wellbeing. The early development of eating habits and flavour preferences associated with a healthy diet can help to extend and improve the quality of life. A variety of factors contribute to this process and the resulting early feeding choices have an impact on parents and infants alike. Initially, nutritional factors provide the key influence, with maternal diet affecting the flavour profile of amniotic fluid and breast milk. In doing so, these factors shape the type of flavours recognised as “familiar” and “safe” by the infant. Later parental behavioural inputs interact at different levels, and with an increasing influence, to further mould infants’ and toddlers’ eating related behaviours. This thesis aims to explore elements of the nutrition and behavioural inputs during early life by employing a bi-directional focus. In a small-scale laboratory study comparing vegetable acceptance between breast-fed and formula-fed infants it was found, contrary to hypotheses that the intake of vegetable puree did not vary with milk feeding type. Maternal ratings of their infant’s enjoyment of the vegetables were also comparable between the two groups. With the recognition that mothers likely use multiple means of assessing vegetable preference, the rationale for the enjoyment ratings applied was further explored. Two main categories of cues were derived ‘explicit cues’ and ‘implicit cues, with the first most commonly applied. Finally, the potential for mother-infant interactions to provide insight into vegetable acceptance was explored. Results suggested that mothers might adjust their interactions with their baby during feeding depending on the food familiarity. However, outcomes should be considered with caution due to various methodological limitations and the small sample size. The focus of subsequent research was guided by the methodological limitations identified in the laboratory based. The final online survey was targeted at weaning practices. Specifically, it demonstrated positive associations between the baby-led weaning approach and the use of health promoting parental feeding practices to achieve positive eating behaviour outcomes in toddlers. Although results were encouraging, as BLW is relatively contemporary in the literature, further research is required to explore the long-term benefits of this weaning method.
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Rapley, G. "Spoon-feeding or self-feeding? : the infant's first experience of solid food." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14177/.
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Since 2002, the minimum recommended age worldwide for the introduction of solid foods has been six months, an age when most infants are able to bring food to their mouth and chew it, without assistance. Despite this, the practice of spoon feeding with purées remains prevalent and most research to date has examined the introduction of solid foods from the adult’s perspective rather than the infant’s. As a result, factors that may impact on the food preferences of infants, such as the appearance, smell and haptic qualities of food, have not been investigated, nor has the routine use of puréed foods been challenged. Similarly, while differences have been well documented between the processes of breastfeeding and bottle feeding, the possibility that there may be pertinent differences between spoon feeding and self-feeding has not been explored. Overall, the introduction of solid foods has been researched in nutritional terms, rather than in relation to the infant’s experience and his wider learning and development. This study appears to be the first to explore the introduction of solid food from the infant’s perspective. Ten infants were offered a single food, both as a graspable piece and as a spoon-fed purée. The experience was audio/video-recorded and analysed in depth using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Two interviews were conducted with the mother of each infant, during which they were asked to eat the same food, in the same formats, as their infant, and to comment on the audio/video-recording. The findings indicate that spoon feeding and self-feeding are two contrasting experiences. Self-feeding was seen to be characterised by exploratory behaviour, while spoon feeding showed more evidence of avoidant behaviour by the infant and controlling behaviour by the mother. Possible implications for parental and professional guidance and for future research are discussed.
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Ornelas, Mário André Santos de. "Electronic sow feeding : making sense of feeding data to support sow management." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21184.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaThis study aimed to address the knowledge gaps concerning how group-housed gestating sows interact with modern electronic sow feeding (ESF) stations and to explore the potential of data recorded by these systems to enhance farm management. ESF records of 276 sow-gestations, from a dynamic group of c. 120 individuals were investigated. Data was analysed to identify patterns in the use of feeding stations by animals, and associations between feeding patterns and reproductive performance. Throughout the approximate 15 weeks that each sow spent on the dry sow house during a gestation, the total number of visits to the feeding stations varied greatly among individuals (367.7 ± 282.8) most of which were non-feeding visits (60.01 ± 19.8%). Feeding activity was highly concentrated within the first 12 h of feeding cycles (23 h) and sows ate their daily rations predominantly on a single feeding station visit (98.3 ± 1.7%). A mixed effects model revealed a weak effect of time on the number of feeding station visits, and a negative relationship between parity and total number of visits (b = - 0.230, SE = 0.022, p < 0.001). Sows kept feeding order relatively stable across gestation, especially among those who fed first. Additionally, results suggested that with every additional parity, the odds of a sow being among the first 15% group members to feed increased by a factor of 2.16 [OR: 2.16, p<0.010]. Statistically significant associations were found between feeding patterns and pre weaning piglet mortality, but not with number of piglets born alive nor average birth weight. Median piglet mortality was lower for sows feeding last compared to those feeding first (4.5% vs 14.3%, p = 0.025) and with a middle position in the feeding order (4.5% vs 11.8%, p = 0.045). Individuals with a regular feeding time showed higher piglet mortality rates than those with moderately regular (14.3% vs 10.6%, p = 0.029) and irregular (14.3% vs 9.5%, p = 0.047) feeding times. Median piglet mortality was superior in fast feeding sows compared to those feeding slower (13.3% vs 9.1%, p = 0.053). This work enhances current understanding of how gestating sows interact with ESF stations and highlights the potential of ESF data to support sow management.
RESUMO - ALIMENTAÇÃO ELETRÓNICA DE PORCAS: UTILIZAÇÃO DOS SEUS REGISTOS COMO SUPORTE AO MANEIO DA PORCA REPRODUTORA - Em suinicultura, o sucesso dos sistemas produtivos é influenciado em larga escala pelo desempenho do efetivo reprodutor. O maneio alimentar assume, a esse respeito, um papel decisivo na performance reprodutiva a médio e longo prazos e deve ter presentes as diferentes necessidades de cada animal. A alimentação eletrónica permite que porcas gestantes sejam alimentadas de forma individual estando alojadas em grupos, conforme previsto na legislação europeia. Ao passo que a adoção deste sistema tem vindo a crescer ao longo dos anos, a valorização dos seus registos tem recebido pouca atenção. Não obstante, alguns estudos sugerem que a informação recolhida automaticamente pelas estações de alimentação eletrónica (EAE) pode constituir uma ferramenta de monitorização, capaz de fomentar o maneio individual da porca gestante. Este trabalho visa enriquecer a compreensão do modo como as porcas em gestação em grupo interagem com EAE e avaliar a utilidade dos registos gerados por este sistema para apoiar o maneio da porca reprodutora. Para o efeito, analisaram-se registos de 276 gestações pertencentes a um grupo dinâmico de cerca de 120 porcas com acesso a duas EAE. A análise focou-se na identificação de padrões de utilização das EAE e no estudo de relações entre padrões de alimentação e performance reprodutiva. ...
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Farrimond, J. A. "Phytocannabinoid effects on feeding." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558805.
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This project determined whether non-A'tetrahydrocannabinol phytocannabinoids (non-L'l9THC pCBs) had any effect on feeding patterns in rats and, if so, to characterise such effects. It is well described that L'l9THC administration induces cannabinoid type 1 receptor-mediated hyperphagia by increasing short- term food consumption due to reductions in the latency to feed. Yet, at the outset of this work there was little data available concerning whether or not other pCBs had any effectJs on feeding patterns. Using a pre-satiated paradigm, groups of male rats were administered one of either a range of purified pCBs, two standardised cannabis extracts, two extract analogues or a synthetic L'l9THC. Feeding microstructure data were then examined and analysed for hourly intakes and critical meal parameters. It has been demonstrated for the first time that cannabinol administration increases appetitive (behaviours which govern the latency to feed) and consummatory behaviours (those which control the length and size of meals) and the amount of food consumed. Also for the first time, L'l9THC-mediated effects on meal patterns have been observed. Furthermore, cannabidiol has been shown to induce reductions in food intake over a four hour period. By contrast, cannabigerol and fl9tetrahydrocannabivarin were ineffective feeding modulators in this paradigm. Given the lack of psychotropic side effects observed following the administration of the pCBs, both here and in reported literature, these data suggest that cannabinol and cannabidiol could form the basis of two therapeutic agents to control feeding patterns without psychotropic side effects. These data form the basis for future experiments, potentially clinical, in the field.
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Torres-Jara, Eduardo R. (Eduardo Rafael) 1972. "A self-feeding robot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87819.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).
by Eduardo R. Torres-Jara.
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Johnson, Kelsey. "Sim-plete feeding trial /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/ascisp/1/.
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Udayangani, Fernando Payagala Udawattege. "The impact of macroalgal mats on the feeding distribution and feeding behaviour of mussel feeding birds on the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248594.
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The thesis describes the feeding distribution and feeding behaviour of two species of mussel feeding birds, eider Somateria mollissima and oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus on intertidal mussel beds on the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire, in relation to the distribution of green macroalgae during different phases of growth. Two hypotheses were tested; (1) The presence of algae deters birds from feeding in a place. (2) The presence of algae negatively affects the feeding behaviour of birds. Five different growth phases of algae were identified; (1) Early re-establishment (Jan - Feb), (2) Late re-establishment (Mar - Apr), (3) Accelerated (May - Jun), (4) Peak (Jul - Aug) and (5) Declining (Sep - Oct). The greatest area of bare mud with scattered algal areas occurred during the early and late re-establishment phases and imposed minimal physical interference on the birds' feeding. A mosaic of patches of bare mud and algal-covered areas, which increased habitat heterogeneity, occurred during the accelerated and declining phases and imposed a substantial interference on the birds' feeding. A uniform layer of thick mat of about 0.5 cm and up to 2.6 kg FW.m-2, covering more than 75% of the studied mussel beds, occurred during the peak phase and imposed maximal physical interference on the bird's feeding. The effects of algae on the feeding distribution and behaviour of mussel feeding birds were species specific. The first hypothesis was supported only during the re-establishment phase and was apparent only for eiders. In contrast, both the species appeared to be attracted by algae during the late phase of algal growth; eiders during the accelerated and declining phases and oystercatchers during the peak and declining phases. It was evident that the presence of algae over the mussel beds did not deter the mussel feeding birds absolutely from feeding in a place. The second hypothesis was supported only during the re-establishment phase and was apparent only for eiders.
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Cox, Beverly Gwen. "Impact of Precision Feeding Strategies on Whole Farm Nutrient Balance and Feeding Management." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32444.
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Impact of precision feeding with feed management software was assessed for whole farm nutrient balance (WFNB) and feeding management from January through December 2006. Nine treatment and six control farms were selected in four regions of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed of Virginia. Herd sizes averaged 271 and 390 lactating cows for treatment and control farms while milk yield averaged 30 and 27 kg/d per lactating cow, respectively. Crop hectares grown averaged 309 and 310 ha for treatment and control farms, respectively. Treatment farms purchased and installed feed management software (TMR Tracker, Digi-Star LLC, Fort Atkinson WI) between May and October 2006 and received more frequent feed analysis and feedback. Data were collected for calendar year 2005 and 2006 to compute WFNB using software from the University of Nebraska. On treatment farms, up to five feed samples were obtained monthly from individual feedstuffs and each total mixed ration (TMR) fed to lactating cows. Control farms submitted TMR samples every 2 mo. Standard wet chemistry analysis of samples was performed. Data stored in the software were collected monthly from each treatment farm concurrent with feed sampling. Producers from each treatment farm participated in a 24-question personal interview in December 2006 addressing installation, operation, and satisfaction with the software. Daily feeding deviation of all ingredients across treatment farms averaged 173 ± 163 kg/d. This corresponded to average daily overfeeding of CP and P of 17.6 ± 17 and 0.4 ± 0.3 kg/d, respectively. Feeding deviation did not differ between feeders. Milk production was negatively associated with kg total deviation and kg CP deviation, but positively related to P deviation. Whole farm nutrient balance did not differ between treatment and control farms. All producers indicated TMR Tracker met expectations. Change made to the feeding program due to TMR Tracker was correlated (r=0.80) with perceived improvement in ration consistency. In conclusion, producers perceived feed management software as beneficial, but WFNB was not reduced after 3 to 6 mo of using feed management software; however, the large variation in daily over or under feeding indicates potential for future reductions in WFNB through reduced feeding variability.Master of Science
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Messer, Lori L. "Infant-Driven Feeding vs. Scheduled Feeding: The Effect on Hospital Length of Stay." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2094.
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Developmental delays related to feeding dysfunction in premature infants can lead to lengthy hospitalizations and increased healthcare costs initially and throughout the first year of the child's life. The purpose of this project was to use readiness-to-feed assessments to evaluate the impact of an infant-driven feeding protocol on length of stay. The project compared the length of stay of 2 groups of infants: a demand fed according to a readiness-to-feed protocol (protocol group, n = 14) and a traditionally fed according to scheduled, volume-driven feedings (traditional group, n = 15). The logic model served as the change management framework and synactive theory of infant development provided the theoretical framework. According to Als' synactive theory, a shortened hospital stay for premature infants may reduce adverse effects related to neurosensory development, delayed bonding, and a distant parenting experience. A quantitative research design was used, and data were collected through a retrospective chart review of the 2 groups. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were completed. The findings indicated that the length of stay in the protocol group was less than the length of stay in the traditionally fed group and that the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Social change benefits related to the project include improved family bonding, improved neurosensory development of infants, and a reduction in healthcare costs as a result of a shortened length of stay. The findings of this project demonstrated that by using the readiness-to-feed protocol, neonatal intensive care nurses can decrease lengths of stay and costs of hospitalization while reducing adverse effects of traditional care on infant development and bonding.
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Minkel, Rachel. "A COMPARISON OF SELF-FEEDING VERSUS CAREGIVER-FEEDING IN THE TREATMENT OF FOOD SELECTIVITY." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2289.
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The present investigation compared the effects of self-feeding versus caregiver-feeding on increasing bite acceptance and decreasing problem behavior in the treatment of food selectivity. Participants included three children diagnosed with ASD who ate limited amounts of healthy foods. A multielement and reversal design was used to compare self-feeding and caregiver-feeding. Results of the present study are discussed in regard to the effects of self-feeding versus caregiver-feeding during implementation of noncontingent reinforcement, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, escape extinction, and combinations of these procedures.
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Harris, Holly. "Feeding dynamics in the family: Relationships between parental feeding practices and child fussy eating." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118667/1/Holly_Harris_Thesis.pdf.
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Fussy eating, characterised by persistent refusal of familiar and/or novel food, is a risk factor for poor dietary variety, particularly fruits and vegetables which are protective against diet-related chronic diseases. Parents may attempt to modify children's diets by using feeding practices that are not responsive to a child's appetite, such as pressuring, restricting and using food as a reward. Little is known about the nature of children's fussy eating within the social, emotional and economic context of the family. This PhD thesis, presented as five papers (four published, one accepted), demonstrated the complexity of family feeding dynamics and fussy eating in children aged 5-years old and younger, in the family context of socioecocomic disadvantage. Evidence generated from this thesis suggests bi-directional behavioural associations between parental non-responsive feeding practices and child fussy eating, which may be mediated by parental concern for the child's fussy eating.
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Shea, Elizabeth Anne. "Perseverant feeding disorder in children." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408796.
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Gale, Christopher Robert Keith. "Newborn feeding and infant phenotype." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39361.
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Breastfeeding in infancy, when compared with formula feeding, is associated with a reduced incidence of components of the metabolic syndrome later in life. One potential mechanism is via an effect on lipid metabolism and storage, manifesting as altered adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition. I have examined the null hypothesis: no association is detectable between infant feeding and adiposity or ectopic lipid in infancy, through a meta-analysis of published studies and a prospective cohort study of healthy infants employing gold standard direct measurement techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy). Eleven studies were identified for meta-analysis: in formula-fed compared to breastfed infants, fat mass was lower at 3-4 months [mean difference (95% confidence interval)]: [-0.09 kg (-0.18, -0.01 kg)] and 6 months [-0.18 kg (- 0.34, -0.01 kg)]. Conversely, at 12 months, fat mass was higher in formula-fed infants [0.29 kg (-0.03, 0.61 kg)] than in breastfed infants. Eighty-seven infants were included in a prospective cohort, of which 73 were investigated at two time points. In healthy, term, breastfed infants adipose tissue accretion between birth and 2-3 months ages was predominantly within subcutaneous rather than internal adipose tissue compartments, and a significant increase in intrahepatocellular lipid was detected: median [interquartile range] 0.653 [0.367-1.900] after birth and 1.837 [1.408-2.429] at 2-3 months. Comparing breastfed with formula fed infants within this cohort no significant differences were detected in total adipose tissue, adipose tissue distribution or intrahepatocellular lipid between birth and 2-3 months. Significant associations were detected between maternal BMI, rate of weight gain in early infancy and gender, and adipose tissue partitioning at 2-3 months. While method of feeding is associated with altered infant fat mass up to 6 months, no association is detectable with adipose tissue partitioning or ectopic hepatic lipid at 2-3 months.
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Hecheimi, Khaled Muhuddine. "Protein feeding for dairy cows." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239933.
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Markham, J. B. "Studies on feeding in Bryozoa." Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638002.
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Procedures to reduce errors in Coulter analyses - In counts of suspensions of algae and inert particles made with a negative external electrode (EE), neither total number of particles per unit volume of suspension nor mean cell or particle volume (MCV) ever changed. In contrast, a count made with a positive EE exhibited a substantial change in MCV. A review of published investigations of damage to red blood corpuscles caused by a count suggests that they are affected in a similar way. Function of the gizzard in Bryozoa - Five gizzard-bearers frequently displayed significantly greater ability to break diatom frustules, when compared with two other bryozoans. The species lacking a gizzard have good ability to separate valves of some diatoms frustules, even to the extent of equalling the percentage broken by the gizzard of Bowerbankia. However, bryozoans that possess a gizzard are small, too small to ingest a majority of the common diatoms. Selection of food by two marine bryozoans - The preferences of Electra pilosa and Flustrellidra hispida have been investigated. E. pilosa, offered mixtures of algae and pollen, did not distinguish between pollen and algal cells but preferentially selected foods of 15-40 um diameter. E. pilosa appears able to select particles with regard to size but not taste, and preferences are affected by total but not relative food concentration. E. pilosa and F. hispida have lophophores of greatly different size, but preferentially selected similar size categories from seston. These were those sizes most abundant in local seawater samples. Optimal design of the bryozoan lophophore - The lateral cilia of Flustrellidra hispida close the intertentacular gap over the proximal 30%, or less, of the length of the gap. A method was developed to study optimal design, and used to determine which characteristics of funnel morphology are optimized by natural selection.
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Brierley, Matthew Joseph. "Neural network underlying snail feeding." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239132.
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Witard, Oliver Charles. "Protein feeding and exercise recovery." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/508/.
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The importance of protein feeding for maximising the anabolic effect of resistance exercise is well established. Ingestion of amino acids or intact protein sources with and without carbohydrate during exercise recovery further stimulates muscle protein synthesis. Less clear is the impact of an acute bout of resistance exercise on the protein synthetic rate of muscle already stimulated by food intake. This thesis demonstrates that an acute bout of resistance exercise further augments the protein synthetic rate of muscle already stimulated by food intake. Simulating everyday practice, whereby resistance exercise is typically performed in the fed state, an exercise-induced elevation in muscle protein synthesis was accompanied by an increased phosphorylation status of signaling proteins downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Recent studies advocate the potential role for protein feeding in improving subsequent performance following acute bouts of fatiguing endurance-type exercise. However, previous studies have focussed upon carbohydrate nutrition, rather than examining the role of protein feeding for exercise recovery in the context of an intense period of endurance training. Increasing dietary protein intake partially countered the blunted minimal mobilisation of antiviral lymphocytes during exercise following intensified training. In addition, the number of negative symptoms of psychological stress experienced following intensified training was attenuated with additional dietary protein intake. The mechanism(s) underpinning the suggestion that a high protein diet may potentiate a better maintainence of endurance performance following intensified training could not be definitively elucidated from our experimental design. The most likely explanation appears to be related to psychological status.
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Sheldrick, Heulwen Lisa. "Decisions about feeding after stroke." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439479.
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In the acute stages of stroke where the patient experiences dysphagia or reduced levels of consciousness, clinicians make decisions on how a patient's food and fluid needs will be met. These decisions include whether the patient should take oral diet, or whether nutrition should be administered via a Nasogastric (NG) or Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube. This qualitative study investigates the process by which clinicians make decisions over the timing and mode of nutrition or hydration interventions available to them. Data were collected from twenty patient participants and twenty-four clinicians from two NHS Trusts. The patient data comprised both clinical case note data and observational data taken from clinical discussions on the ward during their admission. In-depth interviews were undertaken with clinicians to explore their experiences and views on decision making for nutrition and hydration. The data were analysed to generate substantive theory following the principles of grounded theory. The findings suggest that the decision making process follows a normative pathway of 'not to feed' the patient which is based on three key beliefs. These were that; nutrition and hydration were viewed as distinct and different interventions, with nutrition not being considered essential to recovery after stroke; the risk of pulmonary aspiration was perceived to outweigh the benefits of providing nutrition; and, that nutritional interventions could prolong a poor Quality of Life for a patient. Deviation from this normative pathway by clinicians was influenced by four key themes; views about the patient's prognosis; beliefs about the nutrition and hydration interventions available; perceived responsibilities of those involved; and, personal conscience issues. The findings from the study are discussed in the context of clinical practice and the implications for future research
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Parkinson, Kathryn N. "Feeding behaviour in late infancy." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1055/.
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Drazen, Jeffrey C. "Feeding ecology of Pacific macrourids /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035913.
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Cleri, Stefano. "Feeding behaviour of the Corydoradinae." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5116/.
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The evolution of a sub-family of south-american freshwater catfishes has created a great diversification of its representants into a huge number of species, usually members of characteristic mimicry communities. After the work of Alexandrou (Alexandrou, 2011) on the phylogeny of the group that discovered the existence of more deep divisions, from the taxonomic point of view, of the sub-family, even from the ecological point of view, I tried to reconfirm these statements from the ethological point of view, settling watching and recording sessions and an experiment that could show their interactions on the environment by observing their substrate mixing action.
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Kendig, Michael David. "Cue-Potentiated Feeding In Rats." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17359.
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Cue-potentiated feeding (CPF) describes the stimulation of food consumption by cues that have become associated with food. Determining under what conditions CPF occurs is important for understanding whether exposure to food cues contributes to overeating. A history presented in Chapter 1 describes how the study of CPF developed from incidental findings in early experiments to Weingarten’s (1983) influential paper, through to contemporary models that focus primarily on the neural circuits underlying CPF. There have been fewer attempts to characterise the broader nature of the effect, particularly in relation to whether CPF is ‘specific’ to the paired food. This formed the general focus of the present thesis. Chapter 2 outlines three experiments using a training procedure in which laboratory rats received intermixed exposures to a ‘Plus’ context containing palatable food and to a ‘Minus’ context containing no food. CPF was found to be specific to the training food even when testing a palatable and familiar alternative. However, contexts paired with a variety of foods enhanced consumption of other foods never eaten in that environment. Experiments in Chapter 3 explored individual differences in CPF and found that the effect did not correlate with consumption of palatable food at baseline or during training. Results also suggested that consumption of palatable food in training was not matched by an equivalent reduction in home-cage chow intake. Chapter 4 reports a series of experiments in which methodological changes hypothesised to enhance the CPF effect reversed the predicted pattern of consumption. These results are discussed with reference to theories of incentive contrast. The effects of diet-induced obesity on CPF were explored in Chapter 5. The present results are integrated with existing literature and directions for future research are outlined in Chapter 6, which discusses CPF with reference to specificity and variety; individual differences; and the sensitivity of the effect to procedural parameters.
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Redfern, Alison M. "Infant feeding in England, 1992." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308518.
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Nakagawa, Naofumi. "Feeding Strategies of Japanese Monkeys." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86398.
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Sprinkle, Jim. "Feeding Management for Show Lambs." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144707.
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9 pp.As a general rule, lambs are not purchased until they are at least 8 weeks old and exceed 40lbs. in weight. The lamb should gain an average of .5 to .8 lbs. a day. This publication discusses how to feed a show lamb according to its nutrient needs.
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Sprinkle, Jim. "Feeding Management for Show Steers." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144708.
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12 pp.Large frame steers weigh from 1200 to 1400 pounds at finish weight, while medium frame steers are only around 700 pounds. This publication discusses how to select and feed a steer in order to get it to its' desired weight.
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Batista, Michela Costa. "Feeding ecology of green lacewings." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11859.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Para que os inimigos naturais encontrem as plantas e se estabeleçam em uma área de cultivo para fornecer o serviço de controle biológico, eles precisam ser atraídos para o local, sobreviver, reproduzirem-se e serem capazes de predar as pragas presentes nesse cultivo. Geralmente, a atração de inimigos naturais está direta ou indiretamente ligada às necessidades alimentares. Uma vez atraídos para a área, as fontes de alimento no cultivo e arredores devem ser apropriadas para promover o crescimento e estabelecimento das populações desses inimigos naturais. Nosso objetivo foi entender aspectos chave da ecologia alimentar de crisopídeos, predadores generalistas encontrados naturalmente em agroecossistemas e comumente comercializados como agentes de controle biológico. No Capítulo I, avaliamos a atratividade de espécies de plantas aromáticas a Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen, uma espécie de crisopídeo com ampla distribuição geográfica e que pode ser encontrada em diversos sistemas de cultivo. Adicionalmente, foram testados os efeitos dessas plantas aromáticas na sobrevivência e performance de larvas e adultos de C. cubana, a fim de elucidar a importância dessas plantas para o estabelecimento de populações de crisopídeos. Constatamos que plantas de Ocimum basilicum (manjericão) sem flores e não infestadas foram atrativas para C. cubana, e que as larvas podem sobreviver em O. basilicum por um período de tempo maior em comparação com as outras espécies de plantas aromáticas avaliadas. Adicionalmente, as flores de O. basilicum proporcionaram uma sobrevivência longa para larvas e adultos de C. cubana, em comparação com o controle negativo (água). Os resultados indicam que a utilização de O. basilicum como um componente de diversificação em áreas agrícolas pode ser benéfico para a atração e manutenção de populações de C. cubana para favorecer o controle biológico. No Capítulo II, foi estudada a amplitude de dieta de Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister, uma espécie de crisopídeo comumente usada e comercializada como agente de controle biológico, com 16 espécies de afideos, avaliando-se a qualidade dessas espécies para a sobrevivência e o fitness desse predador generalista. Os resultados mostraram que C rufilabris se alimentou de todas as espécies de afideo oferecidas. No entanto, esse crisopídeo se desenvolveu e produziu ovos apenas quando alimentado por sete das 16 espécies avaliadas, estando a maioria destas espécies agrupadas em um mesmo ramo filogenético. Também foi encontrado um forte sinal filogenético para a sobrevivência, consumo de afídeos e produção de ovos de C. ruleabris, indicando que a maioria das espécies apropriadas a C. ruleabris são filogeneticamente próximas, o que demonstra que essa espécie de crisopídeo é menos generalista do que se havia suposto. Assim, C. ruleabris pode não se beneficiar de uma grande amplitude de presas e isso deve ser levado em consideração no planejamento de estratégias de controle biológico que visem utilizar esse crisopídeo. Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre a ecologia alimentar de agentes de controle biológico é essencial antes da escolha das espécies a serem liberadas ou atraídas e mantidas em uma área cultivada. Nesse sentido, O. basilicum é uma espécie de planta aromática promissora para atrair e manter populações de crisopídeos no campo. Além da atratividade, é importante considerar a filogenia das presas em estudos de amplitude de dieta de predadores generalistas a fim de se obter melhores resultados em programas de controle biológico.
Biological control is a pest management strategy that relies on the action of natural enemies to control the populations of herbivores, minimizing their damage on cultivated areas. For natural enemies to find and establish in a cropping area to provide biological control services they need to be attracted to the area, survive, reproduce, and be capable of preying on the pests present in the crop. Usually, natural enemy attraction is direct or indirectly linked with feeding needs. Once attracted to the area, the food resources in the crop and surroundings must be suitable to promote population growth and establishment of natural enemies populations. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to understand key aspects of the feeding ecology of green lacewings, generalist predators naturally found in agroecosystems and commonly commercialized as biological control agents. On Chapter I, we assessed the attractiveness of aromatic plant species to Ceraeochrysa cabana Hagen, a lacewing species with a broad geographical range that can be found in several cropping systems. Additionally, we tested the effects of those aromatic plants on survival and performance of larvae and adults of C. cabana, in order to elucidate the importance of such plant species to the establishment of green lacewing populations. We found that non-flowering and uninfested Ocimam basilicam (basil) plants were attractive to C. cabana, and that larvae could survive for a longer period of time in O. basilicam leaves compared to the other aromatic plant species tested. Additionally, O. basilicam flowers promoted a long survival for larvae and adults of C. cabana, compared to the negative control (water). Results indicate that using O. basilicam as a diversification component in cultivated areas may be beneficial to attract and maintain C. cabana populations to support biological control. On chapter II, we studied the diet breadth of Chrysoperla rafilabris Burmeister, a green lacewing commonly used and commercialized as a biological control agent, over 16 aphid species, assessing the quality of those species on survival and fitness of this generalist predator. Results demonstrated that C. rafilabris preyed over all the aphid species, but could develop and produce eggs only in seven species, most of them from the same cluster in a phylogenetic tree. We also found a strong phylogenetic signal for survival, aphid consumption and egg load of C. rafilabris, indicating that most of the species more suitable to C. rufilabris were closely related, which demonstrate that this green lacewing species is less generalist than it was supposed. Thus, C. rufilabris may not benefit from a broad prey range and that has to be taken into consideration when planning biological control strategies using this green lacewing species. In conclusion, knowledge on the feeding ecology of biological control agents is essential before choosing the species to be released or that to be attracted to and to maintain in the cropping system. In this sense, O. basilicum is a promising aromatic plant species to attract and maintain lacewing populations in the field. Additionally to attractiveness, it is important to consider prey phylogeny in the study of generalist predators diet breadth in order to have better results in biological control programs.
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Nduna, Themba. "Infant and young child feeding in Zimbabwe : developing food-based complementary feeding recommendations for infants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231072.
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Background: Undernutrition is a global public health challenge with life-long consequences. For a child chronically undernourished within the first 1000 days of its life, the consequences include lower school attainment, shorter adult height, reduced adult income and national economic productivity. Investing in preventing child undernutrition has both immediate and later life benefits for children and society. To prevent child undernutrition, promote optimal growth and development, nutrition interventions should target the 1000-days window of opportunity. Aim and objectives: This thesis aimed to assess infant feeding practices in the Matebeleland region of Zimbabwe. The objectives were to (i) explore factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, (ii) estimate nutrient intake and assess nutritional quality of infants' diets and (iii) formulate and pilot food-based feeding recommendations for infants. Methods: This thesis employed mixed methods. The breastfeeding study and piloting of feeding recommendations were qualitative, whilst the food intake and linear programming studies were quantitative. Results: Diets consumed by infants in the Matebeleland region are predominantly plant-based and poor in both diversity and micronutrient density. The diets do not meet calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B3 requirements for 9-11 month-old infants. Urban infants and those from wealthier households had higher median nutrient intakes than infants from rural and poor households did, respectively. Conclusion: Diets consumed by infants in the Matebeleland region are poor in diversity and micronutrient density and cannot meet calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B3 requirements for the 9-11 months target group. Maize meal fortification improved the micronutrient density of the diets.
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Noble, Christopher. "Feeding efficiency and aggression in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.) under alternative feeding regimes." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392646.
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Hill, Rebecca R. "Tongue-Tie: Prevalence, significance, and its contribution to maternal feeding challenges and problematic infant feeding." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109063.
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Thesis advisor: Britt F. PadosBackground. Ankyloglossia, commonly known as tongue-tie, reduces tongue mobility through restriction of the lingual frenulum. A recent professional consensus notes that tongue-tie is one possible reason for breastfeeding challenges. Prevalence reporting of tongue-tie has been variable, and an understanding of which infants benefit most from treatment is unknown.Screening and treatment guidelines have not been developed, mainly due to low-level evidence in published research. Despite this, there has been a substantial increase in tongue-tie treatment via frenotomy in the last 15 years. Purpose. The purpose of this program of research was to improve our understanding of tongue- tie and its impact on infant feeding. Eight specific aims were developed to achieve this purpose: 1) identify the prevalence rate of anyloglossia in infants age birth through 12 months; 2) review and evaluate the diagnostic criteria used to diagnose ankyloglossia; 3) identify and summarize original research addressing the impact of ankyloglossia on infant feeding, comparing symptoms of problematic feeding before and after frenotomy; 4) review the quality of the feeding-related outcome measures and psychometric properties of the assessment tools used; 5) describe changes in problematic feeding symptoms, as measured by the NeoEAT, pre- and post-frenotomy; 6) explore the contribution of infant age to the magnitude of change in problematic feeding pre- and post-frenotomy; 7) describe changes in maternal symptoms pre- and post-frenotomy; and 8) evaluate the relationships between maternal symptoms and symptoms of problematic feedingpre- and post-frenotomy. Methods. First, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on tongue- tie to determine the prevalence of the anomaly in the infant population and critiqued the methods used to achieve tongue-tie diagnosis. Second, we identified and summarized original research addressing the impact of tongue-tie on infant feeding, comparing symptoms of problematic feeding before and after frenotomy. In this same study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the assessment tools used in the published research. Next, we assessed maternal and infant symptoms of problematic feeding pre- and post-frenotomy. In this same study, we utilized a comprehensive evaluation of infant feeding symptoms using a validated measure. Results. Cumulatively, this dissertation research has identified symptoms in both mothers and their infants in the setting of tongue-tie. Each of the eight specific aims proposed for this dissertation were addressed. Specifically, through the meta-analysis and systematic review, we determined 1) prevalence of tongue-tie is higher than previously thought, affecting 8% of the infant population, 2) current screening tools for tongue-tie require psychometric evaluation, 3) LATCH scores and maternal self-efficacy improve following frenotomy but little is known about the effect of frenotomy on infant feeding, and 4) infant feeding has not been evaluated comprehensively or with a validated measure for babies with tongue-tie. The research study conducted in Chapter IV found that 5) infants with severe tongue-tie experienced significant improvements in problematic feeding symptoms following tongue-tie correction as measured by the NeoEAT, 6) regardless of infant age, improvements in symptoms of problematic feeding were seen post-frenotomy in babies with severe tongue-tie, 7) maternal symptoms previously thought to occur in the setting of tongue-tie improved following frenotomy (e.g., painful or difficult latch), and 8) symptoms that have not been assessed in earlier research also improved after tongue-tie correction (e.g., chewing on nipple, incomplete breast drainage, and over supply of breastmilk). Conclusions. The program of research in this dissertation has made meaningful contributions to the literature on tongue-tie. Through the production of the first meta-analysis of prevalence data, a thorough evaluation of the available research, and the determination of maternal and infant symptoms associated with tongue-tie, we have crafted recommendations for future research and recommendations for improvements in the clinical management of infants with this oral anomaly
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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Wagoner, Lynda J. Wehrli. "The examination of attitudes toward infant feeding methods, prenatal infant feeding intentions, and the influence of previous breast- feeding exposure among gravid African-American women." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941363.
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African-American women are associated with having the lowest incidence of breast-feeding among ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes toward infant feeding, feeding intentions, and previous breast-feeding exposure among African-American women. Leininger's Culture Care theory provided the framework. A convenience sample of 98 gravid, adult African-American women receiving care at community health centers was administered a 42-item questionnaire on infant feeding attitudes, intentions, and exposure. Findings indicated that mothers choosing breast-feeding agreed more with the benefits of breast-feeding, and were likely to have previous breastfeeding exposure. Formula feeding mothers agreed more with inconveniences of breast-feeding and advantages of formula feeding, and were more likely not to have had previous exposure. These findings suggest that providing culturally congruent education on the benefits of breast-feeding, information on skills to overcome barriers, and positive breast-feeding exposures could positively effect the incidence of breast-feeding in the African-American population.School of Nursing
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Treloar, Allison Kirsch. "Change in practice used to quantify breast milk intake of pre-term infants in a neonatal intensive care unit test-weighing to "Salt Lake City Feed Plan"/." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/treloar/TreloarA0809.pdf.
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A local community hospital in Montana expressed a desire to establish a written clinical guideline for transitioning preterm infants from enteral gavage feedings to oral feedings. This desire was prompted by a change in the method of quantifying breast milk intake of preterm infants when transitioning them from enteral gavage feedings to at-breast feedings in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The hospital changed from the practice of test-weighing as a clinical indicator to quantify breast milk intake to the "Salt Lake City Feed Plan". Procedures: Retrospective data from four consecutive years were collected from quality assessment chart audit data provided to the author in aggregate form. Twenty-nine records met the selection criteria. A descriptive presentation of the aggregate data follows. Results: The average number of total deliveries per year was 1,151. The average percentage of preterm deliveries that occurred between 32 - 37 completed weeks of gestation was 16.3 percent. Of the twenty-nine records that met the selection criteria, 17 were male and 12 were female. The birth weight ranged from 1.75 kilograms (kg) to 2.31 kg. Weight at discharge ranged from 2.66 kg. to 2.99 kg., indicating a weight gain of 0.68 kg. to 0.91 kg. at discharge. Number of days with an indwelling nasogastric enteral feeding tube ranged from 1 to 23 days. Length of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 29 days. The length of stay for exclusively bottle fed preterm infants ranged from 13 to 27 days, whereas the breastfeeding preterm infants who utilized test -weighing or the "Salt Lake City Feed Plan" ranged from 7 to 29 days. Breast fed preterm infants in whom test-weighing or the "Salt Lake City Feed Plan" was utilized had 4 to 4.315 fewer days of hospitalization compared to preterm infants who were exclusively bottle-fed. Conclusion: The literature review and the aggregate data collected by the rural community hospital provide baseline information to create, implement and support an evidence-based clinical guideline to transition preterm infants from enteral gavage feedings to oral feeding.
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Gülden, Aline [Verfasser]. "Investigation of the feeding process at concentrate feeding stations for horses in group housing / Aline Gülden." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160673322/34.
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HATAMLEH, WAJED. "THE EFFECT OF A BREAST-FEEDING SELF-EFFICACY INTERVENTION ON BREAST FEEDING SELF-EFFICACY AND DURATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1164121481.
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Ulrich, Marie. "Feeding Behaviour in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) : Collection of Movement Data Representative of Feeding Events." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158002.
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With the different threats sea turtles are currently facing, such as habitat reduction and pollution, increase of fishing and harvesting of aquatic resources by Humans, or invasive species, it is important to learn as much as possible about their biology and behaviour in order to ensure the success of conservation programs. In this study, loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) feeding behaviour duration as well as energy expenditure approximation during a feeding event were tested and compared using two different types of food: green shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) or Japanese clam (Ruditapes phillipinarum) or Venus clams (Chamelea gallina). The data show that the turtles took longer to approach the crabs but took more time to eat the clams. However, comparison of energy expenditure values for the feeding phase showed no significant differences. The turtles were observed to eat the clams’ shell as well as their meat. These shells are rich in calcium, which is one possible explanation for this behaviour. This study shows that data loggers represent a viable tool for studying the behaviours of marine animals.
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Peters, Brenton Charles. "Xylophagous insects : developments in feeding assays /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20041123.093606/index.html.
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Blackburn, James Robert. "Involvement of dopamine in feeding behaviours." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25347.
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This study investigated the involvement of the neurotransmitter dopamine in feeding behaviours. A conditioned feeding paradigm was used to study incentive responses. After conditioning rats responded to a conditional stimulus (CS+) by approaching a feeding site. Approach responses were attenuated by 0.4 or 0.6mg/kg of the dopamine antagonist pimozide. Neurochemical investigation revealed that exposure to the CS+ increased dopamine turnover in the forebrain. Thus, dopamine appears to be actively involved in the initiation of appetitive responses. In contrast, another experiment indicated that consumption of a liquid diet was not altered by up to 0.6mg/kg pimozide. These data were interpreted as supporting an "incentive-response hypothesis" of dopamine function, which states that "When an animal observes an incentive stimulus, the release of dopamine in the forebrain is increased, resulting in approach to the stimulus by the animal. Once the animal is in contact with a goal object, consummatory reactions occur which are not mediated by dopamine systems". A final experiment investigated the activity of dopamine systems following ingestion. After one hour during which food pellets or liquid diet were available to rats, dopamine turnover was increased in the n. accumbens and the striatum, relative to non-fed animals. No increase was observed in the brains of rats which had consumed similar quantities of saccharin solution. Thus, the increase observed following consumption of pellets or liquid diet could not be attributed to motor or "reward" effects. It was concluded that in addition to their involvement in incentive-responding, dopamine systems are also affected by the ingestion of nutrients.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Pennock, Jennifer M. "The economic burden of bottle-feeding." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6254.
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Bottle-feeding has been associated with excess childhood disease. The costs of managing this burden have not yet been quantified in Canada. This thesis estimated the direct costs of three childhood diseases (diarrhea, otitis media and lower respiratory infection) attributable to bottle-feeding among Ontario infants under the age of one year in 1994. A systematic review identified relative risks among bottle-fed children. The prevalence of bottle-feeding was determined from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, 1994/1995. Impact fractions were calculated for each of the three diseases and applied to the costs of physician visits and hospitalizations which were provided by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. The net direct costs of bottle-feeding were estimated as the sum of attributable costs minus cost savings. The cost of health care attributable to bottle-feeding was estimated to be $2.2 million. A sensitivity analysis revealed that bottle-feeding could have yielded cost savings of $88,900 or cost just under $4.0 million. This estimate was conservative as the costs of drugs were not included.
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Royse, Caitlin. "History of Infant Feeding: Continual Change." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626592.
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Kull, Inger. "Infant feeding and allergy in children /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-553-4/.
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Vos, José Henriëtte. "Feeding of detritivores in freshwater sediments." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/59271.
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